Unit 4 Inventions形容词的原级、比较级和最高级（二）（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版2024八年级上册

Unit 4 Inventions 核心语法精练（形容词的原级、比较级和最高级） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、形容词的原级结构运用 1 二、形容词的比较级和最高级不规则变化 2 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 4 三、完成句子 4 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 一、语法选择 5 二、语法填空 6 一、形容词的原级结构运用 用法 例句 肯定句中常用“as+形容词原级+as”的结构，表示“……(前者) 和……(后者)一样……”。 Jim is as tall as Mike.吉姆和迈克一样高。 在否定句中，可用“not so/as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“…… (前者)不如……(后者)那样……”。 My handwriting is not so/as beautiful as yours. 我的字不如你的漂亮。 倍数表达用“倍数+as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“……是……的几倍……”。 This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。 “(not) as many + 复数名词 + as” 和 “(not) as much + 不可数名词 + as” 表示数量或程度，意为 “和……(不) 一样多的……”。 I have as many stamps as my sister. 我和我妹妹拥有一样多的邮票。 He doesn't spend as much money as his wife. 他花的钱没有他妻子多。 as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as sb. can/could” 意为 “某人尽可能……”，等同于 “as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as possible” 。 The athlete is running as fast as he can in the race. 这位运动员在比赛中尽可能快地奔跑。 二、形容词的比较级和最高级不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least old older/elder oldest/eldest far farther/further farthest/furthest 注意： （1）farther 和 further farther 和 further 都可表示 “更远的” ，但 further 还可用于表示 “更进一步的”“更多的” 等抽象含义。 • 表示距离 “更远的” ◦ farther：The village is farther than it looks.（这个村庄比看起来要远。 ） ◦ further：The sun is much further from the earth than the moon.（太阳离地球比月亮离地球远得多。 ） • 表示抽象含义 “更进一步的”“更多的” （只能用 further ） ◦ We need to do further research on this topic.我们需要对这个课题做进一步的研究。 For further details, please visit our website.欲知更多详情，请访问我们的网站。 （2）elder 和 eldest ：elder 和 eldest 主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系。 My elder brother is a doctor.我的哥哥是一名医生。 Her eldest son is studying abroad.她的长子在国外留学。 一、单项选择 1.The new science book is not as ________ as the old one. A．interesting B．interest C．interested D．more interesting 2.The blue one is not as ________ as the brown one. So I prefer the brown one. A．bad B．worse C．good D．better 3.Children have to pick up ________ they can in the game. A．as much orange as B．so many oranges as C．as much orange as D．as many oranges as 4.Mrs. Black didn’t buy as ________ bread and milk as Mrs. White did. A．more B．most C．many D．much 5.John jumped ________  of all, so he won the game, A．far B．farther C．the farthest D．farer 6.—How can I improve my English? —I think you should read more. The more you read in English, ________ your English will get. A．the better B．the best C．the worse D．the worst 7.—Why did your grandparents move to the countryside, Lily? —Because the air there is much ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 8.Most students hopes to have ________ homework and ________ free time on weekends. A．more; fewer B．less; more C．fewer; more D．more; much 9.This apple is ________ that one. A．three times as bigger as B．as big three times as C．three times as big as D．as big as three times 10.Tom is ________ than Jack, so he makes ________ mistakes than Jack. A．careful; few B．more careful; fewer C．careful; fewer D．more careful; few 11．Playing basketball is ________ dangerous than swimming. A．very B．more C．better D．much 12.The weather in Guangzhou is getting ________ and ________ these days. It’s really uncomfortable. A．hotter; wetter B．hottest; wettest C．the hottest; the wettest D．more hot; more wet 13．Don’t just believe (相信) the advertisement. This kind of book is ______ it says. A．as good as B．not so good as C．as well as D．not as well as 14.—Bill, you’re standing too near to the TV. Could you move a little _________? —ОК, Mom. A．closer B．farther C．slower D．earlier 15.________ careful you are, ________ mistakes you’ll make. A．The more; the less B．The fewer; the more C．The more; the fewer D．The fewer; the less 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．I want to become as (success) as you. 2．My father is not so (friend) as my mother. He is more serious. 3．During the vacation, we take as many photos as . (possible) 4．I plan to have more fruit and vegetables and (little) sugar. 5．Rules can help me become a (good) person than before. 6．Mr Fat is not happy because he has (much) money than me, but he has (few) friends than me. 7．Many parents plan to send their children to New York for (far) study. 8．Tom performed (bad) in the math test in his class. 9．Even (bad), the team’s best player hurt her foot badly. 10．The boy has the (little) milk of the three. 11．All the students in my class make kites, and I think Tom’s is the (good). 12.用older或 elder填空。 ①My younger brother is 7 and my brother is 12. ②Tom is than any other student in his class. 13．We know the Changjiang River is the river in China. (long) 14．They found that the monkey was (clever) of all the animals. 15．I hope everyone can be much (happy) in the future. 三、完成句子 1．你的书包和我的一样大。 Your schoolbag is ______________ mine. 2．孩子们做的家务越多，他们将成长得越好。 housework children do, they will grow. 3.露西认为长城不如颐和园有趣。 Lucy thought the Great Wall is the Palace Museum. 镇上最差的服装店是哪一个？ 4.Which is clothes store in town? 5．最好的电影院是什么？ What’s movie theater? 6．在贵州，丝娃娃是最受欢迎的小吃之一。 In Guizhou, Siwawa is one of the snacks. 7．在去年的阅读周期间，我读的书最多。 I read books during last year’s Reading Week. 8．在这次物理竞赛中，琳达犯的错误最少。 Linda made in this physics competition. 9．人工智能在我们的日常生活中发挥着越来越大的作用。 AI is playing a bigger and in our everyday life. 10．你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。 The careful you are, the mistakes you’ll make. 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的A、B、C、D项中选出最佳选项。 The invention of the camera goes far into the past. In the 1500s, the cameras at that time only made pictures. 1 they didn’t find a way to make the pictures permanent (耐久的) 2 the early 1800s. Even then, photography 3 a new field. Most people had their family pictures 4 by a photographer. People did not own cameras 5 taking pictures and developing the film (冲洗胶卷) was too difficult. In 1884, George Eastman 6 a kind of film so that it fitted into a small camera. Because the new film was easy 7 , many people began to buy cameras. When they 8 their film, people returned their cameras to the factory. There, the film was developed, 9 pictures were printed. Taking pictures is very easy with the help 10 Eastman’s camera. Today’s cameras are even 11 to use, and people can put in their own film. Photography has become a 12 hobby. There 13 also many new jobs in the field of photography. One of the most important kinds 14 work is in news reporting. Newspapers, magazines, and television all need pictures 15 their stories. People find new uses for the camera every day. 1．A．But B．Or C．And D．As 2．A．since B．on C．when D．until 3．A．was B．were C．is D．are 4．A．take B．took C．taken D．takes 5．A．when B．where C．because D．why 6．A．invent B．invented C．to invent D．inventing 7．A．use B．used C．to use D．using 8．A．had finished B．have finished C．has finished D．were finished 9．A．but B．or C．and D．after 10．A．for B．in C．at D．of 11．A．easy B．the easiest C．easier D．more difficult 12．A．grown B．growing C．grow D．grows 13．A．are B．is C．have D．has 14．A．at B．in C．on D．of 15．A．tell B．to tell C．telling D．told 二、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，根据提示词或上下文意思，在空白处填入正确的单词，一空一词。 When we watch movies about the future, we sometimes see robots. They are usually like human servants. They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or 1 (danger) places. Today there are already robots working in 2 (factory). Some can help to build cars, and they do simple jobs over 3 over again. Fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are boring, but robots will never get bored. Scientists are now 4 (try) to make robots look like humans and do the same things as we do. Some robots in Japan can walk and dance. 5 , some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make 6 (they) really think like a human. 7 example, scientist James White thinks that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are. But many 8 (science) disagree with Mr. White. They think that robots will even be able to talk like humans in 25 to 50 years. Some scientists believe that there will be 9 (many) robots in the future. However, they agree it may take hundreds of years. These new robots will have many different shapes. Some will look like humans, and 10 (other) might look like animals. This was not possible 20 years ago, but computers and rockets also seemed impossible 100 years ago. We never know what will happen in the future! 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 4 Inventions 核心语法精练（形容词的原级、比较级和最高级） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、形容词的原级结构运用 1 二、形容词的比较级和最高级不规则变化 2 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 2 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 6 三、完成句子 9 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 一、语法选择 11 二、语法填空 14 一、形容词的原级结构运用 用法 例句 肯定句中常用“as+形容词原级+as”的结构，表示“……(前者) 和……(后者)一样……”。 Jim is as tall as Mike.吉姆和迈克一样高。 在否定句中，可用“not so/as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“…… (前者)不如……(后者)那样……”。 My handwriting is not so/as beautiful as yours. 我的字不如你的漂亮。 倍数表达用“倍数+as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“……是……的几倍……”。 This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。 “(not) as many + 复数名词 + as” 和 “(not) as much + 不可数名词 + as” 表示数量或程度，意为 “和……(不) 一样多的……”。 I have as many stamps as my sister. 我和我妹妹拥有一样多的邮票。 He doesn't spend as much money as his wife. 他花的钱没有他妻子多。 as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as sb. can/could” 意为 “某人尽可能……”，等同于 “as + 形容词 / 副词原级 + as possible” 。 The athlete is running as fast as he can in the race. 这位运动员在比赛中尽可能快地奔跑。 二、形容词的比较级和最高级不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least old older/elder oldest/eldest far farther/further farthest/furthest 注意： （1）farther 和 further farther 和 further 都可表示 “更远的” ，但 further 还可用于表示 “更进一步的”“更多的” 等抽象含义。 • 表示距离 “更远的” ◦ farther：The village is farther than it looks.这个村庄比看起来要远。 ◦ further：The sun is much further from the earth than the moon.太阳离地球比月亮离地球远得多。 • 表示抽象含义 “更进一步的”“更多的” （只能用 further ） ◦ We need to do further research on this topic.我们需要对这个课题做进一步的研究。 For further details, please visit our website.欲知更多详情，请访问我们的网站。 （2）elder 和 eldest elder 和 eldest 主要用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系。 My elder brother is a doctor.我的哥哥是一名医生。 Her eldest son is studying abroad.她的长子在国外留学。 一、单项选择 1.The new science book is not as ________ as the old one. A．interesting B．interest C．interested D．more interesting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本新的科学书不如那本旧的有趣。 考查形容词辨析和“as+形容词原形+as”用法。interesting有趣的，形容词，常用来形容事物；interest兴趣、爱好、使感兴趣，可作名词或动词；interested感兴趣的，形容词，通常用来形容人；more interesting更有趣的，比较级。根据“The new science book is not as...as the old one.”可知，句中“not as...as”表示“不如……”，中间用形容词或副词的原级，句中说的是“book”，是物，所以用“interesting”来形容。故选A。 2.The blue one is not as ________ as the brown one. So I prefer the brown one. A．bad B．worse C．good D．better 【答案】C 【详解】句意：蓝色的那个不如棕色的好。所以我更喜欢棕色的。 考查形容词原级。“not as+形容词原级+as”意为“不如”，根据“So I prefer the brown one.”可知，蓝色的不如棕色的好，此次用形容词原级，所以用good。故选C。 3.Children have to pick up ________ they can in the game. A．as much orange as B．so many oranges as C．as much orange as D．as many oranges as 【答案】D 【详解】句意：孩子们必须在游戏中捡起尽可能多的橙子。 考查as…as以及形容词辨析。as +形容词原级+as…，意为“和……一 样……”，也可以加入名词，即：as +形容词+名词+as…，意为“和……一样多的某物”；so...as...专用于否定句。根据“Children have to pick up … they can in the game.”可知，本句为肯定句，因此排除B项；many许多，修饰可数名词复数形式；much许多，修饰不可数名词；oranges“橙子”，可数名词复数形式，应用many修饰。故选D。 4.Mrs. Black didn’t buy as ________ bread and milk as Mrs. White did. A．more B．most C．many D．much 【答案】D 【详解】句意：布莱克太太没有怀特太太买那么多面包和牛奶。A. more更多，much/many的比较级；B. most最多，many/much的最高级；C. many形容词，很多的，修饰可数名词复数；D. much形容词或副词，很多，作形容词时，修饰不可数名词。根据句意可知，本句为as…as…引导的原级比较的句子，中间使用形容词或副词的原级；bread and milk不可数名词，所以使用much修饰。故选D。 5.John jumped ________  of all, so he won the game, A．far B．farther C．the farthest D．farer 【答案】C 【详解】句意：约翰跳得最远，所以他赢了这场比赛。A. far副词，远；B. farther比较级，较远；C. the farthest最高级，最远；D. farer名词，旅行者，不是far的比较级。根据后文of all在一个范围内比较，形容词或副词需要使用最高级形式。故选C。 6.—How can I improve my English? —I think you should read more. The more you read in English, ________ your English will get. A．the better B．the best C．the worse D．the worst 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我该如何提高英语？——我认为你应该多阅读。你读的英语越多，你的英语就会越好。 考查比较级。the better更好；the best最好；the worse更差；the worst最差。根据“The more you read in English”可知，该句采用“The+比较级…， the+比较级…”句式，排除选项B和D；根据“I think you should read more.”可知，建议多阅读，说明读得越多，英语会越好。故选A。 7.—Why did your grandparents move to the countryside, Lily? —Because the air there is much ________. A．good B．well C．better D．best 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Lily，你的祖父母为什么搬到农村去了？——因为那里的空气好得多。 考查形容词比较级。good好的；well好地；better更好的；best最好的。根据“move to the countryside”和“Because the air there is much ...”可知，此处是把农村的空气和其他地方的空气作比较，要用形容词比较级better。故选C。 8.Most students hopes to have ________ homework and ________ free time on weekends. A．more; fewer B．less; more C．fewer; more D．more; much 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大多数学生希望周末有较少的作业和更多的空闲时间。 考查比较级用法。more更多，为much或many的比较级；fewer更少，修饰可数名词；less更少，修饰不可数名词；much多，原级，修饰不可数名词。根据“Most students hopes to have...homework and...free time on weekends.”可知，大多数学校希望作业更少，空闲时间更多。故两个空处均需比较级。homework为不可数名词，需less修饰；free time为不可数名词，需比较级more修饰。故选B。 9.This apple is ________ that one. A．three times as bigger as B．as big three times as C．three times as big as D．as big as three times 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个苹果是那个苹果的三倍大。 考查倍数的表达。根据“This apple is ... that one.”及选项可知，此处考查倍数的表达，其结构为：倍数+as+形容词原级+as。故选C。 10.Tom is ________ than Jack, so he makes ________ mistakes than Jack. A．careful; few B．more careful; fewer C．careful; fewer D．more careful; few 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Tom比Jack更细心，所以他犯的错误比Jack少。 考查形容词的比较级。careful仔细的；more careful更仔细的，比较级；few少的；fewer更少的，比较级。根据“than”可知两个空格都应用形容词比较级形式，故选B。 11．Playing basketball is ________ dangerous than swimming. A．very B．more C．better D．much 【答案】B 【详解】句意：打篮球比游泳更危险。 考查形容词比较级变化规则。根据than可知形容词应用比较级形式，dangerous的比较级为more dangerous。故选B。 12.The weather in Guangzhou is getting ________ and ________ these days. It’s really uncomfortable. A．hotter; wetter B．hottest; wettest C．the hottest; the wettest D．more hot; more wet 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这几天广州的天气越来越热，越来越潮湿。这真的很不舒服。 考查比较级。根据“The weather in Guangzhou is getting...these days”可知天气变得更热、更潮湿，故两个空都用比较级hotter，wetter。故选A。 13．Don’t just believe (相信) the advertisement. This kind of book is ______ it says. A．as good as B．not so good as C．as well as D．not as well as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要只相信广告。这种书不如它所说的那么好。 考查词汇辨析。good好的，形容词；well好地，副词。根据“This kind of book is...”可知，此处应用形容词作表语，放在系动词is的后面，故排除C和D。根据“Don’t just believe (相信) the advertisement.”可知，此处表示没有它所说的那样好，not as+形容词原级+as“不如……一样……”。故选B。 14.—Bill, you’re standing too near to the TV. Could you move a little _________? —ОК, Mom. A．closer B．farther C．slower D．earlier 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——比尔，你站得离电视太近了。你能再挪远一点吗？——好的，妈妈。 考查形容词辨析。closer更近；farther更远；slower更慢；earlier更早。根据“Bill, you’re standing too near to the TV.”可知，妈妈让比尔离电视远一点，故选B。 15.________ careful you are, ________ mistakes you’ll make. A．The more; the less B．The fewer; the more C．The more; the fewer D．The fewer; the less 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。 考查形容词比较级的用法。“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”句型，表示“越……，越……”。前半句“careful”是形容词，用“the more”修饰；后半句“mistakes”是可数名词复数，用“the fewer”修饰。故选C。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1．I want to become as (success) as you. 【答案】successful 【详解】句意：我想变得和你一样成功。考查形容词作表语。空前“become”为系动词，因此名词“success”需要变为形容词“successful成功的”，作表语；as...as意为“和……一样”，中间为形容词或副词的原级形式。故填successful。 2．My father is not so (friend) as my mother. He is more serious. 【答案】friendly 【详解】句意：我的父亲不像我的母亲那样友好。他更加严肃。此处考查“not so+形容词原级+as”固定结构，表示“不如……那样”，friend的形容词是friendly，表示“友好的”。故填friendly。 3．During the vacation, we take as many photos as . (possible) 【答案】possible 【详解】句意：在假期里，我们拍了尽可能多的照片。possible“可能的”，as...as possible“尽可能……”，故填possible。 4．I plan to have more fruit and vegetables and (little) sugar. 【答案】less 【详解】句意：我计划多吃水果和蔬菜，少吃糖。“little”在这里修饰名词“sugar”，作定语。由前文的“more”可知，此处应用“little”的比较级“less”，表示对比。故填less。 5．Rules can help me become a (good) person than before. 【答案】better 【详解】句意：规则能帮助我成为一个比以前更好的人。空处位于“person than before”前，填形容词比较级作定语。good“好的”，形容词，比较级为better“更好的”。故填better。 6．Mr Fat is not happy because he has (much) money than me, but he has (few) friends than me. 【答案】 more fewer 【详解】句意：Fat先生不开心，因为他比我有更多的钱，但有比我更少的朋友。根据“than”可知，空处均需用比较级形式，much的比较级是more；few的比较级为fewer。故填more；fewer。 7．Many parents plan to send their children to New York for (far) study. 【答案】further 【详解】句意：许多父母计划送他们的孩子去纽约深造。根据“Many parents plan to send their children to New York for...study.”可知，此处表示“进一步的学习”，far的比较级further可以表示“更进一步的，深层的”，常用于further study，意为“深造”。而far的另一个比较级farther主要表示距离上的“更远”。故填further。 8．Tom performed (bad) in the math test in his class. 【答案】worst/the worst 【详解】句意：汤姆在班级的数学测试中考得最差。根据“in his class”可知，此处应用最高级；空处修饰动词，需用副词badly，其最高级为worst，副词的最高级前定冠词the可以省略。故填(the)worst。 9．Even (bad), the team’s best player hurt her foot badly. 【答案】worse 【详解】句意：更糟糕的是，这个队最好的球员把她的脚严重弄伤了。根据“Even…, the team’s best player hurt her foot badly.”及所给单词bad可知，even常用来修饰比较级，加强语气，表示程度上的递进。bad的比较级是worse，even worse表示“更糟糕的是”，符合语境。故填worse。 10．The boy has the (little) milk of the three. 【答案】least 【详解】句意：这个男孩在三个人中拥有最少的牛奶。空处位于“milk of the three”前，填形容词最高级作定语。little“少的”，形容词，最高级为least。故填least。 11．All the students in my class make kites, and I think Tom’s is the (good). 【答案】best 【详解】句意：我班所有学生都做风筝，我认为汤姆的是最好的。根据“All the students in my class”和空前“the”可知，空处用形容词最高级形式，good的最高级是best。故填best。 12.用older或 elder填空。 ①My younger brother is 7 and my brother is 12. ②Tom is than any other student in his class. 【答案】①．elder ②．older 【解析】①句意：我弟弟7岁，哥哥12岁。根据“brother”可知，elder指“年长的”，常修饰人，用来表示出生顺序的前后和年龄的长幼，常作定语，故填elder。 ②句意：汤姆比他班上任何一个学生都大。根据“than any other student”可知，此处是“年龄的比较”，older符合句意，故填older。 13．We know the Changjiang River is the river in China. (long) 【答案】longest 【详解】句意：我们知道长江是中国最长的河流。根据“We know the Changjiang River is the...river in China. (long)”和常识可知，长江是中国最长的河流，空处应是最高级形式longest。故填longest。 14．They found that the monkey was (clever) of all the animals. 【答案】the cleverest 【详解】句意：他们发现这只猴子是所有动物中最聪明的。根据“of all the animals”可知，这是在多个动物中进行比较，表示三者或三者以上的比较，要用形容词的最高级形式。clever“聪明的”，形容词，其最高级形式为cleverest，且形容词最高级前通常需要加定冠词the。故填the cleverest。 15．I hope everyone can be much (happy) in the future. 【答案】happier 【详解】句意：我希望每个人将来都能更快乐。much修饰比较级，因此空处填happy的比较级happier。故填happier。 三、完成句子 1．你的书包和我的一样大。 Your schoolbag is ______________ mine. 【答案】 as big as 【详解】as…as 表示“和……一样……”；big“大的”，形容词。故填as；big;as。 2．孩子们做的家务越多，他们将成长得越好。 housework children do, they will grow. 【答案】 The more the better 【详解】对照中英文，设空处可用“the+比较级，the+比较级”的用法，more“更多”；better“更好”。故填The more；the better。 3.露西认为长城不如颐和园有趣。 Lucy thought the Great Wall is the Palace Museum. 【答案】 not as/so interesting as 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，空格处为“不如……有趣”；有趣的：interesting；不如……一样：not as/so...as，中间形容词原级。故填not as/so interesting as。 镇上最差的服装店是哪一个？ 4.Which is clothes store in town? 【答案】 the worst 【详解】空处表示“最差的”，用形容词最高级worst修饰名词短语clothes store，最高级前常与从冠词the连用。故填the；worst。 5．最好的电影院是什么？ What’s movie theater? 【答案】 the best 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，the best表示“最好的”，形容词最高级结构。故填the；best。 6．在贵州，丝娃娃是最受欢迎的小吃之一。 In Guizhou, Siwawa is one of the snacks. 【答案】 most popular 【详解】根据题干，可知考查句子结构：one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“最……之一”。popular的最高级形式是the most popular．故填most popular。 7．在去年的阅读周期间，我读的书最多。 I read books during last year’s Reading Week. 【答案】the most 【详解】根据中英文对照，空格处缺“最多”。“最多”对应的英文是“the most”，在句中修饰可数名词“books”，表示数量上的最高级。由于句子中有“during last year’s Reading Week”的范围限定，且“最多”是形容词最高级，前面需要加定冠词the。故填the most。 8．在这次物理竞赛中，琳达犯的错误最少。 Linda made in this physics competition. 【答案】the fewest mistakes 【详解】根据题干可知，空处缺少“错误最少”，应用“the fewest”修饰名词复数mistakes“错误”。故填the fewest mistakes。 9．人工智能在我们的日常生活中发挥着越来越大的作用。 AI is playing a bigger and in our everyday life. 【答案】 bigger role 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“发挥着越来越大作用”，常用短语是“play a role in…”。bigger and bigger表示“越来越大”，role意为“作用，角色”。故填bigger；role。 10．你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。 The careful you are, the mistakes you’ll make. 【答案】 more fewer 【详解】根据题干可知，空处①是指“越仔细”，应用副词more修饰形容词careful；空处②是指“越少”，应用形容词fewer修饰名词mistakes。故填more；fewer。 一、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的A、B、C、D项中选出最佳选项。 The invention of the camera goes far into the past. In the 1500s, the cameras at that time only made pictures. 1 they didn’t find a way to make the pictures permanent (耐久的) 2 the early 1800s. Even then, photography 3 a new field. Most people had their family pictures 4 by a photographer. People did not own cameras 5 taking pictures and developing the film (冲洗胶卷) was too difficult. In 1884, George Eastman 6 a kind of film so that it fitted into a small camera. Because the new film was easy 7 , many people began to buy cameras. When they 8 their film, people returned their cameras to the factory. There, the film was developed, 9 pictures were printed. Taking pictures is very easy with the help 10 Eastman’s camera. Today’s cameras are even 11 to use, and people can put in their own film. Photography has become a 12 hobby. There 13 also many new jobs in the field of photography. One of the most important kinds 14 work is in news reporting. Newspapers, magazines, and television all need pictures 15 their stories. People find new uses for the camera every day. 1．A．But B．Or C．And D．As 2．A．since B．on C．when D．until 3．A．was B．were C．is D．are 4．A．take B．took C．taken D．takes 5．A．when B．where C．because D．why 6．A．invent B．invented C．to invent D．inventing 7．A．use B．used C．to use D．using 8．A．had finished B．have finished C．has finished D．were finished 9．A．but B．or C．and D．after 10．A．for B．in C．at D．of 11．A．easy B．the easiest C．easier D．more difficult 12．A．grown B．growing C．grow D．grows 13．A．are B．is C．have D．has 14．A．at B．in C．on D．of 15．A．tell B．to tell C．telling D．told 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．D 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了相机和胶片的发展史，人们由没有相机变得负担得起相机。 1．句意：但直到19世纪初，他们才找到让这些照片永久保存的方法。 But但是；Or或者；And和；As当……时。根据“In the 1500s, the cameras at that time only made pictures.”和“they didn’t find a way to make the pictures permanent”可知，上文描述了那时候的照相机能拍照片，下文描述了拍出来的图片不能久存，为转折关系。故选A。 2．句意：但直到19世纪初，他们才找到让这些照片永久保存的方法。 since自从；on在……上面；when当……时；until直到。not ... until直到……才。故选D。 3．句意：即便那时，摄影还是一个新领域。 was一般过去时，单数；were一般过去时，复数；is一般现在时，单数；are一般现在时，复数。根据句中的时间状语“Even then”可知，本句应该用一般过去时；主语photography是单数。故选A。 4．句意：大多数人让他们的家庭照片由摄影师拍摄。 take动词原形；took过去式；taken过去分词；takes第三人称单数形式。根据“by a photographer”可知，须用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故选C。 5．句意：人们没有自己的相机，因为拍照和冲洗胶片太困难了。 when当……时；where在哪里；because因为；why为什么。根据“People did not own cameras”和“taking pictures and developing the film was too difficult.”可知，拍照和冲洗胶卷太困难时人们没有照相机的原因。所以，用because引导原因状语从句。故选C。 6．句意：1884年，乔治·伊士曼发明了一种可以放入小型相机的胶片。 invents一般现在时；invented一般过去时；will invent一般将来时；was inventing过去进行时。根据“In 1884”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，应用过去式。故选B。 7．句意：由于新胶卷易于使用，许多人开始购买相机。 use动词原形；used过去式或过去分词；to use动词不定式；using现在分词或动名词。根据空前的“easy”可知，须用动词不定式的主动形式，是一种主动形式表示被动的常见结构。故选C。 8．句意：当他们用完胶卷时，人们将相机归还给工厂。 had finished过去完成时；have finished现在完成时复数；has finished现在完成时单数；were finished一般过去时被动语态。主句中谓语动词returned为一般过去时，从句中谓语动词fnish的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，因此，从句中应该用过去完成时。故选A。 9．句意：在那里，冲洗胶卷，印制照片。 but但是；or或者；and和；after在……后。冲洗胶卷和印制照片是连续的两个动作应该用 and 来连接。故选C。 10．句意：在伊士曼相机的帮助下，拍照非常容易。 for为了；in在……里面；at在；of……的。with the help of在……的帮助下。故选D。 11．句意：现在的照相机（与以前的照相机相比）更容易使用了。 easy容易的；the easiest最容易的，最高级；easier更容易的，比较级；easily容易地，副词。even用来修饰比较级，表示程度；本句省略了“than before”，是在和以前的照相机相比。故选C。 12．句意：摄影已成为一种日益增长的爱好。 grown成熟的，过去分词形容词；growing增长的，现在分词形容词；grow增加；grows增加，单数。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词，修饰名词 hobby，此处意为“日益增长的”。故选B。 13．句意：摄影领域也有许多新工作。 are是，主语是复数/第二人称；is是，主语是单数/不可数名词；have有，动词原形；has有，动词三单。句子是there be句型，不与have/has连用；且主语new jobs是复数，应用be动词are。故选A。 14．句意：最重要的工作之一是新闻报道。 at在；in在……里面；on在……上面；of……的。a kind of一种……，修饰名词。故选D。 15．句意：报纸，杂志和电视都需要图片来讲述他们的故事。 tell告诉；to tell告诉，不定式；telling告诉，动名词/现在分词；told告诉，过去式。分析句子结构可知，此处为不定式作目的状语；need sth. to do sth.需要某物来做某事。故选B。 二、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，根据提示词或上下文意思，在空白处填入正确的单词，一空一词。 When we watch movies about the future, we sometimes see robots. They are usually like human servants. They help with the housework and do jobs like working in dirty or 1 (danger) places. Today there are already robots working in 2 (factory). Some can help to build cars, and they do simple jobs over 3 over again. Fewer people will do such jobs in the future because they are boring, but robots will never get bored. Scientists are now 4 (try) to make robots look like humans and do the same things as we do. Some robots in Japan can walk and dance. 5 , some scientists believe that although we can make robots move like people, it will be difficult to make 6 (they) really think like a human. 7 example, scientist James White thinks that robots will never be able to wake up and know where they are. But many 8 (science) disagree with Mr. White. They think that robots will even be able to talk like humans in 25 to 50 years. Some scientists believe that there will be 9 (many) robots in the future. However, they agree it may take hundreds of years. These new robots will have many different shapes. Some will look like humans, and 10 (other) might look like animals. This was not possible 20 years ago, but computers and rockets also seemed impossible 100 years ago. We never know what will happen in the future! 【答案】 1．dangerous 2．factories 3．and 4．trying 5．However 6．them 7．For 8．scientists 9．more 10．others 【导语】分析本文主要介绍了机器人的功能与作用。 1．句意：它们帮助做家务，做像在肮脏或危险的地方工作这样的工作。分析句子结构可知，应填所给名词danger形容词形式dangerous“危险的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词。故填dangerous。   2．句意：如今，已经有机器人在工厂工作了。根据常识可知，使用机器人的肯定不止一个工厂，所以填所给名词factory“工厂”的复数形式factories。故填factories。 3．句意：有些可以帮助制造汽车，它们一遍又一遍地做简单的工作。over and over again“反复、再三”。故填and。 4．句意：科学家们现在正试图让机器人看起来像人类，做和我们一样的事情。根据“are now”可知，应填所给动词try的现在分词是trying，和前面的“are”构成现在进行时。故填trying。 5．句意：然而，一些科学家认为，尽管我们可以让机器人像人一样移动，但很难让它们真正像人一样思考。前文提到有些机器人能走路跳舞，后文说很难让机器人像人类一样思考，前后是转折关系，且空格后有逗号，所以用副词however“然而”，句首首字母大写。故填However。 6．句意：然而，一些科学家认为，尽管我们可以让机器人像人一样移动，但很难让它们真正像人一样思考。分析句子结构可知，应填所给人称代词they的宾格形式them“它们”，作动词make的宾语。故填them。 7．句意：例如，科学家詹姆斯·怀特认为机器人永远无法醒来并知道它们在哪里。for example“例如”，用于举例说明，句首首字母大写。故填For。 8．句意：但许多科学家不同意怀特先生的观点。根据“disagree with Mr. White.”和所给单词可知，此空意为“科学家”；scientist“科学家”，根据空前的“many”可知，应用复数形形式scientists，作主语。故填scientists。 9．句意：一些科学家认为，未来会有更多的机器人。根据“in the future”可知，应填所给单词many的比较级形式more“更多的”，和现在进行比较。故填more。 10．句意：有些看起来像人类，而其他可能看起来像动物。some... and others...“一些……另一些……”。故填others。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$