初高中衔接---句子成分，句子结构,句子类型 导学案-2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

初高中衔接二：句子成分，基本句型 一．音标复习： /iː/ /ɑː/ /ɔː/ /ɜː/ /uː//ɪ/ /ʌ/ /ɒ/ /ə/ /ʊ//e/ /æ/；/eɪ/ /aɪ/ /ɔɪ/ /aʊ/ /əʊ/ /ɪə/ /eə/ /ʊə/；/θ/ /ʃ/ /h/ /tʃ/ /tr/ /ts/ /ð/ /ʒ/ /r//dʒ/ /dr/ /dz/ 二．j句子成分 _______ 、_________、_________ 、__________ 、_________、__________、__________ 、__________和 __________。其中，________和__________是句子的主干，是句子的核心。  1. 定语 定语修饰_______或_______，单个词作定语通常放在被修饰词的___________；短语或从句作定语时，放在被修饰词__________。 2. 找出下列句中的定语： He is one of the most popular teachers in our school. Excuse me， is this your bag? I've got so much teaching experience. There are five people in my family. The woman outside the room is my mother . Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. Health care is free for everyone living in Britain. It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. 思考：哪些成分可以做定语？ 2.状语 状语修饰______ ________ ______ 或_________，说明动作或状态特征。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度、伴随等意义。 找出下列句中的状语： He always goes to bed late. There is a house between the two trees. Seeing his mother，the boy ran towards her. We canceled the football match because of the heavy rain. It got dark when they got back home. I’ ll do some shopping tomorrow. 思考：哪些成分能够做状语？ 3.表语：表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态等，位于_______之后， 构成_______结构。 最常见的系动词__________;其他系动词： ________ :look, sound, smell, taste, feel；______:become, go, get, grow, turn, fall,come ________: stay, keep, remain；_________: seem, appear ；___________: prove, turn out 找出下列句中的表语： My ideal job is to be a journalist. The cakes smell delicious. The maple leaves have turned red. Everything will turn out all right in the end. Keep calm and patient in case of emergency. 思考：哪些成分能够做表语？ 3. 补足语 包括_______补足语和________补足语，对宾语或主语起_________的作用。 找出下列句中的补语： They called /him /the prince of gymnasts. We found /the ruins / interesting. Wear more clothes to keep /yourself /warm. We invite /you/ to bring your family and friends. I’ve never heard /the word/ used in spoken English. I saw /my best friend /chatting with another girl. He/ was caught /cheating on the exam. 常见的能带复合宾语的动词有： 看听感 see, notice, watch, hear, smell, feel, consider, think,want, expect 使得  have, make, let, get，keep 发现  find, catch 其他 allow, ask, cause,tell,  wish 3． 简单句的基本句型 简单句就是由一个________和一个__________构成的句子。 1._________这种结构中，谓语一般由不及物动词充当。 Mrs Black and her children talked and laughed. 2. ___________这种结构中，谓语一般由及物动词或不及物动词+介词 充当。 I like taking risks. The workers talked about eating out after work. 3.____________ Mary seems pleased. All of the food looks, smells and tastes wonderful.adj. 4._________ I will lend you some books.=lend some books to you You gave me some good advice.=give some good advice to you My close friends bought me a Barbie doll.=bought a Barbie doll for me. 5.___________ _______和_________合称为复合宾语。 They called him James. We will keep the table clean. She asked me to hang out with her this weekend. 6. _________ There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。 There seems to be something wrong about it.好像有点不对头。 练习： 指出下列句中画线部分是什么句子成分 1. It will be held in the school lecture hall from 3 p. m. to 5 p. m. next Friday. 2. Our hard work will finally be rewarded. 3. I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. 4. I find my room clean and tidy. 5. I would like to give you some suggestions. 6. They should make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully. 7. We do sincerely hope that your health will improve soon. 8. The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital. 9. What you said just now didn’t make me happy. 10. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 11. Hearing what he said, everybody laughed. 12. Most students in my class like playing chess. 13. His being late made the teacher very angry. 14. The book lying on the desk is on American history. 15. To finish the task on time is impossible. 16. There are many kinds of TV sets on sale in that store. 17. The red flags waved in the wind. 18. Mr. White will give us a talk next week. 19. This bed seems hard. 20. How interesting the film is! 21. He managed to finish the work in time. 22. Tom came to ask me for advice. 23. He found it important to master English. 24. Do you have anything else to say? 25. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 26. Would you please tell me your address? 27. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 28. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 29. He noticed a man enter the room. 30. The apples tasted sweet. 写出下列句子的基本句型 S+V  S+V+O    S+V+IO+DO  S+V+O+C  There be…  S+V+P   1．Well, they wanted to do something useful. (2022全国乙) 2．This development did not take place overnight. (2019全国Ⅲ) 3．There is no need for you to be annoyed with such a little boy. 4．I was the queen of the playground. (2019全国Ⅰ) 5．Don had somehow made the vehicle move.(2020浙江) 6．It gives us a great feeling of peace.(2019全国Ⅰ) 7．The students are sleeping. 8．My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. (2021全国 初高中衔接三： 简单句，并列句，复合句 简单句 简单句就是只包含一个__________结构的句子，其句式结构主要有五种： ①___________。He works in a big company. ②___________。She is a kind girl. ③____________。Ann eats junk food twice a week . ④________________。He gave me a pen . ⑤________________。He kept me waiting for two hours . 并列句（the Compound Sentence） 并列句是由并列连词或用逗号、分号把两个或以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。 并列连词可以分为四种： ①________关系的连词and, then, both…and…,not only …but also…, as well as； ②________关系的连词but, while, however, yet, still； ③________关系的连词or, or else, otherwise, either… or…, neither …nor…, not …but…； ④_________关系的连词so, for, therefore 练习：划出并列连词，并说明是什么样的关系。 I often help her and she often helps me. I like fish, but he likes meat. Hurry up, or you will be late. He is singing while she is dancing. Either come in or go out. It rained heavily outside, so I had to stay at home. Let’s start early; we have a long way to go. 3. 复合句 (the Complex Sentence) 复合句是由一个_______和一个或多个_______构成的句子。复合句包括三种从句： 1._______从句：一个从句充当主句的定语 2.________从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句）：一个从句充当主句的主语、宾语、表语、同位语 3._______从句：一个从句充当主句的状语 练习：划出从句，并说明从句类型。 1. What he says is right. 2. That is where I disagree. 3. I don’t know where he comes from. 4. Word came that we had won the game. 5. A plane is a machine that can fly. 6. They were talking when the teacher came in. 判断下列句子是简单句，并列句还是复合句。 1．Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. 2．But he employs more men for the harvest. 3．My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. 4．It doesn’t often rain in the summer here. 5．As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. 6．Every evening we pump water from a well. 7．It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden. 8．This is where we met for the first time. 9．You’d better take an umbrella，for it is going to rain. 10．We found the classroom full of cheerful students and teachers. 11．We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 12．The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 13．He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 14．He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 15．Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 16．What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 17．The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 18．Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 20．There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? 21．The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. 22．He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$