高中英语语法知识点总结-虚拟语气 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

虚拟语气 一、英语动词中的三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气。虚拟语气。 1. 陈述语气： 用来陈述事实。有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。 My father drove me to the village. People don’t like wars. What a strange-looking person he is! Are you joking? 2. 祈使语气：用来表示请求、命令或劝告。 Sit down, please! Let me have a try. 3. 虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实或不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、假设等。 二、虚拟语气的具体用法 1. if条件句中的虚拟语气 if条件句 主句 与现在相反 did (were) could/would/might/should + do 与过去相反 had done could/would/might/should + have done 与将来相反 did were to do should do（不可省） could/would/might/should + do 主句中情态动词本身含义： could 能；能够 might 或许，可以 would 会，愿意 should 应该 练习： 如果我是你，我会每天努力学习。 If I were you, I would study hard every day. 如果我现在有时间，我就能帮你修电脑。 If I had time now, I could help you repair the computer. 如果我昨天参加了会议，我本会见到玛丽。 If I had attended the meeting, I would have met Mary. 如果他昨天不忙，他就或许来拜访你了。 If he hasn’t been busy yesterday, he might have visited to you. 如果明天下雨，运动会会被推迟。 If it rained tomorrow, sports meeting would be put off. 2. 如果从句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词发生的时间不一致，这种条件句叫错综时间条件句（或混合条件句）。这时，主句和从句谓语动词形式依各自假设时间而定。 If she hadn’t trained so hard before, she could not run so fast now. If it had trained much last year, the crops would grow better now. If I were you, I would have gone to the party last night. 3. if 虚拟条件句的倒装： 把从句中的were/had/should提前，省略if. If you had’t helped me, I should have failed. Had you not helped me, I should have failed. If he should have any time tomorrow, he would come. Should he have any time tomorrow, he would come. If I were in your position, I should go. Were I in your position, I should go. If you had arrived at the station 10 minutes earlier, you could have caught the train. Had you arrived at the station to 10 minutes earlier, you could have caught the train. If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out. Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go out. 4. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 ① 现在：did/ were wish that 过去：had done 将来：might/would/could + do I wish that I were ten years younger. (be) I wish that it were summer now. (be) I wish that you went out now. (go) He wished that he had passed the exam last week. (pass) I wish that I had gone to Mary’s party last night. (go) We wish that he would come tomorrow. (come) How I wish that my mother would buy me a new computer. (buy) ②在表示建议、命令、要求等动词后的宾语从句用（should）do 常见动词： A bird sparrow advice/ be eager (anxious) / insist / request/ demand/ suggest/ propose/ ask/ recommend/ require/ order/ warn The boss ordered that the work be finished today. The workers demanded that their wages should be raised. 老师要求我们在此讨论一下这个问题。 The teacher requested that we should discuss the problem again. 小李建议我们在此讨论一下这个问题。 XL suggested that we should have/hold a party. 注意： 建议： should 虚拟 suggest that 暗示；表明 （不虚拟） insist that 坚持；要求 should 虚拟 坚持说；坚持认为：不虚拟 Her pale face suggested that she was ill. (病了) Mary suggested that we should send the patient to hospital. The boy insisted that hadn’t broken the window and he shouldn’t be punished. 5. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 ① It is adj. that : （should）do [should 很少省略] adj. : natural/ important/ necessary/ proper/ advisable/ strange/ surprising/ wonderful/ unusual It’s important that we should master a foreign language. It’s unusual that he should go to school so early. ② It is P.P. that : (should) do (建议、命令、要求) It’s suggested that we should finish the work today. It’s desired that we should get everything ready. 6. 表语从句中的虚拟语气 ① My suggestion is that we should send for a doctor. 表示建议、命令、要求的词做主语，后面表语从句用（should）do 老板的命令是我们今天完成工作。 The boss order is that we should finish the work today. ② as if/ though 引导表语从句虚拟与wish相同 He looks as if he were ill. (be) It seemed as if he had known the truth. (know) as if/ though 也引导状语从句，虚拟形式同上 She loves the baby as if he was her own son. (be) They talked as if they had been friends for years. (be) She cried as if her heart would break. (break) 7. 定语从句中的虚拟语气 It is (high/about) time that did should do (should不能省略) 到了你睡觉的时间了。 It is high/about time that went to bed. should go to bed. 到了这个问题被讨论的时间了。 It is high/about time that the problem should be discussed. was discussed. 8. 同位语从句中的虚拟语气 They received orders that the work should be done at once. 带有建议、命令、要求的名词后面的同位语从句后用(should) do What do you think of his suggestion that we should have a rest. 9. 状语从句中的虚拟语气 ① as if/ though ② in order that so that + 目的状语从句：can, could, may, might + do Turn on the lights so that we can see what it is. Return the book on time in order that others could have a chance to borrow it. Speak louder so that everyone may hear you. ③ lest 唯恐；免得 for fear that 以免，生怕 ＋状语从句： （should）do in case 以防 He took his rain coat with him lest it should rain. He burned all the documents for fear that they should fall into the enemy’s hand. Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. 10. 表示祝愿的句子中的虚拟语气 1. long live + 主语 人民万岁！ Long live the people. 2. May + 主语+ 动词原形 May you succeed! May our friendship last forever! 11. 其他形式的虚拟语气 ① If only + 陈述句 现在： did/ were 过去：had done 同：wish, as if 将来：might/would/could + do If only I know his name. If only I had listened to his advice. If only it would stop raining. 要是我现在有所大房子就好了。 If only I had a big house now. 要是昨天我通过考试就好了。 If only I had passed the exam yesterday. ②would rather (that) 从句： 现在、将来：did/ were 过去：had done 我宁愿你现在付给我钱。 I would rather you paid me now. 我宁愿昨晚去参加了李明的年会。 I would rather had gone to Liming’s party last night. 我宁愿你明天代替我去那儿。 I would rather you would went to there instead of me. ③ would rather have done: 宁愿做过…… not have done : 宁愿没做过 have done A than done B 宁愿做过A而没做过B 我宁愿昨晚待在家里。 I would rather have stayed at home last night. 我宁愿昨晚没参加他的聚会。 I would rather not have gone to his party. 我宁愿昨晚待在家里而没有参加他的聚会。 I would rather have stayed at home than gone to his party. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$