专题07 语法填空(状语从句）-2025年高二英语暑假作业（语法填空）

2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之状语从句07 一. 状语从句 在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫作状语从句。时间状语从句的主句如果是一般将来时（一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词），则从句用一般现在时，特别注意主语是单数第三人称的时候；如果主句是一般过去时态，则从句也用相应的过去时态。 状语从句基本考点： 1. 时间状语从句 (1) when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。常考的句型： ①be about to do…when=be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…这时突然...... 例如：I was about to go out when it began to rain.（我正要出去，这时候天突然开始下雨。） ②be doing…when…正在做…这时突然...... 例如：I was doing my homework when someone knocked at the door.（我正在做作业，这时有人敲门。） ③had just done …when 刚做完…这时突然...... 例如：I had arrived home when the phone rang.（我刚到家，电话就响了。） (2) while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。 (3) as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边……一边……；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。 (4) as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，the second，以上这些从属连词引导的时间状语从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。 注意：no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely/barely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely/barely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely/barely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 (5)since“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句。常用句型：It is (has been) /was＋一段时间＋since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时) (6)before“在……之前；还未……就……；还没来得及……就……”引导时间状语从句。如：He fell off his bike before I got up.(我来不及站起来，他就从他的自行车上摔了下来。) 常用句型：It will be＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。 (7)until/till 若主句为肯定句，谓语用延续性动词，意为“直到……为止”；若主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词，即not……until/till，意为“直到……才”。 (8) 一些含有time的名词短语，如every time，each time，next time，by the time，the first time，the last time等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。例如： The last time I saw him, he was playing by the river.(我最后一次看见他时，他正在河边玩。) 2. 条件状语从句 (1)通常由if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。 (2)由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”， supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导条件状语从句。 (3)条件状语从句的主句如果是一般将来时（一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词），则从句用一般现在时，特别注意主语是单数第三人称的时候。例如：Once you see him, you will never forget him.（一旦你见到他，你就永远不会忘记他。） 3. 地点状语从句 (1)通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 (2) where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。 where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如：状语从句 Put your coat where it was.(把大衣放在以前它在的地方。) ；定语从句 This is the hospital where my father once worked.(这就是我父亲曾经工作过的医院。) 3. 原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导。 4. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”， as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引导。 5. 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以免，以防”等。从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词。 6. 结果状语从句 引导词：so...that...“如此......以致于......”，其中so修饰形容词或副词；such...that...“如此......以致于......”，其中such修饰的中心词是名词。特别注意：so+表示数量的词（many/much/few/little）+名词，其中little的意思是“少的”。例如：Ann is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（安是一位好老师，每个人都钦佩她。）；There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.（大厅里有那么多人，我很难找到他。） 7. 比较状语从句 引导词：as...as.../not as（so）...as.../than。例如：　The busier he is, the happier he feels.（他越忙越高兴。） 8. 让步状语从句 引导词： (1)though/although/while 例如：Though/Although she is very pretty,she is not clever.（虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。） (2)as 连词as作“尽管”讲时，从句用部分倒装，这时候的as也可以用though来代替。例如：Young as he is，he often helps his mother with housework.（他虽然年轻，却经常帮妈妈做家务。） (3)even if/even though“即使” 例如：Even if he had the money， he wouldn’t buy it.（即使他有钱，他也不会买。） (4)however；wh - ever；no matter who（what，when，...）例如：Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.（不管你说什么，我都不会改变主意。） (5)whether...or...“无论......还是......” 例如：Whether he passes or fails, this is his last chance.（不管他通过还是失败，这是他最后的机会。） 【跟踪练习】 1. ______ you think it over, please let me know what you decide. 2. I met Mary _____ I was walking along the street. 3. Tom was playing computer games _____ his mother found him. 4. We talked ______ we walked along. 二. 高考真题体验 _____ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river. (2020全国卷III) 三. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 One of the bigger misunderstandings about China’s tech market is that China is all about copying and stealing ideas. But if that was ever the case, it___1___(certain) isn’t now. China entrepreneurs (企业家)___2___ (prove) that they can innovate (创新).In fact, they’ve become so good at ___3___ that the West is now copying their ideas. Here are a few examples. Facebook borrowed some ideas___4___WeChat’s messaging app when ___5___U. S. social media giant introduced group chats and private messaging. In bike-sharing, a similar transfer occurred. LmeBike copied China’s two major bike-sharing ___6___(company) , Ofo and Mobike. China gained an advantage by being able to leapfrog (跳过， 避开) some older,___7___(west) technologies and go straight to new tech such as QR codes, to electric vehicles, to high-speed trains, to mobile payments, and superapps that combine all these functions.We are entering a new stage____8____ separate universes are being created. This____9____(cause) by China’s fast rise, and a ___10___ (grow) gap between the U. S. and China on technology innovations that matter for the future. 2 I'm a Muslim. Once I was eating at a restaurant, where there was a father ___1___ （seat)next to my desk with his two girls. I ___2___（overhear)their conversation. The girls were ___3___（constant)asking about everything and anything. And I was fascinated by their ___4___（curious). One of the girls looked at me and asked," Daddy, why is she wearing that way?" Her dad responded ___5___ something that made my heart so warm. He said," There are different religions, cultures and languages. We have to respect and learn about them. "He then went on ___6___（share)his personal experience of living abroad and learning to speak Spanish. This reminded me of a Harvard study that I had read about. Children who ___7___（expose)to racism tend to accept and embrace ___8___as young as age 3,and in just a matter of days. Only at that time did I realize the importance of the way we teach children about love, acceptance, understanding and respect. It should start from an early age. The ___9___（early),the better. Kids imitate their parents' views and behaviour. It is you ___10___are their role model. 3 In August 2014, paleoanthropologist (古人类学家)Yingqi Zhang and his team went down into a sinkhole on the hunt for Gigantopithecus, the largest known primate(灵长类动物)to ever live. They came back out with a mix of bones from the unfortunate ___1___ (creature) that had fallen into the natural "death trap". None of those bones belonged to the extinct ape, but the team was in for a surprise: The mix included a 22,000-year-old lower jaw from ___2___ ancient panda. And within its worn edges, the jaw contained ___3___ is now the world’s oldest sample of panda DNA. Moreover, the genetic evidence ___4___ (show) that the bone comes from a ___5___ (previous) unknown lineage of giant panda. This animal may have been specifically adapted to ___6___ (live) in its subtropical home, suggesting that the black-and-white beasts were once much ___7___ (diverse) than they are today, the authors argue in a paper ___8___ (publish) in the journal Current Biology. While the ___9___ (conclude) about panda diversity is probably not revolutionary, the team's work collecting ancient DNA from the degraded fossils is ___10___ great significance. 4 Few words ___1___ (speak) more often every day on the streets of Britain than “I’m sorry”. This phrase has become such a common ____2____ (respond) that it has taken on a lot of meanings. Sorry means to apologize. This is simple and easy to understand. But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a ___3___ (culture) expression. Imagine this: a man walks down the street, ____4____ (look) down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, toward the man. She sees him, but she can’t get out of the way in time. The man ___5___ (knock) into the woman. Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was he who wasn’t looking ___6___ he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common ____7____both to apologize. Other times ___8___ may sound funny to hear “sorry”. Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: “sorry, but can I order another drink?” It is not to apologize, ____9____ just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn’t always mean ___10___ (exact) what you think. 5 Like many young children, Vikas Jyani dreamed of _____1_____ (be) a pilot as a boy. Living in a small village called Sarangpur in Hisar district, he did not let go of that dream and after years of struggle, ____2____ (succeed) in becoming a pilot. It was what he did after achieving his dream ____3____ would make headlines in the news. With his growing up, the elders in the village always encouraged him ____4____ (go) for his dreams. ____5____ turn, he promised that when he did become a pilot, he would take all of them together for a ride in a plane. And that was ____6____ (exact) what Vikas Jyani did when the time came. He arranged for plane ____7____ (ticket) for all the 22 elders over 70 years old in the village. The eldest was 90 years old, and the youngest was 72 years old, most of ___8___ had never been on a plane in their lives and never thought there was a ____9____ (possible) that they would take in the view from above the clouds. All the elders got to travel from New Delhi to Amritsar where they got to see the Golden Temple, Jallianwala Bagh and Wagah Border. Flying in a plane ____10____ (describe) as the best experience of their lives by many of the elders. 6 “A heavy ion (离子) cancer treatment system developed by Chinese researchers will soon be put into ____1____ (operate) in northwest China’s Gansu Province, ” researchers said. The system will be used in a hospital in Lanzhou, capital of Gansu, ____2____ is mainly devoted to treating cancer patients with the technology of heavy-ion accelerators. Cancer radiation treatments ____3____ (employ) heavy-ion accelerators can attack ____4____ target with high-energy electrons (电子) to kill cancer cells. Compared to traditional therapy (治疗) such as radiation, heavy ion treatment ____5____ (consider) to have more balanced properties with ____6____ (little) radiation on healthy cells. The treatment period is shorter, ____7____ the therapy could more ____8____ (effect) control cancer cells, according to Wang Xiaohu, deputy director of the Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital. Researchers with the Institute of Modern Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences started basic research ____9____ the technology in 1993 and developed the accelerators in 2015. A report published by the National Cancer Center in 2017 showed that China has nearly 25 percent of the world’s new cancer cases, with 10, 000 cancer patients ____10____ (add) per day. Every year, there are two million cancer-induced deaths. Lung, breast and stomach cancers are the most common types. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年高二暑假作业——语法填空提分亮点之状语从句07 一. 状语从句 在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫作状语从句。时间状语从句的主句如果是一般将来时（一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词），则从句用一般现在时，特别注意主语是单数第三人称的时候；如果主句是一般过去时态，则从句也用相应的过去时态。 状语从句基本考点： 1. 时间状语从句 (1) when 引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。常考的句型： ①be about to do…when=be on the point of doing…when… 正要做…这时突然...... 例如：I was about to go out when it began to rain.（我正要出去，这时候天突然开始下雨。） ②be doing…when…正在做…这时突然...... 例如：I was doing my homework when someone knocked at the door.（我正在做作业，这时有人敲门。） ③had just done …when 刚做完…这时突然...... 例如：I had arrived home when the phone rang.（我刚到家，电话就响了。） (2) while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。 (3) as引导时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边……一边……；随着”等意思，表示两个动作同时发生。 (4) as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the minute，the instant，the second，以上这些从属连词引导的时间状语从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。 注意：no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely/barely...when...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely/barely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely/barely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 (5)since“自从……以来”，引导时间状语从句。常用句型：It is (has been) /was＋一段时间＋since(从句用一般过去时/过去完成时) (6)before“在……之前；还未……就……；还没来得及……就……”引导时间状语从句。如：He fell off his bike before I got up.(我来不及站起来，他就从他的自行车上摔了下来。) 常用句型：It will be＋一段时间＋before...“多久之后才……”。 (7)until/till 若主句为肯定句，谓语用延续性动词，意为“直到……为止”；若主句为否定句时，谓语用非延续性动词，即not……until/till，意为“直到……才”。 (8) 一些含有time的名词短语，如every time，each time，next time，by the time，the first time，the last time等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。例如： The last time I saw him, he was playing by the river.(我最后一次看见他时，他正在河边玩。) 2. 条件状语从句 (1)通常由if“如果”， unless“如果不；除非”，as (so) long as“只要”，in case (that) “结果，万一”，once“一旦”，when“既然”等连词引导。 (2)由on condition (that)，provided (that)，providing (that) “倘若；假使”， supposing (that)，in case“如果”等引导条件状语从句。 (3)条件状语从句的主句如果是一般将来时（一般现在时、祈使句、含情态动词），则从句用一般现在时，特别注意主语是单数第三人称的时候。例如：Once you see him, you will never forget him.（一旦你见到他，你就永远不会忘记他。） 3. 地点状语从句 (1)通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 (2) where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。 where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。如：状语从句 Put your coat where it was.(把大衣放在以前它在的地方。) ；定语从句 This is the hospital where my father once worked.(这就是我父亲曾经工作过的医院。) 3. 原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because，since，as，now that，seeing (that)，considering that等引导。 4. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”， as if (though) “似乎，好像”等引导。 5. 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的连词主要有in order that，so that，for fear that “害怕，担心发生某事”， in case “以免，以防”等。从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词。 6. 结果状语从句 引导词：so...that...“如此......以致于......”，其中so修饰形容词或副词；such...that...“如此......以致于......”，其中such修饰的中心词是名词。特别注意：so+表示数量的词（many/much/few/little）+名词，其中little的意思是“少的”。例如：Ann is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.（安是一位好老师，每个人都钦佩她。）；There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him.（大厅里有那么多人，我很难找到他。） 7. 比较状语从句 引导词：as...as.../not as（so）...as.../than。例如：　The busier he is, the happier he feels.（他越忙越高兴。） 8. 让步状语从句 引导词： (1)though/although/while 例如：Though/Although she is very pretty,she is not clever.（虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。） (2)as 连词as作“尽管”讲时，从句用部分倒装，这时候的as也可以用though来代替。例如：Young as he is，he often helps his mother with housework.（他虽然年轻，却经常帮妈妈做家务。） (3)even if/even though“即使” 例如：Even if he had the money， he wouldn’t buy it.（即使他有钱，他也不会买。） (4)however；wh - ever；no matter who（what，when，...）例如：Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, I’ll never change my mind.（不管你说什么，我都不会改变主意。） (5)whether...or...“无论......还是......” 例如：Whether he passes or fails, this is his last chance.（不管他通过还是失败，这是他最后的机会。） 【跟踪练习】 1. ______ you think it over, please let me know what you decide. 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：在你仔细考虑之后，请告知我你的决定是什么。此处是after引导的时间状语从句，位于句首大写开头。故填After。 2. I met Mary _____ I was walking along the street. 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我在街上散步时遇见了玛丽。此处是as/when/while引导的时间状语从句。故填as/when/while。 3. Tom was playing computer games _____ his mother found him. 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：汤姆正在玩电脑游戏，这时他妈妈发现了他。固定句型：was/were doing sth. ...when...“正在做某事，这时候……”。故填when。 4. We talked ______ we walked along. 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我们边走边交谈着。此处是as引导的时间状语从句，表示同时进行的动作，意为“随着，一边……一边……”。故填as。 【答案】After as/when/while when as 二. 高考真题体验 _____ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river. (2020全国卷III) 【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：当他询问河岸边的村民他该去哪里才能找到那位传说中的艺术家时，他们微笑着指了指河的下游方向。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主从复合句，逗号前面为时间状语从句，表示“当...时”，且asked为短暂动词，首字母大写因此用When或As引导。 【答案】When/As 三. 优秀模拟试题之语法填空精选 1 One of the bigger misunderstandings about China’s tech market is that China is all about copying and stealing ideas. But if that was ever the case, it___1___(certain) isn’t now. China entrepreneurs (企业家)___2___ (prove) that they can innovate (创新).In fact, they’ve become so good at ___3___ that the West is now copying their ideas. Here are a few examples. Facebook borrowed some ideas___4___WeChat’s messaging app when ___5___U. S. social media giant introduced group chats and private messaging. In bike-sharing, a similar transfer occurred. LmeBike copied China’s two major bike-sharing ___6___(company) , Ofo and Mobike. China gained an advantage by being able to leapfrog (跳过， 避开) some older,___7___(west) technologies and go straight to new tech such as QR codes, to electric vehicles, to high-speed trains, to mobile payments, and superapps that combine all these functions.We are entering a new stage____8____ separate universes are being created. This____9____(cause) by China’s fast rise, and a ___10___ (grow) gap between the U. S. and China on technology innovations that matter for the future. 【答案】 1.certainly 2.have proven/proved 3.it 4.from 5.the 6.companies 7.western 8.where 9.is caused 10.growing 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述中国企业家已经证明了他们可以创新。事实上，他们已经变得如此擅长创新，以至于西方现在正在模仿他们的想法。 1. 考查副词。句意为：但如果过去真是这样的话，现在肯定不是了。修饰句子，所以用副词。故填certainly。 2. 考查时态。句意为：中国企业家已经证明了他们可以创新。表示截止到现在的情况，所以用现在完成时态，且主语为复数名词entrepreneurs。故填have proved。 3. 考查人称代词。句意为：事实上，他们已经变得如此擅长创新。设空处指代前面句子提到的事情，用it替代。故填it。 4. 考查介词。句意为：以下是几个例子。当美国社交媒体巨头Facebook引入群聊和私人信息时，Facebook借鉴了微信的一些想法。borrow sth from意为“向…借”。故填from。 5. 考查冠词。句意为：以下是几个例子。当美国社交媒体巨头Facebook引入群聊和私人信息时，Facebook借鉴了微信的一些想法。设空处特指美国社交媒体巨头，所以用定冠词。故填the。 6. 考查名词的数。句意为：LmeBike复制了中国两大自行车共享公司Ofo和Mobike。前面有two，所以用复数名词。故填companies。 7. 考查形容词。句意为：中国之所以获得优势，是因为它能够超越一些较旧的西方技术，直接进入新技术领域，作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词。故填western。 8. 考查定语从句。句意为：我们正在进入一个新的阶段，在这个阶段中，不同的宇宙正在被创造。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。 9. 考查语态一般现在时态的被动语态和主谓一致。句意为：这是由于中国的快速崛起，以及美国和中国在对未来至关重要的技术创新方面的差距越来越大。这里在描述一个客观事实，且主语和cause之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为this。故填is caused。 10. 考查现在分词。句意为：这是由于中国的快速崛起，以及美国和中国在对未来至关重要的技术创新方面的差距越来越大。设空处为非谓语动词，grow和它所修饰的词之间是主动分关系，所以用现在词作定语。故填growing。 2 I'm a Muslim. Once I was eating at a restaurant, where there was a father ___1___ （seat)next to my desk with his two girls. I ___2___（overhear)their conversation. The girls were ___3___（constant)asking about everything and anything. And I was fascinated by their ___4___（curious). One of the girls looked at me and asked," Daddy, why is she wearing that way?" Her dad responded ___5___ something that made my heart so warm. He said," There are different religions, cultures and languages. We have to respect and learn about them. "He then went on ___6___（share)his personal experience of living abroad and learning to speak Spanish. This reminded me of a Harvard study that I had read about. Children who ___7___（expose)to racism tend to accept and embrace ___8___as young as age 3,and in just a matter of days. Only at that time did I realize the importance of the way we teach children about love, acceptance, understanding and respect. It should start from an early age. The ___9___（early),the better. Kids imitate their parents' views and behaviour. It is you ___10___are their role model. 【答案】1.seated 2.overheard 3.constantly 4.curiosity 5.with 6.to share 7.are exposed 8.it 9.earlier 10.that/who 【解析】 1. 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：我是穆斯林。有一次我在一家餐馆吃饭，一位父亲和他的两个女儿坐在我的桌子旁边。所给词seat是动词，意为“使坐下，使就座”，和a father之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填seated。 2. 考查一般过去时态。句意：我无意中听到他们的谈话。根据上文的Once“曾经”，说明在描述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时。故填overheard。 3. 考查副词。句意：姑娘们什么事都问个不停。asking是动词，由副词修饰。故填constantly。 4. 考查词性转换。句意：我被他们的好奇心所吸引。设空前的their是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，curious的名词形式是curiosity。故填curiosity。 5. 考查介词。句意：她爸爸的回答让我的心很温暖。固定短语：respond with意为“回应”。故填with。 6. 考查动词不定式。句意：然后他继续分享他在国外生活和学习西班牙语的个人经历。此处表示“继续另一件事”，用go on to do sth.故填to share。 7. 考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：接触过种族主义的孩子往往会在3岁时接受并拥抱它，而且只需要几天的时间。该句在描述一个客观事实，且Children 和expose之间是被动关系，是一般现在时的被动语态，Children是复数形式。故填are exposed。 8. 考查it的用法。句意：接触过种族主义的孩子往往会在3岁时接受并拥抱它，而且只需要几天的时间。此处用it指代上文提到的racism。故填it。 9. 考查比较级。句意：越早越好。固定结构：The +比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，越……”。故填earlier。 10. 考查强调句型。句意：你才是他们的榜样。该句是强调句型，强调句子主语you，强调部分是人。故填that/who。 3 In August 2014, paleoanthropologist (古人类学家)Yingqi Zhang and his team went down into a sinkhole on the hunt for Gigantopithecus, the largest known primate(灵长类动物)to ever live. They came back out with a mix of bones from the unfortunate ___1___ (creature) that had fallen into the natural "death trap". None of those bones belonged to the extinct ape, but the team was in for a surprise: The mix included a 22,000-year-old lower jaw from ___2___ ancient panda. And within its worn edges, the jaw contained ___3___ is now the world’s oldest sample of panda DNA. Moreover, the genetic evidence ___4___ (show) that the bone comes from a ___5___ (previous) unknown lineage of giant panda. This animal may have been specifically adapted to ___6___ (live) in its subtropical home, suggesting that the black-and-white beasts were once much ___7___ (diverse) than they are today, the authors argue in a paper ___8___ (publish) in the journal Current Biology. While the ___9___ (conclude) about panda diversity is probably not revolutionary, the team's work collecting ancient DNA from the degraded fossils is ___10___ great significance. 【答案】1.creatures 2.an 3.what 4.shows 5.previously 6.living 7.more diverse 8.published 9.conclusion 10.of 【解析】 1. 考查名词复数。句意：他们带回了一些不幸的生物的骨头，这些生物落入了自然的“死亡陷阱”。根据上文的a mix of bones可知，后面的名词creature用复数形式。故填creatures。 2. 考查不定冠词。句意：其中包括22000年前一只古代熊猫的下颚。名词panda是可数名词，不是复数形式，结合句意应该是单数，且ancient是以元音音素开头的词。故填an。 3. 考查宾语从句。句意：在其磨损的边缘，颌骨包含了世界上最古老的熊猫DNA样本。动词contained后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，也缺少主语，所填连接词应其双重作用。故填what。 4. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：此外，遗传证据表明，这块骨头来自一个以前不为人知的大熊猫谱系。这里在描述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，且主语是evidence，单数第三人称。故填shows。 5. 考查副词。句意：此外，遗传证据表明，这块骨头来自一个以前不为人知的大熊猫谱系。空后的unknown事形容词，由副词修饰。故填previously。 6. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：作者在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出，这种动物可能特别适应了它在亚热带的生活，这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。动词短语adapt to“适应”，其中to是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填living。 7. 考查形容词比较级。句意：作者在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出，这种动物可能特别适应了它在亚热带的生活，这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。根据后面的连词than可知，设空处用比较级，形容词diverse的比较级是more diverse。故填more diverse。 8. 考查过去分词。句意：作者在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中指出，这种动物可能特别适应了它在亚热带的生活，这表明这种黑白相间的动物曾经比现在更加多样化。结合句意，所给词是非谓语动词，且a paper和publish之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故填published。 9. 考查词性转换。句意：虽然关于大熊猫多样性的结论可能不是革命性的，但研究小组从退化的化石中收集古代DNA的工作意义重大。分析句子结构，此处用名词作主语，conclude的名词是conclusion，再根据后面的谓语动词is，名词用单数形式。故填conclusion。 10. 考查介词。句意：虽然关于大熊猫多样性的结论可能不是革命性的，但研究小组从退化的化石中收集古代DNA的工作意义重大。be + of +名词相当于be + 形容词。故填of。 4 Few words ___1___ (speak) more often every day on the streets of Britain than “I’m sorry”. This phrase has become such a common ____2____ (respond) that it has taken on a lot of meanings. Sorry means to apologize. This is simple and easy to understand. But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a ___3___ (culture) expression. Imagine this: a man walks down the street, ____4____ (look) down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, toward the man. She sees him, but she can’t get out of the way in time. The man ___5___ (knock) into the woman. Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was he who wasn’t looking ___6___ he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common ____7____both to apologize. Other times ___8___ may sound funny to hear “sorry”. Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: “sorry, but can I order another drink?” It is not to apologize, ____9____ just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn’t always mean ___10___ (exact) what you think. 【答案】 1.are spoken2.response3.cultural4.looking5.knocks6.where7.for8.it9.but10.exactly 【解析】 1. 考查被动语态。句意：在英国的大街上，很少有比“对不起”说得更多的话了。分析句子成分可知，动词“speak”在句中作谓语，与主语“Few words”之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态：be+动词过去分词；主语“Few words”是复数，谓语也用复数；根据时间状语“every day”可知，时态为一般现在时，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are spoken。 2. 考查名词。句意：这个短语已经成为一种常见的回应，它被赋予了很多含义。such修饰名词。根据空前关键词a common，可知此空填名词，动词respond的名词形式是response。故填response。 3. 考查形容词。句意：它是一种文化表达。空后名词expression由形容词修饰，所给词culture的形容词是cultural。故填cultural。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：想象一下：一个男人走在街上，低头看他的手机。动词“look”在句中作非谓语，与逻辑主语“a man”之间是主动关系，应该用动词的现在分词形式。故填looking。 5. 考查动词时态。句意：这个男人撞到了这个女人。谁应该说对不起呢？由语境和上文动词形式“She sees him”可知，时态为一般现在时。故填knocks。 6. 考查宾语从句连接词。句意：自然，是这个男人应该说对不起，因为是他没有看路（他将要去哪里）。分析句子成分可知，“___6___ he was going”在句中作look的宾语，是宾语从句，设空处填where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 7. 考查固定结构。句意：然而在英国，双方都道歉是很常见的。句型it is +形容词+for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说，做某事是······”。此处符合句型结构it is +形容词+for sb. to do sth.。故填for。 8. 考查代词it。句意：其他时候听到“sorry”可能听起来很滑稽。句子真正的主语是“to hear “sorry””，此空作形式主语，应用it代替to do 不定式作形式主语。故填it。 9. 考查连词。句意：它不是道歉，而仅仅是表示我们需要服务生。固定结构not···but···意为“不是······而是······”。故填but。 10. 考查副词。句意：在英国，对不起并不总是和你想的完全一样。副词作状语，通常用来修饰动词、形容词、句子等。此空修饰宾语从句“what you think”，应用副词形式，形容词exact的副词是exactly。故填exactly。 5 Like many young children, Vikas Jyani dreamed of _____1_____ (be) a pilot as a boy. Living in a small village called Sarangpur in Hisar district, he did not let go of that dream and after years of struggle, ____2____ (succeed) in becoming a pilot. It was what he did after achieving his dream ____3____ would make headlines in the news. With his growing up, the elders in the village always encouraged him ____4____ (go) for his dreams. ____5____ turn, he promised that when he did become a pilot, he would take all of them together for a ride in a plane. And that was ____6____ (exact) what Vikas Jyani did when the time came. He arranged for plane ____7____ (ticket) for all the 22 elders over 70 years old in the village. The eldest was 90 years old, and the youngest was 72 years old, most of ___8___ had never been on a plane in their lives and never thought there was a ____9____ (possible) that they would take in the view from above the clouds. All the elders got to travel from New Delhi to Amritsar where they got to see the Golden Temple, Jallianwala Bagh and Wagah Border. Flying in a plane ____10____ (describe) as the best experience of their lives by many of the elders. 【答案】 1.being 2.succeeded 3.that 4.to go 5.In 6.exactly 7.tickets 8.whom 9.possibility 10.was described 【解析】 【导语】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是VikasJyani是一个小男孩的时候就想成为一名飞行员，经过多年的努力，最终梦想成真，他兑现了当年对村庄里长辈的承诺，让他们都实现了坐飞机的梦想。 1. 考查动名词作宾语。句意：和许多孩子一样，维卡斯·Jyani从小就梦想成为一名飞行员。固定搭配：dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，其中介词of后面用动名词作宾语。故填being。 2. 考查一般过去时态。句意：他住在Hisar区一个叫Sarangpur的小村庄，他没有放弃那个梦想，经过多年的奋斗，成功地成为了一名飞行员。根据and可知此处是并列的表示过去的谓语动词，句子用一般过去时态。故填succeeded。 3. 考查强调句型。句意：就是他在实现梦想后所做的事成了新闻头条。强调句型：Itis/was+强调部分+that+其他。此处强调句子主语“what he did after achieving his dream”。故填that。 4. 考查固定结构。句意：随着他的成长，村里的长辈总是鼓励他去追求自己的梦想。固定结构：encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”。此处是动词不定式作宾语补足语，故填to go。 5. 考查固定词组。句意：作为回报，他承诺当他成为一名飞行员时，他会带着他们一起乘飞机旅行。固定词组：in turn“反过来，转而”。故填In。 6. 考查副词。句意：时机一到，维卡斯·Jyani就这么做了。此处是副词修饰句子。故填exactly。 7. 考查名词复数。句意：他为村里22位70岁以上的老人安排了机票。ticket为可数名词，根据句中的all the 22 elders可知此处用名词复数。故填tickets。 8. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：最大的90岁，最小的72岁，他们中的大多数人都从未坐过飞机，也从未想过自己有可能从云层上欣赏美景。此处the 22 elders是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作介词of的宾语，介词后面的定语从句指人用whom，指物用which。故填whom。 9. 考查名词。句意：最大的90岁，最小的72岁，他们中的大多数人都从未坐过飞机，也从未想过自己有可能从云层上欣赏美景。不定冠词a用在名词前面，且名词后面是that引导的同位语从句。所给词possible是形容词，其名词形式是possibility。故填possibility。 10. 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：许多老人都把坐飞机形容为他们一生中最好的经历。此处句子主语是动名词短语作主语，单数第三人称形式，和谓语动词describe之间是被动关系，且这里在讲述一个过去发生的事情，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was described。 6 “A heavy ion (离子) cancer treatment system developed by Chinese researchers will soon be put into ____1____ (operate) in northwest China’s Gansu Province, ” researchers said. The system will be used in a hospital in Lanzhou, capital of Gansu, ____2____ is mainly devoted to treating cancer patients with the technology of heavy-ion accelerators. Cancer radiation treatments ____3____ (employ) heavy-ion accelerators can attack ____4____ target with high-energy electrons (电子) to kill cancer cells. Compared to traditional therapy (治疗) such as radiation, heavy ion treatment ____5____ (consider) to have more balanced properties with ____6____ (little) radiation on healthy cells. The treatment period is shorter, ____7____ the therapy could more ____8____ (effect) control cancer cells, according to Wang Xiaohu, deputy director of the Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital. Researchers with the Institute of Modern Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences started basic research ____9____ the technology in 1993 and developed the accelerators in 2015. A report published by the National Cancer Center in 2017 showed that China has nearly 25 percent of the world’s new cancer cases, with 10, 000 cancer patients ____10____ (add) per day. Every year, there are two million cancer-induced deaths. Lung, breast and stomach cancers are the most common types. 【答案】1. operation 2. which 3. employing 4. a 5. is considered 6. less 7. and 8. effectively 9. into/on 10. Added 【解析】 1. 考查名词。句意：研究人员表示：“中国研究人员开发的重离子癌症治疗系统将很快在中国西北部的甘肃省投入使用。” 分析可知，into 为介词，之后应接名词形式，put sth. into/on。故填operation。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：该系统将用于甘肃省省会兰州市的一家医院，该医院主要致力于用重离子加速器技术治疗癌症患者。分析可知，__2___ is mainly devoted to treating cancer patients with the technology of heavy-ion accelerators 应是之前名词 a hospital的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 3. 考查现在分词。句意：使用重离子加速器的癌症放射治疗可以用高能电子攻击目标杀死癌细胞。分析可知，句中谓语动词为can attack，所填动词应是非谓语作之前名词“cancer radiation treatments”的后置定语，且与其之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填employing。 4. 考查不定冠词。句意：使用重离子加速器的癌症放射治疗可以用高能电子攻击目标杀死癌细胞。target，意为“目标”，可数名词，之前应用不定冠词作限定词。故填a。 5. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：与传统治疗如放疗相比，重离子治疗被认为具有更平衡的特性，对健康细胞的辐射更少。分析可知，所填空为句中谓语部分，结合文章时态为一般现在时，且动词与主语之间为被动关系，应用be done结构。故填is considered。 6. 考查比较级。句意：与传统治疗如放疗相比，重离子治疗被认为具有更平衡的特性，对健康细胞的辐射更少。分析可知，结合句中的“more”提示本句含有比较含义。故填less。 7. 考查并列连词。句意：甘肃省肿瘤医院副院长王晓虎表示，这种疗法的疗程更短，而且可以更有效地控制癌细胞。分析可知，前后句为并列递进关系，可用并列连词and连接。故填and。 8. 考查副词。句意：甘肃省肿瘤医院副院长王晓虎表示，这种疗法的疗程更短，而且可以更有效地控制癌细胞。分析可知，所填空应是副词修饰句中谓语“control”。故填effectively。 9. 考查介词。句意：中国科学院现代物理研究所的研究人员于1993年开始了这项技术的基础研究，并于2015年开发了加速器。分析可知，“对……的研究”，research into/on sth/sb。故填into/on。 10. 考查过去分词。句意：国家癌症中心2017年发布的一份报告显示，中国的新增癌症病例占全球的近25%，每天新增1万名癌症患者。分析可知，所填空应with 复合结构：with sb./sth+v-ing/done。动词add 与之前名词cancer patients之间为被动关系。故填added。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$