2025年暑期八升九外研版语法提高讲义

2025暑期八升九课程大纲(共30h) 第1讲 九大词性 第2讲 动词分类+五种简单句 第3讲 六种时态之三种一般+两种进行 第4讲 六种时态之现在完成时 第5讲 宾语从句 第6讲 定语从句+被动语态 第7讲 状语从句之时间/条件 第8讲 状语从句之原因/目的/结果/让步 第9讲 听力+语法综合测 第10讲 补全对话+应用文阅读 第11讲 记叙文(完型+阅读) 第12讲 说明文(完型+阅读) 第13讲 任务型阅读(回答问题) 第14讲 记叙文写作 第15讲 说明文写作 结课测 (注：语法和题型讲解是安徽省中考通用版本，完型阅读题型文本材料选自于外研九上课文，旨在帮助同学们提前预习词汇和课文内容) 第1讲 九大词性 考点1：名词 名词的形式变化主要有可数名词单数复数、名词所有格、词性转变、固定搭配。 1、 名词单复数（依据：横线前有表示复数的词如a few，lots of，these，those，或者数量词等，或者there be句型中be动词为复数are或were形式） 2、 名词所有格（依据：横线后又是名词且提示词的名词对后面的名词不形成修饰关系，而形成从属关系） 【例1】There are many tall (build) in our city. 【例2】Can you tell me some (different) between the two new words? 【例3】Home rules should be special to your __________ (family) needs. 考点2：动词【两大方向：谓语动词与非谓语动词】 1、 时态 + 语态 2、 非谓语动词的三种形式 [doing,，done，to do] 【注意】实义动词与实义动词是不可能以两个动词原形的形式直接衔接在一起的，后面一个一定会变形。 比如want，play，practice在一起：want play（错），want to play（对），practice to play（错），practice playing（对） 【用to do的其他形式】 1、后置定语（动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面） 如：1、a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会 2、the way to do sth 做某事的办法 3、the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间 4、something to eat 一些吃的东西 5、something to drink 一些喝的东西 6、a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作 7、get / have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会 2、It’s+形容词（adj.）+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样 3、It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考） 4、It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了 【例1】I (do) my homework at home last Sunday. 【例2】Lucy usually (watch) television on Friday morning! 【例3】In five years’ time,1 (become) a university student. 考点3：形容词与副词 1、 形容词比较级与最高级 2. 形容词副词化 【例1】Home is the (warm) place wherever you go. 【例2】Jim studies better than Tom，but Tom is (friendly) and he has more friends. 【例3】We had a football match yesterday. Our fans cheered us on (loud) and we felt more confident. 考点4：代词 1、 宾格（在谓语动词后面） 2、 形容词性物主代词（后面有名词） 3、 名词性物主代词（后面没有名词，前面有of或者前面有be动词等动词） 4、 反身代词（前有和括号里同一类的且做主语成分的代词，此时把括号内的代词改为反身代词） 5. 不定代词（一般以some/ever/any + thing为主，其次是others，another） 【例1】Do you have (something)to say? 【例2】Would you like (every) coffee? 【例3】I bought something for my parents，but nothing for (I). 重点：all, both, either, neither, none all表示“三者或三者以上都”；both表示“两者都”；与all相反的none表示“三者或三者以上都不”, 与both相反的neither表示“两者都不”。either表示“(两者之中)任何一个”, 可以与of连用。 使用范围 都 都不 之一 两者 both neither either 三者或三者以上 all none any [例题] My parents are __________ teachers.我父母都是老师。 There are some trees on __________ side of the road.马路两边都有树。 I like ______________ these two coats.两件大衣我都不喜欢。 考点5：数词考点 1、 基数词变序数词（前一般有the） 2、 基数词变次数（一般只考once，twice） 3、 单位词变复数（主要是百-hundred，千-thousand，百万-million，十亿-billion的用法） 注意： 300名学生——three hundred students（此时hundred后无s） 成百上千名学生——hundreds of students（hundred后有了of则要加s） 【例1】I am to know that (hundred) of people lost their lives in the earthquake. 【例2】How many (time) did you go to Beijing last year? 考点6：介词(动介名) 1、 单一介词（即介词表示某种具体的含义，如方向或时间） 2、 动词、形容词、介词词组中的固定搭配，例如：come/be from，fall in love with…… 注意：介词后面只能接名词性质的词，所以后面要么是名词和代词，要么是动词ing形式。 考点7：连词考点 1. 并列连词(and/but/or) 2.从属连词(三大从句) 考点8：冠词 冠词分类：定冠词（the），不定冠词（a/an） 1、 定冠词与不定冠词的区分：the用于特指，第二次出现，形容词最高级。a/an用于泛指，第一次出现，固定搭配。[根据元音音素来判断用a还是an，【特殊例子特殊记】an + hour / honor / honesty；a + useful / university] 2、 固定词组与搭配：take a walk，have a fever中的a就是固定的，by the way中the也是固定搭配 【例1】It’s unlucky day for me.I lost my new bike this morning. 【例2】Who is tallest girl in your class? 测试日期 课时 学生签名 测试得分 一、名词可数和不可数分类(10’) mother water ability hand factory half goose Englishman father-in-law knowledge accident furniture soup weather office labor hope tea salt clothing reading truth nature climate 可数名词： 不可数名词： 二、选择合适的词完成下列的填空(10’) 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. Do you drink much_____ (milk, milks)? 2. I visited_____ (Tom, Tom's) house yesterday. 3. There are 36____ (boys, boies) in my class. 4.（He / His）_____name is Mark. 5. What’s_____（she / her）name? 6. She gave the books to you, him and_____ （I, me）. 7. Linda has a _____ voice. She can sing ______(beautiful, beautifully). 8. He is more _____ (easy) hurt than any other student in his class. 9. You speak English ___ _______. (good) 10. Jack works _____than John. Mike works _____than Jack. So Mike works _____.(hard) 三、用 a/an/the/\填空(15’) My name's ___1___Paul. I'm twelve years old and I come from __2___ USA. I live in___3____ big city with my parents and my sister, Tania. ___4___name of my city is Seattle. My dad works in __5__bank and my mum is ___6___ teacher. She teaches ___7_____Spanish in a language school. ___8___school is in ___9____ centre of Seattle. My sister and I like ___10____music very much. I play ___11___guitar and she sings. We write ___12____ songs together. She writes___13___lyrics (歌词)and I write___14___music. I'd like to be __15____ musician when I grow up. 四、选择题(15’) 1.Now that Tom hates_______ school, the school becomes_______ prison to him A. a；a B. /；a C. a；/ D. /；/ 2. There were only ______ people who could get _____ money for the work. A. few, many B. little, many C. a few, much D. a little, much 3. The investigators found that more should be done for ______ in India. A. those poor B. a poor C. poor D. the poor 4. I have lost my pen. I can't find _______. I have to buy ______. A. it, it B. that, one C. it, one D. one, it 5. December ______ is Christmas. A. twenty-five B. the twenty-fifth C. the twentieth-five D. twentieth-fifth 6. －What color is ______ orange? －It’s _____ orange. A. an, an B. an, the C. an, / D. /, an 7. _______ travelers come to visit our city every year. A. Hundred of B. Hundreds of C. Five hundreds D. Hundred 8. The students in our class work much harder at English than __ in their class. A. those B. these C. that D. ones 9. I have two sisters. ______of them are doctors. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 10. The book on the shelf is _____. She _____ wrote ______name on its cover. A .Hers; herself; her B. Her; hers; herself C. Herself: her; hers D .Her; herself; herself 11. The head office of the company is in China, but it has ______all over the world. A. companies B. branches c. organizations D. businesses 12. —Do you love your parents? —Yes, of course. _______________in my life is more important than them. A. Something B. Anything C. Everything D. Nothing 13. Look! The bee ________than the bird. A. fly higher B. is flying higher C. as high as D. flies higher 14. It was really an ________story. A. afraid B. excited C. exciting D. worried 15. Hangzhou is one of ____cities I have visited. A. beautiful B. beauitifulier C. more beautiful D. the most beautiful 五、改错题(10’)（根据本章节所学内容，对下面句子中的错误进行改正） 1. We study quite a few subject, such as math, Chinese, English and physics. 2. Some people read books or watch televisions while others have sports in their spare time. 3. What good dinner we were served the other day in that restaurant! 4. He thinks more of others than of oneself. 5. The weather in summer in Beijing is hotter than it in Guangzhou. 6. Good health is person 's most valuable possession. 7. Most of students in my class come from the countryside. 8. The professor keeps on learning foreign languages though he is in his fifty. 9. After a long walk we had a few minute's rest. 10. He runs faster than anyone in our class. 六、翻译题(2.5*8=20) 1. 妈妈悄悄地走进了我的房间。 2. 谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？ 3. 我有两个包，你可以任选一个。 4. 这件衣服我不喜欢，帮我拿另外一件。 5. 我有三条信息要告诉你。 6. 这是我爸爸妈妈的车。 7. 她有几根白头发。 8. 他一个人出去散了散步。 课后作业 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 A student came to his teacher and asked him, “Sir, I have a question. How many 1 should a person have—one or many?” “It is very simple,” the teacher 2 . “Get me that red apple from the 3 branch (树枝) of the tree.” The student looked up and said, “It’s too high! I can’t 4 it.” “Ask a friend. Maybe he can help.” the teacher said. The student called another student and 5 on his shoulders (肩膀) to reach the branch. “I still can’t reach 6 , sir.” said the student sadly 7 the first try. “Don’t you have more friends?” the teacher smiled. The student asked more friends to 8 over. They stood on each other’s shoulders, 9 to make a human pyramid (金字塔). But the apple was so high that they couldn’t go higher and the pyramid fell. The students still couldn’t reach the 10 . Then one of the friends went home, brought a ladder (梯子) and the student 11 picked the apple. After getting the apple, the teacher asked, “So, do you 12 how many friends a person needs?” “I do,” the student said. “Many, so together we can work out any 13 .” “Sounds good,” the teacher said, “You 14 as many friends as you can. There will be at least one 15 person who can think of a good idea, like getting a ladder!” 1．A．cousins B．friends C．brothers D．classmates 2．A．asked B．thought C．wondered D．answered 3．A．biggest B．longest C．highest D．strongest 4．A．see B．reach C．hear D．share 5．A．talked B．fell C．stood D．lied 6．A．it B．you C．him D．them 7．A．as B．after C．before D．without 8．A．get B．turn C．fly D．come 9．A．forgetting B．waiting C．trying D．remembering 10．A．apple B．tree C．friend D．teacher 11．A．nearly B．hardly C．probably D．finally 12．A．hear B．know C．expect D．agree 13．A．rule B．game C．plan D．problem 14．A．have B．tell C．need D．touch 15．A．smart B．funny C．quiet D．outgoing 阅读理解 （24-25八年级下·广东茂名·开学考试） Nianhua    Nianhua is a kind of traditional (传统的) paintings to be put up on walls and windows during the Spring Festival. The earliest form (形式) of nianhua is a picture of a door god (神). Later, more subjects like the Kitchen God, women and babies show up. Usually, colorful Chinese New Year paintings are about people’s everyday life and show wishes for happiness and good luck.          The Lion Dance is a traditional dance in China. Usually, two dancers in special clothes act as a lion—one moves the lion’s head and the other moves the lion’s body and tail (尾巴). They dance to the sounds of gongs (锣) and drums and also play Chinese kung fu. At important festivals, people think the Lion Dance can bring good luck and joy. Hongbao        Hongbao is a gift of lucky money in a small red packet (包). As a way to send good wishes, it is given to children on some special days or the Spring Festival in China and even some other Asian countries. Traditional red packets often have gold Chinese characters (汉字) or symbols on them. 1．In which section of the newspaper can we read the news? A．ART. B．TRADITION. C．SPORTS. D．KIDS. 2．Nianhua first showed up as a painting of ____________. A．a beautiful woman B．a fat baby C．the Kitchen God D．a door god 3．The best heading for the second piece of news would be ____________. A．Dress us as a Lion B．Chinese Kung Fu C．The Lion Dance D．The Sounds of Gongs 4．We can know hongbao ____________. A．can be seen in all Asian countries B．can send good wishes C．has many real Chinese characters on it D．acts as a gift at all Chinese festival. 5．From the material above, we can learn that all the three ____________. A．are the symbols of good luck B．are only popular during the Spring festival C．tell people how to live a better life D．arc all kids’ favorites 第二讲 动词分类+五种简单句 简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。根据句子的功能可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定和否定两种形式，句末通常用句号。 疑问句是用以提问的句子，句末用问号。疑问句又分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 祈使句是用以表示命令、请求或建议的句子，通常省略主语。 感叹句是用以表达快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子，感叹句有用what或how开头的两种形式。 测试日期 课时 学生签名 测试得分 一、知识点回顾（10’） 1. 画出动词分类脑图 二、选择题(10’) 1. Canned food does not go ____. A. bad easily B. badly easy C. bad easy D. badly easily 2. She promised a nice gift_____ me on Christmas Day. A. to B. / C. for D. to give 3. He didn’t enjoy the play because he ____. A. was boring B. bored C. was bored D. boring 4. The cookies ___ good. Could I have some more? A. taste B. smell C. feel D. sound 5. His mother told him ____ on the street. A. not to play B. play C. playing D. played 6. Time would prove me ____. A.to right B. rightly C. right D. to right 7. My mother often buys ____. A.to me story books B. story books me C. me story books D. I story books 8. He finished ____ his homework. A. does B. to do C. do D. doing 9. My father buys breakfast _____ me every day. A. to B. for C. in D. / 10. My mother tells a story _____ me every night. A. to B. for C. in D. / 三、判断下列句子的结构类型(15’) 1. This kind of food tastes terrible. ( ) 2. Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. ( ) 3. The accident happens every year. ( ) 4. The story sounds interesting. ( ) 5. Time can prove me right. ( ) 6. Her father buys her a bicycle as a birthday present. ( ) 7. We are learning TOEFL. ( ) 8. They make him director of the company. ( ) 9. These books sell well. ( ) 10. We hear her sing next door. ( ) 11. I tell him some stories. ( ) 12. I think it best. ( ) 13. They built a house last year. ( ) 14. They have taken good care of the children. ( ) 15. Silk feels soft and smooth. ( ) 四、把下面主谓双宾句式改成主谓+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语翻译(2*15=30) 1、Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. 2. Fetch me some wine. 3、The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 4. Our hotel serves you breakfast in your room. 5、Sandy gave the dog some food. 6、Mother makes the little girl a nice dress. 7. My parents bought me a nice Christmas present. 8. Will you please pass me the book on the desk? 9、He orders the two of them some food. 10. Will you sing us a song? 五、选词填空（5‘） buy lend share teach be My grandma__1__ very generous. She often __2_ money to the poor. She ____3__ pens and books for the children in the remote areas. Whenever I go to see her, she ___4__ me some virtues. She asks to___5__ good things with others. 六、中翻英练习(2*15=30) 1. 他现在看起来不高兴。 2. 他从不撒谎(tell lies)。 3. 她每天回家很晚。 4. 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 5. 我们家乡每年都发生巨大的变化。 6. 每年生日爸爸给我买一辆新自行车。 7. 我弟弟决定今年开始减肥(lose weight)。 8. 奶奶每天给我们讲一个有趣的故事。 9. 我们村庄的农民大量种植蔬菜。 10. 我家门口有一棵大枣(jujube)树。 课后作业 （24-25八年级下·山东潍坊·开学考试）Showing your feelings is important. It is a mistake not to talk to anyone 1 you’re feeling sad, worried or nervous. If you keep bad feelings inside, they can even make you 2 . But if you 3 with someone, like your mum or dad, you’ll usually begin to feel 4 than before. Now you’re not all alone with your problems or worries. 5 it doesn’t mean your problems and worries will 6 magically (神奇地) , at least, someone else understands what’s 7 with you and can help 8 find ways to solve your problems. Your mum and dad want to know if you have 9 . They love you and they want to know what’s happening in your life. But if you don’t want to talk with them, what should you do? Find a trustworthy (可信任的) teacher at school or a relative. Maybe that person can help you deal with your problems. Then you’ll feel as 10 as before. 1．A．what B．when C．how D．which 2．A．sick B．active C．strong D．happy 3．A．tell B．speak C．talk D．say 4．A．worse B．better C．well D．best 5．A．Because B．Though C．So D．Or 6．A．disappear B．appear C．happen D．come 7．A．matter B．more C．wrong D．trouble 8．A．them B．you C．us D．me 9．A．problems B．money C．jobs D．plan 10．A．happily B．bad C．happy D．happier Many people have the wrong ideas about pigs. Pigs are actually (实际上) very clean animals. On the farm, they live in dirty (脏的) places, so they become very dirty. But in the wild, pigs keep themselves very clean. They are also very smart. They may be smarter (更聪明的) than dogs. So pigs can learn things from people. Pigs are very friendly animals. Some people raise (饲养) them as pets. Of course, people raise the small kind, not the big kind. Small pigs are very cute. And they don’ t break things in the house. Big pigs usually live outside on the farm, not in people's homes. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 11．Which words can describe (描述) pigs? A．Scary and lazy. B．Dirty and noisy. C．Scary but friendly. D．Smart and friendly. 12．What does the underlined phrase “in the wild” mean? A．In nature. B．On the farm. C．In dirty places. D．In people’s homes. 13．What can we learn from the passage? A．Pigs like to be dirty. B．People can teach pigs things. C．Dogs are smarter than pigs. D．Only farmers raise pigs. 14．What kind of pigs do people raise in their homes? A．The very big kind. B．The small kind. C．The kind from farms. D．The ugly (丑陋的) kind. 15．What is the writer’s writing purpose (目的)? A．To raise dogs. B．To introduce (介绍) pigs. C．To guess pigs’ dreams. D．To talk about pigs in different countries. 第三讲 六种时态之三种一般+两种进行 考点一 一般现在时 知识梳理 1.构成及动词第三人称单数变化形式 ①谓语动词的构成：do/does ②如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下: 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-s eat→eats; rise→rises 以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches 以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词 变-y为-ies carry→carries; fly→flies 2.一般现在时具体用法 1. 表示经常性的动作，常与usually，always，often，sometimes，never，every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。 On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 星期一早晨，我通常花费一小时开车去上班。 2. 表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。 As we all know, the earth travels around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。 3. 表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等，常用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。 My dream school starts at 8：30 am and ends at 3：30 pm. 我理想的学校上午8：30上课，下午3：30放学。 4. 在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午过来，我们将开个会。 5. 以here/there开头引导的倒装句，表示正在发生的动作/状态 There goes the bell.铃响了。 6. 用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。 The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people in a small town. 这部电影探索了小镇上普通人的日常生活。 【易错提醒】 1. 表示客观真理时，宾语从句不受主句的限制，用一般现在时。 2. if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。 3. be ,like ,hate, sound, believe, want, belong等，常用一般现在时。 4.句型I hope, I bet等候面的that...从句及句型 make sure that从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 即时训练 1．（2024·湖北武汉·一模）—Who is that lady? —She’s Miss Green. She ________ us music, and she is so good. A．taught B．teaches C．has taught D．is teaching 2．（2024·北京房山·二模）My mom ________ zongzi for us every Dragon Boat Festival. I like zongzi with red beans. A．made B．makes C．will make D．has made 3．（2024·吉林长春·三模）Mary’s room is in a mess. there ______ a new computer and too many books on the floor. A．were B．is C．are D．was 4．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—Hello, is that Jim speaking? This is Peter speaking. —Sorry. Jim ________ for the station to meet his father. His train ________ at 2: 30 p.m. A．will leave; will arrive B．leaves; was arriving C．is leaving; was arriving D．is leaving; arrives 考点二 一般过去时 知识梳理 1.构成及动词过去式的变化规则 谓语动词的构成：did 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred 以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked 2.一般过去时具体用法 ①表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。 例1. The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。 例2.He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。 ②表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 例1.When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。 例2.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown 妇访问期间，不论走到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。 ③用于固定句型中。 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...did sth.自从做某事已经一段时间了 would/had rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事 例1.It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。 例2.I’d rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。 例3.It is time that we took action to protect our environment. 该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 ④wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 例1.I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。 例2.Sorry, I didn’t see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。 ⑤在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。 例1.He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他就不去。 例2.He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her. 他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。 ⑥有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示＂本来认为＂。 例1.I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。 例2.I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。 【易错提醒】 1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来； 2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况； 3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。 即时训练 1．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Hi, Judy! I haven’t seen you for a long time. —Yes. I as a volunteer teacher in the northwest of China. I came back last week. A．worked B．am working C．have worked D．work 2．（2024·河北邯郸·一模）Qiu Yumo from Shenzhen ________ AI Button last year. It’s an online AI learning tool for middle school students. A．makes B．made C．was making D．had made 3．（2024·北京房山·二模）— How was your May Day holiday? — Wonderful, I ________ with my parents. We had a great time. A．travelled B．will travel C．travel D．am travelling 4．（2023·安徽·模拟预测）—Has your sister come back from Yunnan? —Yes. She ________ there for two months to help training teachers in the countryside. A．stays B．stayed C．has stayed D．will stay 5．（2024·天津武清·三模）—Have you ever taken the high-speed train from Tianjin to Beijing? —Yes, I ________ it last summer. It’s fast and convenient. A．am taking B．took C．take D．will take、 考点三 一般将来时 知识梳理 1.一般将来时的构成 谓语动词的构成： 1. will/shall＋动词原形 2. be going to＋动词原形 3. be to＋动词原形 4. be about to do sth. 2.一般将来时具体用法 ①一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，即单纯的将来事实。shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 例1.Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？ 例2.He will graduate from Beijing University next year. 明年，他将毕业于北京大学。 ②be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。 例1.What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ 例2.The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 例3.Look at the cloud. It is going to rain. 瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。 ③be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事，或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 例1.We are to obey these rules when we go into the library. 当我们进了图书馆，就要遵守这些规章制度。 ④be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。 例1.The train is about to leave.火车即将开出。 例2.He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 【易错提醒】 be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 3.一般将来时的特殊表达法 a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例1.The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 例2.The train stars in ten minutes. 火车十分钟后发车。 b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。 例1.Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 例2.There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 c. 在时间或条件句中。 例1.When Bill comes ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 例2.I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 【知识拓展】 when引导的时间状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。但when引导的别的从句（如名词性从句或定语从句）中正常使用各种时态。 d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。 例1. I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 例2. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 e.用现在进行时表示将来。下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。 例1.I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 例2.Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗？ 易错辨析 will 用于条件句时，will表意愿 The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. 最好的运动是你喜欢并且愿意做的运动。 be going to 用于条件句时，be going to表将来 If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible. be to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事 I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排) be going to 表示主观的打算或计划 I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) 即时训练 1．（2024·河北邯郸·三模）Come here, Sally! I ________ you some wonderful pictures. A．show B．showed C．was showing D．will show 2．（2024·安徽宿州·二模）— I ________ Mount Huangshan with my parents.     — Really? I really admire you. Have a good time! A．was visiting B．have visited C．will visit D．visited 3．（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）—Do you think ________ more pollution in a few years? —Yes! So we must do something to save the earth. A．there is B．there will have C．there are D．there will be 4．（2024·河北石家庄·三模）—We ________ to Hebei Museum with the exchange students this coming summer holiday. —That’s amazing. A．went B．will go C．go D．have gone 5．（2024·河北邯郸·三模）— Why are you saving money? — Mom’s birthday is around the corner. I ______ a gift for her. A．buy B．bought C．will buy D．was buying 考点四 现在进行时 知识梳理 1. 现在进行时的定义和构成 谓语动词的定义： 现在进行时主要用于表示目前正在进行的动作，有时也可表示现阶段在进行的动作。 The teacher is giving us an English lesson. 老师正在给我们上英语课。 The farmers are getting in their crops. 农民们正在收割庄稼。 We are making preparations for the conference. 我们一直在为会议作准备。 谓语动词的构成：＋doing 2.动词变现在分词的变化规则 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-ing try→trying; cry→crying 以不发音的e结尾的动词， 去掉e，加­ing hate→hating；date→dating 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词， 双写辅音字母加­ing regret→regretting；ban→banning 3.现在进行的具体用法 A. 表示现在（ 指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel.（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。） She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C. 已经确定或安排好的将来活动。 I’m leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了） We’re flying to Paris tomorrow.（票已经拿到了） 在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况： （1）当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。 They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球。 （2）以look，listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。 Listen! She is singing an English song. 听，她正在唱英语歌。 （3）表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week，these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。 We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。 （4）描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。 Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park. 看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。 4.现在进行的特殊用法 名师提醒：有些动词不用于进行时态，常见的有： 1. 感觉类：look, feel, smell, sound, taste, hear 2. 情感类：like ,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等。 3. 心态类：hope, wish, want, need, expect, believe, think ,understand, agree, know, remember等。 I love my dad and mom. 我爱我的爸爸妈妈。 These books belong to Jim.这些书属于吉姆。 即时训练 1．（2024·河北保定·二模）You ________, Frank. Don’t talk on the phone. A．will drive B．have driven C．are driving D．were driving 2．（2024·安徽安庆·三模）—Hello, is Eric busy? —Yes, he ______ the poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu. A．reads B．read C．is reading D．will read 3．（2024·广东汕头·三模）—It’s quite noisy in the classroom. —So it is. All the students ________ happily because of the coming party. A．talk B．are talking C．talked D．were talking 4．（2024·安徽宿州·二模）—You know, new energy technologies in China ______ rapidly these years. —Yes, we can see lots of cars with new energy on the streets. A．are progressing B．will progress C．were progressing D．have been progressed 5．（2024·河北邯郸·一模）Mary always makes careful notes while she ________. A．is read B．will read C．has read D．is reading 6．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—How time flies! Our junior high ________ to an end. —I can’t forget the happy time we have spent together. A．comes B．came C．was coming D．is coming 考点五 过去进行时 知识梳理 1.过去进行时的结构 结构 肯定句 主语+was/were + 现在分词 In 2022，she was studying in a university. 2022年的时候她在上大学。 否定句 主语+was/were not +现在分词 This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV.He was repairing his bike.昨天这个时候，杰克不是在看电视，而是在修理自行车。 一般疑问句 was/were + 主语+ 现在分词 肯定回答： Yes，主语+was / were. 否定回答：No，主语+wasn't / weren't. Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗? Yes，we were./No，we weren’t.是的，我们在打。/不，我们没打。 特殊疑问句 疑问词+was / were＋主语+动词-ing形式 What were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你在做什么? What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么? 时间标志词 then，at that time，at ten yesterday，at this time yesterday，this morning，the whole morning，all day，from nine to ten last evening，when，while等. 2.过去进行的具体用法 1)表示在过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或该动作与过去的另一动作同时发生，这一特定的过去时间通常有时间状语（从句）或由上下文来表示。 The last time I saw Jane，she was picking cotton in the fields. 我最后一次见Jane，她正在地里摘棉花。 It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning.今早六点钟时正在下雨。 2)表示过去一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态，但说话时不一定正在进行。 What was the girl doing at the time of the rainstorm? 暴风雨来临的时候，这个女孩在做什么？ We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨晚7点到9点我们在看电视。 3)表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动，即按计划、安排过去将要发生的事。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 用于come，go，leave，start，arrive， take off等短暂性的动词时，也可以用过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作，用于某些动词。 He said that his sister was getting married next December.他说他妹妹12月结婚。 4)与always，constantly，frequently，forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的，有一定的感情色彩。 They were always quarreling.他们老是吵架。 She was always thinking of others.她老是想到别人。 She was forever complaining.她老是抱怨。 【注意】 现在进行时也有类似用法，但过去进行时是表示过去不断重复的动作，而现在进行时是表示现在不断重复的动作。 5)动词hope，wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉、客气。 I was wondering if you could give me a lift.我不知你能否让我搭一下车。 I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动? 即时训练 1．（2024·河北石家庄·三模）Students in Grade Nine ________ a math exam at this time yesterday. A．take B．took C．were taking D．have taken 2．（2024·福建厦门·二模）—I saw your light was still on at 11:30 last night. —Oh, I ________ for my math test. A．prepared B．am preparing C．was preparing 3．（2024·河北邯郸·三模）I didn’t answer your phone, as I ______ a shower then. A．take B．am taking C．was taking D．will take 4．（2024·江苏常州·一模）—Why are you so worried, Xiao Lei? —Because I ________ extra lessons the whole holiday and haven’t finished my homework. A．was attending B．attended C．have attended D．attend 5．（2024·北京朝阳·二模）Mary ________ the house when her friend called her yesterday evening. A．cleans B．will clean C．is cleaning D．was cleaning 6．（2024·安徽马鞍山·三模）— Do you know the great Chinese poet Li Bai? — Sure. He wrote many poems about the pretty mountains and rivers while he ________ in Anhui. A．travels B．will travel C．was traveling D．has traveled 知识点回顾：以eat为例，写出六种时态的谓语形式(12’) 一、用括号内的动词的正确形式填空。（10’） 1. My mother usually_____(get) up early in the morning. 2. They usually_____(water) them in the morning. 3. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year. 4、When I passed the door, the children (fly) kites on the playground. 5. It ________ (be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside. 6. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 7. They ________ (visit) the Great Wall now. 8. Look, Miss Chen _____________football.（play） 9. What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon? 10. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in. 四．根据要求完成句型转换（4*5’=20’） 1、There were about nine hundred people at the concert.(音乐会) 否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 2、 Last week I read an English book. 否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：________________________________________ 肯定/否定回答：____________________________________ 对划线部分提问：____________________________________ 3 、They played football in the playground. 否定句：____________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________ 肯定回答：____________________________ 否定回答：____________________________ 4. They are singing in the classroom. 否定句：____________________________ 一般疑问句：_________________________ 肯定回答：__________________________否定回答：__________________________ 对“are singing ”提问：__________________________ 对“ in the classroom”提问：__________________________ 课后作业 1. The teacher ________us to come to school on time. A. ask B. asking C. asks D. asked 2. He sits down and ______ a rest. A. having B. have C. to have D. has 3. What did you do at the weekend? _________ A. I visit a lot of places B. I visited lots of places C. We visit lots of places. 4. They ______ there at ten o’clock last Sunday. A. go B. went C. goes 5. ____________ Tom and Jim in the classroom just now? A. Was B. Are C. Were D. Is 6. We ________ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing 7. —___________ you ____________ to the radio? —No, you can turn it off. A. Did, listen B. Have, listened C. Do, listen D. Are, listening 8. It ________ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is 9. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine 10. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon? A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, saw C. were, reading, saw D. were, reading, was seeing （24-25八年级下·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·开学考试）“Thank you” is widely used in our everyday life. It is 1 very good manner. You should say “Thank you” 2 someone helps you or says something good to you. For example, when someone 3 the salt (盐) on the table to you, when someone opens the door for you, when someone says you have do your work well, when someone says you have bought a 4 thing, or your city is very beautiful, you should say “Thank you”. “Thank you” 5 not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives. “Excuse me” is another way 6 your good manners. When you want to walk past the man standing 7 you, you should say “Excuse me” first. When you get lost and want to ask the way, you’d better keep smiling and say “Excuse me”. If you want to have 8 with one of them, please say “Excuse me” first, and then begin to talk. You should 9 say it when you want to cough or make any unpleasant 10 before others. 1．A．the B．/ C．an D．a 2．A．how B．what C．when D．where 3．A．throws B．catches C．passes D．adds 4．A．terrible B．nice C．gray D．boring 5．A．uses B．is using C．is used D．used 6．A．show B．to show C．showed D．showing 7．A．in front of B．behind C．next to D．besides 8．A．a dinner B．a word C．a play D．a sign 9．A．also B．as well C．either D．too 10．A．laughter B．noise C．voice D．shout （24-25八年级下·吉林长春·开学考试）The bamboo train is also called “norry” in the Cambodian language. Different from a traditional train, the bamboo train is a bamboo board placed on two sets of wheels. It has a small engine (引擎), usually from a motorcycle. The bamboo train came around the 1980s, after the Civil War (内战) in Cambodia. This war destroyed many roads and railways in the country. At first, the bamboo train was invented for sending things and people on the railway. Today, it has become a symbol of countryside life in Cambodia and a full experience for visitors. A bamboo train can carry up to four passengers, not including the driver. It can run up to 40 km/h on the railway. Riding the bamboo train is an unforgettable experience. The journey takes about 30 minutes. During the ride, you can enjoy green fields, small villages and so on in the open air. It costs about 5 dollars each person for one-way trip, and 10 dollars for a round trip. The bamboo train is available all year round, but the best time to ride it is during the dry season from November to early May. The weather during these months is warm and nice, making it perfect for a ride. Also, keep in mind that the bamboo train can be busy on holidays and weekends, so riding on a weekday might be better if you want a quieter trip. Riding the bamboo train in Cambodia provides a special mix of history, culture, and fun. If you visit Cambodia, don’t miss the chance to ride the bamboo train! 根据短文和图片内容，选择最佳答案。 1．What can we learn about the bamboo train? A．It has a big engine. B．It just has two wheels. C．Its structure is simple. D．It is called “norry” by visitors. 2．What was the bamboo train used to do in the beginning? A．To attract more tourists. B．To show the countryside life. C．To help build new railways in damaged areas. D．To transport goods and passengers after the war. 3．How many people is a bamboo train able to hold at most? A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Ten. 4．Why might it be better to ride the bamboo train on weekdays? A．Because it is cheaper. B．Because it is less busy. C．Because the sight is better. D．Because the bamboo train runs faster. 5．What would be the best structure of the passage? A．①/②③/④⑤ B．①②/③/④⑤ C．①/②③④/⑤ D．①②/③④/⑤ 第四讲 六种时态之现在完成时 知识梳理 1.现在完成时基本结构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 ①肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语. ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词）+宾语. ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语. ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） 2.动词变过去分词规则 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 加-ed play→ played→played ; discuss→discussed→discussed 以不发音的-e结尾的动词 加-d like→ liked→ liked; live →lived→ lived 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed stop→ stopped →stopped; plan →planned →planned; skip →skipped→ skipped; occur→ occurred →occurred; 3.现在完成时的具体用法 ①表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用的时间状语：already，so far，never，just，before，recently，for a long time，in the past/last few years等。 Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. 在过去的10年中我们的城市发生了很大变化。 ②现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)，常与for(+时间段)，since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如： He has lived here since 1990. 自从1990年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1990年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) 注意：for和since的用法。 ①for + 时间段 译为：……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为：自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 注意：瞬间动词(buy, die, join, lose...)与for 或since引导的时间段连用时，要改变成延续性动词。变化如下：　　 come/arrive/reach/get to→be in 　　 go out→be out 　　 finish→be over 　　 open→be open 　　 die→be dead 　　 buy→have 　　 Fall ill→be ill 　　 Come back→be back 　 Put on→be on/wear 　　 worry→be worried 　　 Catch a cold→have a cold ③现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。 Please return the book to me when you have finished it.当你读完这本书请归还给我。 4.现在完成时的特殊句式 用于现在完成时的固定句型： 1. 在“It/This is/will be the first/second/third ... time＋that从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们第一次作为一家人在电影院看电影。 2.It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已经……”。 It is/has been ten years since I graduated from the university. 我大学毕业已十年了。 【名师提醒】 1. 注意避免思维定式：一看到for＋时间段，就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时)，还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。 2.非延续性动词leave， arrive， come， go， return， join， die， buy， borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段，since＋时间点或how long等状语连用，要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。 [误]I have bought the car for a year. [正]I have kept the car for a year. 这辆车我买了有一年了。 即时训练 1．（2024·四川雅安·三模）In the last few years, China ________ great achievements in the environmental protection. A．had made B．was making C．has made D．is making 2．（2024·江苏南京·三模）In China, you can see people playing basketball in parks, schools and even factories. Basketball ______ a popular sport to play and watch. A．has become B．was becoming C．will become D．became 3．（2024·江苏镇江·二模）—All the students ________ a lot in the last 3 years of junior high. —Yes, in many ways, especially their values on love and respect. A．were changing B．had changed C．are changing D．have changed 4．（2024·海南省直辖县级单位·二模）—Have you heard of Sora? It can create videos from texts in one minute. —Yes. And everything in the videos looks so real. AI ________ rapidly in recent years. A．is developing B．will develop C．has developed 5．（2024·江苏常州·三模）—What a beautiful bike! How long have you ________ it? —For just three days. A．bought B．had C．received D．hired 6．（2024·广东汕头·二模）The Reader ______ popular with a great many people since it first came out on CCTV in February. A．is B．was C．will be D．has been 7．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）—Millie is worried about her brother who has joined the medical team to Africa. —He is so brave! I wonder ________. A．how long he has been to Africa B．whether he has gone to Africa before C．how many times he has been in Africa D．how soon he will return from Africa 易混时态辨析 1.一般现在时态与现在进行时态 一般现在时态 现在进行时态 概念 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示主语具备的性格和能力，或陈述客观真理 表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作 构成 ①主语+be+其他 ②主语+实义动词+其他 ③主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他 主语+be (am，is，are)+v.-ing+其他 时间状语或标志词 always，usually，often，sometimes， every day/week/ month/ year..，on Sunday， in the morning等 now，right now，at the moment， today，these days，look，listen， It’s...o’clock.等 表示情感、意识（如want，like，know等）以及表示“有”的have等动词，一般不用于现在进行时，但可用于一般现在时 例：I walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学。 My brother usually gets up at 6 o’clock 我弟弟通常在六点起床。 Alice doesn’t like playing soccer. 艾丽斯不喜欢踢足球。 The moon goes around the earth. 月球绕着地球转。 Tom is walking to school now. 汤姆现在正步行去学校。 My grandmother is exercising in the park 我姥姥正在公园里锻炼。 My brother is always working hard. 我哥哥一直学习很努力。 2.一般过去时与过去进行时 一般过去时侧重说明过去发生的动作的事实，往往已经完成。 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，侧重强调动作的持续，一般还没有完成。 例1. They built a skyscraper. 他们建了一座摩天大楼。（已经完成） 例2. They were building a skyscraper.他们正在建一座摩天大楼。（没有完成） 例3. He took exercise after he got up.起床后他去锻炼身体了。 例4. He was taking exercise when he met Mr Smith.他在锻炼身体时碰到了史密斯先生。 3.一般过去时与现在完成时 ①侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。如： I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影） Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑） Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天） ②时间状语不同 现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及＂for+段时间＂，＂since+过去时间/从句＂等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与＂时间段+ago＂，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。如： She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 即时训练 1．（2024·安徽安庆·三模）—Mum, could I watch the movie YOLO (《热辣滚烫》) starring Jia Ling tonight? —Of course, if your homework ______. A．finishes B．finished C．was finished D．is finished 2．（2024·江苏扬州·三模）—Hello, Sandy. This is Jack. What are you doing? —I’m watching a match. It started at 7:00 p.m. and on for another half an hour. A．has been B．has lasted C．had been D．will be 3．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）—Look, I ________ the Chinese painting. —Wow, truly beautiful! A．finish B．have finished C．will finish D．am finishing 4．（2024·江苏扬州·二模）Peter called to tell his mother that he ________ home before 9 p.m., but he broke his promise. A．returned B．will return C．would return D．had returned 5．（2024·江苏南京·二模）—Hello, Mr. Wu! I didn’t expect to see you in Yunnan. —Well, I ________ as a volunteer teacher here for 3 months and I will go back to Nanjing soon. A．worked B．will work C．have worked D．was working 6．（2024·江苏泰州·三模）—Mum, I’ve got a problem with my computer. Could you help me? —Sorry, not right now. I ________ fish in a new way. A．cook B．have cooked C．am cooking D．was cooking 7．（2024·江苏·二模）—The painting Zhubaoping’an means “I wish you a safe and healthy life”. —The bamboo seems to be alive and the leaves look like they __________. A．are dancing B．were dancing C．will dance D．dance 8．（2024·安徽合肥·三模）—Dad, you ________ to come back earlier. But it’s midnight now! —I’m sorry, Lina. I will spend more time with you tomorrow, OK? A．promised B．are promising C．promise D．will promise 9．（2024·安徽淮北·三模）Tom ________ his bike to school every day since he was in Grade 6. He thinks it is good for the environment. A．rides B．has ridden C．rode D．is riding 10．（2024·北京朝阳·二模）I ________ in a program in the National Museum this summer holiday. A．volunteer B．volunteered C．was volunteering D．will volunteer 11．（2024·北京石景山·二模）I ________ an email to Jim when he called me. A．write B．am writing C．was writing D．will write 12．（2024·广东汕头·三模）—Many cities have MOBIKE now. ________ you ever ________ a Mobike? —No, but I hope to have a try this weekend. A．Do; ride B．Did; ride C．Have; ridden D．Will; ride 13．（2024·湖北武汉·一模）—Before every play, I feel nervous and uncertain if I ________ well. —Take it easy! Just try to imagine you’re in an empty theater. A． perform B．performed C．have performed D．will perform 知识点回顾：以sleep为例，写出六种时态的谓语形式(12’) 中翻英练习(10*3’=30’) 1. 我对美国历史所知不多。 2. 三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。 3. 我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边。 4. 格林先生去年住在中国。 5. 电影已经开始十分钟了。 6. 现在是晚上 10 点钟，她可能已经上床了。 7. 他已经睡了十个小时了。 8. 他没有打算住那座小屋。 9. 昨天这个时候，一些学生在植树,一些学生在给小树浇水。 10. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 课后作业 （24-25八年级下·甘肃天水·开学考试）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One sunny day, a little boy named Tim was playing in the park. He saw an old man sitting on a bench, looking a bit sad. Tim walked up to him and 1 “Hello, sir. Why do you look so sad?” The old man 2 at Tim and said, “I planted a beautiful flower last spring, but it still hasn’t bloomed (开花). I’m afraid it never will. ” Tim looked at the flower pot beside the old man. The plant in it was small and green, but indeed there were no 3 “Don’t worry, sir,” Tim said 4 “Flowers need time to grow. Maybe it will bloom next year. ” The old man 5 a little and said, “You’re a kind boy. But I’m getting old, and I’m not sure if I can wait that long. ” Tim thought for a moment and then said, “Sir, you planted the flower for yourself to enjoy its beauty, right? Even if you don’t see it bloom, you’ve already 6 the process of growing it. That’s something to be happy about. ” The old man was 7 by Tim’s words. He realized that he had been too focused on the result and forgotten the joy of the journey. “You’re right, little boy,” he said with a big 8 “Thank you for reminding me.” From that day on, the old man no longer felt sad. He watched the little plant grow every day, 9 forward to the day it would bloom. And Tim, he learned an important lesson too — that life is not just about the destination, but also about the 10 we take to get there. 1．A．asked B．told C．said D．shouted 2．A．looked B．pointed C．laughed D．cried 3．A．leaves B．roots C．buds D．stems 4．A．angrily B．sadly C．kindly D．loudly 5．A．smiled B．frowned C．nodded D．shook 6．A．enjoyed B．missed C．hated D．regretted 7．A．touched B．surprised C．taught D．inspired 8．A．cry B．sigh C．laugh D．smile 9．A．looking B．going C．coming D．running 10．A．path B．way C．road D．journey （24-25八年级下·辽宁抚顺·开学考试）How much food do you buy each week? Do you finish everything that you buy? If not, what will you do with the leftover (吃剩的) food? Save it for another time or throw it into the bin (垃圾箱)? Throwing away unwanted food has become a big problem. Most food waste happens at supermarkets. After all food has a pull date (保质期). If it is past that date, supermarkets will throw away lots of food, especially those vegetables and fruit that are the wrong shape or have gone bad. Or they may give discounts (折扣), such as “buy one get one free” , in order to encourage customers to buy more than they need. In Denmark, a woman called Selina Juul has been working hard to solve this problem. She moved from Russia many years ago and was surprised to see the abundance of food available (供应的丰富食物) in the supermarkets. And she found that people were buying more than they needed and throwing too much away. She advised some supermarkets to stop selling their food in bulk (批量) so that people bought only what they needed. She made a leftover cookbook and set up an education program in schools, which has helped cut food waste by 25%. Clearly, we need to think twice when we put something in our shopping bags. When we are at home we should make full use of the food we have. If there is excess (过量的) food, we can share it with our friends and neighbors. 1．Why do supermarkets throw away lots of food? A．Because it is the wrong shape. B．Because there is too much food. C．Because it is past the pull date. D．Because it is much too cheap. 2．Supermarkets may encourage customers to buy more than they need ________. A．by giving away some food B．by providing more food C．by throwing away some food D．by giving discounts 3．What advice did Selina Juul give to supermarkets? A．To stop selling their food in bulk. B．To sell their food at a low price. C．To give some food to customers for free. D．To stop selling too much food. 4．What’s the article mainly about? A．A leftover cookbook B．How to save food and cut waste C．The abundance of food available D．How to buy food in supermarkets 第5讲 宾语从句 宾语从句的否定转移。 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 【误】I think he can’t come this evening. 【正】I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now. 【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 【知识拓展】 含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如： I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？ He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？ 即时训练 1．—Eric, do you know ________? —Yes, I know. It shows China has become stronger in the world. A．what the meaning of the Spring Festival is B．if foreigners are interested in the Spring Festival C．that the Spring Festival becomes a United Nations holiday 2．“We have forgotten how to be good guests and how to walk lightly on the earth as other living things do.” The sentence tells us ________. A．why should we take care of the earth B．what we can do to improve our manners C．whether we are rude to other living things D．that it is important to protect the environment 3．Young people are always told _________. A．if they should be more independent B．why should they be more independent C．that they should be more independent D．how should they be more independent 4．The idiom (成语) “one leaf knows autumn” tells us ________. A．why leaves fall in autumn B．how important the leaves are in autumn C．which kind of leaf knows autumn is coming D．that a falling leaf reveals the coming of autumn 5．He is so clever and I never doubt ________ he can work out problem. A．if B．whether C．that D．what 用whether，不用if的情况 ①与 or 连用分别引导两个从句时，或强调两方面的选择, 特别是句中有or not时用whether，不用if。 I don’t know whether or not they will come. 我不知道他们是否会来。 I don’t know whether he is wrong or she is wrong. ②在介词之后只能用whether引导宾语从句，而If则不能。 It depends on whether I have enough time. 那取决于我是否有足够的时间。 Success depends on whether we make enough effort. I haven’t settled the question of whether I’ll go back home. ③宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，用whether，不用if。 Whether this is true, I can’t say. Whether he is single, I don’t know. Whether this is true, I can’t say. ④在某些动词（如discuss，decide）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。 We discussed whether we should close the shop. （虚拟语气） ⑤在动词不定式之前只能用whether。 He doesn’t know whether to go or not. 他不知道是否会去。 Please tell us whether to go there or stay here. 请告诉我们是去那里还是待在这里。 即时训练 1．Could you please tell me ________? A．that Tom won the second prize in the singing competition B．where are you going to travel C．if you can help me solve these problems 2．—Would you mind telling me ________ he will attend the environmental meeting? —Of course not. He will attend it on time. A．though B．if C．unless 3．—Excuse me, I wonder _________. —Yes, it’s near the bookshop. A．when she will give a call B．if there is a new post office C．where we will go for the holiday D．whether we can go to HongKong 4．—I wonder ________. —Yes, it tastes really good. A．if this kind of zongzi is delicious B．where I can buy this kind of zongzi C．how much we should pay for this kind of zongzi 5．—Will you go to the cinema with me tomorrow, Tom? —I’m not sure. I don’t know _________ the work on time. A．whether will I finish B．whether I will finish C．where can I finish D．where I can finish 注意： 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“主句＋连接词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如： （1）由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子： How much does this coat cost? → I want to know how much this coat costs. Where did you go yesterday? → Please tell me where you went yesterday. （2）当疑问代词what、who在特殊疑问句中作主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来作宾语时，语序不需要调整。 What’s wrong with you? 怎么了？ → He asked the girl what was wrong with her. What’s the matter? 怎么了？→ He asked the girl what was the matter. What has happened to him?→ We want to know what has happened to him. 即时训练 1．—Excuse me. Could you please tell me ________? —Sure. Go along this street and turn left. It’s on your right. A．when I can get to the bookstore B．how can I got to the bookstore C．how I can get to the bookstore 2．—Could you tell me ________? —They returned to the Earth on April 30th, 2024. A．how did the astronauts of Shenzhou 17 return to the Earth B．how the astronauts of Shenzhou 17 returned to the Earth C．when did the astronauts of Shenzhou 17 return to the Earth D．when the astronauts of Shenzhou 17 returned to the Earth 3．—Would you like to tell me ________? —Of course. Practice makes perfect. A．when can I learn English well B．why do you learn English well C．how I can learn English well D．what can I do to learn English well 4．—Could you tell me ________ this year? —We watched the dragon boat races and ate zongzi. A．how you celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival B．where you celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival C．how did you celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival D．where did you celebrate the Dragon Boat Festiva 5．—Could you tell me ________? —Once a month. A．how often do you go to the supermarket B．how often you go to the supermarket C．how soon you will go to the supermarket 时态训练 1．—Excuse me. Could you please tell me ________? —Yes. It’s next to the supermarket. A．where the bank is B．where is the bank C．where the bank was D．where was the bank 2．—The giant panda Ya Ya has come back from the USA．Do you know ________? —For about 20 years. A．how long she will stay in the USA B．how long she stayed in the USA C．how long will she stay in the USA D．how long did she stay in the USA 3．The researchers of HUAWEI made an effort to describe ________ when their latest phone came out. A．whether 5G technology will change people’s life or not B．why 5G technology would improve the customers’ experience C．how soon would 5G technology be widely used around the world D．that 5G technology makes higher-quality video streaming (流媒体) 4．—What did the teacher say just now? —He asked me ________. A．who I am shouting at B．why I looked angry then C．when I will go to the concert D．how could I do the maths problem 5．Father once told me water ________ three forms: solid, liquid and gas. A．will have B．had C．has D．is having 课后作业 （24-25八年级下·广东惠州·开学考试）A long time ago, there was a big apple tree. A little boy always played around it. When the boy got 1 , he didn’t play around it. One day the tree said, “ 2 and play with me.” The boy answered, “Now I only want toys. I need 3 .” “Sorry, I don’t have money, 4 you can sell the apples for some money.” The boy did so and left his home 5 . After a few years, the boy came back and the tree was so excited. The tree said, “Come and play with me.” The boy said, “Sorry, I am too 6 . I have to work for my family. I need a 7 .” “You can cut off my branches (树枝) and trunk (树干) for a house,” answered the tree. The boy did so. Twenty years later, the boy came back again. “My boy, the 8 thing left is my dying roots (树根),” said the tree. “I don’t need much now, just a place to rest. I am too 9 these years,” answered the boy. “Come here, sit down with me.” The tree then smiled with tears. This is a story of everyone. The tree is our 1 0 . No matter what we need, our parents will always be there and give everything they have. 1．A．younger B．older C．angry D．quiet 2．A．Come B．Go C．Stop D．Look 3．A．paper B．water C．glue D．money 4．A．if B．so C．but D．because 5．A．sadly B．happily C．friendly D．carefully 6．A．busy B．afraid C．lucky D．bored 7．A．phone B．car C．house D．worry 8．A．good B．bad C．difficult D．only 9．A．fast B．tired C．rich D．poor 10．A．friends B．time C．life D．parents （24-25八年级下·山东泰安·阶段练习）When Chinese people talk about Chinese tea culture today, they won’t miss an important person in Chinese history—Lu Yu, respected as the “Sage of Tea (茶圣)” for his achievements in the Chinese tea culture. He is best known for The Classic of Tea, the first work on growing, making and drinking tea. Lu was born in Jingling in 733 A．D．As a child he became a student of Zou Fuzi. Thanks to his teacher’s guidance, he learnt a lot. He often made tea for his teacher. He also took care of his fellow students’ health using his knowledge on tea and herbs. Lu Yu often went to the countryside to gather tea leaves and herbs. On one of those trips, Lu Yu found a spring. The water was quite clear and clean. When Lu made tea with the spring water, he found the tea tasted better than usual. From then on, he realized the importance of water quality in making tea. In 752 A．D．Lu Yu finished his studies and returned to Jingling, where he met Cui Guofu. Both men shared the same interests in tea, literature (文学) and poetry. They soon became good friends. Since then the two spent much time traveling. This period was important to Lu Yu as a man of literature. Cui, with his rich experience and skills in writing, became a coach of Lu. He provided necessary help with Lu’s writing. It was during the time that Lu finally wrote the amazing work. 1．The Classic of Tea is a book about _________. ① Lu Yu’s achievements ②how to grow tea  ③ways of drinking tea ④how to make tea      ⑤ways to find tea leaves A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③⑤ D．②③⑤ 2．What can we learn from Paragraph 3? A．Lu went to the countryside to look for spring water. B．Water quality plays an important part in making tea. C．Lu Yu found a spring on his first trip to the countryside. D．Tea leaves are more important than water making tea. 3．Which of the following is NOT true about Cui Guofu? A．He had rich experience and writing skills. B．He was a friend as well as a coach of Lu Yu. C．He returned to Jingling together with Lu in 752 A．D． D．He offered help to Lu when Lu wrote the amazing book. 4．What is the best tile for the passage? A．Chinese Tea Culture B．Lu Yu and His Teachers C．The “Sage of Tea” and His Achievements D．Lu Yu—a Man of Literature 第6讲 定语从句+被动语态 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语。 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后 知识梳理 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 即时训练 1．Jingyuetan National Forest Park is the place ________ I like to visit most. A．that B．when C．what D．who 2．The hero in my heart is the one ______ spreads ideas to encourage the people in need. A．where B．that C．which D．whom 3．The Greens met with lots of things ________ interested them on their journey. A．who B．that C．whom D．what 4．—Yang Jie, director of Journey to the West, passed away on April 15th at the age of 88. —She created the most watched TV play _______ has been re-aired more than 3,000 times since 1986. A．what B．who C．that D．/ 5．We were encouraged by the speech ________ was given by the expert. A．who B．which C．what 6．The live concert by Zhang Jie ________ was held in Hohhot on 18th May 2024 drew thousands of fans from other cities. A．what B．which C．when D．who 7．—Have you ever heard the popular chant (儿歌), We Dig Dig a Hole (挖呀挖) . —Yes, it has the funniest words________ I can sing along with. A．that B．who C．what D．which 8．I really like the girl ________ hair is blond. A．who B．whom C．whose D．that 9．Friendship is the most valuable treasure in life. A true friend is someone ________ knows all about you and still stays around you. A．which B．that C．who 10．Nie Er wrote many pieces of music ________ inspired Chinese people to fight for the bright future. A．which B．who C．what 11．—Do you know the pretty girl with ________ your neighbor is talking? —Of course. She is a classmate of ________. A．which; me B．who; my C．whom; mine 语态概述 语态：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中，动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。（主动语态） The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。（被动语态） 相关概念 1.含义：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子中主语和谓语动词的关系.如果主语是动词的执行者，则使用 语态，如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用 语态. 2.主动语态变被动语态 主动语态： The boy broke the window yesterday. ↓↓ 动作执行者 动词主动形式 动作承受者 被动语态: The window was broken by the boy yesterday. 动作承受者 动词被动形式 动作执行者 3.构成： (1)肯定句：主语+ be + done(过去分词) + (by...). ·英语被许多人说.English many people. (2)否定句：主语+ be not + done(过去分词) + (by...). ·这条路不经常被使用.This road very often. (3)一般疑问句：Be+主语+done(过去分词)+(by...)? ·那座桥是被建在长江上吗? that bridge over the Changjiang River? (4)特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+done(过去分词)+(by...)? ·电话是什么时候被发明的? the telephone ? 4.知识拓展：注意人称，时态和数的变化.（以give为例） 时态 主动语态 被动语态结构 一般现在时 give/gives 一般过去时 gave 现在进行时 is/am/are giving is/am/are been given 过去进行时 was/were giving was/were been given 一般将来时 shall/will give 现在完成时 have/has given have/has been given 情态动词 must/can/may give 一 句型转换 1.He invited us to dinner last night. (被动语态) We ____________ ____________ to dinner last night. 2.The boy broke the vase. (被动语态) The vase ____________ ____________ by the boy. 3.We sweep the floor every day. (被动语态) The floor ____________ ____________every day. 4.She often dust the cupboard. (被动语态) The cupboard ___________ often___________. 5.The man painted the wall blue. (被动语态) The wall___________ ___________ blue. 6. They had lunch at school yesterday.(改为被动语态) Lunch __________ __________at school yesterday. 7. The museum was built by them.( 改为主动语态) They __________ the museum. 8. She put the camera on the bed just now. (改被动) The camera ________ ________ on the bed by her just now. 9. My uncle sent me a present last year. (改为被动语态) A present__________ __________to me by my uncle last year. 10. Students can’t take magazines out of the room. (改被动语态) Magazines can’t ______ _______out of the room by students. 二 单项选择 ( ) 1. English ____ in many countries, but we Chinese ___ their own language. A.is spoken; speaks B. is spoken; speak C.is spoken; is spoken D. speaks; is spoken ( ) 2. The room _________ into（闯进）last week. A. was broken B. broke C. broken D. breaks ( ) 3. I ________ by them at the door. A. saw B. seen C. was seen D. see ( ) 4. They ________ by Tom. A. are invited B. invite C. invited D. are inviting ( )5. My hair__________ once a month. A. are cut B.is cut C. cut D.is cutting ( )6. English teachers_______ in many schools. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need ( ) 7.This song ________ girls in my class. A is often sang by B.is often sung C.is often sung by D.is often sing ( ) 8. A high wall________ the prison(监狱). A. surrounds B. is sorrounded ( )9. The ground is__________ with snow. A. cover B. covered C. covering ( ) 10.He_________ the book on the shelf yesterday. A. put B. is put C. was put D. puts ( )11.----Did you _____ your shoes? ----Yes, it_____ under the bed. A. find, found B. see, find C. find, was found D. found, was found 课后作业 （24-25八年级下·河北衡水·开学考试）There are many cartoons around the world, such as Popeye (《大力水手》) and Tom and Jerry (《猫和老鼠》). They are very 1 . Many people like them a lot. My favorite 2 is Boonie Bears. Do you know it? It 3 in China in 2012. Many children love watching it on TV. There are two bears and a man in this cartoon. The man’s name is Vick. The two bears are 4 . The elder brother is clever. The younger brother is strong and he likes eating delicious food. The elder bear always tries to 5 the best in the younger one. Vick always wants to 6 trees to make money. To protect (保护) the forest, the two bears decide to 7 against Vick. The two bears are brave and funny, so they 8 win the hearts of many children. This cartoon is funny from beginning to end. It is popular 9 children as well as young people. It tells people it is our duty to protect the 10 . When you watch it, I believe it can make you happy. 1．A．wonderful B．boring C．similar D．careful 2．A．joke B．ticket C．cartoon D．program 3．A．lost B．appeared C．replied D．went 4．A．teachers B．friends C．brothers D．parents 5．A．come out B．give out C．look out D．bring out 6．A．cut down B．cut in C．look for D．look into 7．A．fight B．play C．run D．speak 8．A．seriously B．probably C．successfully D．loudly 9．A．at B．in C．for D．with 10．A．experience B．temperature C．pollution D．environment （24-25八年级下·山东泰安·阶段练习）Who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams (1860-1935) Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She created shelters (避难所), education opportunities (机会) and services for people in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Noble Peace Prize. Marie Curie (1867-1934) Polish-born scientist Marie Curie discovered that some types (类型) of metal (金属) give off energy called radiation (辐射能). Her research led to new medical treatments (治疗) and arms (武器). She received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1903 and in chemistry in 1911. Rachel Carson (1907-1964) Rachel Carson was born in the rural (乡下的) river town of Springdale, Pennsylvania in America. The popular book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson made people realize the dangers and the harmful effects (影响) of pollution on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Margaret Thatcher (1925-2013) In 1979, Margaret Thatcher became Britain’s first woman Prime Minister (首相). She served until 1990, which made her the first British leader to serve three terms in a row. Because of her high standards (标准) and strong will, people called her Britain’s Iron (铁) Lady. Angela Merkel (1954-) In 2005, Germans chose Angela Merkel as their first woman leader of the country. She had been a scientist in the past. As Germany’s leader, she has had an effect on the whole world. 1．Who is still alive? A．Rachel Carson. B．Margaret Thatcher. C．Angela Merkel. D．Jane Addams. 2．Who won the Nobel Prize? A．Jane Addams and Marie Curie. B．Jane Addams and Margaret Thatcher. C．Marie Curie and Angela Merkel. D．Marie Curie and Rachel Carson. 3．We can infer (推断) from the text that Rachel Carson worked to _______. A．help the poor B．teach English C．protect the environment D．protect the rights of women 4．What do Angela Merkel and Margaret Thatcher have in common? A．Both of them were scientists before coming to power. B．Both of them are the first woman leader of their country. C．Both of them are famous for being strict. D．Both of them have worked for three terms. 第7讲 状语从句之时间/条件 状语从句: 一个从句在句中相当于一个副词，一般用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，在句中表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较等意义。 分类：让步状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句、比较状语从句等。 状语从句 从属连词(作引导词) 时间状语从句 when/while/as“当……的时候”,as“随着；一边……，一边……”,before“在……之前”；after“在……之后”,(ever)since“自从……以来”,until/till“直到”,not...until...直到...才；as soon as“一……就……”等 条件状语从句 if“如果”,unless“除非……”；“如果不……”；as/so long as“只要”,in case“假使”等 重点用法： while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 Please don't talk so loud while others are working.在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。 since It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用一般过去时) until We walked along the river until/till it was dark. (延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till 表示“动作延续到……为止) not...until He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. (瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till 表示“直到……才发生”) 即时训练 1．It was an exciting moment for Mr. and Mrs. Wang _______ they learned they were going to have a baby. A．whether B．although C．when D．unless 2．Life is like a mirror. _________ you smile at it, it will smile back. A．Though B．Unless C．Until D．When 3．______ astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. A．When B．Unless C．Though 4．I was so excited ________ I succeeded in passing the senior high school entrance examination. A．that B．when C．unless 5．—Excuse me, do you know when Tom ________ tomorrow? —Sorry, I don’t know the exact time. When he ________ here, I will call you. A．will arrive; gets B．will arrive; will get C．arrives; will get 6．Mr. White has collected more than sixty Chinese paintings ________ he came to Shanghai five years ago. A．since B．when C．before D．until 7．People should try to protect the environment ________ it is too late. A．while B．when C．before D．after 8．My father could retire at 60, but because of the delayed statutory retirement age (延迟法定退休年龄), he has to work two more years ________ he reaches sixty. A．before B．after C．because D．since 9．—Shall we go now? —No. The lights are red. Please wait ______ they turn green. A．because B．until C．if D．though 10．China’s AI cartoon Qianqiu shisong (千秋诗颂) will catch people’s attention _______ it appears. A．in order that B．as long as C．as soon as D．so that 条状知识梳理 1.if, unless引导的条件状语从句 if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ... not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见＂虚拟语气＂)和真实条件状语从句。 名师提醒：条件状语从句和时间状语从句一样，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 例1. You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)．（真实） 除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。 例2. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.（虚拟） 要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。 例3. However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. 2.as long as, so long as引导的条件状语从句 as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。 例1. As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed. 你只要不灰心，就会成功。 例2. So long as one keeps calm, one doesn’t feel the heat too much. 心静自然凉。 即时训练 1．—Learning a new language is like learning to swim. —Yes. ________ we are trying our best, we’ll find it easy. A．Although B．Unless C．If D．Before 2．You will not take the lead ________ you put your whole heart into the final exam. A．unless B．whenever C．though D．since 3．—I don’t know how to improve my Chinese. —Err... no other way ________ you work harder. A．until B．since C．when D．unless 4．— ________ you make a decision, you should take it into action at once. —Yes, actions speak louder than words. A．If B．Unless C．But 5．If you go to Kunming in winter, you_______ lots of birds from the north of China. A．see B．saw C．will see D．have seen 6．We won’t enter the high school that we have been expecting ________ we keep doing exercises every day. A．if B．because C．unless 7．—I’m afraid to take the entrance examination and I don’t think I can make it. —You’ll never know ________ you try it. A．unless B．though C．because 8．—It is said that President Xi came to our school yesterday. —I won’t believe it ________ I see him with my own eyes. A．unless B．because C．after D．though 课后练习 1、 单选选择 1．In the Chinese tradition, people won’t start to eat ________ the elders take their seats. A．after B．because C．until D．although 2．—We play better as a team now and our coach believes we will win. —There is no difficulty that we cannot get over ______ we bring together as one. A．even if(即使) B．so that C．in case(万一) D．as long as 3．—I want to go to the Happiness Opera House to watch the talk show next week. —Well, we won’t be able to get good seats ________ we book the tickets online early. A．if B．unless C．because D．after 4．Lisa, you’d better not forget to water the flowers and the grass in our garden ________ we go out for our holidays. A．while B．though C．unless D．till 5．He has studied very hard _________ he came to our class. A．when B．and C．since D．so 6．We’d better ask parents or teachers for some advice ________ we make an important decision. A．or B．so C．unless D．before 7．She became famous in town ________ she won first prize in the singing competition. A．unless B．if C．after D．although 8．Teenagers should do some housework ________ they finish their homework. A．until B．unless C．after D．because 9．Doctors and nurses look after the patients day and night. And they never stop treating them ________ the sick got well. A．if B．though C．until D．because 10．________ you keep reading news every day, you’ll learn more about the world. A．So B．Though C．If D．Unless 11．We can’t be successful _________ we keep on working hard. A．unless B．because C．if D．though 12．You will surely realize your dream of being a great scientist ________ you give it up halfway. A．unless B．since C．until D．whether （24-25八年级下·湖北黄冈·开学考试）阅读短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 One day, a toad (癞蛤蟆) met a monkey. They decided to look for something to eat because they both felt 1 . They saw a woman making 2 when they came to a farmer’s house. They got an idea. The toad jumped 3 the well (水井). Hearing something fall into water, the woman quickly ran to the well. The monkey at once went into the house, took a basket with a big cake and 4 to the hill (小山). After a while, the toad met the monkey there. The monkey wanted to eat the cake by 5 , so he said to the toad, “Let’s roll the basket downhill. Who gets the basket 6 can have the cake.” “But that’s unfair. I can’t run as fast as you,” said the toad. The monkey said, “You must race with me, or the cake will be 7 .” The toad had to race with the monkey. They pushed the basket downhill and the race 8 . The monkey ran fast after the basket, but the toad moved 9 and began to eat the cake. When the monkey 10 the basket, he found the toad stopped. He 11 the hill again and saw the toad eating the cake. He became angry and wanted to take the 12 back. But to the monkey’s surprise, the toad asked him to eat it 13 . The monkey felt 14 for his behavior (行为). He decided he would 15 do that any more. What can we learn from the story? 1．A．hungry B．sad C．busy D．free 2．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 3．A．under B．from C．into D．along 4．A．took out B．looked for C．ran away D．picked up 5．A．themselves B．myself C．ourselves D．himself 6．A．first B．second C．third D．last 7．A．yours B．mine C．me D．you 8．A．missed B．answered C．started D．ended 9．A．quickly B．slowly C．happily D．luckily 10．A．drove B．ordered C．left D．caught 11．A．climbed B．watched C．felt D．passed 12．A．basket B．tree C．banana D．cake 13．A．quietly B．together C．happily D．fast 14．A．sorry B．boring C．free D．happy 15．A．still B．always C．never D．also （24-25八年级下·辽宁抚顺·开学考试）Dear students, We are going to have a spring fair (春季展销会) at school next Saturday. We are very excited. We hope that by the end of the event, we’ll have raised (募集) about 10, 000 dollars. This will help build a new home for the old people in our town. Last year, 300 parents came to our event. This year, at least 50 percent of those parents will come with young children. We need four student volunteers (志愿者) to do activities such as face painting and traditional games with the younger children. We will also have some stands (货摊) , so we need student volunteers to work there. We will have some stands. Six of the stands will sell cakes. Five of the stands will sell books. The other three stands will sell model cars and model planes. We really hope that you can help out at the spring fair. Please e-mail me at Larry2020@yahoo. com by Friday if you want to be a volunteer. Yours, Larry Smith Headmaster 1．What can’t we know from Paragraph 1? A．When to have the spring fair. B．Where to have the spring fair. C．Why to have the spring fair. D．How to have the spring fair. 2．How many stands are there in all at the spring fair? A．Three B．Five. C．Six. D．Fourteen. 3．If you plan to be a volunteer, you need to ________. A．call Larry Smith B．go to Larry Smith’s office C．e-mail Larry Smith D．meet Larry Smith at his home 4．In the e-mail, Larry Smith wants to ________. A．ask students for help B．say thanks to the volunteers C．show us what a spring fair is D．invite parents to the spring fair 第8讲 状语从句之让步/原因/结果/目的 让步状语从句 知识梳理 1.although, though, as引导的让步状语从句 (1) as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。 例1. Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars. 尽管他是孩子，但他能辨认出所有车的名字。 例2. Much as/though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive. 虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。 （2）though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装； （√）Smart though/as she is， she doesn't study hard. （√）Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 （√）He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money. 虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。 (3) though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。 He said he would come； he didn't，though. 他说他会来，可是没有来。 2.even if和even though引导的让步状语从句 even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。 例1. Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise. 蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。 例2. Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we'll go there.(陈述语气) 即使明天下雨，我们也要去那里。 例3. Even if I wanted to marry you, my parents would not agree.(虚拟语气) 即使我想和你结婚，我父母也不会同意。 例4. He went out even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。 即时训练 1．—Will you stick to playing football tomorrow? —Yes, we will keep it ________ it’s cloudy and windy. A．as long as B．even if C．as soon as D．so that 2．—I’m afraid I can’t do well in the English speech competition. —Take it easy. We will support you, ______ you don’t succeed. A．as soon as B．as long as C．so that D．even if 3．________ how busy he is, he is always ready to help others. A．Thanks to B．Even though C．According to D．No matter 4．________ the old man is 80, he still practices hard to keep healthy. A．Unless B．Because C．Although 5．_________ AI is useful, some are worried about how it is used. A．Until B．If C．Although 6． ________ many things have changed a lot, my love for sports hasn’t changed a bit. A．Although B．Because C．Unless 7．We’re lucky enough to be born in a peaceful country, ________ we’re not living in a peaceful world. A．though B．or C．so D．since 8．Nobody in my class was late for school this morning ________ it rained heavily. A．if B．before C．though 9．Don’t be afraid of changing, ________ it’s leading you to a new beginning. A．if B．because C．though D．unless 10．— This dress was last year’s style. — I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year. A．so that B．as if C．even though D．ever since 原因状语从句 知识梳理 1.because, as, since, for引导的原因状语从句 连词 位置 内涵 because(因为) 主句前或后 直接因果关系 as (由于) 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 since/now that(既然) 通常位于主句前 for(因为) 位于句后 用于补充说明的原因 例1. He was criticized by the teacher, because he was late for class. 因为他迟到了，老师批评了他。 例2. I can't go with you, as I have a lot of work to do. 我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。 例3. Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion. 既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。 例4. It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers. 这对作家来说很难，因为结局对读者来说很有分量。 2.其它引导的原因状语从句 其他词引导的原因状语从句 seeing that (鉴于，由于)，considering that (考虑到)， in that(因为)， now that既然， given that考虑到， for the reason that因为， 即时训练 1．David had to stay in the hospital ________ he hurt his head. A．or B．so C．but D．because 2．________ traditional Chinese characters (繁体字) are a great part of Chinese culture, we must keep them alive. A．After B．Although C．Since 3．—Mum, may I have more chocolate? —You’d better not, ________ too much sweet food is bad for health. A．while B．although C．because 4．More teachers are willing to receive AI training. ________ AI technology in helping with teaching becomes more and more popular. A．or B．unless C．because D．though 5．English is my favorite subject ________ it’s very interesting. A．if B．though C．whether D．as 6．—It’s said that Beijing Duck is very delicious. —Well, ________ we are here, why not have a try? A．though B．unless C．since D．before 7．Tony couldn’t go to the concert with us ________ he was busy with his work. A．or B．because C．so D．but 结果状语从句 知识梳理 引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有so that, so ... that ... , such ... that ... 。 1．结构形式 例1. There was so little food at home that we had to go out to buy some. 家里快没食物了，我们只好出去买一些。 例2. Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. →Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。 例3. He has made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher three times a day. 他取得了如此快的进步，以致老师一天表扬了他三次。 即时训练 1．Lucy was ________ excited ________ she couldn’t say anything when she heard the good news. A．too; to B．such; that C．enough; to D．so; that 2．The TV play KuangBiao is ________ educational ________ I want to see it again. A．too; to B．such; that C．so; that D．as; as 3．Miss White teaches English ________ well ________ everybody likes her lessons. A．very; that B．so; that C．so; to D．even; that 4．The camera is ________ expensive ________ I can’t afford it. A．so; that B．such; that C．so; as to D．enough; that 5．Peter is ________ nervous ________ he can’t talk in front of the class. A．such, that B．too, to C．so, that D．too, that 6．—Do you still remember the days we spent together in Beijing 15 years ago? —Of course. I remember everything ________ it happened yesterday. A．as soon as B．even though C．so that D．as if 目的状语从句 知识梳理 引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, in case (以防)等。 1.so that与in order that引导的目的状语从句 这两个连词都表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词can, could，may, might等连用。in order that引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 例1.I am studying hard so that/in order that I can enter a famous university. 为了能上一所名牌大学，我一直努力学习。 例2. In order that we could save time we used the computer. 我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。(此时不可使用so that) 2.in case引导的目的状语从句的情况 in case表示“以防”。 例1.I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. 我给你留个座位，没准儿你会改变主意。 即时训练 1．People usually read the articles in newspapers very carefully ________ they can know what is going on around the world. A．so that B．even if C．because of D．in order to 2．Our chemistry teacher explains the problem clearly _______ we can understand how to solve it. A．even if B．such that C．so that D．as soon as 3．The government is improving the public services ________ people can live a better life. A．so that B．as though C．even if D．as soon as 4．Little George read the story again and again ________ he could tell it to his younger sister. A．because B．so that C．unless 5．I’ll show Mr. White around the traditional buildings in Dali, ________ he can learn plenty of culture about Chinese ancient buildings. A．so that B．even if C．ever since D．as soon as 6．Let’s take the simple steps today __________ we will save the world for our grandsons and granddaughters tomorrow. A．until B．unless C．although D．so that 7．Lily has learned a lot about the history of Tianjin ________ she can be a tour guide. A．so that B．although C．when D．if 8．Spend more time talking with your parents ________ they can understand better. A．unless B．although C．so that D．so long as 课后作业 1．_________ most people get news online today, printed newspapers won’t disappear in a hurry. A．Because B．Since C．Although D．Unless 2．We should try to do it well, ________ there is a lot of difficulties. A．in order that B．as long as C．as soon as D．even though 3．The athlete received a lot of cheers from the audience _________ she won the champion in the final. A．because B．though C．so that D．even if 4．Fish can only live in the water ________ there are cats on the shore (岸)! A．and B．although C．but D．because 5．Steve turns off his phone before reading ________ he can focus better on the story later. A．even if B．in order that C．now that(由于) D．as soon as 6．The book was written in _________ easy English _________ even primary school students could read it. A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．enough; to 7．—What do you think of the speech?   —The speaker spoke ________ quickly ________ I didn’t understand him most of the time. A．such; that B．enough; to C．so; that D．too; to 8．Mike has learned a lot about the history of China ________ he can communicate better with his Chinese classmates . A．even if B．in order to C．as soon as D．so that 9.—How time flies! We’ll graduate from middle school this weekend! —________ we have to say goodbye, I will remember our friendship forever. A．Because B．Although C．Unless D．Until 10.Our country will be much better for everyone in future ________ we all do something to help now. A．if B．before C．so that D．even though 1、 完型填空 One day, Mr. Smith, a physics teacher, asked his students in class, “Why do we have brakes (刹车装置) in our car?” A student 1 up and answered, “Sir, to stop the car.” Another student answered, “To control the speed.” And then a third one said, “To avoid accidents.” Soon, all the other students began to give similar answers. Finally, Mr. Smith gave a 2 answer to the question himself. He said, “All of your answers are OK. However, I 3 it this way—The brakes in the car help us to make it go faster.” After listening to this, the class was quiet 4 no one gave this answer. Mr. Smith went on, “Let’s 5 . If our car has no brakes, how fast can we drive it? The brakes in our car give us 6 to drive it faster and reach the place where we are going.” Mr. Smith smiled and went on saying, “Similarly, there are many such brakes in our 7 , which stop us. Sometimes, we have to 8 or even step back, so that we can take a bigger step. These brakes are not meant to push us 9 but to help us move forward faster than before. In this way we can reach the place quickly and 10 . Should we be thankful for the ‘brakes’ in life or just see them as something that stops our work and study?” 1．A．ate B．stood C．woke D．grew 2．A．wrong B．quick C．polite D．different 3．A．serve B．learn C．answer D．find 4．A．unless B．before C．although D．because 5．A．put it off B．look it out C．think it over D．turn it down 6．A．luck B．time C．example D．courage 7．A．car B．life C．school D．dream 8．A．stop B．meet C．work D．drive 9．A．up B．back C．about D．away 10．A．safely B．quietly C．freely D．wisely （24-25八年级下·辽宁抚顺·开学考试）①Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, about 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some points in their lives. Now, scientists have some interesting ideas about why people are shy. ②Scientists say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. Scientists believe some shyness is genetic (遗传的) . ③Family size may be another factor. Scientists at Harvard University found. 66 percent of shy children had older brothers and sisters. These children were often bullied (伤害) by their brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. However, children with no brothers or sisters can be shy, too. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves It’s hard for them to develop social skills as children from big families. ④You may also be shy because of your birthplace. In Japan, most people are shy. But in Israel (以色列) , only one third of people are shy. In Japan, when people fail, they blame (责怪) themselves. In Israel, people often blame other things, such as family, friends, or bad luck. ⑤For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can overcome (战胜) your shyness. They suggest trying new things and talking with others more. 1．What is the passage mainly about? A．Happiness. B．Shyness. C．Loneliness. D．Kindness. 2．How many people feel shy at some points in their lives? A．Almost 80 percent of people. B．Less than 30 percent of people. C．Fifteen to twenty percent of people. D．Six percent of people. 3．What suggestion do scientists give to shy people? A．Blame their failure on others. B．Try to find out why they are shy. C．Stay away from other shy people. D．Try new things and talk more. 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 中期阶段测试 本试卷共四部分满分120分,考试时间为120分钟 一、听力(20’) Ⅰ.短对话理解（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 你将听到五段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。 1．Which picture did the man create with AI? A． B． C． 2．What is the man eating now? A． B． C． 3．What is the juice made of? A．Apples and pears. B．Carrots and tomatoes C．Oranges and grapes. 4．Where are the speakers going first? A．To the bank. B．To the school. C．To the market. 5．What does the woman need to buy? A．Some strawberries. B．Some chocolate. C．Some cookies. Ⅱ.长对话理解（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 你将听到两段对话，每段对话后几个小题。请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。每段对话读两遍。 听对话，回答下面6、7小题。 6．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers? A．Mother and son. B．Father and daughter. C．Brother and sister. 7．What will John have for breakfast? A．An egg and noodles. B．Milk and noodles. C．An egg and milk. 听对话，回答8至10小题。 8．How old was Zoe when she had her first singing lesson? A．Nine. B．Ten. C．Eleven. 9．Which song is Zoe’s favorite? A．Spring. B．Summer. C．Winter. 10．What is Mandy’s last name? A．Sparks. B．Stoker. C．Smith. Ⅲ. 短文理解（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 你将听到一篇短文，短文后有五个小题。请根据短文内容，在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。短文读两遍。 11．What do Gina’s parents do? A．They are teachers. B．They are doctors. C．They are cooks. 12．When did Gina start to cook for herself? A．When she was five years old. B．When she was six years old. C．When she was seven years old. 13．How did Gina’s parents feel when they tried her beef dumplings? A．Surprised. B．Angry. C．Sad. 14．What did Gina’s parents do after they tried her beef dumplings? A．They gave her some money. B．They asked her to cook every day. C．They bought her a few books about cooking. 15．What can we learn from the story? A．Being busy is always a bad thing for parents. B．Difficulties can lead us to discover new hobbies. C．Kids should always ask their grandparents for help. IV. 信息转换（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 你将听到一篇短文。请根据短文内容，写出下面表格中所缺的单词，每空仅填一词。短文读两遍。 The art of what you say Dos Don’ts Take time to think 16 you speak. Don’t just say it right away. Make sure your words are true. Don’t 17 wrong information. Try your best to be kind. Don’t 18 others. Only say what is 19 . Don’t make problems for yourself. Think about other people’s 20 . Don’t use bad words. 1、 单选选择(15’) 1. There were only ______ people who could get _____ money for the work. A. few, many B. little, many C. a few, much D. a little, much 2. I have lost my pen. I can't find _______. I have to buy ______. A. it, it B. that, one C. it, one D. one, it 3. December ______ is Christmas. A. twenty-five B. the twenty-fifth C. the twentieth-five D. twentieth-fifth 4. I have two sisters. ______of them are doctors. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 5. The book on the shelf is _____. She _____ wrote ______name on its cover. A .Hers; herself; her B. Her; hers; herself C. Herself: her; hers D .Her; herself; herself 6. Canned food does not go ____. A. bad easily B. badly easy C. bad easy D. badly easily 7．—Have you ever taken the high-speed train from Tianjin to Beijing? —Yes, I ________ it last summer. It’s fast and convenient. A．am taking B．took C．take D．will take、 8．— Do you know the great Chinese poet Li Bai? — Sure. He wrote many poems about the pretty mountains and rivers while he ________ in Anhui. A．travels B．will travel C．was traveling D．has traveled 9. —___________ you ____________ to the radio? —No, you can turn it off. A. Did, listen B. Have, listened C. Do, listen D. Are, listening 10. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine 11. What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon? A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, saw C. were, reading, saw D. were, reading, was seeing 12．—All the students ________ a lot in the last 3 years of junior high. —Yes, in many ways, especially their values on love and respect. A．were changing B．had changed C．are changing D．have changed 13．—What a beautiful bike! How long have you ________ it? —For just three days. A．bought B．had C．received D．hired 14．—Could you tell me ________? —Once a month. A．how often do you go to the supermarket B．how often you go to the supermarket C．how soon you will go to the supermarket D. how soon will you go to the supermarket 15 English ____ in many countries, but we Chinese ___ their own language. A.is spoken; speaks B. is spoken; speak C.is spoken; is spoken D. speaks; is spoken 3、 判断下列句子的结构类型(5’) 1. The accident happens every year. ( ) 2. The story sounds interesting. ( ) 3. We hear her sing next door. ( ) 4. I tell him some stories. ( ) 5. They have taken good care of the children. ( ) 四、选词填空(10’) 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空。将单词填写在对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 your  what  into  because  and  often  soon  many  special  pen  help  feel Experiencing joy is good for health. It protects 1 from illness, and it reduces (减少) pain, worry and stress, helping you sleep and solve problems. Joy is not only good for you but the people around you 2 it is easily spread. A joy journal (日志) is a 3 place for you to record everything that brings you joy. Making a note of your joyful experience 4 you pay more attention to it. You can get even 5 happiness from it. By recording your joyful moments, you can 6 the joy again whenever you need a little encouragement. How to keep a joy journal? Choose a notebook and decorate (装饰) the cover. It is up to you how 7 you add to it—perhaps every day or only at weekends. You can keep all your joyful things together or divide your journal 8 areas such as family, friends, school and hobbies. How do you best express yourself? You could write, draw, use colorful 9 and stick things in. You could also make a joy journal together with your family, to record 10 makes you all happy. 五、语法选择(10’) 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，按照语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 When I was young, I lived by the sea. Every time I took a walk on the beach, I was sad to find lots of litter there. I thought the beach should look 1 , not dirty. So, I decided to do something to help. Every Saturday, I 2 gloves and carried a big bag to pick up litter along the beach. I found different kinds of litter such as cola cans or old shoes. One day, some other kids saw me and asked 3 I was doing. “I’m hunting for litter 4 our beach clean!” I answered with a smile. They thought it was a cool idea and started to help. More kids joined 5 and we called ourselves the “Treasure Hunt Cleanup Team”. We held a competition to see who 6 find the strangest litter. Once, we found 7 old steering wheel (方向盘)! With our work, the beach was getting much 8 than before. More and more people 9 to join in the cleaning. Now, families can have a great time on the beach 10 worrying about the litter. 1．A．beauty B．beautiful C．beautifully 2．A．wear B．have worn C．wore 3．A．what B．why C．how 4．A．keep B．to keep C．keeping 5．A．our B．we C．us 6．A．could B．must C．should 7．A．an B．a C．the 8．A．clean B．cleaner C．cleanest 9．A．encourage B．encouraged C．were encouraged 10．A．by B．from C．without 六、阅读理解(28’) Nowadays, many people like to show all kinds of things on their phones, such as delicious food, beautiful clothes, wonderful holidays and so on. Showing the number of steps is becoming more and more popular. People think that good health is very important and they often talk about it. To keep fit, many people walk to work. When they start walking, they open the pedometer (计步器) App on their phones and record (记录) how many steps they have taken that day. After a day of walking, some people show this number on their phones. This makes them learn from each other and keep exercising. “It helps me to exercise more and keep a good habit. I often talk to my friends online about how to stay healthy. We work in the same group to cheer each other to keep exercising,” Miss Song said. Mr. Li likes doing exercise now. But in the past, he was a little lazy and didn’t want to exercise every day. “After using the pedometer App, everything becomes different. I feel good to exercise with my friends. Sometimes you can get prizes (奖励) for walking more steps. I really like it and I use it every day,” he said. Walking is a relaxing and useful way to exercise. Both young and old people enjoy it, Recording the steps helps people develop a good habit of walking and showing the number can make people more interested in walking. With the help of the pedometer App, we may become healthier than before. 1．Where is the passage probably from? A．A health magazine. B．A science report. C．A travel guide. D．A story book. 2．How does the writer describe the fact according to the third paragraph? A．By showing a number. B．By telling a story. C．By showing an example. D．By showing a report. 3．Put the following in the right order according to this passage. a. People can develop a good habit of walking by recording the steps. b. People who walk more steps can get some prizes. c. Miss Song often talks about how to keep healthy. d. Showing the number of steps is getting popular. e. Mr. Li feels good to do exercise with his friends. A．a-b-e-d-c B．d-c-e-b-a C．d-e-c-b-a D．a-d-c-e-b 4．How often does Mr. Li use the pedometer App? A．Once a month. B．Once a week. C．Twice a day. D．Every day. 5．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Showing all kinds of things on phones. B．Keeping healthy by using the pedometer App. C．Recording how many steps you walk every month. D．Keeping healthy only through walking with friends. Ne Zha 2 became a huge hit (热门) during the Spring Festival, breaking box-office records in China and even around the world. Its success is not just about money——it shows Chinese animated (动画) films are growing stronger and Chinese people are proud of our culture. It also teaches us how new ideas can make stories exciting. The movie retells a traditional Chinese story but in a modern way. Ne Zha, once just a character from old tales, becomes a hero who fights for himself. His famous line, “I decide my own fate (命运), “ matches today’s values (价值) and shows his strong spirit. This proves (证明) old stories can stay important if we make them fresh. The film looks amazing with special effects (特效). Over 4, 000 people worked on it, creating I, 900 special scenes. This shows China’s skill in animation and their hard work to make great films. New technology and creative ideas helped bring the story to life. Many Chinese animation companies worked together on Ne Zha 2. Each company did what it did best, like designing characters or making action scenes look real. This teamwork helps China’s animation industry (产业) grow and shows how collaboration can help all to success. The film’s popularity shows Chinese people love seeing their culture shared in creative ways. It also shows that adding new ideas to old stories can make them loved by everyone. In short, Ne Zha 2 is more than a movie——it is a big step for Chinese animation. It shares China’s culture with the world and shows confidence (信心) in its stories. By mixing tradition with new ideas, Chinese films can stay alive and inspire (启发) future generations. 6．What does Ne Zha’s line “I decide my own fate” show about him? A．He is not sure about his future. B．He is strong in mind, brave and never gives up. C．He needs others’ help to make decisions. D．He runs away from problems in life. 7．What can we learn from the passage? A．Ne Zha 2 is only successful because it has a lot of action scenes. B．Old stories can’t be interesting to young people today. C．Teamwork plays an important role in making Ne Zha 2. D．Chinese animation will always face difficulties in the future. 8．What does underlined word “collaboration” mean in the passage? A．Working alone. B．Working together. C．Fighting with others. D．Asking questions. 9．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Ne Zha 2 shows how Chinese animation is growing and mixes tradition with new ideas. B．Chinese animated films are only successful during holidays. C．The film’s special effects are the most important part. D．Ne Zha 2 is just a movie about a traditional Chinese story. Nancy is reading a recipe (食谱) online. Healthy Fruit Smoothie By Margaret Ingredients (原料):       *1 banana *1/2 apple *3 strawberries       *3/4 cup of milk *4 ice cubes (冰块)   Steps: 1. Peel the banana and wash the apple and the strawberries.   2. Cut the fruit into small pieces.   3. Put the fruit, ice cubes and milk into a blender.   4. Blend until all the ingredients are mixed.   5. Pour the smoothie into cups.   Comments (评论):   Jane July 5th, 2024   This smoothie is delicious and healthy.   Bob August 23rd, 2024   This is the most delicious homemade smoothie I have ever tried. It is easy to make too! 10．Who made the recipe? A．Nancy. B．Margaret. C．Jane. D．Bob. 11．How long does it take to make the smoothie? A．20 minutes. B．15 minutes. C．10 minutes. D．5 minutes. 12．To make the smoothie, you need 1/2 ________. A．banana B．milk C．strawberry D．apple 13．You will use ice cubes right after ________. A．peeling the banana B．cutting the fruit into pieces C．blending all the ingredients D．pouring the smoothie into cups 14．Both Jane and Bob think the smoothie ________. A．tastes delicious B．is easy to make C．will get popular D．is good for their health 七、回答问题(6’) When I was in Grade Three, I watched a video about the findings of ancient ruins（遗迹）. It interested me so much that from that moment I knew what I wanted to do with my life. Today, I’m very lucky to work as an archaeologist（考古学家）. It’s exciting work. Holding a piece of history is really fantastic. I decided what I wanted to be at the age of nine. But the road wasn’t easy. Along the way I was told many things: I was too young. I wasn’t good enough, I should get mar$$