Unit 2 Places（知识清单）英语沪教版2020必修第一册

Unit 2 Places 定语从句 （关系副词where引导） 定义与作用 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词通常是表示地点的名词，where在从句中作地点状语 ，相当于“介词+which”结构。例如：This is the city where I was born.（这就是我出生的城市。）这里“where I was born”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the city”，where在从句中作地点状语，也可以写成This is the city in which I was born. 使用要点 ◦ 先行词是地点名词：如place, house, room, city, country等。The school where we study is very beautiful.（我们学习的学校非常漂亮。“the school”是先行词，是地点名词 ） ◦ where在从句中作状语：不能作主语或宾语。对比：This is the house where I lived last year.（where作状语，我在房子里居住 ）；This is the house which/that I bought last year.（which/that在从句中作bought的宾语，我买房子 ） 构成形式 ◦ would/should + 动词原形：should常用于第一人称（I/we），would可用于各种人称。I told him that I would go to the park the next day.（我告诉他我第二天会去公园。） ◦ was/were going to + 动词原形：表示过去打算、计划或即将要做的事。She said she was going to visit her grandparents.（她说她打算去看望她的祖父母。 ） 过去将来时 用法 ◦ 宾语从句中：当主句为一般过去时，从句表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作，用过去将来时。He asked me if I would help him.（他问我是否会帮助他。 ） ◦ 表示过去习惯性动作：不管什么人称，一律用would。When I was a child, my mother would tell me stories before I went to bed.（当我还是个孩子的时候，我妈妈在我睡觉前总会给我讲故事。） ◦ come, go, leave, arrive, start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时：He said he was leaving for Beijing the next day.（他说他第二天要去北京。 ） ◦ 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时：I didn't know when she would come if it didn't rain.（我不知道如果不下雨她什么时候会来。时间和条件状语从句用一般过去时didn't rain ） 单词 1. destination n. 旅游目的地 2. million num. 一百万 3. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的 4. historic adj. 历史上重要的 5. site n. 地点 6. former adj. 以前的 7. basis n. 基础；要素 8. statue n. 雕像 9. initiative n. 倡议 10. defence n. 防御 11. contribute v. 贡献 12. admire v. 钦佩 13. connect v. 连接 14. remain v. 剩余；留下 15. originally adv. 最初 16. experience v. 体验 17. birthplace n. 诞生地 18. reborn adj. 重生的 19. ancient adj. 古老的 20. fancy adj. 高档的 短语 1. tourist destination 旅游目的地 2. historic site 历史遗迹 3. connect...to... 把……连接到…… 4. for the purpose of 为了……目的 5. be located in 坐落于 6. be renowned for 因……著称 7. a stone's throw from 离……很近 8. in the vicinity of 在……周边 9. be made up of 由……组成 10. must - see places 必去之地 熟词生义 1. base：常见义为“基础，底部”，文中“...which became the basis of Journey to the West”中表示“（事物的）根据，基础”。 2. view：常见义为“观点，看法”，在“you can get an amazing view of the city”中意为“景色，风景”。 3. make up：常见义为“化妆，编造”，在“Our class is made up of forty students.”中意为“由……组成”。 句型 1. One of + plural noun structure：用于表达某物或某人属于某一群体，例如：Xian is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China. 2. It is typical of sb. to do …：用于描述某人的典型行为或特点，例如：It is typical of him to be late. 3. The reason why … is that …：用于解释某事的原因，例如：The reason why I like this city is that it has a long - standing history. 4. (Place) is a (adj.) place with (n.). 例如：Beijing is a great city with a long history. 5. There are many (n.) in (place), such as (example 1), (example 2) and (example 3). 例如：There are many historic sites in Xi'an, such as the Terracotta Army and the City Wall. 语法 本单元核心语法是过去将来时。过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。其构成主要有“would + 动词原形”“was / were going to + 动词原形”“was/were about to + 动词原形”等形式，另外，come、go、arrive等瞬时动词可用过去进行时态表示过去将来。例如：She said she would visit the place again. / He was going to start his journey the next day. 一、词汇清单 1. destination • 教材原句：Xi’an is no doubt one of the most popular tourist destinations in China. • 用法搭配：常与tourist搭配，构成tourist destination，表示“旅游目的地”；也可用作reach the destination，意为“到达目的地”。 • 写作佳句：Paris is a dream destination for many travelers, famous for its romantic atmosphere and world - class art museums. 2. amazing • 教材原句：Every year, millions of travelers visit the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang about 42 kilometres from the city centre, which is one of the most amazing historic sites in the world. • 用法搭配：常用于修饰物，be amazing at sth表示“对某事感到惊讶”，It is amazing that...表示“令人惊讶的是……”。 • 写作佳句：The view from the top of the mountain is amazing, making people feel as if they are in a fairy - land. 3. historic • 教材原句：Every year, millions of travelers visit the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang about 42 kilometres from the city centre, which is one of the most amazing historic sites in the world. • 用法搭配：常用来修饰具有历史意义的事物，如historic site（历史遗迹），historic building（历史建筑）。 • 写作佳句：London is full of historic buildings, which are witnesses to the city’s long - standing history. 4. former • 教材原句：One of China’s great former capitals, Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world during the Tang Dynasty. • 用法搭配：通常作定语，修饰名词，如former president（前总统），former capital（前首都）。 • 写作佳句：As a former imperial capital, Beijing has a rich cultural heritage. 5. poetry • 教材原句：Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world during the Tang Dynasty, a golden age of art and poetry. • 用法搭配：是不可数名词，可与write, read等动词搭配，如write poetry（写诗），read poetry（读诗）。 • 写作佳句：The beauty of nature has always been a source of inspiration for poetry. 6. defence • 教材原句：The wall, almost 14 kilometres in length, was originally built for the purpose of defence. • 用法搭配：in defence of表示“为了保卫……”，defence against表示“对……的防御”。 • 写作佳句：The Great Wall was built in ancient China mainly in defence of the northern nomadic tribes. 7. view • 教材原句：From here,you can get an amazing view of the city. • 用法搭配：表示“风景”时，常与get, enjoy等动词搭配，如get a good view of（清楚地看到），enjoy the view（欣赏风景）；表示“观点”时，常用in one’s view（在某人看来）。 • 写作佳句：Standing on the top of the tower, you can enjoy a panoramic view of the whole city. 8. crowd • 教材原句：无（常见衍生词crowded有相关教材句） • 用法搭配：作动词时，crowd into表示“涌入”，crowd around表示“围绕”；作名词时，a crowd of表示“一群”，其形容词crowded表示“拥挤的”，be crowded with表示“充满，挤满”。 • 写作佳句：During holidays, the famous tourist attractions are always crowded with visitors. 9. originally • 教材原句：The wall, almost 14 kilometres in length, was originally built for the purpose of defence. • 用法搭配：通常用于句首或句中，修饰动词，表明事物的最初状态。 • 写作佳句：Originally, this small town was just a quiet fishing village, but now it has become a popular tourist resort. 10. entrance • 教材原句：无（单元内有相关场景涉及） • 用法搭配：the entrance to表示“……的入口”。 • 写作佳句：The entrance to the ancient temple is surrounded by lush trees, giving people a sense of mystery. 【经典练】单句语法填空 题目1：Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 题目2：She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long. 题目3：All the students are impressed by his _______(amaze) learning strategies. 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. The school is a place where we can acquire knowledge.（学校是我们能获取知识的地方。） 2. The park where we had a picnic last week is very large.（我们上周野餐的那个公园非常大。） 3. This is the town which/that has a long - standing history.（这是一个有着悠久历史的城镇。） 4. The museum, where there are many ancient relics, is worth visiting.（这个博物馆有许多古代文物，值得一游。） 5. The city where I grew up is becoming more and more beautiful.（我成长的城市变得越来越漂亮了。） 【精讲·语法知识】 定义：定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，在句中充当定语。修饰地点的定语从句，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词，如place, city, town, park等。 关系词： ◦ where：当定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，且先行词是地点时，用where引导，where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+which”。例如：This is the house where I lived last year. = This is the house in which I lived last year. ◦ which/that：若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，且先行词是地点时，可用which或that引导。例如：The building which/that they are building will be a library.（从句中缺少build的宾语） 注意事项：当先行词被the only, the very, the first等修饰时，若先行词是地点且在从句中作主语或宾语，只能用that引导定语从句。 【经典练】　 1. This is the room ______ we had a meeting yesterday. 2. The city ______ he visited last month is very beautiful. 3. The park, ______ is near my home, is a good place to take a walk. 4. This is the town ______ my grandfather once lived. 5. The house ______ windows face south is very bright. 6. The village ______ I went to last year has changed a lot. 7. The library ______ we can borrow books is open every day. 8. The stadium ______ is being built will be the largest in the city. 9. This is the street ______ I met an old friend yesterday. 10. The town ______ lies by the river is very rich. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 确定写作框架：一般采用总分总的结构。开头引入要介绍的地点，简要说明其独特之处，吸引读者兴趣；中间部分从不同方面详细描述地点，比如地理位置（is located/situated in...）、历史背景（has a long history of...）、著名景点（is famous/renowned for its...）、人文风情（The local people are...）等；结尾总结对这个地点的感受，再次强调它的特别之处，引发读者共鸣 。例如写“我的家乡”，开头可以说“My hometown, a charming place full of stories, has been the cradle of my childhood memories”，中间分别描述家乡的地理位置优越、悠久的历史建筑以及热情好客的居民，结尾感慨“My hometown will always hold a special place in my heart, and I sincerely hope more people can explore its beauty”。 2. 巧用词汇与短语：积累丰富的与地点描述相关的词汇和短语能让文章增色不少。描绘景色可以用scenic（风景优美的）、picturesque（如画的）、breathtaking（惊人的，令人激动的）等；描述地点的名气用well - known、famous、renowned；表达位置除了常用的in, on, at，还可以用be nestled in（坐落在）、be bordered by（与...接壤） 。比如描述一个小镇可以说“The small town, nestled in the valley, is surrounded by breathtaking mountains and clear streams”。 3. 运用多种句式： ◦ 定语从句：用where引导的定语从句描述地点，能补充更多细节。如“The park where we often have picnics on weekends is full of blooming flowers and green trees”（我们周末经常野餐的公园开满了鲜花，绿树成荫） 。也可以用which/that引导的定语从句修饰地点相关的事物，“The old temple which/that was built hundreds of years ago attracts many tourists every year”（这座建于几百年前的古老寺庙每年吸引很多游客）。 ◦ 分词作后置定语：现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成。“The city, developing rapidly in recent years, has witnessed great changes”（这座城市近年来发展迅速，见证了巨大的变化）；“The building, built in a unique style, stands out among others”（这座建筑以独特的风格建成，在其他建筑中脱颖而出） 。 ◦ 强调句：强调地点的某个特点。“It is the local food in this small village that makes it so appealing”（正是这个小村庄的当地美食让它如此吸引人） 。 4. 增加细节描写：从视觉（The colorful flowers in the garden create a vivid picture）、听觉（The sound of waves crashing on the shore is so soothing）、嗅觉（The air is filled with the fragrance of fresh grass and wildflowers）、触觉（The warm sun on my skin makes me feel relaxed）、味觉（The local specialty, a kind of sweet - and - sour pastry, tastes amazing）等感官角度进行描写，让读者有身临其境之感。还可以加入一些具体的数据、历史事件、传说故事等。比如介绍长城可以提及它有多长、修建的历史时期和背后的故事，“The Great Wall, stretching over 20,000 kilometers, was built over 2,000 years ago to defend against invaders. It is a symbol of China's long - standing history and the wisdom of the Chinese people” 。 5. 使用连接词与过渡语：使文章层次更分明，逻辑更连贯。列举时用firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally；补充信息用moreover, furthermore, in addition；表示转折用however, nevertheless, on the contrary；总结时用in conclusion, to sum up, all in all 。比如“Firstly, my hometown is located in a beautiful coastal area. Secondly, it has a rich historical heritage. Moreover, the local people here are extremely friendly” 。 【积累·写作素材】 1. 词汇： ◦ 描述地理位置：be located in/on/to（位于/接壤/隔海相望），be situated in（坐落于），lie in（位于），nestled in（依偎在），be surrounded by（被...环绕） ◦ 描述景色：scenic（风景优美的），picturesque（如画的），breathtaking（惊人的），gorgeous（华丽的，灿烂的），majestic（庄严的，雄伟的），serene（宁静的） ◦ 描述历史文化：historic（历史悠久的），historical（历史的），cultural（文化的），time - honored（历史悠久的，久享盛名的），heritage（遗产），legacy（遗产，遗赠） ◦ 描述特色：unique（独特的），distinctive（独特的，有特色的），characteristic（典型的，特有的），iconic（标志性的），notable（著名的，显著的） 2. 短语： ◦ 因...而著名：be famous/renowned/well - known for，be noted for ◦ 以...为特色：be characterized by，feature... ◦ 追溯到：date back to，trace back to ◦ 提供...的景色：offer a view of，provide a panorama of ◦ 沉浸在：be immersed in，be soaked in 3. 句式： ◦ It is + 地点 + that/who...：强调句，如It is the ancient town that attracts a large number of tourists every year.（正是这个古镇每年吸引大量游客。） ◦ There be + 地点状语 + 其他：There is a beautiful lake in the park where people can go boating.（公园里有一个美丽的湖，人们可以在那里划船。） ◦ What makes... special is...：What makes this city special is its diverse culture.（使这座城市特别的是它的多元文化。） 【示例·分步写作】 例题：Write an article about a place you have visited and are deeply impressed by. You should include its location, unique features, and your feelings about it.（写一篇关于你去过且印象深刻的地方的文章。你应该包括它的位置、独特之处以及你对它的感受。） 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Places 定语从句 （关系副词where引导） 定义与作用 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词通常是表示地点的名词，where在从句中作地点状语 ，相当于“介词+which”结构。例如：This is the city where I was born.（这就是我出生的城市。）这里“where I was born”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the city”，where在从句中作地点状语，也可以写成This is the city in which I was born. 使用要点 ◦ 先行词是地点名词：如place, house, room, city, country等。The school where we study is very beautiful.（我们学习的学校非常漂亮。“the school”是先行词，是地点名词 ） ◦ where在从句中作状语：不能作主语或宾语。对比：This is the house where I lived last year.（where作状语，我在房子里居住 ）；This is the house which/that I bought last year.（which/that在从句中作bought的宾语，我买房子 ） 构成形式 ◦ would/should + 动词原形：should常用于第一人称（I/we），would可用于各种人称。I told him that I would go to the park the next day.（我告诉他我第二天会去公园。） ◦ was/were going to + 动词原形：表示过去打算、计划或即将要做的事。She said she was going to visit her grandparents.（她说她打算去看望她的祖父母。 ） 过去将来时 用法 ◦ 宾语从句中：当主句为一般过去时，从句表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作，用过去将来时。He asked me if I would help him.（他问我是否会帮助他。 ） ◦ 表示过去习惯性动作：不管什么人称，一律用would。When I was a child, my mother would tell me stories before I went to bed.（当我还是个孩子的时候，我妈妈在我睡觉前总会给我讲故事。） ◦ come, go, leave, arrive, start等动词可用过去进行时代替过去将来时：He said he was leaving for Beijing the next day.（他说他第二天要去北京。 ） ◦ 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时：I didn't know when she would come if it didn't rain.（我不知道如果不下雨她什么时候会来。时间和条件状语从句用一般过去时didn't rain ） 单词 1. destination n. 旅游目的地 2. million num. 一百万 3. amazing adj. 令人大为惊奇的 4. historic adj. 历史上重要的 5. site n. 地点 6. former adj. 以前的 7. basis n. 基础；要素 8. statue n. 雕像 9. initiative n. 倡议 10. defence n. 防御 11. contribute v. 贡献 12. admire v. 钦佩 13. connect v. 连接 14. remain v. 剩余；留下 15. originally adv. 最初 16. experience v. 体验 17. birthplace n. 诞生地 18. reborn adj. 重生的 19. ancient adj. 古老的 20. fancy adj. 高档的 短语 1. tourist destination 旅游目的地 2. historic site 历史遗迹 3. connect...to... 把……连接到…… 4. for the purpose of 为了……目的 5. be located in 坐落于 6. be renowned for 因……著称 7. a stone's throw from 离……很近 8. in the vicinity of 在……周边 9. be made up of 由……组成 10. must - see places 必去之地 熟词生义 1. base：常见义为“基础，底部”，文中“...which became the basis of Journey to the West”中表示“（事物的）根据，基础”。 2. view：常见义为“观点，看法”，在“you can get an amazing view of the city”中意为“景色，风景”。 3. make up：常见义为“化妆，编造”，在“Our class is made up of forty students.”中意为“由……组成”。 句型 1. One of + plural noun structure：用于表达某物或某人属于某一群体，例如：Xian is one of the most popular tourist destinations in China. 2. It is typical of sb. to do …：用于描述某人的典型行为或特点，例如：It is typical of him to be late. 3. The reason why … is that …：用于解释某事的原因，例如：The reason why I like this city is that it has a long - standing history. 4. (Place) is a (adj.) place with (n.). 例如：Beijing is a great city with a long history. 5. There are many (n.) in (place), such as (example 1), (example 2) and (example 3). 例如：There are many historic sites in Xi'an, such as the Terracotta Army and the City Wall. 语法 本单元核心语法是过去将来时。过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。其构成主要有“would + 动词原形”“was / were going to + 动词原形”“was/were about to + 动词原形”等形式，另外，come、go、arrive等瞬时动词可用过去进行时态表示过去将来。例如：She said she would visit the place again. / He was going to start his journey the next day. 一、词汇清单 1. destination • 教材原句：Xi’an is no doubt one of the most popular tourist destinations in China. • 用法搭配：常与tourist搭配，构成tourist destination，表示“旅游目的地”；也可用作reach the destination，意为“到达目的地”。 • 写作佳句：Paris is a dream destination for many travelers, famous for its romantic atmosphere and world - class art museums. 2. amazing • 教材原句：Every year, millions of travelers visit the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang about 42 kilometres from the city centre, which is one of the most amazing historic sites in the world. • 用法搭配：常用于修饰物，be amazing at sth表示“对某事感到惊讶”，It is amazing that...表示“令人惊讶的是……”。 • 写作佳句：The view from the top of the mountain is amazing, making people feel as if they are in a fairy - land. 3. historic • 教材原句：Every year, millions of travelers visit the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shihuang about 42 kilometres from the city centre, which is one of the most amazing historic sites in the world. • 用法搭配：常用来修饰具有历史意义的事物，如historic site（历史遗迹），historic building（历史建筑）。 • 写作佳句：London is full of historic buildings, which are witnesses to the city’s long - standing history. 4. former • 教材原句：One of China’s great former capitals, Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world during the Tang Dynasty. • 用法搭配：通常作定语，修饰名词，如former president（前总统），former capital（前首都）。 • 写作佳句：As a former imperial capital, Beijing has a rich cultural heritage. 5. poetry • 教材原句：Xi’an grew to be the largest city in the world during the Tang Dynasty, a golden age of art and poetry. • 用法搭配：是不可数名词，可与write, read等动词搭配，如write poetry（写诗），read poetry（读诗）。 • 写作佳句：The beauty of nature has always been a source of inspiration for poetry. 6. defence • 教材原句：The wall, almost 14 kilometres in length, was originally built for the purpose of defence. • 用法搭配：in defence of表示“为了保卫……”，defence against表示“对……的防御”。 • 写作佳句：The Great Wall was built in ancient China mainly in defence of the northern nomadic tribes. 7. view • 教材原句：From here,you can get an amazing view of the city. • 用法搭配：表示“风景”时，常与get, enjoy等动词搭配，如get a good view of（清楚地看到），enjoy the view（欣赏风景）；表示“观点”时，常用in one’s view（在某人看来）。 • 写作佳句：Standing on the top of the tower, you can enjoy a panoramic view of the whole city. 8. crowd • 教材原句：无（常见衍生词crowded有相关教材句） • 用法搭配：作动词时，crowd into表示“涌入”，crowd around表示“围绕”；作名词时，a crowd of表示“一群”，其形容词crowded表示“拥挤的”，be crowded with表示“充满，挤满”。 • 写作佳句：During holidays, the famous tourist attractions are always crowded with visitors. 9. originally • 教材原句：The wall, almost 14 kilometres in length, was originally built for the purpose of defence. • 用法搭配：通常用于句首或句中，修饰动词，表明事物的最初状态。 • 写作佳句：Originally, this small town was just a quiet fishing village, but now it has become a popular tourist resort. 10. entrance • 教材原句：无（单元内有相关场景涉及） • 用法搭配：the entrance to表示“……的入口”。 • 写作佳句：The entrance to the ancient temple is surrounded by lush trees, giving people a sense of mystery. 【经典练】单句语法填空 题目1：Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 答案：would visit。 解析：主句谓语动词said是过去式，宾语从句中表示从过去看将来要发生的动作，用过去将来时，其结构为would + 动词原形。 题目2：She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long. 答案：would not stay。 解析：同题目1，主句是一般过去时，从句表示过去的将来，且为否定形式，所以用would not + 动词原形。 题目3：All the students are impressed by his _______(amaze) learning strategies. 答案：amazing。 解析：此处需要用形容词修饰名词learning strategies，amazing表示“令人惊叹的”，用来修饰物，符合语境。 二、语法清单 【感知·语法规律】 1. The school is a place where we can acquire knowledge.（学校是我们能获取知识的地方。） 2. The park where we had a picnic last week is very large.（我们上周野餐的那个公园非常大。） 3. This is the town which/that has a long - standing history.（这是一个有着悠久历史的城镇。） 4. The museum, where there are many ancient relics, is worth visiting.（这个博物馆有许多古代文物，值得一游。） 5. The city where I grew up is becoming more and more beautiful.（我成长的城市变得越来越漂亮了。） 【精讲·语法知识】 定义：定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，在句中充当定语。修饰地点的定语从句，其先行词通常是表示地点的名词，如place, city, town, park等。 关系词： ◦ where：当定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语，且先行词是地点时，用where引导，where在从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+which”。例如：This is the house where I lived last year. = This is the house in which I lived last year. ◦ which/that：若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，且先行词是地点时，可用which或that引导。例如：The building which/that they are building will be a library.（从句中缺少build的宾语） 注意事项：当先行词被the only, the very, the first等修饰时，若先行词是地点且在从句中作主语或宾语，只能用that引导定语从句。 【经典练】　 1. This is the room ______ we had a meeting yesterday. 答案：where。 解析：先行词是room，从句“we had a meeting yesterday”不缺主宾，缺地点状语，故用where引导。 2. The city ______ he visited last month is very beautiful. 答案：which/that。 解析：先行词是city，从句“he visited last month”中visit缺少宾语，所以用which或that引导。 3. The park, ______ is near my home, is a good place to take a walk. 答案：which。 解析：先行词是park，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，不能用that，故用which引导。 4. This is the town ______ my grandfather once lived. 答案：where。 解析：先行词是town，从句“my grandfather once lived”不缺主宾，缺地点状语，因此用where引导。 5. The house ______ windows face south is very bright. 答案：whose。 解析：先行词是house，“windows”与“house”是所属关系，表示“房子的窗户”，所以用whose引导。 6. The village ______ I went to last year has changed a lot. 答案：which/that。 解析：先行词是village，从句“I went to last year”中go to缺少宾语，所以用which或that引导。 7. The library ______ we can borrow books is open every day. 答案：where。 解析：先行词是library，从句“we can borrow books”不缺主宾，缺地点状语，用where引导表示“在图书馆里”。 8. The stadium ______ is being built will be the largest in the city. 答案：which/that。 解析：先行词是stadium，从句“is being built”缺少主语，所以用which或that引导定语从句。 9. This is the street ______ I met an old friend yesterday. 答案：where。 解析：先行词是street，从句“I met an old friend yesterday”不缺主宾，缺地点状语，故用where引导。 10. The town ______ lies by the river is very rich. 答案：which/that。 解析：先行词是town，从句“lies by the river”缺少主语，因此用which或that引导定语从句。 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 确定写作框架：一般采用总分总的结构。开头引入要介绍的地点，简要说明其独特之处，吸引读者兴趣；中间部分从不同方面详细描述地点，比如地理位置（is located/situated in...）、历史背景（has a long history of...）、著名景点（is famous/renowned for its...）、人文风情（The local people are...）等；结尾总结对这个地点的感受，再次强调它的特别之处，引发读者共鸣 。例如写“我的家乡”，开头可以说“My hometown, a charming place full of stories, has been the cradle of my childhood memories”，中间分别描述家乡的地理位置优越、悠久的历史建筑以及热情好客的居民，结尾感慨“My hometown will always hold a special place in my heart, and I sincerely hope more people can explore its beauty”。 2. 巧用词汇与短语：积累丰富的与地点描述相关的词汇和短语能让文章增色不少。描绘景色可以用scenic（风景优美的）、picturesque（如画的）、breathtaking（惊人的，令人激动的）等；描述地点的名气用well - known、famous、renowned；表达位置除了常用的in, on, at，还可以用be nestled in（坐落在）、be bordered by（与...接壤） 。比如描述一个小镇可以说“The small town, nestled in the valley, is surrounded by breathtaking mountains and clear streams”。 3. 运用多种句式： ◦ 定语从句：用where引导的定语从句描述地点，能补充更多细节。如“The park where we often have picnics on weekends is full of blooming flowers and green trees”（我们周末经常野餐的公园开满了鲜花，绿树成荫） 。也可以用which/that引导的定语从句修饰地点相关的事物，“The old temple which/that was built hundreds of years ago attracts many tourists every year”（这座建于几百年前的古老寺庙每年吸引很多游客）。 ◦ 分词作后置定语：现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成。“The city, developing rapidly in recent years, has witnessed great changes”（这座城市近年来发展迅速，见证了巨大的变化）；“The building, built in a unique style, stands out among others”（这座建筑以独特的风格建成，在其他建筑中脱颖而出） 。 ◦ 强调句：强调地点的某个特点。“It is the local food in this small village that makes it so appealing”（正是这个小村庄的当地美食让它如此吸引人） 。 4. 增加细节描写：从视觉（The colorful flowers in the garden create a vivid picture）、听觉（The sound of waves crashing on the shore is so soothing）、嗅觉（The air is filled with the fragrance of fresh grass and wildflowers）、触觉（The warm sun on my skin makes me feel relaxed）、味觉（The local specialty, a kind of sweet - and - sour pastry, tastes amazing）等感官角度进行描写，让读者有身临其境之感。还可以加入一些具体的数据、历史事件、传说故事等。比如介绍长城可以提及它有多长、修建的历史时期和背后的故事，“The Great Wall, stretching over 20,000 kilometers, was built over 2,000 years ago to defend against invaders. It is a symbol of China's long - standing history and the wisdom of the Chinese people” 。 5. 使用连接词与过渡语：使文章层次更分明，逻辑更连贯。列举时用firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally；补充信息用moreover, furthermore, in addition；表示转折用however, nevertheless, on the contrary；总结时用in conclusion, to sum up, all in all 。比如“Firstly, my hometown is located in a beautiful coastal area. Secondly, it has a rich historical heritage. Moreover, the local people here are extremely friendly” 。 【积累·写作素材】 1. 词汇： ◦ 描述地理位置：be located in/on/to（位于/接壤/隔海相望），be situated in（坐落于），lie in（位于），nestled in（依偎在），be surrounded by（被...环绕） ◦ 描述景色：scenic（风景优美的），picturesque（如画的），breathtaking（惊人的），gorgeous（华丽的，灿烂的），majestic（庄严的，雄伟的），serene（宁静的） ◦ 描述历史文化：historic（历史悠久的），historical（历史的），cultural（文化的），time - honored（历史悠久的，久享盛名的），heritage（遗产），legacy（遗产，遗赠） ◦ 描述特色：unique（独特的），distinctive（独特的，有特色的），characteristic（典型的，特有的），iconic（标志性的），notable（著名的，显著的） 2. 短语： ◦ 因...而著名：be famous/renowned/well - known for，be noted for ◦ 以...为特色：be characterized by，feature... ◦ 追溯到：date back to，trace back to ◦ 提供...的景色：offer a view of，provide a panorama of ◦ 沉浸在：be immersed in，be soaked in 3. 句式： ◦ It is + 地点 + that/who...：强调句，如It is the ancient town that attracts a large number of tourists every year.（正是这个古镇每年吸引大量游客。） ◦ There be + 地点状语 + 其他：There is a beautiful lake in the park where people can go boating.（公园里有一个美丽的湖，人们可以在那里划船。） ◦ What makes... special is...：What makes this city special is its diverse culture.（使这座城市特别的是它的多元文化。） 【示例·分步写作】 例题：Write an article about a place you have visited and are deeply impressed by. You should include its location, unique features, and your feelings about it.（写一篇关于你去过且印象深刻的地方的文章。你应该包括它的位置、独特之处以及你对它的感受。） 【答案】 写作思路： 1. 开头：开门见山引入要介绍的地方，比如“I will never forget the first time I visited Guilin, a city famous for its fascinating landscape” 。 2. 中间： ◦ 地理位置：“Guilin is located in the northeastern part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. It is surrounded by beautiful karst mountains and clear rivers” 。 ◦ 独特之处：从景色方面描述，“The most eye - catching feature of Guilin is its unique karst landscape. The strangely shaped mountains rise abruptly from the ground, creating a breathtaking view. The Li River, winding through the city, offers a perfect opportunity to enjoy the beautiful scenery. Taking a bamboo - rafting trip on the Li River is an unforgettable experience, during which you can see the reflection of the mountains in the clear water, and the local fishermen fishing with their cormorants”；还可以提及人文风情，“The local culture in Guilin is also quite interesting. The Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups live here, and their unique customs and traditions add a special flavor to the city. You can watch their traditional dance performances and taste their delicious ethnic food” 。 3. 结尾：总结感受，“Visiting Guilin was like stepping into a fairyland. Its beauty has left a deep impression on me, and I sincerely hope that more people can have the chance to explore this amazing place and experience its charm for themselves” 。 详解：开头简洁引出地点，让读者快速了解文章主题。中间部分先明确地理位置，接着从自然景观和人文风情两方面详细阐述独特之处，运用了丰富的词汇（如fascinating, breathtaking, unique等）和多种句式（如which引导的定语从句“Taking a bamboo - rafting trip on the Li River is an unforgettable experience, during which you can see...”）进行描述。结尾表达个人感受，再次强调这个地方的魅力，引起读者向往，使文章结构完整，内容丰富。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$