第08讲 阅读理解长难句分析（专项训练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第08讲 阅读理解长难句分析 目录 01 课标达标练（基础练） 考向01 考查长难句结构分析 考向02 考查长难句在阅读理解中运用 02 核心突破练 阅读理解C篇（语篇能力练） 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查长难句结构分析 1. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 2. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 3. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 4. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 5. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 6. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 7. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 8. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 9 .They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 10. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 考向02 考查长难句在阅读理解中运用 【长难句考例分析】 【考例1】Why was Garzas move a success？ A. It strengthened her family ties. B. It improved her living conditions. C. It enabled her to make more friends. D. It helped her know more new places. 主要答题依据：Today all three generations regard the move as a success， giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. 【答案】 【考例2】What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s？ A. They were unsure of themselves. B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents. 主要答题依据： “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，” says Christine Crosby， publisher of Grand， a magazine for grandparents . 【答案】 【考例3】What made the authors getting up early worthwhile？ A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmers market. 主要答题依据：Swimming pools， wine tasting， and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours， not 4 in the afternoon） filled the weekend， but the best part—particularly to my taste， dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. 【答案】 【考例4】What was the author going to do that evening？ A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables. 主要答题依据： Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight， my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty， a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton， where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night. 【答案】 【考例5】 In the 18th and early 19th centuries， passenger pigeons_______. A. were the biggest bird in the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the US 主要答题依据： It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point， there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States， making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. 【答案】 【考例6】What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3？ A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Supportive. 主要答题依据： This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best， the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. 【答案】 （以C篇说明文或议论文为例） 1.【上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题】 Australia and the rest of Oceania are the last regions free of bird flu that has caused mass mortality in birds across the world and a massive outbreak in dairy cattle in the United States. Why animals in the southern region have so far escaped infection is a mystery, but scientists have several theories. For one, Australia is geographically isolated and doesn’t import live poultry, says Frank Wong, a virologist at the Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness. Many of the countries’ birds are endemic (地方性的)and do not migrate to regions where the virus is spreading. But the virus’s arrival in Australia is “a matter of when, not if”, says Michelle Wille at the University of Melboume, Australia. She thinks that long-distance migratory shorebirds and seabirds that come from Siberia and Alaska through southeast Asia to Australia are most likely to carry the virus into the country. Another possible route for the virus is through ducks. Scientists think migrating ducks and geese in other parts of the world can spread the disease without dying from it. That’s because ducks have a biological sensor, known as RIG-I, that detects an invading flu virus and triggers an immune response that usually fights it off. Kirsty Short says ducks might have evolved such defences in Asia from repeated infections with many weaker forms of the virus, giving them pre-existing immunity. Although they don’t get sick from H5N1, they can still pass it on, and ducks gather in lakes and ponds with other birds, increasing the chances of disease spread. Oceania has isolated ecosystems. This isolation is partly explained by a biogeographical division called the Wallace Line. Many animal species tend to stay on one side of the line or the other, and because of this isolation, the species on each side are distinct. The sharp division might also mean that the virus is not adapted to animals east of the Wallace Line, says Wong. “Bird flu viruses are particularly well-adapted to certain species,” he says. Birds in Australia could have a genetic make-up that bypasses the usual infection route for the virus, but no one has yet tested this assumption. Although many duck species are short-distance migratory birds and tend not to cross the Wallace Line, some species—including Pacific black duck and spotted whistling duck—do, and Wille thinks they could introduce H5N1 to the region. If the virus is detected, government vets will immediately move in to kill the affected population, which happened when H7N3 and H7N9 strains of the flu were detected in Victoria in May. Short says that, when it happens, the impact on Australia’s birds, mammals and ecosystems is unknown, but many species could probably be affected. “It’s a big research gap.” she says. 1．Which viewpoint does Michelle Wille most agree with? A．The virus is unlikely to spread to Australia soon. B．It is ducks that will bring the virus into Australia. C．Migration patterns will keep Australia safe from infection. D．The arrival of the virus in Australia is highly possible. 2．What is suggested about birds in Australia regarding the virus? A．They have been tested and found resistant. B．They migrate to areas where the virus spreads. C．They may have genetic traits that prevent infection. D．They are more susceptible to infection than other birds. 3．Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage? A．There is a lack of research on the virus’ impact. B．Government measures will prevent outbreaks in Australia. C．Birds in Australia have become immune due to past exposure. D．The Wallace Line guarantees that the virus will not reach Australia. 4．What could be the best title of the passage? A．The Spread of Bird Flu in Australia B．Is Australia Immune from Bird Flu? C．Why Are Ducks Responsible for Bird Flu? D．Bird Flu: A Global Concern 长难句 1 原句：Australia and the rest of Oceania are the last regions free of bird flu that has caused mass mortality in birds across the world and a massive outbreak in dairy cattle in the United States. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 长难句 2 原句：Kirsty Short says ducks might have evolved such defences in Asia from repeated infections with many weaker forms of the virus, giving them pre-existing immunity. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 长难句 3 原句：Birds in Australia could have a genetic make-up that bypasses the usual infection route for the virus, but no one has yet tested this assumption. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 2.【上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题】 Not long ago I joined in a forum on the role of the American press. The purpose of the forum, as I understood it, was to examine the responsibilities of the media and to suggest the best ways to meet those responsibilities. During the open-discussion period, a gentleman addressed a question to a distinguished anchorman. Why, he asked, are the newspapers and television news programs so disaster-prone? The anchorman reacted as if he had been blamed for the existence of bad news. Newsmen, he said, are only responsible for reporting the news, not for creating or modifying it. It didn’t seem to me that he had answered the question. The gentleman was just wondering why distortions are most reported. The news media seem to operate on the philosophy that all news is bad news. Why? Could it be that the emphasis on downside news is largely the result of tradition — the way newsmen and newswomen are accustomed to responding to daily events? Perhaps it would be useful here to examine the way we define the word news for this is where the problem begins. News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours — 24 hours at most. Anything that happens so suddenly, however, is likely to be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed into a mountain… Focusing only on these details, however, produces a misshapen picture. Civilization is a lot more than the sum total of its disasters. The most important ingredient in any civilization is progress. But progress is not eruptive. Generally, it comes in bits and pieces, very little of it clearly visible at any given moment, but all of it involved in the making of historical change for the better. It is this aspect of living history that most news reporting reflects inadequately. The result is that we are under-informed about positive developments and over-informed about disasters. This, in turn, leads to a public mood of defeatism, which in themselves tend to prevent progress. A persistent diet of eruptive news drains the essential human energies a free society needs. I am not suggesting “positive” news be designed as a countermeasure to the disasters on page one. What I am trying to get across is the notion that the responsibility of the news media is to search out and report on important events whether or not they come under the heading of conflicts or disasters. The world is a splendid combination of heaven and hell, and both call for attention and examination. The anchorman was right in saying newsmen were not responsible for shaping the world, but they are responsible for affecting our attitude. News people provide us with the only picture of ourselves and the world. It had better be a true portrait-and not a caricature (漫画)— for it’s this picture on which we will base our decisions and around which we will plan our future. 5．The author learned from the forum that ______. A．the public tended to blame newsmen for reporting only bad news B．there were concerns about the media’s too much focus on bad news C．the American press failed to deliver on its promise to reform the media D．the public expected factual and unmodified news reports from newsmen 6．What does the author suggest is the primary reason for the dominance of negative news coverage? A．The news media works on the principle that all news is bad news. B．News reporters are professionally trained to report daily disasters. C．News traditionally refers to events that occur suddenly within a day. D．Reporting only tragic events may blind the public to social progress. 7．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．News reporters should give their attention to a wider range of important issues. B．The conflicts and disasters cause public despair and rob society of human energy. C．Newsmen are duty-bound to create more positive news to fight against disasters. D．Newsmen can strive to find a balanced portrayal of events to shape the world. 8．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Why is all news bad news? B．Where is the news leading us? C．Why is it time to create more positive news? D．How can the news media thrive against all odds? 长难句 1 原句：News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours — 24 hours at most. Anything that happens so suddenly, however, is likely to be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed into a mountain… 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 长难句 2 原句：The result is that we are under-informed about positive developments and over-informed about disasters. This, in turn, leads to a public mood of defeatism, which in themselves tend to prevent progress. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 长难句 3 原句：News people provide us with the only picture of ourselves and the world. It had better be a true portrait-and not a caricature — for it’s this picture on which we will base our decisions and around which we will plan our future. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 3.【上海市位育中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷】 Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social diversity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 9．According to paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society __________. A．tended to acquaint themselves with people passing by B．usually had more friends than small-town residents C．bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives D．could not develop very close relationships with others 10．One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents __________. A．lower the quality of relationships B．show little concern for strangers C．suffer from the lack of friendship D．the better its quality of life is 11．We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is, __________. A．the more likely it is to display stress B．the more open-minded people are C．the more similar its interests are D．the better its quality of life is 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and towns. B．The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society. C．Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns. D．The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering. 长难句 1 原句：Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 长难句 2 原句：Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 长难句 3 原句：Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ · （以C篇说明文或议论文为例） （2025·上海浦东新·二模）This week’s Nobel Physics Prize honored two scientists who helped computers “learn” more like the human brain. A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular (分子的) structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades. Here come the complaints. This was computer science, not physics or chemistry! Of the five winners, arguably only one, biochemist David Baker, works in the field he was awarded in. The Nobel Prizes have traditionally favored concrete results over theory, experimental discovery over pure idea. But that pattern didn’t quite hold this year: one prize went to scientists who were dedicated to physics as a foundation on which to build computer models used for no groundbreaking result in particular. The winners on Wednesday, on the other hand, had created computer models that made big advancements in biochemistry. This shift hints at an unsettling prospect: Perhaps scientists will merely craft the tools that make the breakthroughs, rather than do the revolutionary work themselves or even understand how it came about. Artificial intelligence designs and builds hundreds of molecular Notre Dames (巴黎圣母院) and a researcher is honored for inventing the tool “shovel”. But hey, give people some credit. Science has always involved tools and instruments, and our relationship to them has grown more complex with their advancement. Few astronomers today put an eye to a telescope; sensors and AI models collect eye-popping volumes of data; computer programs analyze them for patterns familiar and strange; researchers examine them, sometimes from halfway across the world. The heavens are pixels (像素) on a monitor. Who, then, owns the discovery? Where does the machinery end and the human begin? If anything, highlighting AI’s role in science, the Nobel Committee also revealed its own untimely approach. Alfred Nobel’s 1895 vision rewarded the individual genius planting flags in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine. But today’s challenges, such as climate change, cancer, extinction, don’t respect those boundaries. Rare is the pure chemist or biologist; common is the geochemist, the computational evolutionary theorist. AI is making these divisions less distinct, linking vast datasets across disciplines and boosting unexpected cooperation. “Among” is the key word. Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate. If Nobel Committee is now rewarding the contributions of AI, should it not also recognize the researchers whose results it learned from? 1．What caused the complaints about this year’s Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry? A．Winners were recognized for experimental results. B．Both prizes were associated with computer science. C．The biology field has long been overlooked in the award. D．Physics Prizes were awarded for models in biochemistry. 2．The writer mentions “Notre Dame” and “telescope” to suggest ________. A．AI masks human-machine roles in discovery B．humans owe their understanding of the world to AI C．AI is more crucial than humans in scientific exploration D．humans enable tools to independently make breakthroughs 3．It can be inferred in the last two paragraphs that ________. A．the committee has been used to applauding a team effort B．emphasising individual genius is against modern science C．AI should be preferred over researchers for breakthroughs D．the strict rules and categories address scientific challenges 4．What might be the best title of this passage? A．AI takes over: the decline of traditional science B．AI dominates science: the end of human discovery C．Nobel Prizes question AI’s role in modern research D．Nobel Prizes highlight AI and teamwork in science 长难句 1 原句：A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades. 结构分析： 中文翻译： 长难句 2 原句：But that pattern didn’t quite hold this year: one prize went to scientists who were dedicated to physics as a foundation on which to build computer models used for no groundbreaking result in particular. 结构分析： 中文翻译： 长难句 3 原句：If anything, highlighting AI’s role in science, the Nobel Committee also revealed its own untimely approach. Alfred Nobel’s 1895 vision rewarded the individual genius planting flags in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine. 结构分析： 中文翻译： 长难句 4 原句：Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate. 结构分析： 中文翻译： （2025·上海嘉定·二模）In the early 20th century, Henry Ford revolutionized industrial production by integrating moving production lines with mass labor, greatly lowering manufacturing costs and transforming the automobile from a luxury item into an accessible means of transportation. Today, a similar shift is unfolding in the service industry, as digital platforms use technological advancements and on-demand labor to deliver services that were once exclusive to the wealthy. Companies such as Uber, Handy, and Instacart have special consumer access, enabling individuals to secure personal drivers, household assistance, and grocery deliveries with minimal effort. However, the scope of the on-demand economy extends far beyond convenience services. Increasingly, essential professional areas, including healthcare, legal consultation, and business advisory services, are being restructured through digital platforms. Startups like Medicast, Axiom, and Freelancer.com facilitate interactions between independent professionals and clients in need of specialized expertise. Although still emerging, this economic model is expanding at an unparalleled pace: Uber, established in 2009, now operates in over 50 countries and had already reached a valuation of $40 billion by 2014. Several critical factors have fueled the expansion of this economic transformation. The digital revolution has not only enabled real-time connections between service providers and consumers but has also decentralized traditional workflows. A single person equipped-with-a laptop can now produce Hollywood-quality media, develop new software, or conduct in-depth legal research from virtually any location. This shift has got companies to increasingly favor contract-based specialists over full-time employees, improving business flexibility while also generating profits from previously untapped resources, such as personal vehicles or specialized expertise. Beyond technological drivers, socio-economic shifts have further sped up this transition. The decline of long-term job stability, worsened by automation and global outsourcing, has led to a decline in conventional employment models. Meanwhile, society is becoming increasingly polarized between those who possess financial capital but lack time and those with availability but limited financial means. The on-demand economy serves as a mechanism through which these two groups can exchange value efficiently. Yet, this transformation presents notable challenges. While consumers and flexibility-seeking workers benefit, those reliant on stable, full-time employment with comprehensive benefits face growing uncertainty. Many on-demand workers operate without traditional job security, healthcare provisions, or retirement plans, raising complex regulatory and policy concerns. Governments must respond by modernizing labor laws, streamlining tax frameworks for independent workers, and ensuring social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape. 1．What is the defining characteristic of on-demand economy? A．Digital platforms connect workers with customers when needed. B．Businesses put more emphasis on the advancement of technology. C．Markets rule out those unnecessary services to increase efficiency. D．Companies hire more temporary workers than long-term employees. 2．Which example best illustrates the idea of “decentralizing traditional workflows”? A．A company encourages employees to take part-time jobs. B．A software developer works with a global team remotely. C．A researcher does experiments in an advanced laboratory. D．A business asks in-house staff to handle most operations. 3．Which of the following is a driving force of the economic transition introduced in the passage? A．People tend to have either money or time. B．Business flexibility benefits workers equally. C．Full-time employees are becoming less available. D．Automation is gradually replaced by global outsourcing. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The on-demand economy guarantees better job opportunities. B．Companies are seeking financial protection for on-demand workers. C．Governments may struggle to keep up with changes in the job market. D．Workers will no longer worry about employment benefits in the future. 长难句 1 原句：In the early 20th century, Henry Ford revolutionized industrial production by integrating moving production lines with mass labor, greatly lowering manufacturing costs and transforming the automobile from a luxury item into an accessible means of transportation. 结构分析： 中文翻译： 长难句 2 原句：This shift has got companies to increasingly favor contract-based specialists over full-time employees, improving business flexibility while also generating profits from previously untapped resources, such as personal vehicles or specialized expertise. 结构分析： 中文翻译： 长难句 3 原句：Governments must respond by modernizing labor laws, streamlining tax frameworks for independent workers, and ensuring social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape. 结构分析： 中文翻译： （2025·上海静安·二模）MUSEUMS used to stand for something boring and barely relevant to real life. Those kinds of places still exist, but there are far fewer of them, and the more successful ones have changed out of all recognition. To be sure, museums remain showcases for collections and warehouse of valuables, but they have also become pits of popular debates and places where children go for sleepovers. They are no longer places where people look on in fear but where they learn and argue, as they would at universities or art schools. Nicholas Serota describes the museum as “a forum as much as a treasure box”. Statistics suggest that new-look museums are doing something right. Globally, numbers of museum goers have risen from around 23,000 two decades ago to at least 55,000 now. On the face, that success seems surprising. People now have more choices to enrich their life. Many travel to see the world, but mostly the world comes to them, conveniently delivered to their laptops or smartphones. So why would they still wander round museums if most of the stuff they can see there is available at the click of a mouse? Some of the now enthusiasm is explained by changes in demand. Today, the share of people receiving higher education is rising. Surveys show that better-educated folks arc a lot more likely to be museum-goers. They want to see for themselves where they fit in the wider world and look lo museums for guidance. For young museum-goers, they are looking for something authentic and real as the online viewing loses the sense of closeness. A century ago, Benjamin Ives urged museums to treat themselves as having a holy purpose. Collections should be considered for their artistic qualities alone, he argued, with no need for narrative, context or explanation. “A museum of art”, he wrote, “is in essence a temple.” Not all of what Ives stood for has been swept away. But today museums offer narratives in their exhibitions, provide a context for objects by linking them to people and places, through which they serve the public. They are fully aware that their ultimate attraction lies in the fact that they exist in order to respond to the public appeal. Some people may fear that what goes on in museums is getting too close to being humble. But modern museum goers like being pleased, and are likely to drift away unless museums can relate with them both intellectually and emotionally. 1．By describing the museum as “a forum as much as a treasure box”, Nicholas Serota implies that_______ A．museums now display objects much relevant to life B．museums provide chances for discussion and store precious objects C．the value of the objects kept in museums causes debate D．museums regard sleepover visitors as new treasure 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Availability of varied kinds of entertainment draws former museum goers. B．Less-educated people reject museums because they can’t fit in the wider world. C．Young museum goers prefer in-person visit to virtual enjoyment. D．Museums are rated according to the artistic qualities of their collections. 3．The primary charm of today’s museums is that_______ A．they try to attach emotion to the artistic objects B．they try to offer various forms of art viewing C．they try to keep a safe distance from the public D．they try to satisfy the needs of the public 4．Which of the following is the possible title of the passage? A．Museums, placing the public first now B．Museums, outdated but surviving C．Museums, conflicting to modern entertainment D．Museums, their history and value 长难句 1 原句：To be sure, museums remain showcases for collections and warehouse of valuables, but they have also become pits of popular debates and places where children go for sleepovers. 结构分析： 中文翻译： 长难句 2 原句：But today museums offer narratives in their exhibitions, provide a context for objects by linking them to people and places, through which they serve the public. 结构分析： 中文翻译： 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第08讲 阅读理解长难句分析 目录 01 课标达标练（基础练） 考向01 考查长难句结构分析 考向02 考查长难句在阅读理解中运用 02 核心突破练 阅读理解C篇（语篇能力练） 03 真题溯源练 考向01 考查长难句结构分析 1. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 句意为：例如，一条污浊的小溪，在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后，通常会变得清澈。 本句中for example为插入语，after flowing through plants and along rocks ... 为时间状语，其中包含一个由where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词rocks。（新课标I卷） 2. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 句意为：在第一部分中，我论述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先探讨了到底是什么样的力量使得许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受，然后对数字极简主义生活准则进行详细讨论。 starting with … 为分词结构作状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词forces。（新课标I卷） 3. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 句意为：在三十天结束时，你可以恢复少量精心挑选的，你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。 that引导定语从句，修饰先行词online activities；you value为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词the things。（新课标I卷） 4. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid. 句意为：你将了解到这些参与者的故事，知悉哪些策略对他们有效，以及他们遇到了哪些你应当避免的陷阱。learn后有两个由what引导的宾语从句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词traps。（新课标I卷） 5. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 句意为：在这些章节中，我探讨了独处的重要性，以及培养高质量休闲活动的必要性等问题，以取代现在大多数人漫无目的地使用电子设备而花费的时间。 most now spend on … 为省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰先行词 the time，most意为“大多数人”。（新课标I卷） 6. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 句意为：这项研究的重要发现是，当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时，这些群体（估算）的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。 本句主干是个主系表结构：the key finding of the study was that ...；that引导的表语从句由一个主从复合句构成，其中when引导的条件状语从句中又包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smaller groups，主句the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals中的those指代the averages。（新课标I卷） 7. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 句意为：阅读者的形象是贯穿历史的，早在我们如今熟知的书籍出现之前很久，就已有展现阅读者形象的艺术作品问世。 句子主干是：The image of the reader appears throughout history。in art …作状语，made long before books … came into being作后置定语，修饰art；as we now know them为插入语。（新课标Ⅱ卷） 8. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 句意为：最近，由于书籍变得廉价甚至被随意丢弃，艺术家们已经将书籍用作艺术品的原材料，将书籍的封面、内页甚至整本书变成绘画和雕塑作品。 本句为主从复合句，主句的主干为artists have used them as the raw material for artworks。as引导原因状语从句，主句后的动词-ing短语作伴随状语。（新课标Ⅱ卷） 9 .They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 句意为：他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在线提交一份书面总结，描述一下他们在公园里与大自然进行的一次有意义的互动。 句子主干是：They surveyed several hundred park-goers；asking them ... nature in the park 作伴随状语；伴随状语中 they had with nature in the park是省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词interaction。（新课标Ⅱ卷） 10. Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 句意为：为每种自然体验命名可以创造出一个可用的语言，它有助于帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。 句子主干是：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language；which引导定语从句，修饰先行词language，该定语从句中又包含另一个定语从句that are most satisfying and meaningful to them，修饰先行词activities。 考向02 考查长难句在阅读理解中运用 【长难句考例分析】 【考例1】Why was Garzas move a success？ A. It strengthened her family ties. B. It improved her living conditions. C. It enabled her to make more friends. D. It helped her know more new places. 主要答题依据：Today all three generations regard the move as a success， giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. 分析：本句主干是一个主谓+复合宾语的简单句，随后带了一个V-ing形式作原因状语（其逻辑主语是the move），这个原因状语中又包含一个隐含虚拟语气的定语从句。题干与本句的主干意义一致，所以本题主要考查对原因状语的理解。结合虚拟语气的用法可知，原因状语意思是说，搬到一起后，他们之间的关系更亲密了。如果他们不曾搬家，而是住在各自的城市里，他们之间的关系就不会比现在更亲密。故本题选A。 【考例2】What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s？ A. They were unsure of themselves. B. They were eager to raise more children. C. They wanted to live away from their parents. D. They had little respect for their grandparents. 主要答题依据： “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，” says Christine Crosby， publisher of Grand， a magazine for grandparents . 分析：本題主要考查对引号中句子的理解。这个句子的结构并不复杂，第一个分句是主系表结构；第二个分句是省略了主语的主谓宾结构，其后再加far和fast及动词不定式作状语。本句难就难在考查了一个特殊的语法结构 “cant/couldn’t ...enough...”表示“越……越好”，所以引号中句子的意思是 “在20世纪60年代我们都有一点疯狂，为了证明我们可以独立，我们认为离家越远越好，越快越好。” 故本题选C。 【考例3】What made the authors getting up early worthwhile？ A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmers market. 主要答题依据：Swimming pools， wine tasting， and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours， not 4 in the afternoon） filled the weekend， but the best part—particularly to my taste， dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables—was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. 分析：这个句子是一个长句，但本句其实就是一个由but连接的转折并列句。第一个分句是一个主谓宾简单句“Swimming pools， wine tasting， and pink sunsets filled the weekend”；第二个分句是个主系表简单句“the best part was a 7 a.m. adventure”。第一个分句的主语后加了插入语对pink sunsets 补充说明；第二个分句的主谓之间也用破折号加入了插入语，表语“ a 7 a.m. adventure”后带了介词短语作定语和分隔式定语从句。定语从句“that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call”中的that指代 adventure， 再根据adventure后的定语可知，这次冒险是指早起去Sarasota当地的农贸市场，因此本题答案选D。 【考例4】What was the author going to do that evening？ A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables. 主要答题依据： Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight， my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty， a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton， where—luckily for me—I was planning to have dinner that very night. 分析：本句是一个复杂的主从复合句。主句为主谓结构的简单句“my happiness deepened”，其前面是一个as引导的倒装结构的让步状语从句，其后是when引导的时间状语从句，这个时间状语从句中又包含一个that 引导的主系表结构的宾语从句， 这个宾语从句中有一个介词短语for Jack Dusty作状语，其后接“a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton”作Jack Dusty的同位语， 补充说明Jack Dusty是一家新开的餐馆，然后再由where引导非限制性定语从句补充说明我打算要在那天晚上在Jack Dusty这家新开的餐馆里吃饭， 故答案选C。 【考例5】 In the 18th and early 19th centuries， passenger pigeons_______. A. were the biggest bird in the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the US 主要答题依据： It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point， there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States， making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. 分析：本句是一個由that引导的主语从句的复合句。that引导的主语从句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句的复合句， 这个复合句的主句是there be 句型， 其主语“more than 3 billion passenger pigeons”后由破折号引出同位语a number， 然后再接定语从句 “which is equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States ”的省略形式（省略了which is） 作a number的后置定语，最后这个there be 句型后又跟了一个V-ing形式的结果状语。根据这个句子的意思及仔细比较四个选项， 可知本题选D。 【考例6】What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3？ A. Tolerant. B. Doubtful. C. Respectful. D. Supportive. 主要答题依据： This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best， the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. 分析：本句是一个包含because原因状语从句的复合句。because原因状语从句是一个包含while引导的时间状语从句的复合句，这个复合句的主句主语和谓语之间插入了who 引导的定语从句，主句的谓语使用的是leave sb/sth adj.（使……处于某种状态）的被动语态。本句可翻译为：当所有的专家忙于争辩哪个是最好的选择时，那些想要改善自己生活的人依然被诸多相互矛盾的信息困扰着，这让我感到无限沮丧。因此作者对专家们的态度是怀疑的，故本题选B。 （以C篇说明文或议论文为例） 1.【上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题】 Australia and the rest of Oceania are the last regions free of bird flu that has caused mass mortality in birds across the world and a massive outbreak in dairy cattle in the United States. Why animals in the southern region have so far escaped infection is a mystery, but scientists have several theories. For one, Australia is geographically isolated and doesn’t import live poultry, says Frank Wong, a virologist at the Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness. Many of the countries’ birds are endemic (地方性的)and do not migrate to regions where the virus is spreading. But the virus’s arrival in Australia is “a matter of when, not if”, says Michelle Wille at the University of Melboume, Australia. She thinks that long-distance migratory shorebirds and seabirds that come from Siberia and Alaska through southeast Asia to Australia are most likely to carry the virus into the country. Another possible route for the virus is through ducks. Scientists think migrating ducks and geese in other parts of the world can spread the disease without dying from it. That’s because ducks have a biological sensor, known as RIG-I, that detects an invading flu virus and triggers an immune response that usually fights it off. Kirsty Short says ducks might have evolved such defences in Asia from repeated infections with many weaker forms of the virus, giving them pre-existing immunity. Although they don’t get sick from H5N1, they can still pass it on, and ducks gather in lakes and ponds with other birds, increasing the chances of disease spread. Oceania has isolated ecosystems. This isolation is partly explained by a biogeographical division called the Wallace Line. Many animal species tend to stay on one side of the line or the other, and because of this isolation, the species on each side are distinct. The sharp division might also mean that the virus is not adapted to animals east of the Wallace Line, says Wong. “Bird flu viruses are particularly well-adapted to certain species,” he says. Birds in Australia could have a genetic make-up that bypasses the usual infection route for the virus, but no one has yet tested this assumption. Although many duck species are short-distance migratory birds and tend not to cross the Wallace Line, some species—including Pacific black duck and spotted whistling duck—do, and Wille thinks they could introduce H5N1 to the region. If the virus is detected, government vets will immediately move in to kill the affected population, which happened when H7N3 and H7N9 strains of the flu were detected in Victoria in May. Short says that, when it happens, the impact on Australia’s birds, mammals and ecosystems is unknown, but many species could probably be affected. “It’s a big research gap.” she says. 1．Which viewpoint does Michelle Wille most agree with? A．The virus is unlikely to spread to Australia soon. B．It is ducks that will bring the virus into Australia. C．Migration patterns will keep Australia safe from infection. D．The arrival of the virus in Australia is highly possible. 2．What is suggested about birds in Australia regarding the virus? A．They have been tested and found resistant. B．They migrate to areas where the virus spreads. C．They may have genetic traits that prevent infection. D．They are more susceptible to infection than other birds. 3．Which of the following statements is correct according to the passage? A．There is a lack of research on the virus’ impact. B．Government measures will prevent outbreaks in Australia. C．Birds in Australia have become immune due to past exposure. D．The Wallace Line guarantees that the virus will not reach Australia. 4．What could be the best title of the passage? A．The Spread of Bird Flu in Australia B．Is Australia Immune from Bird Flu? C．Why Are Ducks Responsible for Bird Flu? D．Bird Flu: A Global Concern 长难句 1 原句：Australia and the rest of Oceania are the last regions free of bird flu that has caused mass mortality in birds across the world and a massive outbreak in dairy cattle in the United States. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 结构分析： 主句：Australia and the rest of Oceania are the last regions（澳大利亚和大洋洲其他地区是最后的地区）。 修饰成分：free of bird flu是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰regions（没有禽流感的）。 定语从句：that has caused mass mortality...and a massive outbreak...修饰bird flu，其中caused有两个并列宾语：mass mortality in birds across the world（全球鸟类大量死亡）和a massive outbreak in dairy cattle in the United States（美国奶牛大规模疫情）。 中文翻译：澳大利亚和大洋洲其他地区是全球最后几个没有禽流感的地区，这种禽流感已在全球范围内导致鸟类大量死亡，并在美国引发了奶牛的大规模疫情。 长难句 2 原句：Kirsty Short says ducks might have evolved such defences in Asia from repeated infections with many weaker forms of the virus, giving them pre-existing immunity. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 结构分析： 主句：Kirsty Short says（柯尔斯蒂・肖特表示）。 宾语从句：ducks might have evolved such defences in Asia（鸭子在亚洲可能进化出了这样的防御机制）。 介词短语：from repeated infections with many weaker forms of the virus作原因状语（由于反复感染多种较弱形式的病毒）。 现在分词短语：giving them pre-existing immunity作结果状语（使它们具备了先天免疫力）。 中文翻译：柯尔斯蒂・肖特表示，在亚洲，由于反复感染多种较弱形式的病毒，鸭子可能进化出了这样的防御机制，这使它们具备了先天免疫力。 长难句 3 原句：Birds in Australia could have a genetic make-up that bypasses the usual infection route for the virus, but no one has yet tested this assumption. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 结构分析： 并列句：由but连接两个分句。 前半句：Birds in Australia could have a genetic make-up（澳大利亚的鸟类可能具有一种基因构成），其中that bypasses the usual infection route for the virus是定语从句，修饰genetic make-up（能够绕过该病毒通常的感染途径）。 后半句：no one has yet tested this assumption（尚未有人验证这一假设）。 中文翻译：澳大利亚的鸟类可能具有一种基因构成，这种基因构成能够绕过该病毒通常的感染途径，但尚未有人验证这一假设。 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出，澳大利亚等大洋洲地区成为最后一块没有出现禽流感的净土，文中分析了其原因和出现禽流感的可能性。 1．推理判断题。根据第三段“But the virus’s arrival in Australia is “a matter of when, not if”, says Michelle Wille at the University of Melboume, Australia. She thinks that long-distance migratory shorebirds and seabirds that come from Siberia and Alaska through southeast Asia to Australia are most likely to carry the virus into the country.(但澳大利亚墨尔本大学的Michelle Wille说，病毒到达澳大利亚是“时间问题，而不是有没有可能”。她认为，从西伯利亚和阿拉斯加经东南亚到澳大利亚的长途迁徙滨鸟和海鸟最有可能将病毒携带到澳大利亚)”可知，Michelle Wille认为禽流感病毒传播到澳大利亚只是时间早晚的问题，即她觉得这是极有可能发生的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第六段“The sharp division might also mean that the virus is not adapted to animals east of the Wallace Line, says Wong. “Bird flu viruses are particularly well-adapted to certain species,” he says. Birds in Australia could have a genetic make-up that bypasses the usual infection route for the virus, but no one has yet tested this assumption.(黄说，这种巨大的区别也可能意味着病毒不适于华莱士线以东的动物。他说：“禽流感病毒特别适应某些物种。”澳大利亚的鸟类可能具有绕过病毒一般感染途径的基因组成，但还没有人证实过这一假设)”可知，澳大利亚的鸟类可能因其特别的遗传特性而免于感染禽流感，这与C选项描述相符。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第九段“Short says that, when it happens, the impact on Australia’s birds, mammals and ecosystems is unknown, but many species could probably be affected. “It’s a big research gap.” she says.(Short说，当这一情况发生时，会对澳大利亚鸟类、哺乳动物和生态系统产生的影响尚不清楚，但许多物种可能会受到影响。“这是一个很大的研究差距。”她说)”可知，对于禽流感病毒会在澳大利亚造成的影响，相关研究是匮乏的。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。总览全文可知，文章主要对澳大利亚尚未被禽流感病毒影响的原因和未来被病毒入侵的可能性进行了分析和探讨，B选项“澳大利亚对禽流感是否免疫？”准确对应文章内容，适合作为标题。故选B。 2.【上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题】 Not long ago I joined in a forum on the role of the American press. The purpose of the forum, as I understood it, was to examine the responsibilities of the media and to suggest the best ways to meet those responsibilities. During the open-discussion period, a gentleman addressed a question to a distinguished anchorman. Why, he asked, are the newspapers and television news programs so disaster-prone? The anchorman reacted as if he had been blamed for the existence of bad news. Newsmen, he said, are only responsible for reporting the news, not for creating or modifying it. It didn’t seem to me that he had answered the question. The gentleman was just wondering why distortions are most reported. The news media seem to operate on the philosophy that all news is bad news. Why? Could it be that the emphasis on downside news is largely the result of tradition — the way newsmen and newswomen are accustomed to responding to daily events? Perhaps it would be useful here to examine the way we define the word news for this is where the problem begins. News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours — 24 hours at most. Anything that happens so suddenly, however, is likely to be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed into a mountain… Focusing only on these details, however, produces a misshapen picture. Civilization is a lot more than the sum total of its disasters. The most important ingredient in any civilization is progress. But progress is not eruptive. Generally, it comes in bits and pieces, very little of it clearly visible at any given moment, but all of it involved in the making of historical change for the better. It is this aspect of living history that most news reporting reflects inadequately. The result is that we are under-informed about positive developments and over-informed about disasters. This, in turn, leads to a public mood of defeatism, which in themselves tend to prevent progress. A persistent diet of eruptive news drains the essential human energies a free society needs. I am not suggesting “positive” news be designed as a countermeasure to the disasters on page one. What I am trying to get across is the notion that the responsibility of the news media is to search out and report on important events whether or not they come under the heading of conflicts or disasters. The world is a splendid combination of heaven and hell, and both call for attention and examination. The anchorman was right in saying newsmen were not responsible for shaping the world, but they are responsible for affecting our attitude. News people provide us with the only picture of ourselves and the world. It had better be a true portrait-and not a caricature (漫画)— for it’s this picture on which we will base our decisions and around which we will plan our future. 5．The author learned from the forum that ______. A．the public tended to blame newsmen for reporting only bad news B．there were concerns about the media’s too much focus on bad news C．the American press failed to deliver on its promise to reform the media D．the public expected factual and unmodified news reports from newsmen 6．What does the author suggest is the primary reason for the dominance of negative news coverage? A．The news media works on the principle that all news is bad news. B．News reporters are professionally trained to report daily disasters. C．News traditionally refers to events that occur suddenly within a day. D．Reporting only tragic events may blind the public to social progress. 7．Which of the following statements might the author agree with? A．News reporters should give their attention to a wider range of important issues. B．The conflicts and disasters cause public despair and rob society of human energy. C．Newsmen are duty-bound to create more positive news to fight against disasters. D．Newsmen can strive to find a balanced portrayal of events to shape the world. 8．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A．Why is all news bad news? B．Where is the news leading us? C．Why is it time to create more positive news? D．How can the news media thrive against all odds? 长难句 1 原句：News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours — 24 hours at most. Anything that happens so suddenly, however, is likely to be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed into a mountain… 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 结构分析： 第一句：简单句News is supposed to deal with happenings...（新闻本应报道…… 事件）。 第二句：主句Anything...is likely to be eruptive（任何…… 事情都可能是爆发性的），其中that happens so suddenly是定语从句修饰Anything（突然发生的）。 冒号后内容：举例说明eruptive的具体表现（一名狙击手射杀总统候选人；一架飞机撞山……）。 中文翻译：新闻本应报道过去 12 小时 —— 最多 24 小时内发生的事情。然而，任何突然发生的事情都可能是爆发性的：一名狙击手射杀了一位总统候选人；一架飞机撞向了一座山…… 长难句 2 原句：The result is that we are under-informed about positive developments and over-informed about disasters. This, in turn, leads to a public mood of defeatism, which in themselves tend to prevent progress. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 结构分析： 第一句：主句The result is（结果是），后跟表语从句that we are under-informed...and over-informed...（我们对积极进展了解不足，对灾难却过度了解）。 第二句：主句This...leads to a public mood of defeatism（这反过来导致公众产生失败主义情绪），其中which in themselves tend to prevent progress是定语从句，修饰defeatism（这种情绪本身往往会阻碍进步）。 中文翻译：其结果是，我们对积极进展了解不足，而对灾难却过度了解。这反过来又导致公众产生失败主义情绪，这种情绪本身往往会阻碍进步。 长难句 3 原句：News people provide us with the only picture of ourselves and the world. It had better be a true portrait-and not a caricature — for it’s this picture on which we will base our decisions and around which we will plan our future. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 结构分析： 第一句：简单句News people provide us with...（新闻工作者为我们提供……）。 第二句：主句It had better be a true portrait（这最好是一幅真实的肖像），and not a caricature是插入语（而不是漫画）。 原因状语从句：for it’s this picture...，其中on which...and around which...是两个并列定语从句，修饰picture（我们将基于这幅图景做决策，并围绕它规划未来）。 中文翻译：新闻工作者为我们提供了关于我们自身和世界的唯一图景。这最好是一幅真实的肖像 —— 而不是一幅漫画 —— 因为我们将基于这幅图景做出决策，并围绕它规划我们的未来。 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讨论了美国新闻媒体的报道倾向，特别是其对负面新闻的过度关注及其对公众态度和社会氛围的影响。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Why, he asked, are the newspapers and television news programs so disaster-prone? The anchorman reacted as if he had been blamed for the existence of bad news. Newsmen, he said, are only responsible for reporting the news, not for creating or modifying it.(他问道，为什么报纸和电视新闻节目如此容易报道灾难？主持人的反应就好像他因为坏消息的存在而受到责备。他说，新闻记者只负责报道新闻，而不负责创造或修改新闻)”可知，有人担心媒体过分关注坏消息。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段“Perhaps it would be useful here to examine the way we define the word news for this is where the problem begins. News is supposed to deal with happenings of the past 12 hours — 24 hours at most. Anything that happens so suddenly, however, is likely to be eruptive: a sniper kills a presidential candidate; a plane crashed into a mountain…(也许在这里检查一下我们定义“新闻”这个词的方式会很有用，因为这就是问题的开始。新闻应该处理过去12小时——最多24小时内发生的事情。然而，任何突然发生的事情都可能引发爆发：一名狙击手杀死了一名总统候选人；一架飞机坠毁在山上。)”可知，作者认为负面新闻报道占主导地位的主要原因是传统上，新闻指的是一天内突然发生的事件。故选C。 7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“What I am trying to get across is the notion that the responsibility of the news media is to search out and report on important events whether or not they come under the heading of conflicts or disasters. The world is a splendid combination of heaven and hell, and both call for attention and examination.(我想要表达的是这样一种观念，即新闻媒体的责任是找出并报道重要事件，无论这些事件是否属于冲突或灾难的范畴。这个世界是天堂和地狱的完美结合，两者都需要关注和审视)”可知，作者认为新闻记者应该把注意力放在更广泛的重要问题上。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Not long ago I joined in a forum on the role of the American press. The purpose of the forum, as I understood it, was to examine the responsibilities of the media and to suggest the best ways to meet those responsibilities.(不久前，我参加了一个关于美国媒体角色的论坛。据我所知，论坛的目的是审查传播媒介的责任，并提出履行这些责任的最佳方法)”以及这篇文章主要讨论了美国新闻媒体的报道倾向，特别是其对负面新闻的过度关注及其对公众态度和社会氛围的影响。故B选项“这条新闻把我们引向何方？”最符合文章标题。故选B。 3.【上海市位育中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷】 Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social diversity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size. 9．According to paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society __________. A．tended to acquaint themselves with people passing by B．usually had more friends than small-town residents C．bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives D．could not develop very close relationships with others 10．One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents __________. A．lower the quality of relationships B．show little concern for strangers C．suffer from the lack of friendship D．the better its quality of life is 11．We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is, __________. A．the more likely it is to display stress B．the more open-minded people are C．the more similar its interests are D．the better its quality of life is 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and towns. B．The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society. C．Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns. D．The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering. 长难句 1 原句：Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 结构分析： 主句：it seemed “obvious”...that...，其中it是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的从句；both to the general public and to sociologists是状语（对普通大众和社会学家而言）。 主语从句：modern society has changed..., loosened..., and substituted...（现代社会改变了……、减轻了……、并用…… 取而代之），三个谓语动词changed“loosened“substituted并列。 中文翻译：几十年前，在普通大众和社会学家看来，现代社会改变了人们的自然关系，减轻了他们对亲属和邻居的责任，并用与泛泛之交的表面关系取而代之，这似乎是 “显而易见的”。 长难句 2 原句：Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 结构分析： 倒装句：Nor are residents...any likelier...than are residents...，否定词nor置于句首引起部分倒装，正常语序为 “residents of large communities are nor any likelier...than residents of smaller communities are”（大型社区居民并不比小型社区居民更可能……）。 同位语：a feeling of not belonging解释alienation（疏离感，即一种不属于这里的感觉）。 中文翻译：大型社区的居民也并不比小型社区的居民更有可能表现出压力或疏离感（一种不属于这里的感觉）的心理症状。 长难句 3 原句：Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. 句子结构分析：_______________________________________________________________________________ 翻译：_______________________________________________________________________________ 结构分析： 主句：Large-city urbanites are also more likely...to have..., to display..., to vote for..., and to be tolerant of...（大城市居民更可能……），than their small-town counterparts是比较状语（比小城镇居民）。 并列不定式：四个to do短语作表语补足语，分别为 “拥有开阔视野”“对传统亲属角色责任感较低”“投票支持左翼候选人”“容忍非传统群体等”，其中最后一个不定式后接三个并列宾语（非传统宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治团体、所谓 “不受欢迎的人”）。 中文翻译：大城市的居民也比小城镇的居民更有可能拥有开阔的视野，对传统亲属角色表现出较少的责任感，投票支持左翼政治候选人，并容忍非传统宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治团体以及所谓的 “不受欢迎的人”。 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．B 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是城市与小镇人际关系的微小区别。 9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kins and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. (几十年前，在大众和社会学家看来，现代社会已经改变了人们的自然关系，放松了他们对亲戚和邻居的责任，用过路的熟人代替了表面的关系，这似乎是“显而易见的”)”可知，一般大众与社会学家都认为亲人、邻居之间的关系变得淡薄，只与一些普通的熟人打交道，即无法与他人建立非常密切的关系。故选D项。 10．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. (小城镇的居民比大城市的居民亲属关系更紧密)”和第三段中“If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young troublemakers. (如果邻居之间互不相识，他们就不太可能为住在隔壁的老夫妇清扫人行道，也不太可能留意年轻的捣乱分子)”可知，城市化的后果之一是城市居民相对小镇居民不够关心他人。故选B项。 11．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan (见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. (大城市的都市人也比小城镇的都市人更有可能具有世界主义的观点，对传统的亲属角色表现出较少的责任感，投票给左翼政治候选人，对非传统宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治团体和所谓的不受欢迎的人更宽容)”可知，城市居民比小镇居民更见多识广，更支持左翼政治候选人，更能宽容非传统的宗教团体等，这说明他们思想更开放。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。本文第一段是中心段，第一段中“It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. (似乎如果你是一个城市居民，你认识的邻居比例通常比你是一个小社区的居民要小。但在大多数情况下，这一事实几乎没有什么重大后果。这并不是说如果你不认识你的邻居，你就不认识其他人)”，第二段中“Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. (事实上，有意义关系的数量和质量在或多或少的城市人之间没有差异)”结合下文对城镇人际关系的介绍可知，文章主要讲述了城镇之间人际关系的微小差异。故选A项。 · （以C篇说明文或议论文为例） （2025·上海浦东新·二模）This week’s Nobel Physics Prize honored two scientists who helped computers “learn” more like the human brain. A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular (分子的) structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades. Here come the complaints. This was computer science, not physics or chemistry! Of the five winners, arguably only one, biochemist David Baker, works in the field he was awarded in. The Nobel Prizes have traditionally favored concrete results over theory, experimental discovery over pure idea. But that pattern didn’t quite hold this year: one prize went to scientists who were dedicated to physics as a foundation on which to build computer models used for no groundbreaking result in particular. The winners on Wednesday, on the other hand, had created computer models that made big advancements in biochemistry. This shift hints at an unsettling prospect: Perhaps scientists will merely craft the tools that make the breakthroughs, rather than do the revolutionary work themselves or even understand how it came about. Artificial intelligence designs and builds hundreds of molecular Notre Dames (巴黎圣母院) and a researcher is honored for inventing the tool “shovel”. But hey, give people some credit. Science has always involved tools and instruments, and our relationship to them has grown more complex with their advancement. Few astronomers today put an eye to a telescope; sensors and AI models collect eye-popping volumes of data; computer programs analyze them for patterns familiar and strange; researchers examine them, sometimes from halfway across the world. The heavens are pixels (像素) on a monitor. Who, then, owns the discovery? Where does the machinery end and the human begin? If anything, highlighting AI’s role in science, the Nobel Committee also revealed its own untimely approach. Alfred Nobel’s 1895 vision rewarded the individual genius planting flags in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine. But today’s challenges, such as climate change, cancer, extinction, don’t respect those boundaries. Rare is the pure chemist or biologist; common is the geochemist, the computational evolutionary theorist. AI is making these divisions less distinct, linking vast datasets across disciplines and boosting unexpected cooperation. “Among” is the key word. Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate. If Nobel Committee is now rewarding the contributions of AI, should it not also recognize the researchers whose results it learned from? 1．What caused the complaints about this year’s Nobel Prizes in Physics and Chemistry? A．Winners were recognized for experimental results. B．Both prizes were associated with computer science. C．The biology field has long been overlooked in the award. D．Physics Prizes were awarded for models in biochemistry. 2．The writer mentions “Notre Dame” and “telescope” to suggest ________. A．AI masks human-machine roles in discovery B．humans owe their understanding of the world to AI C．AI is more crucial than humans in scientific exploration D．humans enable tools to independently make breakthroughs 3．It can be inferred in the last two paragraphs that ________. A．the committee has been used to applauding a team effort B．emphasising individual genius is against modern science C．AI should be preferred over researchers for breakthroughs D．the strict rules and categories address scientific challenges 4．What might be the best title of this passage? A．AI takes over: the decline of traditional science B．AI dominates science: the end of human discovery C．Nobel Prizes question AI’s role in modern research D．Nobel Prizes highlight AI and teamwork in science 长难句 1 原句：A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades. 结构分析： 主句：the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers（化学奖授予了三位研究者），为主谓宾结构。 定语从句：who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular structures修饰researchers，其中who作主语，used AI为谓语和宾语，to design...and reveal...为不定式短语作目的状语。 同位语：a problem补充说明前文 “design proteins and reveal molecular structures”，后接定语从句that had troubled biologists for decades（that指代problem，在从句中作主语）。 中文翻译：一天后，化学奖授予了三位研究者，他们利用人工智能设计蛋白质并揭示分子结构 —— 这是一个困扰生物学家数十年的难题。 长难句 2 原句：But that pattern didn’t quite hold this year: one prize went to scientists who were dedicated to physics as a foundation on which to build computer models used for no groundbreaking result in particular. 结构分析： 主句：that pattern didn’t quite hold this year（这种模式今年并不完全适用），为主谓结构。 同位语从句（解释说明）：one prize went to scientists（其中一个奖项授予了科学家们），为主谓宾结构。 定语从句 1：who were dedicated to physics as a foundation修饰scientists（who作主语，were dedicated to为谓语，physics as a foundation为宾语）。 定语从句 2：on which to build computer models修饰foundation（“介词 + 关系代词” 结构，which指代foundation，不定式短语to build...作后置定语）。 过去分词短语：used for no groundbreaking result in particular修饰computer models（作后置定语，表被动）。 中文翻译：但这种模式今年并不完全适用：其中一个奖项授予了那些致力于将物理学作为基础来构建计算机模型的科学家，而这些模型并未带来任何特别突破性的成果。 长难句 3 原句：If anything, highlighting AI’s role in science, the Nobel Committee also revealed its own untimely approach. Alfred Nobel’s 1895 vision rewarded the individual genius planting flags in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine. 结构分析： 第一句： 插入语：If anything（如果说有什么的话），表补充说明。 现在分词短语：highlighting AI’s role in science作伴随状语（逻辑主语为the Nobel Committee）。 主句：the Nobel Committee also revealed its own untimely approach（诺贝尔委员会也暴露了其不合时宜的做法），为主谓宾结构。 第二句： 主句：Alfred Nobel’s 1895 vision rewarded the individual genius（阿尔弗雷德・诺贝尔 1895 年的愿景是奖励个体天才），为主谓宾结构。 现在分词短语：planting flags in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine作后置定语，修饰genius（表主动，意为 “在物理、化学和医学领域树立标杆”）。 中文翻译：如果说有什么的话，诺贝尔委员会在强调人工智能在科学中的作用时，也暴露了其自身不合时宜的做法。阿尔弗雷德・诺贝尔 1895 年的愿景是奖励那些在物理、化学和医学领域树立标杆的个体天才。 长难句 4 原句：Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate. 结构分析： 主句：Science is ever more a team effort（科学日益成为一种团队协作），为主系表结构。 同位语：a beautiful, essential reality解释说明 “a team effort”，后接定语从句that the Nobels...struggle to celebrate（that指代reality，在从句中作宾语）。 插入语：with their strict rules and categories修饰the Nobels，说明其局限性。 中文翻译：科学日益成为一种团队协作，这是一个美好而重要的现实，但诺贝尔奖因其严格的规则和分类，难以对这一点进行表彰。 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了今年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与计算机科学相关，引发了人们的抱怨，进而探讨了人工智能在科学研究中的作用以及诺贝尔奖在当今科学发展下所面临的问题，强调了科学研究中人工智能和团队合作的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段 “Here come the complaints. This was computer science, not physics or chemistry!(抱怨来了。这是计算机科学，不是物理或化学！)” 可知，今年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与计算机科学相关，这引发了人们的抱怨。故选 B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence designs and builds hundreds of molecular Notre Dames (巴黎圣母院) and a researcher is honored for inventing the tool “shovel”(人工智能设计和建造了数百个分子巴黎圣母院，一位研究人员因发明工具“铲子”而获得荣誉)”第四段 “Science has always involved tools and instruments, and our relationship to them has grown more complex with their advancement. Few astronomers today put an eye to a telescope; sensors and AI models collect eye-popping volumes of data; computer programs analyze them for patterns familiar and strange; researchers examine them, sometimes from halfway across the world. The heavens are pixels (像素) on a monitor. Who, then, owns the discovery? Where does the machinery end and the human begin?(科学总是与工具和仪器有关，随着它们的进步，我们与它们的关系也变得更加复杂。今天很少有天文学家用望远镜观察；传感器和人工智能模型收集了大量令人瞠目结舌的数据；计算机程序对它们进行分析，找出熟悉和陌生的模式；研究人员有时会从半个地球的另一端对它们进行检查。天空是显示器上的像素。那么，谁拥有这项发现呢？机器在哪里结束，人类在哪里开始？)” 可推知，作者提到 “巴黎圣母院” 和 “望远镜” 是为了表明人工智掩盖了AI在发现中的角色。故选 A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “Alfred Nobel’s 1895 vision rewarded the individual genius planting flags in Physics, Chemistry, and Medicine. But today’s challenges, such as climate change, cancer, extinction, don’t respect those boundaries(阿尔弗雷德・诺贝尔 1895 年的愿景是奖励在物理、化学和医学领域树立旗帜的个人天才。但如今的挑战，如气候变化、癌症、物种灭绝等，并不受这些界限的限制)”以及最后一段“Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate(科学越来越是一种团队努力，这是一个美好而重要的现实，而诺贝尔奖以其严格的规则和类别，很难对此进行赞扬)” 可知，最后两段强调个人天才与现代科学相悖。故选 B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“This week’s Nobel Physics Prize honored two scientists who helped computers “learn” more like the human brain. A day later, the Chemistry Prize went to three researchers who used AI to design proteins and reveal molecular (分子的) structures, a problem that had troubled biologists for decades.(本周的诺贝尔物理学奖授予了两位帮助计算机像人类大脑一样“学习”的科学家。一天后，化学奖颁给了三位利用人工智能设计蛋白质和揭示分子结构的研究人员，这是一个困扰生物学家几十年的问题)”和最后一段“Science is ever more a team effort, a beautiful, essential reality that the Nobels, with their strict rules and categories, struggle to celebrate(科学越来越是一种团队努力，这是一个美好而重要的现实，而诺贝尔奖以其严格的规则和类别，很难对此进行赞扬)”可知，文章主要讲述了今年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与计算机科学相关，引发了人们的抱怨，进而探讨了人工智能在科学研究中的作用以及诺贝尔奖在当今科学发展下所面临的问题，强调了科学研究中人工智能和团队合作的重要性。D选项“诺贝尔奖凸显了人工智能和科学中的团队合作”为短文的最佳标题，故选 D。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模）In the early 20th century, Henry Ford revolutionized industrial production by integrating moving production lines with mass labor, greatly lowering manufacturing costs and transforming the automobile from a luxury item into an accessible means of transportation. Today, a similar shift is unfolding in the service industry, as digital platforms use technological advancements and on-demand labor to deliver services that were once exclusive to the wealthy. Companies such as Uber, Handy, and Instacart have special consumer access, enabling individuals to secure personal drivers, household assistance, and grocery deliveries with minimal effort. However, the scope of the on-demand economy extends far beyond convenience services. Increasingly, essential professional areas, including healthcare, legal consultation, and business advisory services, are being restructured through digital platforms. Startups like Medicast, Axiom, and Freelancer.com facilitate interactions between independent professionals and clients in need of specialized expertise. Although still emerging, this economic model is expanding at an unparalleled pace: Uber, established in 2009, now operates in over 50 countries and had already reached a valuation of $40 billion by 2014. Several critical factors have fueled the expansion of this economic transformation. The digital revolution has not only enabled real-time connections between service providers and consumers but has also decentralized traditional workflows. A single person equipped-with-a laptop can now produce Hollywood-quality media, develop new software, or conduct in-depth legal research from virtually any location. This shift has got companies to increasingly favor contract-based specialists over full-time employees, improving business flexibility while also generating profits from previously untapped resources, such as personal vehicles or specialized expertise. Beyond technological drivers, socio-economic shifts have further sped up this transition. The decline of long-term job stability, worsened by automation and global outsourcing, has led to a decline in conventional employment models. Meanwhile, society is becoming increasingly polarized between those who possess financial capital but lack time and those with availability but limited financial means. The on-demand economy serves as a mechanism through which these two groups can exchange value efficiently. Yet, this transformation presents notable challenges. While consumers and flexibility-seeking workers benefit, those reliant on stable, full-time employment with comprehensive benefits face growing uncertainty. Many on-demand workers operate without traditional job security, healthcare provisions, or retirement plans, raising complex regulatory and policy concerns. Governments must respond by modernizing labor laws, streamlining tax frameworks for independent workers, and ensuring social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape. 1．What is the defining characteristic of on-demand economy? A．Digital platforms connect workers with customers when needed. B．Businesses put more emphasis on the advancement of technology. C．Markets rule out those unnecessary services to increase efficiency. D．Companies hire more temporary workers than long-term employees. 2．Which example best illustrates the idea of “decentralizing traditional workflows”? A．A company encourages employees to take part-time jobs. B．A software developer works with a global team remotely. C．A researcher does experiments in an advanced laboratory. D．A business asks in-house staff to handle most operations. 3．Which of the following is a driving force of the economic transition introduced in the passage? A．People tend to have either money or time. B．Business flexibility benefits workers equally. C．Full-time employees are becoming less available. D．Automation is gradually replaced by global outsourcing. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The on-demand economy guarantees better job opportunities. B．Companies are seeking financial protection for on-demand workers. C．Governments may struggle to keep up with changes in the job market. D．Workers will no longer worry about employment benefits in the future. 长难句 1 原句：In the early 20th century, Henry Ford revolutionized industrial production by integrating moving production lines with mass labor, greatly lowering manufacturing costs and transforming the automobile from a luxury item into an accessible means of transportation. 结构分析： 时间状语：In the early 20th century（20 世纪初），点明动作发生的时间。 主句：Henry Ford revolutionized industrial production（亨利・福特彻底改变了工业生产），为主谓宾结构。 方式状语：by integrating moving production lines with mass labor（通过将移动生产线与大规模劳动力相结合），介词短语by引出具体方式，其中integrating...with...为核心动词短语。 结果状语：greatly lowering...and transforming...（极大降低了…… 并将…… 转变为……），由现在分词短语充当，两个并列动作lowering和transforming说明 “革新工业生产” 带来的结果；transforming后接固定搭配from...into...（从…… 转变为……）。 中文翻译：20 世纪初，亨利・福特通过将移动生产线与大规模劳动力相结合，彻底改变了工业生产，极大地降低了制造成本，并将汽车从奢侈品转变为大众可及的交通工具。 长难句 2 原句：This shift has got companies to increasingly favor contract-based specialists over full-time employees, improving business flexibility while also generating profits from previously untapped resources, such as personal vehicles or specialized expertise. 结构分析： 主句：This shift has got companies to increasingly favor contract-based specialists over full-time employees（这一转变使得企业越来越倾向于聘用合同制专业人员而非全职员工），其中has got companies to favor...over...为核心结构（使企业更倾向于…… 而非……）。 伴随状语：improving business flexibility while also generating profits...（提高了企业灵活性，同时还从…… 中创造利润），由现在分词短语充当，说明主句动作带来的同步结果；while连接两个并列动作improving和generating。 举例说明：such as personal vehicles or specialized expertise（例如私家车或专业知识），补充说明previously untapped resources（此前未被利用的资源）。 中文翻译：这一转变使得企业越来越倾向于聘用合同制专业人员而非全职员工，这不仅提高了企业的灵活性，还从诸如私家车或专业知识等此前未被利用的资源中创造了利润。 长难句 3 原句：Governments must respond by modernizing labor laws, streamlining tax frameworks for independent workers, and ensuring social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape. 结构分析： 主句：Governments must respond（政府必须做出回应），为主谓结构。 方式状语：by modernizing..., streamlining..., and ensuring...（通过使…… 现代化、简化…… 以及确保……），介词短语by引出具体应对方式，三个并列动名词短语modernizing“streamlining“ensuring构成平行结构。 宾语从句：ensuring后接宾语从句social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape（社会保障能更适应这种不断变化的就业格局），其中become adaptable to...为核心搭配（适应……）。 中文翻译：政府必须做出回应，具体措施包括实现劳动法现代化、简化针对独立工作者的税收框架，以及确保社会保障能更适应这种不断变化的就业格局。 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是按需经济（on-demand economy）的兴起、发展、驱动因素、影响以及面临的挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Today, a similar shift is unfolding in the service industry, as digital platforms use technological advancements and on-demand labor to deliver services that were once exclusive to the wealthy.(如今，服务业也正在经历类似的转变，数字平台利用技术进步和按需劳动力来提供曾经仅为富人所享有的服务。)”可知，按需经济的定义特征是数字平台在需要时将员工与客户联系起来。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“A single person equipped-with-a laptop can now produce Hollywood-quality media, develop new software, or conduct in-depth legal research from virtually any location.(如今，一个配备笔记本电脑的人几乎可以在任何地方制作出好莱坞级别的媒体内容、开发新软件或进行深入的法律研究。)”可知，最能说明“分散传统工作流程”的概念的是软件开发人员与全球团队远程合作。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Meanwhile, society is becoming increasingly polarized between those who possess financial capital but lack time and those with availability but limited financial means. The on-demand economy serves as a mechanism through which these two groups can exchange value efficiently.(与此同时，社会正日益分化为两类人：一类是拥有资金但缺乏时间的人，另一类是有时间但资金有限的人。按需经济为这两类人提供了一种高效交换价值的机制。)”可知，经济转型的驱动力是人们要么有钱，要么有时间。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Governments must respond by modernizing labor laws, streamlining tax frameworks for independent workers, and ensuring social protections become more adaptable to this evolving employment landscape.(政府必须采取措施，使劳动法现代化，简化独立劳动者的税收框架，并确保社会保障更加适应这种不断变化的就业形势。)”可知，从最后一段可以推断出政府可能会努力跟上就业市场的变化。故选C。 （2025·上海静安·二模）MUSEUMS used to stand for something boring and barely relevant to real life. Those kinds of places still exist, but there are far fewer of them, and the more successful ones have changed out of all recognition. To be sure, museums remain showcases for collections and warehouse of valuables, but they have also become pits of popular debates and places where children go for sleepovers. They are no longer places where people look on in fear but where they learn and argue, as they would at universities or art schools. Nicholas Serota describes the museum as “a forum as much as a treasure box”. Statistics suggest that new-look museums are doing something right. Globally, numbers of museum goers have risen from around 23,000 two decades ago to at least 55,000 now. On the face, that success seems surprising. People now have more choices to enrich their life. Many travel to see the world, but mostly the world comes to them, conveniently delivered to their laptops or smartphones. So why would they still wander round museums if most of the stuff they can see there is available at the click of a mouse? Some of the now enthusiasm is explained by changes in demand. Today, the share of people receiving higher education is rising. Surveys show that better-educated folks arc a lot more likely to be museum-goers. They want to see for themselves where they fit in the wider world and look lo museums for guidance. For young museum-goers, they are looking for something authentic and real as the online viewing loses the sense of closeness. A century ago, Benjamin Ives urged museums to treat themselves as having a holy purpose. Collections should be considered for their artistic qualities alone, he argued, with no need for narrative, context or explanation. “A museum of art”, he wrote, “is in essence a temple.” Not all of what Ives stood for has been swept away. But today museums offer narratives in their exhibitions, provide a context for objects by linking them to people and places, through which they serve the public. They are fully aware that their ultimate attraction lies in the fact that they exist in order to respond to the public appeal. Some people may fear that what goes on in museums is getting too close to being humble. But modern museum goers like being pleased, and are likely to drift away unless museums can relate with them both intellectually and emotionally. 1．By describing the museum as “a forum as much as a treasure box”, Nicholas Serota implies that_______ A．museums now display objects much relevant to life B．museums provide chances for discussion and store precious objects C．the value of the objects kept in museums causes debate D．museums regard sleepover visitors as new treasure 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Availability of varied kinds of entertainment draws former museum goers. B．Less-educated people reject museums because they can’t fit in the wider world. C．Young museum goers prefer in-person visit to virtual enjoyment. D．Museums are rated according to the artistic qualities of their collections. 3．The primary charm of today’s museums is that_______ A．they try to attach emotion to the artistic objects B．they try to offer various forms of art viewing C．they try to keep a safe distance from the public D．they try to satisfy the needs of the public 4．Which of the following is the possible title of the passage? A．Museums, placing the public first now B．Museums, outdated but surviving C．Museums, conflicting to modern entertainment D．Museums, their history and value 长难句 1 原句：To be sure, museums remain showcases for collections and warehouse of valuables, but they have also become pits of popular debates and places where children go for sleepovers. 结构分析： 插入语：To be sure（诚然），用于缓和语气，补充说明。 主句：由转折连词but连接两个并列分句。 前半句：museums remain showcases for collections and warehouse of valuables（博物馆仍然是藏品的展示厅和贵重物品的存放地），为主系表结构，showcases和warehouse并列作表语，分别由for collections和of valuables修饰。 后半句：they have also become pits of popular debates and places where children go for sleepovers（它们也变成了大众辩论的场所和孩子们过夜的地方），其中pits和places并列作表语；where children go for sleepovers是定语从句，修饰places（where在从句中作地点状语）。 中文翻译：诚然，博物馆仍然是藏品的展示厅和贵重物品的存放地，但它们也变成了大众辩论的场所和孩子们过夜的地方。 长难句 2 原句：But today museums offer narratives in their exhibitions, provide a context for objects by linking them to people and places, through which they serve the public. 结构分析： 主句：museums offer narratives in their exhibitions, provide a context for objects（如今的博物馆在展览中呈现故事，为展品提供背景），为主谓宾结构，offer和provide并列作谓语，分别带宾语narratives和a context。 方式状语：by linking them to people and places（通过将展品与人和地点联系起来），介词短语by引出具体方式，them指代objects。 非限制性定语从句：through which they serve the public（通过这种方式为公众服务），which指代前文 “linking them to people and places”，through which在从句中作方式状语。 中文翻译：但如今的博物馆在展览中呈现故事，通过将展品与人和地点联系起来为其提供背景，并借此为公众服务。 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了博物馆的作用以及如今博物馆为了吸引更多人参观努力迎合大众需求。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“To be sure, museums remain showcases for collections and warehouse of valuables, but they have also become pits of popular debates and places where children go for sleepovers. They are no longer places where people look on in fear but where they learn and argue, as they would at universities or art schools.(诚然，博物馆仍然是收藏品的展示场所和贵重物品的仓库，但它们也成为了热门辩论的场所和孩子们过夜的地方。它们不再是人们恐惧地看着的地方，而是他们学习和争论的地方，就像他们在大学或艺术学校那样)”可知，尼古拉斯·塞罗塔将博物馆描述为“一个论坛，也是一个藏宝箱”，暗示博物馆提供了讨论和储存珍贵物品的机会。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“For young museum-goers, they are looking for something authentic and real as the online viewing loses the sense of closeness.(对于年轻的博物馆观众来说，他们正在寻找一些真实的东西，因为在线观看失去了亲近感)”可知，C选项“年轻的博物馆观众更喜欢亲自参观而不是虚拟享受”正确。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They are fully aware that their ultimate attraction lies in the fact that they exist in order to respond to the public appeal.(他们充分意识到，他们的最终吸引力在于他们的存在是为了响应公众的呼吁)”可知，当今博物馆的主要魅力在于它们努力满足公众的需要。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But today museums offer narratives in their exhibitions, provide a context for objects by linking them to people and places, through which they serve the public. They are fully aware that their ultimate attraction lies in the fact that they exist in order to respond to the public appeal.(但今天，博物馆在展览中提供叙事，通过将物品与人物和地点联系起来，为它们提供一个背景，通过这个背景，它们为公众服务。他们充分意识到，他们的最终吸引力在于他们的存在是为了响应公众的呼吁)”结合文章主要说明了博物馆的作用以及如今博物馆为了吸引更多人参观努力迎合大众需求。可知，A选项“博物馆，现在把公众放在第一位”最符合文章标题。故选A。 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$