Unit 4 Natural Disasters词性转换,词汇,语法,句型,知识点复习题-2025-2026学年高一英语必修第一册单元重难点易错题精练（人教版2019）

Unit4 Natural Disasters 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1．death n．死；死亡→ adj.死的→ adj.致命的→ v．死亡 2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→ n．效果；影响→ adj.有效的→ n．喜欢；喜爱；感情 3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→ adj.令人震惊的→ adj.感到震惊的 4．electricity n．电；电能→ adj.电的；用电的→ adj.电子的 5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→ n．呼吸→ adj.气喘吁吁的 6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→ adj.明智的→ adj.不明智的 7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n．受难；苦楚 8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ n．喷发 9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→ n．幸存；生还→ n．幸存者；生还者 10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→ adj.紧急的→ vi.浮现；出现 11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→ n．投递；送交 12．length n．长；长度→ adj.长的→ v．(使)变长 核心单词 1． n．灾难；灾害 2． vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动 3． n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 4． n．& vt.营救；救援 5． vt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失 6． vt.摧毁；毁灭 7． n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 8． n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 9． n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 10． vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 11． vt.埋葬；安葬 12． n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 13． n．上下文；语境；背景 14． n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 15． vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 16． n．管子；管道 17． adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 18． n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助 19． vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 20． vt.& vi.打扫；清扫 一、语法填空 1．Wherever you live, it’s necessary for you to learn to prepare for some (emergency). 2．A successful man should have courage, determination and (wise). 3．After the timely rain, the dry land showed the signs of (revive). 4．The earthquake (destroy) the building a year ago, which has already been rebuilt. 5．His quick thinking and courage ensured his (survive) in the face of danger. 6．A huge typhoon (strike) our town several years ago and a large number of people became homeless. 7．The war in Mid-East (destroy) many families in the past few years and people alive are suffering. 8．Rocks and mud (slide) down the hill, blocking the road for two days. 9．It was in AD 79 that the city of Pompeii (bury) under a layer of ash seven meters deep. 10．There were over 1,000 injuries and (die) in the flood. 11．The (suffer) has decided to give up smoking. 12．When there was a power failure, they (trap) in the lift. （所给词的适当形式填空） 13．The people present at the meeting were shocked (see) the boss rush out. （所给词的适当形式填空） 14．Most of the people all over the world were angry at the (shock) violence. 15．Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area in (ruin). . 16．He took a few deep breaths to calm (he) down. 17． (affect) by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. 18．The government will take some (effect) measures to deal with it. 19．That boy (sweep) up when I left the teaching building. 20．In (sum), we have achieved our goal at this meeting. 21．The radio says nearly 50 percent of the city has already been (flood) after continuous rain. 22．You should make friends with a person who is easy (get) along with. 23．A large percentage of the hotel’s income (be) from the visitors to the lake nearby. 24．If you’re addicted to computer games, you’ll ruin (you). （所给词的适当形式填空） 25．He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother (clean) the table, even the furniture. 26．The room on the third floor windows face the south is our classroom. 27．The gentle old man is the only person I can trust. 28．Einstein often encountered people on the street would stop him and ask him to help explain things. 29．The man leg broke in a match used to be a football player. 30．The company’s new train top speed can reach 320 kilometers per hour are already in service. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden release (释放) of energy within the Earth’s crust, causing it to shake. This 31 (usual) happens because the large pieces of the Earth’s surface, called plates, move. Knowing about earthquakes is important because we can stay safe and prepare 32 them. Scientists study earthquakes and use special tools 33 can detect (检测) and measure these shakes. Knowing the patterns (模式) 34 strength of the shakes, scientists can learn where and how strong the earthquakes are. One important thing scientists look for is fault lines (断层线). These are cracks in the Earth where earthquakes are more likely 35 (happen). For example, the Sichuan Province in China has many earthquakes because it is near big fault lines. By 36 (study) these areas, scientists can understand more about earthquakes and how to reduce the damage they cause. Education and being ready are also very important. 37 (school) and communities often practice what to do when an earthquake happens. This 38 (include) taking cover under strong furniture and holding on until the shaking stops. In a word, earthquakes are a major natural event that we need to understand better. Study earthquakes, and we can improve 39 (we) ability to know what time they will happen and keep people safe during these 40 (power) events. 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When you think of winter storms, you likely think of 41 (wake) up in the morning to inches, even feet of snow! While snowstorms may be the more recognizable type of winter storm, there’s another type that can cause as much, or even more damage: ice storms. An ice storm is the result of 42 long-term cold rain event. While ice doesn’t fall from the sky, an ice storm is characterized by cold rain that results 43 thick ice. Ice storms usually happen when the air temperature is at or just above freezing. Ice storms can cause 44 (safe) issues. They can affect road conditions, making travel dangerous, and can damage your home. Thick ice 45 (increase) the weight of branches and power lines, increasing the chances of big trees falling and losing electric service to your home. If they fall onto your houses, probably your roofs or nearby cars 46 (destroy). Worse still, it’s difficult to know when 47 (power) ice storms come. And it is  possible for freezing rain to fall in one location, rain in another and snow in a third. Ice storms can appear in the area 48 hardly ever experiences winter weather. So you must know how 49 (protect) your home from ice storms 50 (effective). 二、单词拼写 51．Many companies are (受苦) from a shortage of skilled staff in some European countries. 52．We have a full load of goods that need to be (递送). 53．He made no (努力) to hide his disappointment. 54．The building was completely (毁坏) by fire. 55．A moderate earthquake (侵袭) the northeastern United States early on Saturday, damaging a lot of buildings. 56．Life isn’t about how to (幸存); it’s about learning to dance in the rain. 57．The (补给品) provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 58．In less than one minute, a large city lay in (废墟). 59．After the lecture, we were asked to write a(n) (概要) by our class teacher. 60．His mother stood there, (挥手) goodbye to him. 61．Students should know what to do in an (紧急情况，突发事件). 62．Please remember to turn off the gas and (电) in your house before going on holiday. 63．She always has her head (埋在) in a book. 64．The small house served as a (遮蔽处，避难处) against the fierce wind and snow on the mountain. 65．The news of his death came as a (震惊) to us all 三、完成句子 66．Much to my surprise, he behaved . 使我非常吃惊的是，他表现得好像什么事也没发生过。 67．Sometimes, , so my education suffered. 有时，我的身体很虚弱，以至于不能去上学，因此我的学习受到了影响。 68．总之，一个好市民应该遵守交通规则。 , a good citizen should observe traffic regulations. 69．They sat there and disbelief. 他们吃惊地坐在那里，不敢相信这是真的。 70．许多向我们这样的公司苦于缺乏熟练的员工。 Many companies like us are a shortage of skilled staff. 71．每年，美国有800次龙卷风，造成80人死亡，1500人受伤。 There are 800 tornadoes in the USA each year, about 80 and 1500 . 72．这个男孩深吸一口气，屏住呼吸跳入游泳池中。 The boy , and then jumped into the swimming pool. 73．我们到达了山顶，累得上气不接下气。 Tired and , we reached the top of the mountain. 74．我安排了与她会面, 我们详细讨论了她的计划。 I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project . 75．尽管面临着许多挑战，但我没有放弃，而是尽全力实现我的梦想。 Though faced with many challenges, I didn’t give up but . 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit4 Natural Disasters 重点单词变形，词组，短语，句型练习 (知识点全覆盖) 单词变形 1．death n．死；死亡→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的→die v．死亡 2．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→effect n．效果；影响→effective adj.有效的→affection n．喜欢；喜爱；感情 3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的 4．electricity n．电；电能→electric adj.电的；用电的→electronic adj.电子的 5．breathe vi.& vt.呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 6．wisdom n．智慧；才智→wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的 7．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n．受难；苦楚 8．erupt vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n．喷发 9．survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者；生还者 10．emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的→emerge vi.浮现；出现 11．deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n．投递；送交 12．length n．长；长度→long adj.长的→lengthen v．(使)变长 核心单词 1．disaster n．灾难；灾害 2．slide vi.& vt.(使)滑行；滑动 3．flood n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 4．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援 5．damage vt.损害；破坏n．损坏；损失 6．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭 7．shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) 8．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏 9．percent n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中 10．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱 11．bury vt.埋葬；安葬 12．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 13．context n．上下文；语境；背景 14．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给 15．tap vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 16．pipe n．管子；管道 17．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静 18．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助 19．crash vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞 20．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫 一、语法填空 1．Wherever you live, it’s necessary for you to learn to prepare for some (emergency). 【答案】emergencies 【详解】考查名词的数。句意：无论你住在哪里，你都有必要学会为一些紧急情况做准备。空处作for的宾语，根据“some (一些)”可知，可数名词emergency“紧急情况”应用复数形式emergencies。故填emergencies。 2．A successful man should have courage, determination and (wise). 【答案】wisdom 【详解】考查名词。句意：一个成功的人应该有勇气、决心和智慧。根据and可知，空处应和courage以及determination并列，所以应填名词作宾语，wise的名词形式是wisdom。故填wisdom。 3．After the timely rain, the dry land showed the signs of (revive). 【答案】revival 【详解】考查名词或非谓语动词。句意：及时雨过后，旱地现出了复苏的迹象。作介词的宾语，应用名词revival，不可数。故填revival。 4．The earthquake (destroy) the building a year ago, which has already been rebuilt. 【答案】destroyed 【详解】考查时态。句意：这座建筑一年前被地震摧毁，现在已经重建了。根据“ a year ago”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，因此动词destroy应用一般过去时，且与主语之间为主动关系。故填destroyed。 5．His quick thinking and courage ensured his (survive) in the face of danger. 【答案】survival 【详解】考查名词。句意：他敏捷的思维和勇气确保了他在危险面前能够幸存下来。根据句意以及上文的his，此处需要用名词形式作宾语，survive 的名词形式是survival， 不可数名词，故填survival。 6．A huge typhoon (strike) our town several years ago and a large number of people became homeless. 【答案】struck 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：几年前，一场大台风袭击了我们镇，许多人无家可归。根据时间状语several years ago意为“几年前”可知，句子应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式struck。故填struck。 7．The war in Mid-East (destroy) many families in the past few years and people alive are suffering. 【答案】has destroyed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：近年来，中东的战争摧毁了许多家庭，幸存下来的人正在遭受痛苦。根据句中的时间状语in the past few years可知，destroy“破坏”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，主语The war in Mid-East为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has destroyed。 8．Rocks and mud (slide) down the hill, blocking the road for two days. 【答案】slid 【详解】考查时态。句意：岩石和泥从山上滑下来，把路堵了两天。结合语境可知，动作发生在过去用一般过去时，故填slid。 9．It was in AD 79 that the city of Pompeii (bury) under a layer of ash seven meters deep. 【答案】was buried 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：公元79年，庞贝城被埋在一层7米深的火山灰下。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文in AD 79可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was buried。 10．There were over 1,000 injuries and (die) in the flood. 【答案】deaths 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这次洪灾中，有超过1000人受伤和死亡。injuries是名词复数形式，与之并列的die也要变为名词复数形式，death是名词，复数形式为deaths，表示“死亡人数”。故填deaths。 11．The (suffer) has decided to give up smoking. 【答案】sufferer 【详解】考查名词。句意：患者已决定戒烟。空处应用名词sufferer“患者”作主语，为可数名词，由has decided可知，空处应用可数名词单数形式。故填sufferer。 12．When there was a power failure, they (trap) in the lift. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】were trapped 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：停电时，他们被困在电梯里。根据前文的was以及句意，可知句子表述过去事实，使用一般过去时。主语they和trap之间为被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were trapped。 13．The people present at the meeting were shocked (see) the boss rush out. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to see 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到老板冲出来，在场的人都惊呆了。be shocked to do sth.固定搭配，意为“吃惊地做某事”，表示情感类的形容词后用动词不定式作原因状语。故填to see。 14．Most of the people all over the world were angry at the (shock) violence. 【答案】shocking 【详解】考查形容词。句意：全世界大多数人都对这场令人震惊的暴力事件感到愤怒。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，shocking，表“令人震惊的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填shocking。 15．Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area in (ruin). . 【答案】ruins 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：两天后，两国之间的战斗使该地区成为一片废墟。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“in ruins”，意为“一片废墟”，故空格处应用“ruins”。故填ruins。 16．He took a few deep breaths to calm (he) down. 【答案】himself 【详解】考查代词。句意：他做了几次深呼吸使自己平静下来。句子的主语和宾语一致，需用主语he对应的反身代词himself，作宾语。故填himself。 17． (affect) by his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. 【答案】Affected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受他的故事影响，许多年轻人开始为残疾人做志愿者工作。affect和逻辑主语many young people之间是被动关系，使用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Affected。 18．The government will take some (effect) measures to deal with it. 【答案】effective 【详解】考查形容词。句意：政府将采取一些有效的措施来处理它。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词measures，句子表示“政府将采取一些有效的措施来处理它”，空格处意为“有效的”，形容词是effective。故填effective。 19．That boy (sweep) up when I left the teaching building. 【答案】was sweeping 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：当我离开教学楼时，那个男孩正在打扫。sweep(打扫)是主句谓语动词，与主语That boy之间是主动关系，结合句意和时间状语从句可知，表示过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，用过去进行时态，主语是单数名词，谓语用单数形式was sweeping。故填was sweeping。 20．In (sum), we have achieved our goal at this meeting. 【答案】summary 【详解】考查名词。句意：总之，我们在这次会议上实现了目标。in summary“总之”是固定短语，名词作宾语。故填summary。 21．The radio says nearly 50 percent of the city has already been (flood) after continuous rain. 【答案】flooded 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：广播中说，在持续降雨后，接近一半的城市已经被淹。says后为宾语从句，从句主语nearly 50 percent of the city与flood“淹没”为被动关系，本空应用过去分词，与空前的has been构成现在完成时的被动语态。故填flooded。 22．You should make friends with a person who is easy (get) along with. 【答案】to get 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该和一个容易相处的人交朋友。be easy to do sth.做某事很容易。根据句意，故填to get。 23．A large percentage of the hotel’s income (be) from the visitors to the lake nearby. 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：酒店收入的很大一部分来自到附近湖泊旅游的游客。句子是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语A large percentage of the hotel’s income表示单数意义，be动词使用is，故填is。 24．If you’re addicted to computer games, you’ll ruin (you). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】yourself 【详解】考查反身代词。句意：如果你沉迷于电脑游戏，你会毁了自己的。空处作宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，使用反身代词，根据句意，为单数。故填yourself。 25．He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother (clean) the table, even the furniture. 【答案】to clean 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他是一个非常懂事的男孩，他经常帮他妈妈擦桌子，甚至家具。aid sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”。故填to clean。 26．The room on the third floor windows face the south is our classroom. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：三楼窗户朝南的房间是我们的教室。这里考查定语从句，先行词The room ，在从句中作定语修饰windows，所以应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 27．The gentle old man is the only person I can trust. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那位慈祥的老人是我唯一可以信任的人。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“person”，指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，先行词前有the only修饰，应用关系代词that。故填that。 28．Einstein often encountered people on the street would stop him and ask him to help explain things. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：爱因斯坦经常在街上遇到一些人，他们会拦住他，请他帮忙解释一些事情。空处引导定语从句，先行词people，在从句作主语，指人，应用关系代词who/that引导。故填who/that。 29．The man leg broke in a match used to be a football player. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在比赛中摔断腿的那个人以前是个足球运动员。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是The man，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作定语，修饰名词leg，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 30．The company’s new train top speed can reach 320 kilometers per hour are already in service. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该公司的新列车最高时速可达320公里，已经投入使用。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词whose引导的定语从句，先行词new train在从句中作top speed的定语成分。故填whose。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Earthquakes happen when there is a sudden release (释放) of energy within the Earth’s crust, causing it to shake. This 31 (usual) happens because the large pieces of the Earth’s surface, called plates, move. Knowing about earthquakes is important because we can stay safe and prepare 32 them. Scientists study earthquakes and use special tools 33 can detect (检测) and measure these shakes. Knowing the patterns (模式) 34 strength of the shakes, scientists can learn where and how strong the earthquakes are. One important thing scientists look for is fault lines (断层线). These are cracks in the Earth where earthquakes are more likely 35 (happen). For example, the Sichuan Province in China has many earthquakes because it is near big fault lines. By 36 (study) these areas, scientists can understand more about earthquakes and how to reduce the damage they cause. Education and being ready are also very important. 37 (school) and communities often practice what to do when an earthquake happens. This 38 (include) taking cover under strong furniture and holding on until the shaking stops. In a word, earthquakes are a major natural event that we need to understand better. Study earthquakes, and we can improve 39 (we) ability to know what time they will happen and keep people safe during these 40 (power) events. 【答案】 31．usually 32．for 33．that/which 34．and 35．to happen 36．studying 37．Schools 38．includes 39．our 40．powerful 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震的发生原因、科学家如何研究地震、断层线与地震的关系，以及教育和准备在应对地震中的重要性。 31．考查副词。句意：这通常是因为地球表面的大块区域，即板块，在移动。修饰动词happens，需用副词usually作状语。故填usually。 32．考查介词。句意：了解地震很重要，因为这样我们可以保持安全并做好应对准备。prepare for为固定搭配，意为“为……做准备”。故填for。 33．考查定语从句。句意：科学家们研究地震，并使用特殊工具来检测和测量这些震动。空处引导定语从句，先行词special tools，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 34．考查连词。句意：通过了解震动的模式和强度，科学家们可以判断出地震发生的位置以及震级大小。空处连接两个并列的名词“patterns”和“strength”。故填and。 35．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些是地球上的裂缝，地震更有可能在这些地方发生。be likely to do sth为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”。故填to happen。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过研究这些区域，科学家们可以更深入地了解地震，以及如何减少地震所造成的损害。空处作介词by的宾语，需用动名词形式。故填studying。 37．考查名词。句意：学校和社区经常会练习在地震发生时应该怎么做。空处和communities并列，需填名词复数形式schools，作主语。故填Schools。 38．考查动词时态。句意：这包括躲在坚固的家具下面，并紧紧抓住，直到震动停止。空处作谓语，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语This为单数，所以谓语动词也用单数形式。故填includes。 39．考查代词。句意：研究地震，我们可以提高预测它们发生时间的能力，并在这些强大事件发生时确保人们的安全。此空需要填入一个形容词性物主代词，修饰名词ability。故填our。 40．考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词events需用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When you think of winter storms, you likely think of 41 (wake) up in the morning to inches, even feet of snow! While snowstorms may be the more recognizable type of winter storm, there’s another type that can cause as much, or even more damage: ice storms. An ice storm is the result of 42 long-term cold rain event. While ice doesn’t fall from the sky, an ice storm is characterized by cold rain that results 43 thick ice. Ice storms usually happen when the air temperature is at or just above freezing. Ice storms can cause 44 (safe) issues. They can affect road conditions, making travel dangerous, and can damage your home. Thick ice 45 (increase) the weight of branches and power lines, increasing the chances of big trees falling and losing electric service to your home. If they fall onto your houses, probably your roofs or nearby cars 46 (destroy). Worse still, it’s difficult to know when 47 (power) ice storms come. And it is  possible for freezing rain to fall in one location, rain in another and snow in a third. Ice storms can appear in the area 48 hardly ever experiences winter weather. So you must know how 49 (protect) your home from ice storms 50 (effective). 【答案】 41．waking 42．a 43．in 44．safety 45．increases 46．will be destroyed 47．powerful 48．that/which 49．to protect 50．effectively 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冰暴的成因、特征、可能带来的问题以及预防措施。 41．考查动名词。句意：当你想到冬天的暴风雨时，你可能会想到早上醒来时看到几英寸，甚至几英尺的雪！由空前of为介词以及提示词为动词可知，此处为动名词形式。故填waking。 42．考查冠词。句意：冰暴是长期冷雨事件的结果。event是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一次长期的冷雨事件”，long-term以辅音音素开头，所以为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。 43．考查固定短语。句意：虽然冰不会从天上掉下来，但冰暴的特点是冷雨导致厚厚的冰。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语results in“导致”，满足句意要求。故填in。 44．考查名词。句意：冰暴会引发安全问题。此处作定语修饰issues，要用safe的名词形式safety，safety issues“安全问题”，满足句意要求。故填safety。 45．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：厚厚的冰增加了树枝和电线的重量，增加了大树倒下的可能性，也增加了你家失去电力供应的可能性。此处为谓语动词的填入，主语Thick ice是不可数名词，句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填increases。 46．考查动词时态和语态。句意：如果它们落在你的房子上，你的屋顶或附近的汽车可能会被摧毁。分析句子可知，该句为If引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，且“roofs or nearby cars”与destroy是被动关系，所以为一般将来时的被动语态结构。故填will be destroyed。 47．考查形容词。句意：更糟糕的是，很难知道强大的冰暴何时到来。此处修饰名词ice storms，要用power的形容词形式powerful，“强大的”。故填powerful。 48．考查定语从句。句意：冰暴可能出现在很少经历冬季天气的地区。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the area，在定语从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 49．考查疑问词+不定式结构。句意：所以你必须知道如何有效地保护你的家免受冰暴的伤害。分析句子可知，此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，此处用how to protect“如何保护”，作know宾语。故填to protect。 50．考查副词。句意：所以你必须知道如何有效地保护你的家免受冰暴的伤害。由副词修饰动词可知，此处修饰动词protect，要用effective的副词形式effectively，“有效地”。故填effectively。 二、单词拼写 51．Many companies are (受苦) from a shortage of skilled staff in some European countries. 【答案】suffering 【详解】考查动词。句意：在一些欧洲国家，许多公司都面临技术人员短缺的问题。“受苦”应用名词suffer，和主语是主动关系，应用现在分词形式与are构成现在进行时，故填suffering。 52．We have a full load of goods that need to be (递送). 【答案】delivered 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们有一车货要送。固定短语“need to be done”。英语“递送”可使用“deliver”，此处主语goods与deliver是被动关系，因此需要使用过去分词形式。故填delivered。 53．He made no (努力) to hide his disappointment. 【答案】effort 【详解】考查名词。句意：他没有努力去隐藏他的失望。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用名词effort，作宾语，构成固定搭配make no effort to do sth.“没有努力做某事”。故填effort。 54．The building was completely (毁坏) by fire. 【答案】destroyed 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：这座建筑被大火完全烧毁了。“毁坏”是destroy，建筑是被毁坏，句子用被动语态，空前有was，空格处用过去分词。故填destroyed。 55．A moderate earthquake (侵袭) the northeastern United States early on Saturday, damaging a lot of buildings. 【答案】struck 【详解】考查动词。句意：一场中等强度的地震在周六早上袭击了美国东北部，造成了许多建筑物的损坏。设空处使用动词作谓语，early on Saturday表示句子描述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“侵袭”用strike，过去式为struck。故填struck。 56．Life isn’t about how to (幸存); it’s about learning to dance in the rain. 【答案】survive 【详解】考查动词。句意：生活不在于如何生存，而在于学会在雨中起舞。根据汉语提示及句意可知，此处使用动词survive，how to后接动词原形。故填survive。 57．The (补给品) provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country. 【答案】supplies 【详解】考查名词。句意：向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集的。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要名词supply“补给品”，在句中作主语。作为“补给品”讲时，该名词通常用复数形式。故填supplies。 58．In less than one minute, a large city lay in (废墟). 【答案】ruins 【详解】考查名词。句意：不到一分钟，一座大城市就变成了废墟。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需使用名词作介词in后的宾语。结合句意，此处“废墟”可使用英语“ruin”，ruin为可数名词，此处与in构成短语“in ruins废墟”。故填ruins。 59．After the lecture, we were asked to write a(n) (概要) by our class teacher. 【答案】summary 【详解】考查名词。句意：讲座结束后，班主任要求我们写一篇总结。根据汉语提示可知应用名词summary，作宾语，不定冠词提示用单数。故填summary。 60．His mother stood there, (挥手) goodbye to him. 【答案】waving 【详解】考查动词，非谓语动词作状语。句意：他的母亲站在那里，向他挥手告别。根据所给句子分析可知，此处需使用动词，充当非谓语，作状语；英语中“挥手”可使用动词“wave”。此处wave为非谓语动词作状语，与主语his mother为主动关系，且与谓语stood为同时发生，因此需使用非谓语动词的现在分词形式，即waving。故填waving。 61．Students should know what to do in an (紧急情况，突发事件). 【答案】emergency 【详解】考查名词。句意：学生应该知道在紧急情况下该做什么。根据汉语提示“紧急情况，突发事件”可知，空格处涉及单词“emergency”，意为“紧急情况，突发事件”，为可数名词，不定冠词“an”后接可数名词单数，作宾语。故填emergency。 62．Please remember to turn off the gas and (电) in your house before going on holiday. 【答案】electricity 【详解】考查名词。句意：去度假前请记得关掉家里的煤气和电。“电”是electricity，是不可数名词，作宾语。故填electricity。 63．She always has her head (埋在) in a book. 【答案】buried 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她总是埋头读书。根据汉语提示“埋在”，可知应填动词bury，且此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，bury与head构成被动，应用过去分词作宾补。故填buried。 64．The small house served as a (遮蔽处，避难处) against the fierce wind and snow on the mountain. 【答案】shelter 【详解】考查名词。句意：这个小房子在山上的狂风暴雪中起到了遮蔽处的作用。根据句意和汉语提示可知，空处需填名词shelter“避难所，收容所”，作宾语，为可数名词，由空前a可知，应用名词单数形式。故填shelter。 65．The news of his death came as a (震惊) to us all 【答案】shock 【详解】考查名词。句意：他去世的消息使我们大家都感到震惊。根据汉语提示可知应用名词shock，作宾语，故填shock。 三、完成句子 66．Much to my surprise, he behaved . 使我非常吃惊的是，他表现得好像什么事也没发生过。 【答案】as if nothing had happened 【详解】考查虚拟语气。“好像”使用as if引导方式状语从句，从句表示与事实相反的情况，使用虚拟语气，使用代词nothing“没什么事情”作主语，“发生”使用动词happen，结合behaved可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，使用过去完成时，故填as if nothing had happened。 67．Sometimes, , so my education suffered. 有时，我的身体很虚弱，以至于不能去上学，因此我的学习受到了影响。 【答案】I was too weak to go to school 【详解】考查固定结构。中英文对比可知缺少“我的身体很虚弱，以至于不能去上学”；主语用I；结合suffered可知句子使用一般过去时，be动词用was；“很……以至于不能……”使用固定结构“too+形容词+to do sth”，“虚弱”使用形容词weak，“上学”使用动词短语go to school，故填I was too weak to go to school。 68．总之，一个好市民应该遵守交通规则。 , a good citizen should observe traffic regulations. 【答案】In summary/In a word/In conclusion/In short/In brief/To sum up 【详解】考查介词短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“总之”，是固定短语in summary/in a word/in conclusion/in short/in brief/to sum up，作状语，修饰整个句子。位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填In summary/In a word/In conclusion/In short/In brief/To sum up。 69．They sat there and disbelief. 他们吃惊地坐在那里，不敢相信这是真的。 【答案】 in shock 【详解】考查介词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“吃惊地”应用in shock，为介词短语，在本句中作状语。故填in shock。 70．许多向我们这样的公司苦于缺乏熟练的员工。 Many companies like us are a shortage of skilled staff. 【答案】 suffering from 【详解】考查短语和时态。suffering  from“遭受……”是固定搭配，且符合句意，suffer用现在分词和are构成现在进行时，陈述目前正在发生的事情。故填suffering  from。 71．每年，美国有800次龙卷风，造成80人死亡，1500人受伤。 There are 800 tornadoes in the USA each year, about 80 and 1500 . 【答案】 causing deaths injuries 【详解】考查动词和名词。造成为“cause”，与上文为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。死亡人数为“deaths”，受伤人数为“injuries”。均有数词修饰，用复数形式。故填causing；deaths；injuries。 72．这个男孩深吸一口气，屏住呼吸跳入游泳池中。 The boy , and then jumped into the swimming pool. 【答案】took a deep breath/breathed deeply, held his breath 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据句意可知，表示“深吸一口气”的动词短语为take a deep breath或breath deeply，表示“屏住呼吸”的动词短语为hold one's breath，主语为The boy，结合句子时态为一般过去时，故填took a deep breath/breathed deeply和held his breath。 73．我们到达了山顶，累得上气不接下气。 Tired and , we reached the top of the mountain. 【答案】out of breath 【详解】考查固定短语。固定短语“上气不接下气”为“out of breath”，故填out of breath。 74．我安排了与她会面, 我们详细讨论了她的计划。 I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project . 【答案】at length 【详解】考查固定短语。中英文对比可知缺少“详细”，此处为固定短语at length, 意为“详细地”, 故填at length。 75．尽管面临着许多挑战，但我没有放弃，而是尽全力实现我的梦想。 Though faced with many challenges, I didn’t give up but . 【答案】spared no effort/made every effort to realize my dream 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。“尽全力做某事”使用动词短语spare no effort或make every effort to do sth.，根据句中didn’t give up可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式，“实现我的梦想”为realize my dream。故填spared no effort/made every effort to realize my dream。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$