内容正文:
第2讲 如何解读文本——读文有技法
一
找出文本要素,概括文章主旨
1.找出文本要素就是梳理记叙文的六要素,即人物(who)、时间(when)、地点(where)、事件(what)、原因(why)及预测怎样发展(how)。
2.浏览故事的第一段及每段的第一句话和最后一句话,抓住文本要素,确定故事主旨大意,为下面的情节分析做好准备和铺垫。
二
梳理已知段落,确定主要情节
在找出文本要素、概括文章主旨后,确定文章每个段落的情节,可按“开端—发展—高潮—结局”的思路作情节概括。
三
关注文章细节,理清两条线索
续写文本的故事通常由两条主线引导:一条是情节线;另一条是情感线。在阅读续写文本时,要关注文章的细节、关键信息点,理清两条线索。
1.情节线: 故事因情节的推动而发展,考生不仅要抓住故事发展的六大要素,还要关注故事情节发展之间的密切衔接,从而打造鲜活灵动的人物形象和丰富充实的情节链条。
2.情感线:人物情感变化是穿插在读后续写之中的。考生要领悟到原文中人物喜、怒、哀、乐等情感的变化,把握好情节发展线与情感变化线的同时进行。要运用不同情感色彩的细节描写突出人物的情感变化,让人物形象跃然纸上。
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)I met Gunter on a cold,wet and unforgettable evening in September.I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm,my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague.The moment I got off the plane,I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.
That was when I met Gunter.I told him where I was going,but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station.I thought my pronunciation was the problem,so I explained again more slowly,but he still looked confused.When I was about to give up,Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century,Gunter put his phone down and started the car.
Finally,with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.Thankfully,there was a long queue(队列) still waiting to board the bus.Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus,turned around,and looked at me with a big smile on his face.“We made it,” he said.
Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet.I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard.He tried it several times,but the card machine just did not play along.A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.
At this moment,Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station.There,at the entrance,was a cash machine.I jumped out of the car,made a mad run for the machine,and popped my card in,only to read the message: “Out of order.Sorry.”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
Paragraph 2:
Four days later,when I was back in Vienna,I called Gunter as promised.
1.找出文本要素,确定主旨大意
文本要素
when
a cold,wet and unforgettable evening in September
where
in Vienna—at a bus station
who
I,the taxi driver (Gunter)
what
The driver helped me get to the bus station,but I couldn't afford the fare.
why
I had zero cash in my wallet.
how
I kept my promise and ultimately paid the fare.(续写的方向)
主旨
大意
陌生出租车司机帮助作者赶到汽车站,结果作者由于忘带现金、取款机故障等原因无法支付出租车的费用。但作者信守诺言,最终返程后支付了车费,成就了一段美好的际遇
2.梳理已知段落,确定主要情节
段落结构
Para.1
作者前往布拉格参加会议,但暴风雨导致航班延误,下飞机时距离末班车发车仅剩30分钟,于是匆忙赶上出租车
Para.2
出租车司机Gunter决定开车送作者前往
Para.3
尽管时间紧迫,Gunter最终及时将作者送到公交车站
Para.4
作者没有现金,且银行卡支付车费失败
Para.5
去取款机取钱,但取款机也出现故障,无法使用
主要情节
beginning
(开端)
作者计划飞往维也纳,然后乘坐公交车前往布拉格参加会议。然而,由于暴风雨,航班延误,导致离末班车发车前仅有30分钟,这时他遇到了出租车司机Gunter。
development
(发展)
作者告诉Gunter他要去的地方,但Gunter不知道。经过一番努力后,Gunter找到了正确路线。最终,他们成功地赶到了公交车站。
climax
(高潮)
作者发现自己没有现金支付车费,而Gunter的出租车刷卡机也无法使用他的银行卡,公交车站内的取款机也出现了故障。
ending
(结局)
?
3.关注文章细节,理清两条线索
情节线
计划受阻,航班延误→时间紧迫,匆忙赶往公交车站→遇到司机Gunter,但Gunter不知道目的地→求助得到解决,成功在发车前到达→没有现金支付车费,且银行卡也无法使用→尝试使用取款机,但取款机也出现故障
情感线
焦虑与急迫→困惑与不安,Gunter不知道目的地→感激与希望,成功赶到公交车站→尴尬与无助,没有现金支付车费且银行卡也无法使用→绝望与期待,取款机也出现故障
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