Unit 4 The Senses（知识清单）英语沪教版2020选择性必修第一册

Unit 4 The Senses 单词 1. perceive：v. 感知；察觉；理解 2. poisonous：adj. 有毒的 3. prefer：v. 更喜爱；偏爱 4. impaired：adj. 受损的；有缺陷的 5. face：v. 面对；面临 n. 脸 6. mercy：n. 仁慈；怜悯；宽恕 7. imitation：n. 模仿；仿制品 8. ignore：v. 忽视；不理睬 9. insist：v. 坚持；坚称 10. keen：adj. 喜爱的；热衷的；敏锐的 11. appropriate：adj. 合适的；恰当的 12. approve：v. 赞成；同意；批准 13. witness：v. 目击；见证 n. 目击者 14. employ：v. 使用；应用；雇用 15. differ：v. 相异；不同于 16. favour：v. 较喜欢；有利于 n. 赞同 17. occupy：v. 占据；占用；使忙于 18. stare：v. 盯着看；凝视 n. 凝视 19. assess：v. 评估；评价 20. inquire：v. 询问；调查 短语 1. approve of：赞成；同意 2. witness to：证实；证明 3. differ from：与……不同 4. in favour of：同意；支持；赞成 5. break down：分解；（机器）损坏；（身体）垮掉 6. in other words：换句话说 7. occupy oneself with/indoing sth：忙于做某事；专心于做某事 8. stare at：凝视；盯着看 9. be faced with：面对 10. be keen on：喜爱 熟词生义 1. face：常见义为“脸”，作动词时表示“面对，面临”，如“face challenges”（面对挑战）。 2. favour：常见义为“帮助，恩惠”，作动词时可表示“较喜欢；有利于”，如“Sunny weather favours outdoor activities.”（晴朗的天气有利于户外活动）。 3. employ：常见义为“雇用”，还可表示“使用，应用”，如“employ new methods”（使用新方法）。 句型 1. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.：就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。 2. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate.：关键是要以一种合适的方式使用肢体语言。 3. If you are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.：如果你感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 4. While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.：尽管很容易察觉学生何时感兴趣、感到无聊或注意力分散，但有时要分辨学生何时有困扰却难得多。 5. It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.：他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。 语法 • 作宾语：有些动词后只能跟动词 -ing形式作宾语，如allow、advise、appreciate等。有些动词后既可跟动词 -ing形式，也可跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同，如like、love、prefer等。 • 作表语：一种表示主语的性质、特征和状态，相当于形容词；另一种具体说明主语的内容，主语和表语可互换。如“Seeing is believing.”（眼见为实），“The most important thing is getting there in time.”（最重要的是及时到达那里）。 一、词汇清单 1. detect • 教材原句：According to scientists, young people's taste buds, the small points on your tongue that detect the taste of food, are not ready for bitter taste of some vegetables. • 用法搭配：detect sth.（察觉某事/物），detect sb. doing sth.（察觉某人正在做某事）。 • 写作佳句：The sensor is designed to detect any changes in the temperature. 2. bitter • 教材原句：According to scientists, young people's taste buds, the small points on your tongue that detect the taste of food, are not ready for bitter taste of some vegetables. • 用法搭配：a bitter taste（苦味），bitter experience（痛苦的经历），be bitter about（对……感到痛苦）。 • 写作佳句：He has a bitter memory of the failure in the college entrance examination. 3. distinguish • 教材原句：You might be surprised to learn that our taste buds can only distinguish three more: salty, sour and umami. • 用法搭配：distinguish between A and B（区分A和B），distinguish A from B（把A与B区分开来）。 • 写作佳句：It is important to distinguish between facts and opinions. 4. sensitive • 教材原句：Girls have more sensitive taste buds and can differentiate flavours more easily, especially sweet and sour. • 用法搭配：be sensitive to（对……敏感），sensitive skin（敏感性皮肤）。 • 写作佳句：Plants are sensitive to environmental changes. 5. perceive • 教材原句：This is because our brain perceives the look or feel of something and sends a message to our tongue telling it not to like that food. • 用法搭配：perceive sth.（感知某事/物），perceive sb. as（把某人视为）。 • 写作佳句：We should learn to perceive the beauty of nature. 6. insist • 教材原句：They're often green, they can be crunchy, soft, cooked or raw and food experts insist they're highly beneficial to your health. • 用法搭配：insist on（doing）sth.（坚持做某事），insist that（坚持认为；坚决要求），后接宾语从句时，若表示“坚决要求”，从句用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。 • 写作佳句：She insisted on walking to the park, though it was far away. 7. prefer • 教材原句：When we reach our early teens, we start to prefer sour things to sweet things. • 用法搭配：prefer A to B（喜欢A胜过B），prefer doing A to doing B（宁愿做A事而不愿做B事），prefer to do sth.（宁愿做某事）。 • 写作佳句：I prefer reading books to watching TV in my spare time. 8. poisonous • 教材原句：They also realized that they had to be exceptionally careful with plants that had a bitter taste, since they were often poisonous. • 用法搭配：a poisonous snake（毒蛇），be poisonous to（对……有毒）。 • 写作佳句：Some mushrooms are poisonous to humans. 9. taste bud • 教材原句：According to scientists, young people's taste buds, the small points on your tongue that detect the taste of food, are not ready for bitter taste of some vegetables. • 用法搭配：通常用复数形式，与动词搭配如detect with taste buds（用味蕾察觉），develop taste buds（发育味蕾）。 • 写作佳句：Our taste buds play an important role in enjoying food. 10. exceptionall • 教材原句：They also realized that they had to be exceptionally careful with plants that had a bitter taste, since they were often poisonous. • 用法搭配：修饰形容词或副词，exceptionally good（特别好），exceptionally careful（格外小心）。 • 写作佳句：The athlete performed exceptionally well in the competition. 【经典练】单句语法填空 题目1：Girls are more sensitive ______ sweet flavours than boys. 题目2：He insisted that we ______ (start) the project at once. 题目3：It is hard for us to distinguish the twin brothers ______ each other. 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. 定义 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于系动词（be动词/感官系动词/变化系动词等）之后，补充说明主语的性质、状态、身份、内容等，核心结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句。 2. 引导词分类及用法 （1）从属连词（无实际意义，不充当从句成分，不可省略） • that：仅起连接作用，无含义，从句为陈述句时用。 例：The fact is that he has passed the exam.（事实是他通过了考试。） • whether：表“是否”，从句为一般疑问句时用，不可用if替换（表语从句中只能用whether）。 例：The question is whether we can finish the task on time.（问题是我们能否按时完成任务。） （2）连接代词（有实际意义，在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语/定语） • who/whom：表“谁”，who作主语，whom作宾语。 例：The problem is who will lead the team.（问题是谁会带领这个团队。） • whose：表“谁的”，作定语，后接名词。 例：The key is whose book this is.（关键是这是谁的书。） • what：表“什么/……的事物”，可作主语、宾语、表语。 例：My wish is what I can travel around the world.（我的愿望是能环游世界。） • which：表“哪一个/哪一些”，有选择范围，可作主语、宾语、定语。 例：The choice is which city we will live in.（选择是我们要住在哪个城市。） （3）连接副词（有实际意义，在从句中充当状语） • when：表“何时”，作时间状语；where：表“何地”，作地点状语；why：表“为何”，作原因状语；how：表“如何/多么”，作方式/程度状语。 例1：The reason is why he didn’t attend the meeting.（原因是他没参加会议。） 例2：The question is how we can improve our English quickly.（问题是我们如何能快速提高英语。） 3. 核心注意事项 1. 表语从句需用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），不可用疑问语序。 错误：The problem is how can we solve it. 正确：The problem is how we can solve it. 2. 当主语为reason时，表语从句常用that引导，不用because（because引导表语从句仅用于This/That is because...结构）。 错误：The reason for his absence is because he was ill. 正确：The reason for his absence is that he was ill. 3. 若表语从句表达“建议、命令、要求”等含义（如suggestion/proposal后的表语从句），需用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。 例：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.（我的建议是我们明天早点出发。） 【经典练】　 1. The truth is ______ he lied to us yesterday.（that/whether） 2. The main question is ______ we can get enough money for the project.（that/whether） 3. The problem is ______ will take charge of the company after the boss retires.（who/what） 4. My doubt is ______ book is more suitable for our English study.（which/whose） 5. The key is ______ we can finish the homework before 9 o’clock.（how/what） 6. This is ______ I lost my mobile phone last week.（where/when） 7. The reason why she cried is ______ she missed her parents very much.（that/because） 8. His dream is ______ he can become a famous doctor in the future.（what/that） 9. The confusion is ______ the meeting will be held—this Monday or next Monday.（which/when） 10. My advice is that we ______ （prepare）for the exam as early as possible.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 精准审题立意：拿到写作题目后，先明确与“感官”主题的关联，确定核心观点。比如题目是“描述一次独特的感官体验”，就要从视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉中选取重点，确定立意是分享这次体验带来的感悟或对生活的影响。比如写在海边清晨的感官体验，立意可以是大自然对心灵的治愈，“The unique sensory experience by the sea in the early morning has deeply healed my soul and made me cherish the beauty of nature more” 。 2. 搭建清晰结构： ◦ 总分总结构：开头引入主题，如“The world is a colorful and multi - sensory place, and one particular experience stands out in my memory” 。中间分述不同感官感受，“The moment I stepped into the flower garden, my eyes were greeted by a riot of colors (视觉). The sweet fragrance of various flowers filled my nostrils, making me feel refreshed (嗅觉). When I gently touched the soft petals, a sense of delicacy spread through my fingertips (触觉)” 。结尾总结升华，“This multi - sensory experience not only brought me joy at that moment but also taught me to appreciate the beauty of the world with all my senses” 。 ◦ 时间顺序结构：若描述一个过程中的感官变化，按时间顺序展开。比如写烹饪美食的经历，先写准备食材时看到新鲜食材的视觉感受和触摸食材的触觉感受，“As I took out the fresh tomatoes, their bright red color was so appealing, and when I held them in my hands, they felt firm and smooth” ；烹饪时听油的滋滋声、闻食物散发的香味，“Once the oil started to sizzle in the pan (听觉), the rich aroma of garlic and onions filled the kitchen (嗅觉)” ；最后品尝时的味觉感受，“The first bite of the dish was a burst of flavors in my mouth, a harmonious blend of sweet, sour, and savory (味觉)” 。 3. 丰富细节描写：运用细节使感官描写更生动。写听觉，“The soft melody of the piano flowed like a gentle stream, with each note dancing in the air, caressing my ears” ，用比喻描绘出钢琴声的轻柔美妙。写视觉，“The sunset painted the sky with a palette of warm colors, from fiery orange to deep purple, creating a breathtaking view” ，通过颜色描写展现日落美景。写嗅觉，“The freshly baked bread gave off a warm, yeasty smell that immediately made my mouth water” ，从感受角度突出面包香气诱人。 4. 多样语言表达： ◦ 词汇：积累与感官相关的丰富词汇，用“scintillating”（闪烁的）代替“shining”描述视觉，“ear - piercing”（刺耳的）代替“loud”形容听觉，“aromatic”（芳香的）代替“smelly”描述嗅觉等。 ◦ 句式：运用多种句式提升文采。用感叹句增强情感，“How wonderful it is to taste the first strawberry of the season!” ；用倒装句强调，“Not only did the beautiful scenery delight my eyes, but it also soothed my soul” ；用定语从句补充信息，“The concert, which was held in the open air, provided an unforgettable auditory experience” 。 5. 认真检查修改：完成写作后，检查语法错误，如名词单复数（“a slice of apples”错误，应为“a slice of apple” ）、动词形式（“He prefer...”错误，应为“He prefers...” ）；检查词汇拼写，像“perceive”不要错写成“percieve”；检查逻辑连贯性，确保段落和句子过渡自然，可适当添加“moreover”“however”“therefore”等连接词 。 【积累·写作素材】 1. 词汇： ◦ 感官动词：see（看见），watch（观看），observe（观察），hear（听见），listen（听），smell（闻），taste（尝），touch（触摸），feel（感觉） ◦ 描述感官感受：vivid（生动的），crisp（清脆的），pungent（刺鼻的），savory（可口的），silky（丝滑的），tingly（刺痛的），soothing（舒缓的） ◦ 与感官相关名词：scent（气味），aroma（芳香），flavor（味道），texture（质地），glimpse（一瞥），echo（回声） 2. 短语： ◦ 给某人留下深刻印象：leave a deep impression on sb. ◦ 沉浸于：be immersed in ◦ 对……敏感：be sensitive to ◦ 映入眼帘：come into sight ◦ 扑鼻而来：assail one's nostrils 3. 句式： ◦ It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. with one's senses：It is amazing for us to explore the world with our senses（用我们的感官探索世界对我们来说是令人惊叹的） 。 ◦ The moment... sb. feel/hear/see...：The moment I opened the window, I heard the chirping of birds（我打开窗户的那一刻，听到了鸟儿的啁啾声） 。 ◦ Not only... but also... with senses：Not only can we see the beauty of nature with our eyes, but we can also feel its magic with our hearts（我们不仅能用眼睛看到大自然的美丽，还能用心灵感受它的魔力） 。 【示例·分步写作】 例题：Write an essay about a memorable experience that involved at least three of your senses.（写一篇关于一次难忘的经历，至少涉及你的三种感官。） 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Senses 单词 1. perceive：v. 感知；察觉；理解 2. poisonous：adj. 有毒的 3. prefer：v. 更喜爱；偏爱 4. impaired：adj. 受损的；有缺陷的 5. face：v. 面对；面临 n. 脸 6. mercy：n. 仁慈；怜悯；宽恕 7. imitation：n. 模仿；仿制品 8. ignore：v. 忽视；不理睬 9. insist：v. 坚持；坚称 10. keen：adj. 喜爱的；热衷的；敏锐的 11. appropriate：adj. 合适的；恰当的 12. approve：v. 赞成；同意；批准 13. witness：v. 目击；见证 n. 目击者 14. employ：v. 使用；应用；雇用 15. differ：v. 相异；不同于 16. favour：v. 较喜欢；有利于 n. 赞同 17. occupy：v. 占据；占用；使忙于 18. stare：v. 盯着看；凝视 n. 凝视 19. assess：v. 评估；评价 20. inquire：v. 询问；调查 短语 1. approve of：赞成；同意 2. witness to：证实；证明 3. differ from：与……不同 4. in favour of：同意；支持；赞成 5. break down：分解；（机器）损坏；（身体）垮掉 6. in other words：换句话说 7. occupy oneself with/indoing sth：忙于做某事；专心于做某事 8. stare at：凝视；盯着看 9. be faced with：面对 10. be keen on：喜爱 熟词生义 1. face：常见义为“脸”，作动词时表示“面对，面临”，如“face challenges”（面对挑战）。 2. favour：常见义为“帮助，恩惠”，作动词时可表示“较喜欢；有利于”，如“Sunny weather favours outdoor activities.”（晴朗的天气有利于户外活动）。 3. employ：常见义为“雇用”，还可表示“使用，应用”，如“employ new methods”（使用新方法）。 句型 1. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.：就像口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。 2. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate.：关键是要以一种合适的方式使用肢体语言。 3. If you are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.：如果你感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 4. While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled.：尽管很容易察觉学生何时感兴趣、感到无聊或注意力分散，但有时要分辨学生何时有困扰却难得多。 5. It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.：他们好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。 语法 • 作宾语：有些动词后只能跟动词 -ing形式作宾语，如allow、advise、appreciate等。有些动词后既可跟动词 -ing形式，也可跟动词不定式作宾语，但意义不同，如like、love、prefer等。 • 作表语：一种表示主语的性质、特征和状态，相当于形容词；另一种具体说明主语的内容，主语和表语可互换。如“Seeing is believing.”（眼见为实），“The most important thing is getting there in time.”（最重要的是及时到达那里）。 一、词汇清单 1. detect • 教材原句：According to scientists, young people's taste buds, the small points on your tongue that detect the taste of food, are not ready for bitter taste of some vegetables. • 用法搭配：detect sth.（察觉某事/物），detect sb. doing sth.（察觉某人正在做某事）。 • 写作佳句：The sensor is designed to detect any changes in the temperature. 2. bitter • 教材原句：According to scientists, young people's taste buds, the small points on your tongue that detect the taste of food, are not ready for bitter taste of some vegetables. • 用法搭配：a bitter taste（苦味），bitter experience（痛苦的经历），be bitter about（对……感到痛苦）。 • 写作佳句：He has a bitter memory of the failure in the college entrance examination. 3. distinguish • 教材原句：You might be surprised to learn that our taste buds can only distinguish three more: salty, sour and umami. • 用法搭配：distinguish between A and B（区分A和B），distinguish A from B（把A与B区分开来）。 • 写作佳句：It is important to distinguish between facts and opinions. 4. sensitive • 教材原句：Girls have more sensitive taste buds and can differentiate flavours more easily, especially sweet and sour. • 用法搭配：be sensitive to（对……敏感），sensitive skin（敏感性皮肤）。 • 写作佳句：Plants are sensitive to environmental changes. 5. perceive • 教材原句：This is because our brain perceives the look or feel of something and sends a message to our tongue telling it not to like that food. • 用法搭配：perceive sth.（感知某事/物），perceive sb. as（把某人视为）。 • 写作佳句：We should learn to perceive the beauty of nature. 6. insist • 教材原句：They're often green, they can be crunchy, soft, cooked or raw and food experts insist they're highly beneficial to your health. • 用法搭配：insist on（doing）sth.（坚持做某事），insist that（坚持认为；坚决要求），后接宾语从句时，若表示“坚决要求”，从句用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。 • 写作佳句：She insisted on walking to the park, though it was far away. 7. prefer • 教材原句：When we reach our early teens, we start to prefer sour things to sweet things. • 用法搭配：prefer A to B（喜欢A胜过B），prefer doing A to doing B（宁愿做A事而不愿做B事），prefer to do sth.（宁愿做某事）。 • 写作佳句：I prefer reading books to watching TV in my spare time. 8. poisonous • 教材原句：They also realized that they had to be exceptionally careful with plants that had a bitter taste, since they were often poisonous. • 用法搭配：a poisonous snake（毒蛇），be poisonous to（对……有毒）。 • 写作佳句：Some mushrooms are poisonous to humans. 9. taste bud • 教材原句：According to scientists, young people's taste buds, the small points on your tongue that detect the taste of food, are not ready for bitter taste of some vegetables. • 用法搭配：通常用复数形式，与动词搭配如detect with taste buds（用味蕾察觉），develop taste buds（发育味蕾）。 • 写作佳句：Our taste buds play an important role in enjoying food. 10. exceptionall • 教材原句：They also realized that they had to be exceptionally careful with plants that had a bitter taste, since they were often poisonous. • 用法搭配：修饰形容词或副词，exceptionally good（特别好），exceptionally careful（格外小心）。 • 写作佳句：The athlete performed exceptionally well in the competition. 【经典练】单句语法填空 题目1：Girls are more sensitive ______ sweet flavours than boys. 答案：to。 • 解析：be sensitive to为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感”，这里表示女孩对甜味更敏感，故填to。 题目2：He insisted that we ______ (start) the project at once. 答案：(should) start。 • 解析：insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“should + 动词原形”，should可以省略，故填(should) start。 题目3：It is hard for us to distinguish the twin brothers ______ each other. 答案：from。 • 解析：distinguish A from B是固定短语，意为“把A与B区分开来”，这里表示把双胞胎兄弟区分开，所以填from。 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. 定义 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的从句，位于系动词（be动词/感官系动词/变化系动词等）之后，补充说明主语的性质、状态、身份、内容等，核心结构：主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句。 2. 引导词分类及用法 （1）从属连词（无实际意义，不充当从句成分，不可省略） • that：仅起连接作用，无含义，从句为陈述句时用。 例：The fact is that he has passed the exam.（事实是他通过了考试。） • whether：表“是否”，从句为一般疑问句时用，不可用if替换（表语从句中只能用whether）。 例：The question is whether we can finish the task on time.（问题是我们能否按时完成任务。） （2）连接代词（有实际意义，在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语/定语） • who/whom：表“谁”，who作主语，whom作宾语。 例：The problem is who will lead the team.（问题是谁会带领这个团队。） • whose：表“谁的”，作定语，后接名词。 例：The key is whose book this is.（关键是这是谁的书。） • what：表“什么/……的事物”，可作主语、宾语、表语。 例：My wish is what I can travel around the world.（我的愿望是能环游世界。） • which：表“哪一个/哪一些”，有选择范围，可作主语、宾语、定语。 例：The choice is which city we will live in.（选择是我们要住在哪个城市。） （3）连接副词（有实际意义，在从句中充当状语） • when：表“何时”，作时间状语；where：表“何地”，作地点状语；why：表“为何”，作原因状语；how：表“如何/多么”，作方式/程度状语。 例1：The reason is why he didn’t attend the meeting.（原因是他没参加会议。） 例2：The question is how we can improve our English quickly.（问题是我们如何能快速提高英语。） 3. 核心注意事项 1. 表语从句需用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），不可用疑问语序。 错误：The problem is how can we solve it. 正确：The problem is how we can solve it. 2. 当主语为reason时，表语从句常用that引导，不用because（because引导表语从句仅用于This/That is because...结构）。 错误：The reason for his absence is because he was ill. 正确：The reason for his absence is that he was ill. 3. 若表语从句表达“建议、命令、要求”等含义（如suggestion/proposal后的表语从句），需用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。 例：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.（我的建议是我们明天早点出发。） 【经典练】　 1. The truth is ______ he lied to us yesterday.（that/whether） 2. The main question is ______ we can get enough money for the project.（that/whether） 3. The problem is ______ will take charge of the company after the boss retires.（who/what） 4. My doubt is ______ book is more suitable for our English study.（which/whose） 5. The key is ______ we can finish the homework before 9 o’clock.（how/what） 6. This is ______ I lost my mobile phone last week.（where/when） 7. The reason why she cried is ______ she missed her parents very much.（that/because） 8. His dream is ______ he can become a famous doctor in the future.（what/that） 9. The confusion is ______ the meeting will be held—this Monday or next Monday.（which/when） 10. My advice is that we ______ （prepare）for the exam as early as possible.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 答案： 1. 答案：that 解析：从句“he lied to us yesterday”是陈述句，无疑问含义，用从属连词that引导，that无实际意义，不可省略。 2. 答案：whether 解析：从句“we can get enough money for the project”表“是否能为项目筹到足够资金”，是疑问含义，表语从句中“是否”用whether，不用if，故填whether。 3. 答案：who 解析：从句缺少主语，且主语指人（“谁会接管公司”），连接代词who表“谁”，作主语，故填who；what表“事物”，不符合语境。 4. 答案：which 解析：从句后有名词book，需填可作定语的连接词，且语境含选择范围（“哪本书更适合”），which表“哪一个”，有选择范围，whose表“谁的”，无选择含义，故填which。 5. 答案：how 解析：从句“we can finish the homework before 9 o’clock”结构完整，需填连接副词作状语，结合语境“如何在9点前完成作业”，how表“如何”，what需充当从句成分，此处不适用，故填how。 6. 答案：where 解析：从句“我上周丢手机的地方”，需填表地点的连接副词，where表“何地”，作地点状语；when表时间，不符合语境，故填where。 7. 答案：that 解析：主语为reason时，表语从句需用that引导，This/That is because...才用because，此处为“The reason is that...”结构，故填that。 8. 答案：that 解析：从句“he can become a famous doctor in the future”是陈述句，表达梦想的内容，用that引导，无实际意义，故填that；what需充当从句成分，此处从句结构完整，不适用。 9. 答案：when 解析：从句后补充“this Monday or next Monday”，说明从句表“会议何时举行”，需填表时间的连接副词when，which表“哪一个”，无时间含义，故填when。 10. 答案：（should）prepare 解析：主语为advice（建议），表语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略，故填（should）prepare。 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 精准审题立意：拿到写作题目后，先明确与“感官”主题的关联，确定核心观点。比如题目是“描述一次独特的感官体验”，就要从视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉中选取重点，确定立意是分享这次体验带来的感悟或对生活的影响。比如写在海边清晨的感官体验，立意可以是大自然对心灵的治愈，“The unique sensory experience by the sea in the early morning has deeply healed my soul and made me cherish the beauty of nature more” 。 2. 搭建清晰结构： ◦ 总分总结构：开头引入主题，如“The world is a colorful and multi - sensory place, and one particular experience stands out in my memory” 。中间分述不同感官感受，“The moment I stepped into the flower garden, my eyes were greeted by a riot of colors (视觉). The sweet fragrance of various flowers filled my nostrils, making me feel refreshed (嗅觉). When I gently touched the soft petals, a sense of delicacy spread through my fingertips (触觉)” 。结尾总结升华，“This multi - sensory experience not only brought me joy at that moment but also taught me to appreciate the beauty of the world with all my senses” 。 ◦ 时间顺序结构：若描述一个过程中的感官变化，按时间顺序展开。比如写烹饪美食的经历，先写准备食材时看到新鲜食材的视觉感受和触摸食材的触觉感受，“As I took out the fresh tomatoes, their bright red color was so appealing, and when I held them in my hands, they felt firm and smooth” ；烹饪时听油的滋滋声、闻食物散发的香味，“Once the oil started to sizzle in the pan (听觉), the rich aroma of garlic and onions filled the kitchen (嗅觉)” ；最后品尝时的味觉感受，“The first bite of the dish was a burst of flavors in my mouth, a harmonious blend of sweet, sour, and savory (味觉)” 。 3. 丰富细节描写：运用细节使感官描写更生动。写听觉，“The soft melody of the piano flowed like a gentle stream, with each note dancing in the air, caressing my ears” ，用比喻描绘出钢琴声的轻柔美妙。写视觉，“The sunset painted the sky with a palette of warm colors, from fiery orange to deep purple, creating a breathtaking view” ，通过颜色描写展现日落美景。写嗅觉，“The freshly baked bread gave off a warm, yeasty smell that immediately made my mouth water” ，从感受角度突出面包香气诱人。 4. 多样语言表达： ◦ 词汇：积累与感官相关的丰富词汇，用“scintillating”（闪烁的）代替“shining”描述视觉，“ear - piercing”（刺耳的）代替“loud”形容听觉，“aromatic”（芳香的）代替“smelly”描述嗅觉等。 ◦ 句式：运用多种句式提升文采。用感叹句增强情感，“How wonderful it is to taste the first strawberry of the season!” ；用倒装句强调，“Not only did the beautiful scenery delight my eyes, but it also soothed my soul” ；用定语从句补充信息，“The concert, which was held in the open air, provided an unforgettable auditory experience” 。 5. 认真检查修改：完成写作后，检查语法错误，如名词单复数（“a slice of apples”错误，应为“a slice of apple” ）、动词形式（“He prefer...”错误，应为“He prefers...” ）；检查词汇拼写，像“perceive”不要错写成“percieve”；检查逻辑连贯性，确保段落和句子过渡自然，可适当添加“moreover”“however”“therefore”等连接词 。 【积累·写作素材】 1. 词汇： ◦ 感官动词：see（看见），watch（观看），observe（观察），hear（听见），listen（听），smell（闻），taste（尝），touch（触摸），feel（感觉） ◦ 描述感官感受：vivid（生动的），crisp（清脆的），pungent（刺鼻的），savory（可口的），silky（丝滑的），tingly（刺痛的），soothing（舒缓的） ◦ 与感官相关名词：scent（气味），aroma（芳香），flavor（味道），texture（质地），glimpse（一瞥），echo（回声） 2. 短语： ◦ 给某人留下深刻印象：leave a deep impression on sb. ◦ 沉浸于：be immersed in ◦ 对……敏感：be sensitive to ◦ 映入眼帘：come into sight ◦ 扑鼻而来：assail one's nostrils 3. 句式： ◦ It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. with one's senses：It is amazing for us to explore the world with our senses（用我们的感官探索世界对我们来说是令人惊叹的） 。 ◦ The moment... sb. feel/hear/see...：The moment I opened the window, I heard the chirping of birds（我打开窗户的那一刻，听到了鸟儿的啁啾声） 。 ◦ Not only... but also... with senses：Not only can we see the beauty of nature with our eyes, but we can also feel its magic with our hearts（我们不仅能用眼睛看到大自然的美丽，还能用心灵感受它的魔力） 。 【示例·分步写作】 例题：Write an essay about a memorable experience that involved at least three of your senses.（写一篇关于一次难忘的经历，至少涉及你的三种感官。） 【答案】 写作思路： 1. 开头：引出难忘经历，点明涉及多种感官 。“Last summer, I had an unforgettable trip to a countryside farmhouse, which was a feast for my senses” 。 2. 中间 - 感官描述部分： ◦ 视觉：“As soon as I arrived, my eyes were drawn to the vast green fields stretching as far as the eye could see. The golden wheat swayed gently in the breeze, creating a beautiful wave - like pattern. The bright - colored wildflowers dotted among the grass added a touch of vividness to the scenery” 。 ◦ 嗅觉：“Walking along the path, the fresh, earthy smell of the soil wafted towards me. Mixed with the fragrance of the blooming flowers, it was a smell that was both natural and comforting, making me feel completely at ease” 。 ◦ 听觉：“In the quiet countryside, the sounds were distinct and charming. The soft chirping of the birds in the trees seemed like a sweet melody, and the rhythmic croaking of the frogs in the nearby pond added a unique charm. Even the rustling of the leaves in the wind sounded like a gentle whisper” 。 3. 结尾：总结这次经历的意义 。“This trip to the countryside, filled with these wonderful sensory experiences, has left a deep impression on me. It made me realize the beauty and magic of nature, and also taught me to cherish such simple yet precious moments in life” 。 详解：开头简洁引出主题，让读者快速了解文章核心。中间部分按视觉、嗅觉、听觉顺序详细描述，运用丰富的词汇和生动的语句，如“stretching as far as the eye could see”“wafted towards me”“rhythmic croaking”等，使读者有身临其境之感。结尾总结经历对自己的影响，升华主题，使文章结构完整，符合写作要求 。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $