Unit 3 Same or Different 核心知识点精讲精练 1(Section A)-2024-2025学年八年级英语上册教材核心知识全解（人教版2024）

Unit 3 Same or Different？核心知识点精讲精练 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、重难句型等核心知识点。 · Section A部分包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空等)与技能提升综合练习(听力、阅读理解、完形填空，语篇填空等)。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. compare with 与...比较 2. different from 与...不同 3. each other 相互，彼此 4. encourage sb. to do... 鼓励某人做某事 5. be afraid of 害怕... 6. solve the problem 解决问题 7. play the Chinese flute 吹奏中国笛子 8. win the first prize 获得第一名 9. take part in 参加 10. Congratulations (on …)! (对……表示)祝贺！ 11. attend the festival 参加节日 12. a little 有点儿，稍微 13. as...as... 像...一样... 14. spare time 空闲时间 15. in many ways 在很多方面 16. Our pleasure! 我们的荣幸(不用谢)！ 17. thanks for doing... 感谢做某事；因做某事而感谢 18. have sth. in common 有共同之处 19. average rainfall per year 年平均降雨量 20. a pleasant temperature 宜人的气温 2、 重点词汇解析(单词前标*为初中新学词汇) 1. *compare /kəm'peə(r)/v.比较；对比 [词汇拓展] comparison(n.)比较，对比；comparative(adj.)比较的；比较而言的 [词汇搭配] compare...and/with...将...同...作比较；compare...to...把...比作... without compare无与伦比，举世无双 [词汇例句] We compared the two reports carefully. 我们仔细地比较了两个报告。 The writer compares the sky to a library.作者把天空比做成一个图书馆。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Compare your answers ________ those at the back of the book to see if they are right. A．with B．for C．to D．by 【答案】A 【详解】句意：将你的答案与书后那些答案比较，以查看它们是否正确。 考查介词用法。with和；for为了；to到；by靠。compare…with…表示“将……与……进行比较”，所以应选择介词with。故选A。 2. *shy /ʃaɪ/adj.害羞的；害怕（做）；对（做）…心怀顾忌 [词汇拓展] <比较级>shyer；<最高级>shyest；<反>outgoing外向的 shyly(adv.)害羞地；shyness(n.)害羞 [词汇搭配] a shy girl一个害羞的女孩；a shy smile腼腆的微笑 be shy of/about (doing) sth.害怕（做）；对（做）…心怀顾忌 [词汇例句] Shy people are always afraid of talking with others.害羞的人总是害怕和别人说话。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Peter is ________ to express his own opinions in front of others. —I think he should believe in himself and be more confident. A．brave enough B．shy enough C．too brave D．too shy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Peter太害羞了，以至于他不敢在别人面前表达自己的观点。——我认为他应该相信自己，更加自信。 考查副词和形容词。brave enough足够勇敢；shy enough足够害羞；too brave太勇敢；too shy太害羞。根据“I think he should believe in himself and be more confident.”和选项可知，此处是指Peter太害羞了，不敢在别人面前表达自己的观点，too ... to do sth.“太……以至于不能做某事”。故选D。 3. *lazy /'leɪzi/adj.懒惰的；懒洋洋的 [词汇拓展] <比较级>lazier；<最高级>laziest；<反>hard-working勤奋的 lazily(adv.)懒惰地;laziness(n.)懒惰 [词汇搭配] a lazy man懒汉 [词汇例句] We spent a lazy day on the beach.我们在海滩上懒洋洋地度过了一天。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Do I have to wash my socks now, Mom? —Yes, Jack. Don’t be a ______ boy. A．shy B．lazy C．funny D．quiet 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我现在必须洗袜子吗，妈妈？——是的，杰克。不要做个懒惰的小孩。 考查形容词。A. shy害羞的    B. lazy懒惰的    C. funny滑稽的    D. quiet安静的。根据Do I have to wash my socks now可知，这里是干活，所以是不要懒惰，故选B。 4. *loud /laʊd/ adv. 响亮地 adj. 大声的 [词汇拓展] <比较级>louder；<最高级>loudest；<反>quiet(adj.)安静的 loudly(adv.)大声地；aloud(adv.)大声地loudness(n.)喧闹声；响度 [词汇搭配] sing louder唱得更响亮；loud and clear清楚明白 [词汇辨析] loud / loudly / aloud · loud表示“大声的”，loudly为loud的副词，表示“大声地”，有喧闹的含义。 We heard loud laughter. 我们听到了响亮的笑声。 They laughed loudly. 他们大声地笑。 · loud也可用作副词，表示“响亮地”，常用于loud enough，as loud as等短语中，或与too，very，so等连用。 The boy shouted as loud as he could. 小男孩声嘶力竭地大喊着。 · aloud用作副词，表示“出声地，大声地”。 Please read aloud. 请大声朗读。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 He was reading a story ________ to his little son when suddenly there was a ________ noise outside the window. A．aloud；loud B．aloud；aloud C．loudly；loud D．loudly；aloud 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他正在大声朗读故事给小儿子听，突然窗外传来很嘈杂的声音。 考查形容词、副词辨析。aloud大声地，副词，常与read、speak等动词连用；loud响亮的，作形容词时可用作定语或表语；loudly大声地，副词，多含有“喧闹”的意味。第一空应填副词修饰谓语结构“was reading”，故应填aloud ，C、D选项可排除。第二空应填形容词作定语，修饰名词“noise”，故应填loud。故选A。 5. *outgoing /ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的 [词汇拓展] <比较级> more outgoing；<最高级>most outgoing <反>shy(adj.)害羞的；easy-going(adj.)随和的；心平气和的 [词汇搭配] an outgoing personality外向的性格 [词汇例句] Her sister is outgoing, while she isn’t. 她姐姐很外向，而她不是。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Jim is ________ than I am. Everybody likes him. A．serious B．more serious C．outgoing D．more outgoing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉姆比我外向。每个人都喜欢他。 考查形容词辨析和比较级。serious严肃的；more serious更严肃的；outgoing外向的；more outgoing更外向的。根据“Everybody likes him.”可知，吉姆很外向，又根据than可知，此处应用比较级，故选D。 6. *hard-working /ˈhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 勤奋的 [词汇拓展] <比较级>more hard-working；<最高级>most hard-working； <反>lazy(adj.)懒惰的；hard(adj.)硬的；困难的；勤劳的；(adv.)努力地；猛烈地 [词汇搭配] a hard-working man 一个勤奋的人 [词汇例句] His brother is hard-working. 他哥哥很勤奋 [随学随练] 单项填空。 In our eyes, Linda is ________ outgoing girl ________ a pair of glasses. A．a; with B．an; of C．an; with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我们眼中，琳达是一个戴着眼镜的外向女孩。 考查冠词和介词辨析。with带有；of……的。outgoing以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an；根据“a pair of glasses”可知是戴着眼镜，用介词with。故选C。 7. *perform /pəˈfɔːm/ v. 表演；执行；表现，工作，运转(好/不好)； [词汇拓展] performance(n.)表现；表现；执行；performer(n.)表演者 [词汇搭配] perform an experiment做实验；perform on the flute吹奏长笛 perform well/ badly 表现得好/不好 [词汇例句] I'm looking forward to seeing you perform.我期待着看你演出。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Gina is an intelligent girl. She could ________ Beijing Opera(京剧) when she was five years old. A．speak B．perform C．talk D．reflect 【答案】B 【详解】解析：句意：吉娜是一个聪明的女孩，在她五岁的时候她就能表演京剧了。 考查动词辨析。A. speak说，B. perform表演，C. talk讲，D. reflect反应。根据题意，应该是表演京剧，故选B。 8. *solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决；解答 [词汇拓展] solution(n.)解决方式；solver(n.)(问题的)解决者 [词汇搭配] solve the problem解决问题 [词汇例句] We’ll try out best to solve the problem.我么将会尽最大的努力解决这个问题。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 It's best not to run away from our problems．We should always try to ________ them． A．solve B．take C．get 【答案】A 【详解】句意：最好不要逃避我们的问题．我们应该总是试着解决它们。solve解决；take拿走；get得到。根据第一句It's best not to run away from our problems可知，此处为我们应该总是试着解决它们。故选A。 9. *congratulation /ˌkɒnɡrætʃuˈleɪʃn/ n. 祝贺；恭喜 [词汇拓展] congratulate(v.)祝贺，恭喜 [词汇搭配] Congratulations (on …)! (对……表示)祝贺！ [词汇例句] [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —I passed my driving test yesterday. —Did you? ________ A．Forget it! B．Congratulations! C．Thanks. D．Don't worry. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——昨天我通过了驾照考试。——真的吗？恭喜！A. Forget it!忘了它；B. Congratulations!恭喜你；C. Thanks.谢谢；D. Don't worry. 不要担心。根据 "I passed my driving test yesterday" 可知，此处应对别人的好消息表示祝贺。只有 B 符合语境，故答案为B。 (2) —Congratulations on your graduation, Paul! I’m so proud of you. —________ I couldn’t have done it without your support. A．Take it easy. B．Thanks a lot. C．It doesn’t matter. D．It’s up to you. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——恭喜你毕业，保罗！我为你感到骄傲。——非常感谢。没有你的支持，我不可能做到。 考查交际用语。Take it easy别紧张，放松点（用于安慰他人）；Thanks a lot多谢（用于回应祝福或帮助）；It doesn’t matter没关系（用于回应道歉或表示不在意）；It’s up to you由你决定（用于让对方做选择）。根据“Congratulations on your graduation”可知，对方在表达祝贺，此时应礼貌回应感谢。“Thanks a lot.”符合回应祝福的场景，且后句“I couldn’t have done it without your support”进一步强调对对方帮助的感激。故选B。 10. *prize /praɪz/ n. 奖，奖励，奖金，奖品；v. 珍视，高度重视 [词汇搭配] win the first prize获得第一名 [词汇例句] Sera won the second prize in the singing competition. 莎拉在歌唱比赛中获得第二名。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 They were happy to know that they ________ the first ________ last week. A．wins; price B．won; prize C．win; prize D．won; praise 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们很高兴得知他们上周得了一等奖。 考查时态和名词词义辨析。根据句中时间“last week”可知，此句时态为一般过去时态，动词win“赢得，获胜”应为过去式won。price 价格；prize 奖品，奖项；praise 表扬，赞美。first prize“一等奖”，固定短语。故选B。 11. *attend /əˈtend/ v. 参加，出席；经常去，上(学) [词汇拓展] attendance(n.)参加，出席；出席人数 [词汇搭配] attend to sb/sth处理；对付；照料；关怀；attend school上学 [词汇辨析] attend / join / join in / take part in · attend指“出席，参加”通常是正式的礼仪性的场合，如会议、婚礼、葬礼、报告会、讲座等。 They are going to attend the meeting tomorrow. 他们明天将出席会议。 · join指加入团体组织，成为其中的一员。后也可以接人，表示加入某人的行列，和某人一起做某事。 His brother joined the Party in 1999. 他哥哥1999年入党。 We’re playing soccer. Will you join us? 我们在踢球。你要加入吗？ · take part in指参加群众性活动，并在其中发挥作用。常用短语：take an active part in积极参加... David and Tom took part in the volunteer activity. 大卫和汤姆参加了志愿者活动。 · join in一般是参加小型的活动，一般可以与take part in互换使用。 May I join the game? 我可以加入游戏吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Would you like to ________ our discussion this Sunday? —Sorry, I have an important meeting to ________. A．attend; join B．take part in; attend C．join; take part in D．attend; attend 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你愿意参加我们这个星期天的讨论吗？——对不起，我有一个重要的会议要参加。 考查动词以及动词短语辨析。attend出席（某种会议）；join加入（某种组织并成为其中一员）；take part in参加（某种活动）。根据“our discussion”可知，第一空指参加“我们的讨论”，应填take part in。根据“meeting”可知，第二空表示出席会议，应填attend，故选B。 (2) Lucy _________ school on weekdays and _________ some sports activities on the weekend. A．joins in; joins B．attends; joins in C．joins in; attend D．attends; joins 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Lucy平日上学，周末参加一些体育活动。 考查几个“参加”的区别。attend指出席或参加正式的活动或场合，如上学、会议等；join多指加入某个党派，团体组织等，成为其中的一员；join in指参加小规模的某些活动，如球赛、游戏等。根据题意可知，“Lucy平日上学”，应用动词attend；“周末参加体育活动”，应用join in。根据语境可知，本句时态为一般现在时且主语Lucy为第三人称单数，故attend及join in应为attends、joins in。故选B。 12. *besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep. 除……之外（还） adv. 而且 [词汇用法] · besides可以用作介词，表示“除...之外(还)”，后接名词或动词-ing形式。 Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.除了当医生之外，他在业余时间 还写小说。 · besides也可以用作副词，表示“而且”，主要用于提出另一理由或论据。 I don't really want to go. Besides, it's too late now. 我并不真的想去。况且现在太晚了。 [词汇辨析] besides / except / except for · besides用来引出除已经提到的事物之外的其他事物，包括besides后面所说的人或物。 Besides Matt, Tom and David also came to Judy’s party. 除了Matt，Tom和David也去了Judy的派 对。(去的人中包括Matt) · except表示“除...之外”，不包括except后所说的人或事物。 They all came except Matt.除Matt外他们都来了。(来的人中不包括Matt) · except for 用于引出使某说法不能完全成立的事物，对于句子整体部分表示肯定，仍有部分不应肯定。 Your passage is good except for some spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误，你的文章很好。 besides / beside · besides可以用作介词，表示“除...之外(还)”；也可以用作副词，表示“而且”。 · beside是介词，表示“在旁边”。 He sat beside her all night. 整个晚上他都坐在她的身边。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Is ________ here? —No, we are all here ________ Peter. A．anybody; except B．anybody; besides C．everybody; besides D．everybody; except 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——大家都到齐了吗？  ——不，除了彼得，我们都在这里。 考查不定代词及介词辨析。第一空，anybody任何人；everybody每个人。根据“No, we are all here...Peter.”可知此处询问的是每个人都到了吗，需使用everybody；第二空，except除了……之外，表示排除关系；besides除了……还有，表示增加关系，根据答语“No”，可知此处指除了彼得，我们都在这里。需使用介词except。故选D。 13. *spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的；备用的；闲置的 v. 抽出，拨出；放过，使逃脱；不吝惜（时间、金钱） [词汇拓展] <过去式>spared；<动词-ing> sparing [词汇搭配] spare time 空闲时间；a spare key备用钥匙；spare no effort to do不遗余力做某事 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) We've got a spare bedroom, if you'd like to stay. (adj.) 不用的；闲置的 (2) Take some spare clothes in case you get wet. (adj.) 备用的；外加的 (3) He's studying music in his spare time . (adj.) 空闲的；空余的 (4) I'd love to have a break, but I can't spare the time just now. (v.) 抽出；拨出 (5) But the effort couldn’t spare some neighboring communities from Ida’s terrible storm surge (风暴潮). (v.)放过；使逃脱 (6) He spared no effort to make her happy again. 不吝惜 (spare no effort to do 不遗余力做某事) [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) I'd love to have a break, but I can't ______ any time right now. A．spare B．wait C．save D．offer 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想要休息，但是现在我腾不出时间。考查动词辨析。A. spare分出；腾出 ；B. wait等待；C. save节约；拯救；D. offer提供。根据上文have a break 休息可知，应该是腾出时间。故选A。 (2) — I would like to book a room. — Sorry, sir. We don’t have ________ rooms. A．large B．strange C．spare D．good 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我想订一个房间。——对不起先生，我们没有多余的房间了。A. large大的；    B. strange 奇怪的；   C. spare多余的；    D. good好的；根据句意故选C。 14. *pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/ n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸 *pleasant /ˈpleznt/ adj. 宜人的，友好的 [词汇拓展] please (v.)使高兴；pleased(adj.)高兴的；pleasing(adj.)令人愉快的；使人满意的 unpleasant(adj.)令人不快的；不和蔼的，不礼貌的 [词汇搭配] My pleasure /It’s a pleasure.（对别人表示感谢的一种礼貌回答）不客气，很乐意效劳 with pleasure（客气地接受或同意）当然了，很愿意 [词汇用法] · pleasure泛指“愉快，快乐”，用作不可数名词。 Listening to music brings me much pleasure. 听音乐给我带来很多快乐。 · pleasure特指“愉快的事，乐事”，用作可数名词。 It’s a great pleasure to talk with you. 和你聊天是件快乐的事。 · pleasant表示“令人感到高兴的”，可译为“宜人的，令人愉快的；友好的，和善的”，含义与pleasing基本相同。 pleasant weather 宜人的天气 a pleasant girl彬彬有礼的小女孩 a pleasing design 令人满意的设计 · pleased表示“感到高兴的”，常用搭配：sb. be pleased with...某人对...感到高兴；sb. be pleased to do某人高兴做某事 She was very pleased with her exam results. 她对考试成绩非常满意。 [词汇例句] [随学随练] 用please适当形式填空。 (1) I did it to please my parents. (2) It gives me great pleasure to introduce our guest speaker. (3) She was very pleased with her exam results. (4) They lives in a pleasant /pleasing place. [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) They hope people will live a ________ life than before. A．more pleased B．most pleasant C．more pleasant D．much pleasant 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们希望人们过上比以前更愉快的生活。 考查形容词。pleased高兴的，描述人的感受；pleasant愉快的，修饰事物。根据“...life than”可知，此处用比较级，修饰life，用more pleasant，故选C。 (2) Look! What a ________ face the little girl is showing to her mother after receiving the ________ gift! A．pleased, pleased B．pleasant, pleasant C．pleased, pleasant D．pleasant, pleased 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！收到令人满意的礼物后，小女孩向妈妈展示了多么愉悦的表情啊！ 考查形容词辨析。pleased感到高兴的，用于描述人的情绪；pleasant令人愉快的，用于描述事物或人带来的感觉。根据句意，第一个空修饰face应用pleased，第二个空修饰gift应用pleasant。故选C。 (3) —I always ______ when I has finished all my work. —So do I. It’s such a relief and makes all the effort worth it. A．look pleasant B．feel pleased C．sound pleasure D．feel pleasantly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——当我完成所有工作时，我总是感到高兴。——我也是。这真是一种解脱，让所有的努力都值得。 考查动词短语辨析。look pleasant看起来愉快（主语通常为物）；feel pleased感到高兴（主语为人）；sound pleasure表达错误（pleasure为名词，不能作表语）；feel pleasantly表达错误，副词不能作表语。根据句意和语法规则，表示“感到高兴”应选用“feel pleased”。故选B。 15. *appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ n. 外表；露面 [词汇拓展] appear(v.)出现，显现；显得，似乎；disappear(v.)消失；disappearance(n.)消失 [词汇例句] The singer's first public appearance was at the age of eight.这位歌手八岁时初次登台演出。 Don’t judge a person by its appearance. 不要以貌取人。 16. *personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格；品质 [词汇拓展] person(n.)人；personal(adj.)个人的；personally(adv.)就个人意见；本人 [词汇搭配] a strong personality很强的个性；a kind, friendly personality善良友好的个性 [词汇例句] His sister has an outgoing personality. 她妹妹个性外向。 17. *serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严肃的；严重的；认真的，当真的；需要认真思考的 [词汇拓展] seriously (adv.) 严肃地；认真地；说正经的；seriousness(n.)严重；严肃；认真 [词汇搭配] have a serious disease 有严重的疾病；be serious about 对...认真的 [词汇例句] Is she serious about wanting to sell the house? 她真想把房子卖掉吗？ I'm afraid I'm not a very serious person. 恐怕我不是一个非常严肃的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Are you serious ________ going out today? A．with B．to C．at D．about 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你今天真的打算出去吗？ 考查介词辨析。with和……一起；to向，朝着；at在（某处、某时间或时刻）；about关于。“be serious about”是固定搭配，意为“认真对待；当真”。故选D。 (2) —Be ______. This is an important meeting. —I’m sorry. A．strict B．serious C．slow D．smart 【答案】B 【详解】句意“-严肃点，这是一个重要的会议。-对不起”。A.严格的；B.严肃的；C.慢的；D.聪明的。根据句意可知，会议很重要，要严肃对待，故选B。 (3) —I’m going to a party on Thursday night at Jimmy’s house —________. You will have two tests at school on Friday. A．It’s nice to say so B．That’s exciting C．Enjoy oneself D．You can’t be serious 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——在Jimmy的家里我打算在周四晚上参加聚会。——你一定是在开玩笑。A. It’s nice to say so你太好了说这个；B. That’s exciting那是令人兴奋的；C. Enjoy oneself玩得开心；D. You can’t be serious你在开玩笑。根据题意，故选D。 18. *strength /streŋθ/ n. 优势；力量 [词汇拓展] strong (adj.)强壮的；weakness(n.)虚弱；劣势；advantage(n.)优点；disadvantage(n.)缺点 [词汇搭配] the strengths and weaknesses优点与缺点 [词汇例句] He pushed against the rock with all his strength. 他用全力推那块石头。 19. *fact /fækt/ n. 事实；现实 [词汇拓展] factual(adj.)根据事实的；事实的 [词汇搭配] in fact 事实上，确切地说；as a matter of fact 事实上，说真的；恰恰相反 Is that a fact ? (回答认为有趣、惊奇或不相信的说法)真的吗？不会吧！ [词汇例句] The fact is that they didn’t come. 事实是他们没有来。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 She looks like a teacher. ________, she is a nurse. A．No matter B．As a matter of fact C．As a result 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她看起来像老师，实际上，她是一名护士。 考查短语辨析。No matter无论；As a matter of fact事实上；As a result结果。根据句意可知，这里用于转折强调真相。故选B。 20. *slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的；薄的；v. (靠节食等)变苗条，减肥 [词汇拓展] slimmer(n.)减肥者；slimming(n.)减肥，减轻体重 [词汇搭配] a slim body苗条的身材 slim down （靠节食等）变苗条，减肥；精简（机构），裁减（人员） [词汇例句] She was tall and slim.她是个瘦高个儿。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Why do you like wearing dark-colored clothes? —Because these colors make me ________. A．look fat B．look slim C．to look slim D．to look fat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为什么喜欢穿深色的衣服？——因为这些颜色让我看起来很苗条。 考查非谓语动词以及形容词辨析。fat胖的；slim苗条的。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾补。根据“Why do you like wearing dark-colored clothes”及常识可知，穿深色的衣服让人看起来很苗条，故选B。 21. *population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 人口；（某一国家或地区某类人或动物的）总数 [词汇拓展] populate(v.)居住于；生活于；构成…的人口 [词汇搭配] countries with ageing populations人口老龄化的国家 have a population of 100 million 有1亿人口 [词汇例句] Muslims make up 55% of the population. 穆斯林占人口的55%。 What’s the population of the USA? 美国有多少人口？ [随学随练] 单项填空。 —________ the population of Gaotai? —About 130,000. A．How many is B．How many are C．What is D．What are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——高台县的人口是多少？——大约13万。 考查特殊疑问句。询问人口数量时，用“What is the population of…?”句型，population为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数is。故选C。 22. *km (= kilometre /ˈkɪləʊmiːtə(r); kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r)/; kilometer) 千米；公里 [词汇拓展] mm (= millimetre /ˈmɪlɪmiːtə(r); ˈmɪlɪmiːtə(r)/; millimeter) 毫米 ；centimeter厘米 [词汇搭配] twenty kilometers 二十千米；thirty square kilometers 三十平方千米 [词汇例句] It’s about ten kilometres away from the school. 离学校大约10千米。 23. *average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj. 平均的；平常的，普通的；n.平均数；平均水平 [词汇搭配] average rainfall per year 年平均降雨量；average January temperature一月平均气温 an average price平均价格；above/below average高于/低于平均水平 [词汇例句] Temperatures are below average for the time of year. 温度低于此时的年平均温度。 24. slow/slow/ adj.慢的，迟钝的；v.(使)慢下来;(使)放慢速度 [词汇拓展] slowly(adv.) 慢地；quick/fast(adj.)快的；quickly/fast(adv.)快地 [词汇搭配] a slow driver开车慢的人；slow down减速 [词汇例句] He is a slow reader. 他是个阅读速度慢的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Why are you late again? — I got up ________, but I had a ________ breakfast. A．late; slow B．lately; fast C．early; fast D．early; slow 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你怎么又迟到了？——我起得很早，但早餐吃得很慢。 考查形容词、副词辨析。late晚的（形容词）；晚（副词）； slow慢的（形容词）；lately近来，不久前（副词）；fast快速的（形容词），迅速地（副词）；early早期的（形容词）， 早（副词）；fast快速的（形容词）， 迅速地（副词）；early早期的（形容词），早（副词）。根据句中”but” 可知，前后句意之间存在转折关系，A、C不合句意；结合选项及语境，第一空应为副词”早”修饰动词词组got up，第二空应为形容词”慢”作定语。故选D。 3、 重难句型解析 1. 作比较的句型 (1) 用“形容词或副词比较级+than...”表示“比...更...” (教材原文)She is taller than Emma. 他比Emma高。 (教材原文)Ella dances better than Emma, but Emma sings louder than her. Ella比Emma跳舞跳得更好，但 Emma唱得比她更大声。 (2) 用“as+形容词或副词原级+as...”，表示“和...一样...” (教材原文)I work as hard as her. 我和她工作一样努力。 2. How be+主语+different? ...有什么不同？ (教材原文)How is this year different? 今年有什么不同？ (教材原文)How are you different? ? 你有什么不同？ 4、 其他重要知识点讲解 1. by表方式 (教材原文)They solve the problem by playing the Chinese flute together. 他们一起吹长笛解决了这个问题。 by后常接动词-ing形式，表示通过某种方式。 He learnt English by watching English movies. 他通过看英语电影学习英语。 2. a little 用法 I’m a little quieter than Ella. (1) 此句中a little用作副词，修饰后面的形容词比较级，表示“一点儿，稍微”。 Diana started to feel a little better. 戴安娜开始感觉好些了。 (2) a little还可以用作形容词，意为“一些”，表示肯定含义，后接不可数名词，也可用作代词，代替不可数名词。 We have a little water left. 我们还剩一些水。 If you have any spare milk, could you give me a little?你要是有多余的牛奶，给我一些好吗？ 3. have sth. in common 用法 (教材原文)What do Emma and Ella have in common? Emma和Ella有什么共同点？ have...in common表示“有...共同之处”。have something in common表示“有一些共同之处”，have nothing in common表示“没有共同之处”，have little in common表示“几乎没有共同之处”。 5、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) You can compare(比较) your notes with your classmates'. (2) Allan is shy(害羞的) and she is afraid of(害怕) speaking in front of the class. (3) Rose is lazy(懒惰的)，while her sister is hard-working(勤奋的). (4) She has an outgoing personality (外向的个性)and makes friends easily. (5) You might have seen sugar artists perform (表演) on the streets.  (6) Congratulations on (对...表示祝贺)winning the gold medal in the sports competition! (7) Sally won the first prize(获得第一名) in the dancing competition last week. (8) We will attend(参加) the tea festival in our town to learn more about tea culture. (9) In his spare time(在他的空闲时间), he was always planting trees. (10) It’s really a pleasure(乐事) to spend our holiday at such a pleasant(领人愉快的) place. (11) I wonder how Tom and Nick became good friends because they have nothing in common(没有共同之处). (12) Air pollution has become more serious(更加严重的) than ever before. (13) He used all his strength(力量) to raise the tree back up again. (14) In fact (事实上), some people don’t like to play sports.  (15) She is slim(苗条的) and the long dress fits her perfectly. (16) The population (人口)is growing fast. There will be more and more people in the world. (17) On average (平均), everyone there walks 5,941 steps every day. (18) What’s more, the culture here is quite different from(与...不同) that in other places. 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) We always make comparisons (compare) with others and feel sad. (2) She congratulated him on the birth of his son. (3) In Japan, people are usually shyer(shy) and quieter than people in Western countries.  (4) Some students might sit lazily(lazy) in their seats, not look at the teacher’s eyes and keep their hands down. (5) My best friend John is more popular than me. (6) I will also help classmates improve their sports performance(perform) and make everyone enjoy the fun of sports. (7) He runs as quickly(quick) as his brother. (8) China is much bigger than the US in area. (9) We shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance (appear). (10) But don’t take the number too seriously(serious). (11) It encourages people to stay (stay) brave when facing difficulties, fight for what is right, and value friendship. (12) These traditional diets all share one thing in common—they include all kinds of natural foods. (13) —How do you study for a test, Eric? —I study by working(work) with a group. (14) Helping others is just as exciting (excite) as getting help from others. 3. 单项填空。 (1) —Excuse me, could you please close the window for me? —________. A．Not at all B．My pleasure C．With pleasure D．Don’t mention it 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能帮我关上窗户吗？——很高兴。 考查情景交际。Not at all一点也不；My pleasure不客气；With pleasure很高兴；Don’t mention it别提了。根据“Excuse me, could you please close the window for me?”可知，此处指愿意帮助对方，所以C项符合。故选C。 (2) —Is Shirley a good student? —Of course. She is________to pass all her exams. A．hard-working enough B．enough hard-working C．lazy enough D．enough lazy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：-----雪莉是个好学生吗？-----当然。她足够用功，通过了所有的考试。短语（形容词或副词+）enough to do sth.：足够…以至于…；可以排除B和D；A. hard-working enough：足够勤奋，足够刻苦，足够用功；C. lazy enough：足够懒。结合句意和选项可知选A。 (3) Does he study ________ working ________ his friends? A．in; by B．on; with C．by; with D．by; on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他是通过和朋友们一起工作来学习的吗？ 考查介词。in在……里；on在……上；by凭借，通过；with和。根据语境“Does he study...working...his friends?”可知，“和”朋友们“通过”工作一起学习吗？“with his friends”译为“和朋友们”，“by doing”译为“通过做某事”。故选C。 (4) —Did you study any other language ________ English when you were at college? —Yes, I also studied French there. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each. A．besides; besides B．but; except C．except; except D．besides; except 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——当你上大学时，除了英语，你还学过其它任何语言吗？——是的，我还学了法语。但是，每种语言除了几个单词外，我已经全都忘了。 考查介词辨析。besides除……之外（还有），包括其后的宾语在内；except除……之外，不包括在内，语气更强；but除了……（不再有）。根据“any other language”可知提问者问对方学了哪些语言，英语属于语言，包括在内，所以第一空填besides；而回答者说把学过的都忘了，只记住几个单词，这几个单词不在遗忘的范围内，所以第二空填except。故选D。 (5) The population of China is much ________ than that of any other country in the world. A．more B．bigger C．fewer D．smaller 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家都要多得多。 考查形容词辨析。more更多的；bigger更大的；fewer更少的，修饰复数可数名词；smaller更小的。根据“The population of China is much …than that of any other country in the world.”的语境及常识可知，中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家都多，描述“人口多”通常使用large/big，B项符合。故选B。 (6) —________ is your new house different ________ your old one? —Well, my new house is very big. My old house is small. A．What; to B．How; like C．Why; for D．How; from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你的新房子和旧房子有什么不同？——嗯，我的新房子很大。我的老房子很小。 考查特殊疑问词和固定搭配。what什么；how怎么样；why为什么。to到；like像；for关于；from来自。根据“my new house is very big. My old house is small.”可知，这里在说新旧房子的不同，be different from“和……不同”。故选D。 (7) —What fluent English you speak! ________ can I improve my spoken English? —________ listening to VOA Special English every day. A．How; By B．What; By C．How; With D．What; with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你英语说得真流利！我怎样才能提高我的英语口语呢？——通过每天听VOA特别英语。 考查疑问句和介词。how怎么；what什么；by通过；with和，有。根据“listening to VOA Special English every day”可知，这里在提问如何提高口语，用how“怎么”，对于方式的提问，一般用by“通过”进行回答。故选A。 (8) Dear friends, it’s time for English! If you ________ the exam ________, you’ll get good grades. A．take ... seriously B．keep ... to yourself C．have ... in common 【答案】A 【详解】句意：亲爱的朋友们，英语考试时间到了！如果你认真对待这次考试，你会取得好成绩的。 考查动词短语。take...seriously认真对待……；keep...to yourself保守……的秘密；have...in common有……共同之处。根据空后的“you’ll get good grades”可知，此处指认真对待这次考试。故选A。 (9) I thought the math exam would be difficult, but _______, it was much easier than I expected. A．in fact B．in total C．as usual D．after all 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我本以为这次数学考试会很难，但实际上，它比我预期的要容易的多。 考查介词短语辨析。in fact事实上，实际上；in total总共，总计；as usual像往常一样；after all毕竟。根据“I thought the math exam would be difficult”和“it was much easier than I expected.”可知， 此处表示“原以为考试难，实际却容易”，强调实际情况与之前的想法或预期不同，in fact符合语境，故选A。 (10) —Did you watch the CCTV Spring Festival Evening Gala? —Certainly. That night the sky was as ________ as that in the day. A．bright B．brightly C．brighter D．more brightly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看中央电视台的春节联欢晚会了吗？——当然。那天晚上，天空和白天一样明亮。 考查形容词原级比较。as…as为原级比较，中间接形容词或副词的原级，根据空前的be动词was可知，应用形容词。故选A。 6、 技能提升综合练习 1. 听力选择 听对话，完成问题。 (1)What does Linda look like? A．She has long straight hair. B．She wears a pair of glasses. C．She is taller than Lucy. (2)What clothes do Linda look like? A．Dresses. B．Sweaters. C．Uniforms. 【答案】（1）A （2）C 【原文】W: Roy, do you know Linda and Lucy? M: I don’t know. What do they look like? W: Linda is shorter than Lucy and has long straight hair. Lucy wears a pair of glasses. M: What colors are their clothes? W: Both of them wear school uniforms in blue and white. 你将听到一篇短文，请根据短文内容，选出每个问题的最佳答案。短文读两遍。 (3)How old is Ben? A．13. B．14. C．17. (4)What is Ben’s brother like? A．Thin and wild. B．Strong and tall. C．Thin and calm. (5)Who is more outgoing? A．Ben. B．Ben’s brother. C．Ben’s parents. (6)What do the brothers have in common? A．They both like pop music. B．They are both friendly. C．They are both funny. (7)Which is RIGHT? A．Ben’s brother is heavier than Ben. B．Ben is wilder. C．Ben’s hobby is reading. 【答案】(3)B (4)C (5)A (6)B (7)B 【原文】 Hello, everyone. I’m Ben. This is a photo of my brother. He is 17. He is three years older than me. We are different and in some ways we are opposite. He is thin and calm. Although I’m shorter, I am heavier. I’m more outgoing and wilder than he is. We have different hobbies. He enjoys doing some reading at home when free, but I always go out and play football. However, we still have something in common. We go to the same school and we are friendly to others. That’s all, Thanks. 听独白，回答以下各小题。 (8)Where is Marseille? A．In the east of France. B．In the north of France. C．In the south of France. (9)Why does Lucy love autumn in Marseille? A．Because of the cool weather. B．Because of the yellow leaves. C．Because of the slow change of colours. (10)How’s the weather in Marseille in October? A．It’s colder than usual. B．It’s hotter than usual. C．It’s warmer than usual. (11)What does Lucy love doing to warm up? A．Running. B．Dancing. C．Walking. 【答案】(8)C (9)C (10)A (11)A 【原文】(W:) Dear Andy, How’s it going? I’ve stayed in Marseille for about a year, which is in the south of France. It’s a beautiful city, especially in autumn. I love autumn here because I love the slow change of colours, from green to orange to red to brown during the months of the season. Whether a park, a street or your garden, autumn makes everywhere look like a postcard! In September, October and November, the weather is colder than usual. I love running around outside to warm up. These months are the last chance to spend a lot of time outside before winter comes, so I try to make the most of it. Yours, Lucy 2. 补全对话 根据对话内容，从下面选出恰当的句子补全对话，并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑，其中有两项是多余的。 A: Mary, do you know Lisa? B: Yes, she is my best friend. We study in the same school. A: 1 B: She has long straight hair. She is tall and thin. A: 2 B: No, she isn’t. In fact, I’m taller than her. A: 3 B: Yes, she does. She likes all kinds of sports and her favorite sport is swimming. A: 4 B: I’m more outgoing than Lisa. A: Who is more hard-working? B: She is not as hard-working as me. But she is smarter and always gets better grades. A: Can you introduce (介绍) her to me? 5 B: OK. I think you can become good friends. A．I want to make friends with her. B．What does she look like? C．Who is more outgoing? D．Why do you like her? E．Is she taller than you? F．She likes sports, doesn’t she? G．How old is she? 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．F 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文是一则对话，Mary和A进行对话，A通过询问Lisa的外貌、身高、性格等，来更好地认识她。最后，A希望能够由Mary介绍与Lisa认识。 1．根据“She has long straight hair. She is tall and thin.”可知，询问Lisa的外貌，选项B“她长什么样子？”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“ No, she isn’t. In fact, I’m taller than her.”可知，Mary在回答关于Lisa的身高问题，选项E“她比你高吗？”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据“Yes, she does. She likes all kinds of sports and her favorite sport is swimming.”可知，Mary在回答关于Lisa是否喜欢运动的问题，选项F“她喜欢运动，对吗？”符合语境。故选F。 4． 根据“I’m more outgoing than Lisa.”可知，Mary在比较谁更外向，选项C“谁更外向？”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据“Can you introduce (介绍) her to me?”和“OK. I think you can become good friends.”可知，最后一句应该与介绍交友的愿望相关，选项A“我想和她交朋友。”符合语境。故选A。 3. 语篇填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。 My good friend Laura is my cousin. She is one year older than me. I’m fourteen years old, so she is fifteen now. She lives in Bristol. She is more hard-working than me and she usually gets 1 (good) grades in the tests. We both like reading 2 swimming. Though we have the same hobby, we have some 3 (different). For example, she is more outgoing and likes telling jokes. She is 4 (talent) in singing. She practices singing every day. She often sings in shows and I watch her sing many 5 (time). We talk about everything together and always share our 6 (happy) and sadness with each other. My favorite 7 (say) is “A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart”. Laura is a friend 8 this. Laura is very busy because she also 9 (study) photography (摄影) in her free time. She takes a lot of wonderful photos. Last year, she 10 (win) the first prize in the city photo competition. I am lucky that I have so good a friend. 【答案】 1．better 2．and 3．differences 4．talented 5．times 6．happiness 7．saying 8．like 9．studies 10．won 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍作者的好朋友Laura，两人有一些共同点，也有许多不同之处，但是这丝毫不影响两人的友谊。 1．句意：她比我更勤奋，而且她通常在考试中取得更好的成绩。根据空前的“She is more hard-working than me”可知，她比我更勤奋，所以，她的成绩也会比我更好。good“好的”，比较级是better。故填better。 2．句意：我们都喜欢读书和游泳。根据题意可知，and连接两个并列成分，即reading和swimming。故填and。 3．句意：虽然我们有相同的爱好，但我们有一些不同之处。根据空前的“Though”可知，此处句意发生了转折让步，表示我们有一些不同之处，此处应把形容词different变成名词difference“不同点”；且空前的“some”后接复数形式，即differences。故填differences。 4．句意：她在唱歌方面很有天赋。根据题意可知，be talented in…“在……方面有天赋”，固定词组，此处应用talent的形容词talented。故填talented。 5．句意：她经常在节目中唱歌，我看她唱歌很多次。根据空前的“She often sings in shows”可知，她经常在节目中唱歌，我看她唱歌很多次，many后接名词复数，名词time“次数”的复数是times。故填times。 6．句意：我们一起谈论每一件事，总是互相分享我们的快乐和悲伤。根据题意可知，形容词性物主代词our后接名词，所以，happy的名词是happiness，且不可数。故填happiness。 7．句意：我最喜爱的谚语：“真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人”。根据空后的“A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart”可知，这是一句谚语，say的名词形式saying“谚语”符合题意，且谓语is为单数形式，所以此处应用名词的单数形式。故填saying。 8．句意：Laura就是一个这样的朋友。根据题意可知，like“像”，介词，“like this像这样的人”指的是上句谚语中提到的“真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人”，所以，“like像”符合题意。故填like。 920．句意：Laura很忙，因为她在空闲时间也学习摄影。根据“Laura is very busy because she also…photography in her free time.”可知，此处指她在空闲时间也学习摄影，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数的“she”，所以此处应用动词的三单形式，即studies。故填studies。 10．句意：去年，她在全市摄影比赛中获得了一等奖。根据“Last year”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，此处应用动词的过去式形式，win的过去式是won。故填won。 4. 完形填空 I was born in a big family. My elder brother, Eddie and I looked much the same because our 1 were the perfect combination (结合) of our Mom’s and Dad’s. However, I did feel 2 . My eldest brother, Tony was humorous. He could tell a funny story that kept you 3 all the time. And Eddie was 4 . He was good at football and often entered competitions. His gift helped him be a good football coach. However, I was quiet and not so outgoing as my 5 . I just wanted to learn everything so I spent more time 6 . I was usually left behind for I was much younger than the two boys. For most of the time, I played alone. But I was not so 7 as you thought. My imagination was a great friend and in a way I liked the loneliness. Looking back now, I can see that although I was different, I enjoyed the difference instead of worrying about it. As a result, I became the person I wanted to be. My reading 8 me to start writing. It also helped me solve the biggest problems about love, kindness and happiness and find great pleasure. The 9 in my quiet life made it easy for me to work at home and take care of the family at the same time. We all have something 10 in our life. We only need to find it, to live it, and to love it. 1．A．hobbies B．ideas C．faces D．voices 2．A．angry B．different C．pleased D．excited 3．A．laughing B．waiting C．thinking D．worrying 4．A．warm B．active C．brave D．strict 5．A．friends B．classmates C．parents D．brothers 6．A．listening B．talking C．reading D．singing 7．A．lonely B．serious C．comfortable D．careful 8．A．wished B．asked C．led D．warned 9．A．pleasure B．job C．book D．problem 10．A．funny B．wrong C．boring D．special 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是作者通过自己的经历讲述每个人都各有不同，都应有自己的人生目标并为之奋斗。 1．句意：我哥哥Eddie和我长得很像，因为我们的脸是爸爸妈妈的完美结合。 hobbies爱好；ideas主意；faces脸；voices声音。根据“Eddie and I looked much the same”可知，作者和哥哥Eddie看起来长得像，由此推知此处指他们的脸是父母基因的完美结合。故选C。 2．句意：然而，我确实感觉不一样了。 angry生气的；different不同的；pleased满意的；excited兴奋的。根据“Eddie and I looked much the same”和However表示转折可知，虽然作者和哥哥的脸看起来相同，但他们是不同的个体。故选B。 3．句意：他会讲一个有趣的故事，让你一直笑个不停。 laughing笑；waiting等待；thinking思考；worrying担心。根据“Tony was humorous.”可知，他能讲一个有趣的故事，让你笑个不停。故选A。 4．句意：Eddie很活跃。 warm温暖的；active活跃的；brave勇敢的；strict严格的。根据“He was good at football and often entered competitions.”可推知，Eddie是一个很活跃的人。故选B。 5．句意：然而，我很安静，不像我的哥哥们那么外向。 friends朋友；classmates同学；parents父母；brothers兄弟。根据“However, I was quiet and not so outgoing as my”及上文可知，作者的性格不像他两个哥哥那样外向。故选D。 6．句意：我只是想学习所有的东西，所以我花了更多的时间阅读。 listening听；talking谈论；reading阅读；singing唱歌。根据下文“My reading ... me to start writing.”可知，作者花了很多时间在阅读上。故选C。 7．句意：但我并不像你想的那么孤独。 lonely孤独的；serious严肃的；comfortable舒服的；careful仔细的。根据“For most of the time, I played alone.”可知，作者通常一个人玩，可能被认为很孤独。故选A。 8．句意：我的阅读引导我开始写作。 wished希望；asked询问；led引导；warned警告。根据“My reading ... me to start writing.”可知，作者热爱阅读，他的阅读兴趣引导着他开始自己写作。故选C。 9．句意：我平静生活的乐趣使我可以轻松地在家里工作，同时照顾家人。 pleasure乐趣；job工作；book书；problem问题。根据上文“find great pleasure”可知，此处指乐趣。故选A。 10．句意：我们的生活中都有一些特别的东西。 funny滑稽的；wrong错误的；boring无聊的；special特别的。根据上文作者介绍自己与哥哥们的不同以及“We only need to find it, to live it, and to love it.”可知，我们的生活中总有些特别的点，我们需要做的是找到它，和它一起，并热爱它。故选D。 5. 七选五 根据短文内容，将文后选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺（每个选项只能用一次）。 A The Same But Different Maggie and Sarah are twin sisters. They were born just a few minutes apart, and they look exactly alike. They both have blonde hair and green eyes. 1 . Sometimes other students at school have a hard time telling them apart. Maggie and Sarah like going to the same school. This is because they are not just twin sisters, but best friends too. They have a lot in common. 2 . Both girls spend a lot of time together with their family, and they both like to play with their dog, Callie. 3 . Maggie likes to play sports. She is on a soccer team and a basketball team. Sarah doesn’t really like sports. She likes to dance. There are other differences between them too. 4 . Maggie likes to read mystery books, but Sarah likes to read books about animals. Maggie gets better grades in reading and Spanish, but Sarah gets better grades in math and science. Everyone is different in her or his own way. Maggie and Sarah like being different from each other as much as they like being similar. 5 . A．That is what makes them special B．They are around the same height as well C．But Maggie and Sarah are also very different D．Maggie likes the color red, but Sarah likes the color green E．Both girls enjoy a lot of the same television shows, books, and food 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲的是双胞胎姐妹的相同点和不同点。 1．根据“and they look exactly alike. They both have blonde hair and green eyes.”她们都有金色的头发和绿色的眼睛和下文“Sometimes other students at school have a hard time telling them apart.”有时其他学生很难将她们区别开。可知，选项B“她们的身高也差不多。”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据上文“They have a lot in common.”她们有许多共同之处。和下文“Both girls spend a lot of time together with their family, and they both like to play with their dog, Callie.”两个女孩都花很多时间和家人在起，可知，此处描述的她们共同的爱好。选项E“两个女孩都喜欢同样的电视节目、书籍和食物”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据下文“Maggie likes to play sports. Sarah doesn’t really like sports.”可知，本段写双胞胎的不同之处。选项C“但Maggie和Sarah也非常不同。”符合语境。故选C。 4．根据“There are other differences between them too.”可知，本段继续描写双胞胎的不同之处。选项D“Maggie喜欢红色，但Sarah喜欢绿色”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据“Maggie and Sarah like being different from each other as much as they like being similar.”Maggie和Sarah喜欢彼此不同，就像她们喜欢彼此相似一样。可知，她们的不同之处是使她们显得特别的地方。选项A“这就是她们的特别之处”。符合语境。故选A。 B Do you have any foreign friends? Do you know their characteristics (性格)? The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm.​ 1 ​They look very serious. The Germans are very hard-working. They like tidiness, especially the women, so they always keep their houses clean. 2 ​They are very quiet and never talk too much with the strangers. They are really polite, so we often hear they say “Thank you” or “Sorry”. The gentlemen are also the Englishmen. Holidays are very long in France. Frenchmen like travelling and usually spend their long time staying in other countries. 3 It is very easy to make friends with them. 4 And they are even opener than all of the Europeans. They don’t like to depend on others. 5 And in Americans’ eyes, success is an important part in their life. A．They don’t like to speak more words. B．They are more outgoing than the Germans. C．In some ways, the Englishmen look the same as the Germans. D．Compared to the Frenchmen, Americans are more outgoing. E．So it is very common that the students do part-time jobs in their free time. F．They may be talkative (话多的). G．But Europeans don’t seem to share the same habits. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了外国友人的性格特征。 1．根据前文“The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm.”可知，此处与德国人非常安静，他们总是保持冷静有关，A选项“他们不喜欢说更多的话。”符合语境。故选A。 2．根据后文“They are very quiet and never talk too much with the strangers. They are really polite, so we often hear they say “Thank you” or “Sorry”. The gentlemen are also the Englishmen.”可知，此处本段主要介绍了英国人的性格特征，C选项“在某些方面，英国人看起来和德国人一样。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据前文“Frenchmen like travelling and usually spend their long time staying in other countries.”和后文“It is very easy to make friends with them.”可知，此处应该与法国人的性格特点有关，B选项“他们比德国人更外向。”符合语境。故选B。 4．根据后文“And they are even opener than all of the Europeans. They don’t like to depend on others. … And in Americans’ eyes, success is an important part in their life.”可知，本段主要介绍了美国人的性格特征，D选项“与法国人相比，美国人更外向。”符合语境。故选D。 5．根据前文“They don’t like to depend on others.”可知，此处与独立有关，E选项“所以学生在课余时间做兼职是很常见的。”符合语境。故选E。 6. 阅读理解 A 1．The local time in Ottawa at this time was________ and the time difference between Ottawa and Beijing was ________. A．2:30 pm; 0 hours B．7:30 am: 7 hours C．2:30 am; 5 hours D．2:30 am;12 hours 2．On July lst, 2023, the highest temperature in London was ________ . A．12℃ B．17℃ C．22℃ D．28℃ 3．In the next two days, the weather in Washington, D．C． would be ________。 A．partly sunny and windy B．partly sunny and sunny C．mostly sunny and rainy D．mostly sunny and cloudy 4．The record high temperature in ________ and ________ appeared in 2018 A．London; Ottawa B．London; Beijing C．Beijing; Washington, D．C． D．Ottawa;Washington,D．C． 5．If we sort (排序) the cities in order of their average high temperature on July lst in history, which of the following is correct? A．Washington,D．C．>London>Ottawa>Beijing B．Washington,. D．C．>Beijing>London>Ottawa C．Beijing>Ottawa>Washington,D．C．>London D．Beijing>Washington,D．C．>Ottawa>London 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要描述了2023年夏季的炎热天气，并列举了北京、伦敦、华盛顿特区、渥太华在2023年7月1日2点30分（北京时间）的天气情况，包括当前天气、未来天气以及这些城市的最高温度和最低温度纪录。 1．细节理解题。根据图片内容可知，渥太华的当地时间是凌晨2:30，北京时间是下午2:30，所以渥太华与北京之间的时差是12小时。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据图片内容可知，2023年7月1日伦敦的最高气温为22摄氏度，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据图片内容可知，在接下来的两天，华盛顿D.C.的天气将是部分晴天和晴天。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据图片内容可知，伦敦和渥太华的最高温度纪录年份是2018年。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据图片内容可知，按照历史上7月1日的平均最高气温对城市进行排序，北京的气温最高，其次是华盛顿D.C.，然后是渥太华，最后是伦敦。故选D。 B Do you know E-person and I-person? These two kinds of personalities are much discussed online. Even twins may be quite different from each other, such as personalities, hobbies, friends and etc. To learn more about that, let’s hear from the following twins. Andy, an Extrovert I enjoy trying new things and playing with many friends. On Saturdays, I hang out with Tom, eating and riding. Ken and I go to the beach on Sundays. At school, Larry is my best friend. I don’t spend much time with him over the weekends because he likes to play video games at home just by himself. I’m cool with it because I can visit other friends. I value (重视) his friendship a lot because Larry cares about me and often gives great advice to my problems. Anna, an Introvert I think nothing is more enjoyable than staying on sofa by myself with a great book in hand. However, I do also need time with my two best friends, Sue and Tina. Sue is so full of life that her jokes bring much joy and laughter to my quiet days. Tina is more similar to me, and she understands me better than I do. We often take a long walk to share our feelings. I love both my friends and need their different personalities to make my life colorful. Well, there we have it from the horse’s mouth. From Andy and Anna, extroverts and introverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities. So start to make different friends and enjoy the special friendship! 1．How does the writer start the passage ? A．By telling a story. B．By giving numbers. C．By asking questions. 2．Which of the following words can best describe Sue? A．Hard-working. B．Understanding. C．Outgoing. 3．The underlined idiom (习语) “from the horse’s mouth” means “to hear from someone ________”. A．who fed it B．who experienced it C．who promised it 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Friends are not necessary to be the same. B．Friends in need are friends indeed. C．Friends bring out the best in each other. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文通过一对双胞胎的描述介绍了外向型和内向型人格的朋友表现及相处方式。 1．推理判断题。根据“Do you know E-person and I-person?”可t推知，文章开头通过提问方式引出了主题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Sue is so full of life that her jokes bring much joy and laughter to my quiet days.”可知，Sue充满活力，她的笑话给作者平静的生活带来了很多欢乐，因此可以用outgoing“外向的”来形容她。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Well, there we have it from the horse’s mouth”可以推断出，该成语的意思是“从当事人那里听到的”，即“听到经历过这件事的人的说法”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“From Andy and Anna, extroverts and introverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities.”可知，从Andy和Anna的例子中我们可以学到，内向者和外向者可以成为朋友，也需要有不同性格的朋友，即朋友不必完全相同。故选A。 7. 任务型阅读 Should friends be different or the same? Different people have different ideas. Some people like to have friends who are different from them. Some like to have friends who are similar to them. Some don’t care if friends are the same as them or different. The following is what four of my classmates say. My name is Susan. I am outgoing. I like to have friends who are similar to me. Both my best friend Linda and I like travelling. We went to Italy with our family last summer holiday. We stayed there for two weeks. Next year we want to go to Paris. My name is Mary. I like to have friends who are different from me. My best friend Betty is shorter and more outgoing than me. I am quiet and I like reading very much. Betty likes sports and she plays table tennis well. I’m Peter. I like to have friends who are like me. It can be very helpful. I’m a little quiet and my good friend Rick is quiet, too. Sometimes I don’t know what to do with my problems and he can tell me what I should do, because he knows about me better than people who are different from me. We all like watching the Beijing Opera. I’m Bill. I have both kinds of friends. I think it is important. That makes my life more interesting. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How long did Susan stay in Italy? 2．What is Betty good at? 3．What are Peter and his good friend like? 4．Why does Bill think it’s important to have both kinds of friends? 5．How many people talk about the question in the passage? 【答案】1．For two weeks. 2．Playing table tennis. 3．They are quiet./Quiet. 4．That makes his life more interesting. 5．Four. 【导语】本文讨论的是好朋友之间到底是应该相似还是互补，四个同学之间各有不同的见解。 1．根据“Susan…We stayed there for two weeks.”可知，Susan在意大利待了两周。故填For two weeks. 2．根据“Betty likes sports and she plays table tennis well.”可知，Betty擅长打乒乓球。故填Playing table tennis. 3．根据“Peter…I’m a little quiet and my good friend Rick is quiet, too.”可知，Peter和他的好朋友Rick都很安静。故填They are quiet./Quiet. 4．根据“Bill…I have both kinds of friends. I think it is important. That makes my life more interesting.”可知，Bill认为有两种朋友很重要，因为这让他的生活更有趣。故填That makes his life more interesting. 5．根据“The following is what four of my classmates say.”可知，文章中有四个人谈论了这个问题。故填Four. 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Same or Different？核心知识点精讲精练 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语、重点词汇(包括重点的小学词汇)、重难句型等核心知识点。 · Section A部分包含数量丰富与多类型的随学随练，基础知识综合练习(填写单词，用适当形式填空等)与技能提升综合练习(听力、阅读理解、完形填空，语篇填空等)。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. compare with 与...比较 2. different from 与...不同 3. each other 相互，彼此 4. encourage sb. to do... 鼓励某人做某事 5. be afraid of 害怕... 6. solve the problem 解决问题 7. play the Chinese flute 吹奏中国笛子 8. win the first prize 获得第一名 9. take part in 参加 10. Congratulations (on …)! (对……表示)祝贺！ 11. attend the festival 参加节日 12. a little 有点儿，稍微 13. as...as... 像...一样... 14. spare time 空闲时间 15. in many ways 在很多方面 16. Our pleasure! 我们的荣幸(不用谢)！ 17. thanks for doing... 感谢做某事；因做某事而感谢 18. have sth. in common 有共同之处 19. average rainfall per year 年平均降雨量 20. a pleasant temperature 宜人的气温 2、 重点词汇解析(单词前标*为初中新学词汇) 1. *compare /kəm'peə(r)/v.比较；对比 [词汇拓展] comparison(n.)比较，对比；comparative(adj.)比较的；比较而言的 [词汇搭配] compare...and/with...将...同...作比较；compare...to...把...比作... without compare无与伦比，举世无双 [词汇例句] We compared the two reports carefully. 我们仔细地比较了两个报告。 The writer compares the sky to a library.作者把天空比做成一个图书馆。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Compare your answers ________ those at the back of the book to see if they are right. A．with B．for C．to D．by 2. *shy /ʃaɪ/adj.害羞的；害怕（做）；对（做）…心怀顾忌 [词汇拓展] <比较级>shyer；<最高级>shyest；<反>outgoing外向的 shyly(adv.)害羞地；shyness(n.)害羞 [词汇搭配] a shy girl一个害羞的女孩；a shy smile腼腆的微笑 be shy of/about (doing) sth.害怕（做）；对（做）…心怀顾忌 [词汇例句] Shy people are always afraid of talking with others.害羞的人总是害怕和别人说话。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Peter is ________ to express his own opinions in front of others. —I think he should believe in himself and be more confident. A．brave enough B．shy enough C．too brave D．too shy 3. *lazy /'leɪzi/adj.懒惰的；懒洋洋的 [词汇拓展] <比较级>lazier；<最高级>laziest；<反>hard-working勤奋的 lazily(adv.)懒惰地;laziness(n.)懒惰 [词汇搭配] a lazy man懒汉 [词汇例句] We spent a lazy day on the beach.我们在海滩上懒洋洋地度过了一天。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Do I have to wash my socks now, Mom? —Yes, Jack. Don’t be a ______ boy. A．shy B．lazy C．funny D．quiet 4. *loud /laʊd/ adv. 响亮地 adj. 大声的 [词汇拓展] <比较级>louder；<最高级>loudest；<反>quiet(adj.)安静的 loudly(adv.)大声地；aloud(adv.)大声地loudness(n.)喧闹声；响度 [词汇搭配] sing louder唱得更响亮；loud and clear清楚明白 [词汇辨析] loud / loudly / aloud · loud表示“大声的”，loudly为loud的副词，表示“大声地”，有喧闹的含义。 We heard loud laughter. 我们听到了响亮的笑声。 They laughed loudly. 他们大声地笑。 · loud也可用作副词，表示“响亮地”，常用于loud enough，as loud as等短语中，或与too，very，so等连用。 The boy shouted as loud as he could. 小男孩声嘶力竭地大喊着。 · aloud用作副词，表示“出声地，大声地”。 Please read aloud. 请大声朗读。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 He was reading a story ________ to his little son when suddenly there was a ________ noise outside the window. A．aloud；loud B．aloud；aloud C．loudly；loud D．loudly；aloud 5. *outgoing /ˈaʊtɡəʊɪŋ/ adj. 外向的 [词汇拓展] <比较级> more outgoing；<最高级>most outgoing <反>shy(adj.)害羞的；easy-going(adj.)随和的；心平气和的 [词汇搭配] an outgoing personality外向的性格 [词汇例句] Her sister is outgoing, while she isn’t. 她姐姐很外向，而她不是。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Jim is ________ than I am. Everybody likes him. A．serious B．more serious C．outgoing D．more outgoing 6. *hard-working /ˈhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 勤奋的 [词汇拓展] <比较级>more hard-working；<最高级>most hard-working； <反>lazy(adj.)懒惰的；hard(adj.)硬的；困难的；勤劳的；(adv.)努力地；猛烈地 [词汇搭配] a hard-working man 一个勤奋的人 [词汇例句] His brother is hard-working. 他哥哥很勤奋 [随学随练] 单项填空。 In our eyes, Linda is ________ outgoing girl ________ a pair of glasses. A．a; with B．an; of C．an; with 7. *perform /pəˈfɔːm/ v. 表演；执行；表现，工作，运转(好/不好)； [词汇拓展] performance(n.)表现；表现；执行；performer(n.)表演者 [词汇搭配] perform an experiment做实验；perform on the flute吹奏长笛 perform well/ badly 表现得好/不好 [词汇例句] I'm looking forward to seeing you perform.我期待着看你演出。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 Gina is an intelligent girl. She could ________ Beijing Opera(京剧) when she was five years old. A．speak B．perform C．talk D．reflect 8. *solve /sɒlv/ v. 解决；解答 [词汇拓展] solution(n.)解决方式；solver(n.)(问题的)解决者 [词汇搭配] solve the problem解决问题 [词汇例句] We’ll try out best to solve the problem.我么将会尽最大的努力解决这个问题。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 It's best not to run away from our problems．We should always try to ________ them． A．solve B．take C．get 9. *congratulation /ˌkɒnɡrætʃuˈleɪʃn/ n. 祝贺；恭喜 [词汇拓展] congratulate(v.)祝贺，恭喜 [词汇搭配] Congratulations (on …)! (对……表示)祝贺！ [词汇例句] [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —I passed my driving test yesterday. —Did you? ________ A．Forget it! B．Congratulations! C．Thanks. D．Don't worry. (2) —Congratulations on your graduation, Paul! I’m so proud of you. —________ I couldn’t have done it without your support. A．Take it easy. B．Thanks a lot. C．It doesn’t matter. D．It’s up to you. 10. *prize /praɪz/ n. 奖，奖励，奖金，奖品；v. 珍视，高度重视 [词汇搭配] win the first prize获得第一名 [词汇例句] Sera won the second prize in the singing competition. 莎拉在歌唱比赛中获得第二名。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 They were happy to know that they ________ the first ________ last week. A．wins; price B．won; prize C．win; prize D．won; praise 11. *attend /əˈtend/ v. 参加，出席；经常去，上(学) [词汇拓展] attendance(n.)参加，出席；出席人数 [词汇搭配] attend to sb/sth处理；对付；照料；关怀；attend school上学 [词汇辨析] attend / join / join in / take part in · attend指“出席，参加”通常是正式的礼仪性的场合，如会议、婚礼、葬礼、报告会、讲座等。 They are going to attend the meeting tomorrow. 他们明天将出席会议。 · join指加入团体组织，成为其中的一员。后也可以接人，表示加入某人的行列，和某人一起做某事。 His brother joined the Party in 1999. 他哥哥1999年入党。 We’re playing soccer. Will you join us? 我们在踢球。你要加入吗？ · take part in指参加群众性活动，并在其中发挥作用。常用短语：take an active part in积极参加... David and Tom took part in the volunteer activity. 大卫和汤姆参加了志愿者活动。 · join in一般是参加小型的活动，一般可以与take part in互换使用。 May I join the game? 我可以加入游戏吗？ [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) —Would you like to ________ our discussion this Sunday? —Sorry, I have an important meeting to ________. A．attend; join B．take part in; attend C．join; take part in D．attend; attend (2) Lucy _________ school on weekdays and _________ some sports activities on the weekend. A．joins in; joins B．attends; joins in C．joins in; attend D．attends; joins 12. *besides /bɪˈsaɪdz/ prep. 除……之外（还） adv. 而且 [词汇用法] · besides可以用作介词，表示“除...之外(还)”，后接名词或动词-ing形式。 Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.除了当医生之外，他在业余时间 还写小说。 · besides也可以用作副词，表示“而且”，主要用于提出另一理由或论据。 I don't really want to go. Besides, it's too late now. 我并不真的想去。况且现在太晚了。 [词汇辨析] besides / except / except for · besides用来引出除已经提到的事物之外的其他事物，包括besides后面所说的人或物。 Besides Matt, Tom and David also came to Judy’s party. 除了Matt，Tom和David也去了Judy的派 对。(去的人中包括Matt) · except表示“除...之外”，不包括except后所说的人或事物。 They all came except Matt.除Matt外他们都来了。(来的人中不包括Matt) · except for 用于引出使某说法不能完全成立的事物，对于句子整体部分表示肯定，仍有部分不应肯定。 Your passage is good except for some spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误，你的文章很好。 besides / beside · besides可以用作介词，表示“除...之外(还)”；也可以用作副词，表示“而且”。 · beside是介词，表示“在旁边”。 He sat beside her all night. 整个晚上他都坐在她的身边。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Is ________ here? —No, we are all here ________ Peter. A．anybody; except B．anybody; besides C．everybody; besides D．everybody; except 13. *spare /speə(r)/ adj. 空闲的；备用的；闲置的 v. 抽出，拨出；放过，使逃脱；不吝惜（时间、金钱） [词汇拓展] <过去式>spared；<动词-ing> sparing [词汇搭配] spare time 空闲时间；a spare key备用钥匙；spare no effort to do不遗余力做某事 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) We've got a spare bedroom, if you'd like to stay. (2) Take some spare clothes in case you get wet. (3) He's studying music in his spare time . (4) I'd love to have a break, but I can't spare the time just now. (5) But the effort couldn’t spare some neighboring communities from Ida’s terrible storm surge (风暴潮). (6) He spared no effort to make her happy again. [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) I'd love to have a break, but I can't ______ any time right now. A．spare B．wait C．save D．offer (2) — I would like to book a room. — Sorry, sir. We don’t have ________ rooms. A．large B．strange C．spare D．good 14. *pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/ n. 乐事；愉快；荣幸 *pleasant /ˈpleznt/ adj. 宜人的，友好的 [词汇拓展] please (v.)使高兴；pleased(adj.)高兴的；pleasing(adj.)令人愉快的；使人满意的 unpleasant(adj.)令人不快的；不和蔼的，不礼貌的 [词汇搭配] My pleasure /It’s a pleasure.（对别人表示感谢的一种礼貌回答）不客气，很乐意效劳 with pleasure（客气地接受或同意）当然了，很愿意 [词汇用法] · pleasure泛指“愉快，快乐”，用作不可数名词。 Listening to music brings me much pleasure. 听音乐给我带来很多快乐。 · pleasure特指“愉快的事，乐事”，用作可数名词。 It’s a great pleasure to talk with you. 和你聊天是件快乐的事。 · pleasant表示“令人感到高兴的”，可译为“宜人的，令人愉快的；友好的，和善的”，含义与pleasing基本相同。 pleasant weather 宜人的天气 a pleasant girl彬彬有礼的小女孩 a pleasing design 令人满意的设计 · pleased表示“感到高兴的”，常用搭配：sb. be pleased with...某人对...感到高兴；sb. be pleased to do某人高兴做某事 She was very pleased with her exam results. 她对考试成绩非常满意。 [词汇例句] [随学随练] 用please适当形式填空。 (1) I did it to my parents. (2) It gives me great to introduce our guest speaker. (3) She was very with her exam results. (4) They lives in a place. [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) They hope people will live a ________ life than before. A．more pleased B．most pleasant C．more pleasant D．much pleasant (2) Look! What a ________ face the little girl is showing to her mother after receiving the ________ gift! A．pleased, pleased B．pleasant, pleasant C．pleased, pleasant D．pleasant, pleased (3) —I always ______ when I has finished all my work. —So do I. It’s such a relief and makes all the effort worth it. A．look pleasant B．feel pleased C．sound pleasure D．feel pleasantly 15. *appearance /əˈpɪərəns/ n. 外表；露面 [词汇拓展] appear(v.)出现，显现；显得，似乎；disappear(v.)消失；disappearance(n.)消失 [词汇例句] The singer's first public appearance was at the age of eight.这位歌手八岁时初次登台演出。 Don’t judge a person by its appearance. 不要以貌取人。 16. *personality /ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/ n. 性格；品质 [词汇拓展] person(n.)人；personal(adj.)个人的；personally(adv.)就个人意见；本人 [词汇搭配] a strong personality很强的个性；a kind, friendly personality善良友好的个性 [词汇例句] His sister has an outgoing personality. 她妹妹个性外向。 17. *serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严肃的；严重的；认真的，当真的；需要认真思考的 [词汇拓展] seriously (adv.) 严肃地；认真地；说正经的；seriousness(n.)严重；严肃；认真 [词汇搭配] have a serious disease 有严重的疾病；be serious about 对...认真的 [词汇例句] Is she serious about wanting to sell the house? 她真想把房子卖掉吗？ I'm afraid I'm not a very serious person. 恐怕我不是一个非常严肃的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 (1) Are you serious ________ going out today? A．with B．to C．at D．about (2) —Be ______. This is an important meeting. —I’m sorry. A．strict B．serious C．slow D．smart (3) —I’m going to a party on Thursday night at Jimmy’s house —________. You will have two tests at school on Friday. A．It’s nice to say so B．That’s exciting C．Enjoy oneself D．You can’t be serious 18. *strength /streŋθ/ n. 优势；力量 [词汇拓展] strong (adj.)强壮的；weakness(n.)虚弱；劣势；advantage(n.)优点；disadvantage(n.)缺点 [词汇搭配] the strengths and weaknesses优点与缺点 [词汇例句] He pushed against the rock with all his strength. 他用全力推那块石头。 19. *fact /fækt/ n. 事实；现实 [词汇拓展] factual(adj.)根据事实的；事实的 [词汇搭配] in fact 事实上，确切地说；as a matter of fact 事实上，说真的；恰恰相反 Is that a fact ? (回答认为有趣、惊奇或不相信的说法)真的吗？不会吧！ [词汇例句] The fact is that they didn’t come. 事实是他们没有来。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 She looks like a teacher. ________, she is a nurse. A．No matter B．As a matter of fact C．As a result 20. *slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的；薄的；v. (靠节食等)变苗条，减肥 [词汇拓展] slimmer(n.)减肥者；slimming(n.)减肥，减轻体重 [词汇搭配] a slim body苗条的身材 slim down （靠节食等）变苗条，减肥；精简（机构），裁减（人员） [词汇例句] She was tall and slim.她是个瘦高个儿。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Why do you like wearing dark-colored clothes? —Because these colors make me ________. A．look fat B．look slim C．to look slim D．to look fat 21. *population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 人口；（某一国家或地区某类人或动物的）总数 [词汇拓展] populate(v.)居住于；生活于；构成…的人口 [词汇搭配] countries with ageing populations人口老龄化的国家 have a population of 100 million 有1亿人口 [词汇例句] Muslims make up 55% of the population. 穆斯林占人口的55%。 What’s the population of the USA? 美国有多少人口？ [随学随练] 单项填空。 —________ the population of Gaotai? —About 130,000. A．How many is B．How many are C．What is D．What are 22. *km (= kilometre /ˈkɪləʊmiːtə(r); kɪˈlɒmɪtə(r)/; kilometer) 千米；公里 [词汇拓展] mm (= millimetre /ˈmɪlɪmiːtə(r); ˈmɪlɪmiːtə(r)/; millimeter) 毫米 ；centimeter厘米 [词汇搭配] twenty kilometers 二十千米；thirty square kilometers 三十平方千米 [词汇例句] It’s about ten kilometres away from the school. 离学校大约10千米。 23. *average /ˈævərɪdʒ/ adj. 平均的；平常的，普通的；n.平均数；平均水平 [词汇搭配] average rainfall per year 年平均降雨量；average January temperature一月平均气温 an average price平均价格；above/below average高于/低于平均水平 [词汇例句] Temperatures are below average for the time of year. 温度低于此时的年平均温度。 24. slow/slow/ adj.慢的，迟钝的；v.(使)慢下来;(使)放慢速度 [词汇拓展] slowly(adv.) 慢地；quick/fast(adj.)快的；quickly/fast(adv.)快地 [词汇搭配] a slow driver开车慢的人；slow down减速 [词汇例句] He is a slow reader. 他是个阅读速度慢的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空。 —Why are you late again? — I got up ________, but I had a ________ breakfast. A．late; slow B．lately; fast C．early; fast D．early; slow 3、 重难句型解析 1. 作比较的句型 (1) 用“形容词或副词比较级+than...”表示“比...更...” (教材原文)She is taller than Emma. 他比Emma高。 (教材原文)Ella dances better than Emma, but Emma sings louder than her. Ella比Emma跳舞跳得更好，但 Emma唱得比她更大声。 (2) 用“as+形容词或副词原级+as...”，表示“和...一样...” (教材原文)I work as hard as her. 我和她工作一样努力。 2. How be+主语+different? ...有什么不同？ (教材原文)How is this year different? 今年有什么不同？ (教材原文)How are you different? ? 你有什么不同？ 4、 其他重要知识点讲解 1. by表方式 (教材原文)They solve the problem by playing the Chinese flute together. 他们一起吹长笛解决了这个问题。 by后常接动词-ing形式，表示通过某种方式。 He learnt English by watching English movies. 他通过看英语电影学习英语。 2. a little 用法 I’m a little quieter than Ella. (1) 此句中a little用作副词，修饰后面的形容词比较级，表示“一点儿，稍微”。 Diana started to feel a little better. 戴安娜开始感觉好些了。 (2) a little还可以用作形容词，意为“一些”，表示肯定含义，后接不可数名词，也可用作代词，代替不可数名词。 We have a little water left. 我们还剩一些水。 If you have any spare milk, could you give me a little?你要是有多余的牛奶，给我一些好吗？ 3. have sth. in common 用法 (教材原文)What do Emma and Ella have in common? Emma和Ella有什么共同点？ have...in common表示“有...共同之处”。have something in common表示“有一些共同之处”，have nothing in common表示“没有共同之处”，have little in common表示“几乎没有共同之处”。 5、 基础知识综合练习 1. 根据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) You can (比较) your notes with your classmates'. (2) Allan is (害羞的) and she (害怕) speaking in front of the class. (3) Rose is (懒惰的)，while her sister is (勤奋的). (4) She has (外向的个性)and makes friends easily. (5) You might have seen sugar artists  (表演) on the streets.  (6) (对...表示祝贺)winning the gold medal in the sports competition! (7) Sally (获得第一名) in the dancing competition last week. (8) We will  (参加) the tea festival in our town to learn more about tea culture. (9) (在他的空闲时间), he was always planting trees. (10) It’s really a (乐事) to spend our holiday at such a (领人愉快的) place. (11) I wonder how Tom and Nick became good friends because they (没有共同之处). (12) Air pollution has become (更加严重的) than ever before. (13) He used all his  (力量) to raise the tree back up again. (14) (事实上), some people don’t like to play sports.  (15) She is (苗条的) and the long dress fits her perfectly. (16) The   (人口)is growing fast. There will be more and more people in the world. (17) On  (平均), everyone there walks 5,941 steps every day. (18) What’s more, the culture here is quite  (与...不同) that in other places. 2. 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) We always make  (compare) with others and feel sad. (2) She congratulated him  the birth of his son. (3) In Japan, people are usually  (shy) and quieter than people in Western countries.  (4) Some students might sit  (lazy) in their seats, not look at the teacher’s eyes and keep their hands down. (5) My best friend John is more popular  me. (6) I will also help classmates improve their sports  (perform) and make everyone enjoy the fun of sports. (7) He runs as   (quick) as his brother. (8) China is much bigger than the US   area. (9) We shouldn’t judge a person by his  (appear). (10) But don’t take the number too  (serious). (11) It encourages people  (stay) brave when facing difficulties, fight for what is right, and value friendship. (12) These traditional diets all share one thing  common—they include all kinds of natural foods. (13) —How do you study for a test, Eric? —I study by  (work) with a group. (14) Helping others is just as  (excite) as getting help from others. 3. 单项填空。 (1) —Excuse me, could you please close the window for me? —________. A．Not at all B．My pleasure C．With pleasure D．Don’t mention it (2) —Is Shirley a good student? —Of course. She is________to pass all her exams. A．hard-working enough B．enough hard-working C．lazy enough D．enough lazy (3) Does he study ________ working ________ his friends? A．in; by B．on; with C．by; with D．by; on (4) —Did you study any other language ________ English when you were at college? —Yes, I also studied French there. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each. A．besides; besides B．but; except C．except; except D．besides; except (5) The population of China is much ________ than that of any other country in the world. A．more B．bigger C．fewer D．smaller (6) —________ is your new house different ________ your old one? —Well, my new house is very big. My old house is small. A．What; to B．How; like C．Why; for D．How; from (7) —What fluent English you speak! ________ can I improve my spoken English? —________ listening to VOA Special English every day. A．How; By B．What; By C．How; With D．What; with (8) Dear friends, it’s time for English! If you ________ the exam ________, you’ll get good grades. A．take ... seriously B．keep ... to yourself C．have ... in common (9) I thought the math exam would be difficult, but _______, it was much easier than I expected. A．in fact B．in total C．as usual D．after all (10) —Did you watch the CCTV Spring Festival Evening Gala? —Certainly. That night the sky was as ________ as that in the day. A．bright B．brightly C．brighter D．more brightly 6、 技能提升综合练习 1. 听力选择 听对话，完成问题。 (1)What does Linda look like? A．She has long straight hair. B．She wears a pair of glasses. C．She is taller than Lucy. (2)What clothes do Linda look like? A．Dresses. B．Sweaters. C．Uniforms. 你将听到一篇短文，请根据短文内容，选出每个问题的最佳答案。短文读两遍。 (3)How old is Ben? A．13. B．14. C．17. (4)What is Ben’s brother like? A．Thin and wild. B．Strong and tall. C．Thin and calm. (5)Who is more outgoing? A．Ben. B．Ben’s brother. C．Ben’s parents. (6)What do the brothers have in common? A．They both like pop music. B．They are both friendly. C．They are both funny. (7)Which is RIGHT? A．Ben’s brother is heavier than Ben. B．Ben is wilder. C．Ben’s hobby is reading. 听独白，回答以下各小题。 (8)Where is Marseille? A．In the east of France. B．In the north of France. C．In the south of France. (9)Why does Lucy love autumn in Marseille? A．Because of the cool weather. B．Because of the yellow leaves. C．Because of the slow change of colours. (10)How’s the weather in Marseille in October? A．It’s colder than usual. B．It’s hotter than usual. C．It’s warmer than usual. (11)What does Lucy love doing to warm up? A．Running. B．Dancing. C．Walking. 2. 补全对话 根据对话内容，从下面选出恰当的句子补全对话，并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑，其中有两项是多余的。 A: Mary, do you know Lisa? B: Yes, she is my best friend. We study in the same school. A: 1 B: She has long straight hair. She is tall and thin. A: 2 B: No, she isn’t. In fact, I’m taller than her. A: 3 B: Yes, she does. She likes all kinds of sports and her favorite sport is swimming. A: 4 B: I’m more outgoing than Lisa. A: Who is more hard-working? B: She is not as hard-working as me. But she is smarter and always gets better grades. A: Can you introduce (介绍) her to me? 5 B: OK. I think you can become good friends. A．I want to make friends with her. B．What does she look like? C．Who is more outgoing? D．Why do you like her? E．Is she taller than you? F．She likes sports, doesn’t she? G．How old is she? 3. 语篇填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个恰当的词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案写在答题卡的相应位置。 My good friend Laura is my cousin. She is one year older than me. I’m fourteen years old, so she is fifteen now. She lives in Bristol. She is more hard-working than me and she usually gets 1 (good) grades in the tests. We both like reading 2 swimming. Though we have the same hobby, we have some 3 (different). For example, she is more outgoing and likes telling jokes. She is 4 (talent) in singing. She practices singing every day. She often sings in shows and I watch her sing many 5 (time). We talk about everything together and always share our 6 (happy) and sadness with each other. My favorite 7 (say) is “A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart”. Laura is a friend 8 this. Laura is very busy because she also 9 (study) photography (摄影) in her free time. She takes a lot of wonderful photos. Last year, she 10 (win) the first prize in the city photo competition. I am lucky that I have so good a friend. 4. 完形填空 I was born in a big family. My elder brother, Eddie and I looked much the same because our 1 were the perfect combination (结合) of our Mom’s and Dad’s. However, I did feel 2 . My eldest brother, Tony was humorous. He could tell a funny story that kept you 3 all the time. And Eddie was 4 . He was good at football and often entered competitions. His gift helped him be a good football coach. However, I was quiet and not so outgoing as my 5 . I just wanted to learn everything so I spent more time 6 . I was usually left behind for I was much younger than the two boys. For most of the time, I played alone. But I was not so 7 as you thought. My imagination was a great friend and in a way I liked the loneliness. Looking back now, I can see that although I was different, I enjoyed the difference instead of worrying about it. As a result, I became the person I wanted to be. My reading 8 me to start writing. It also helped me solve the biggest problems about love, kindness and happiness and find great pleasure. The 9 in my quiet life made it easy for me to work at home and take care of the family at the same time. We all have something 10 in our life. We only need to find it, to live it, and to love it. 1．A．hobbies B．ideas C．faces D．voices 2．A．angry B．different C．pleased D．excited 3．A．laughing B．waiting C．thinking D．worrying 4．A．warm B．active C．brave D．strict 5．A．friends B．classmates C．parents D．brothers 6．A．listening B．talking C．reading D．singing 7．A．lonely B．serious C．comfortable D．careful 8．A．wished B．asked C．led D．warned 9．A．pleasure B．job C．book D．problem 10．A．funny B．wrong C．boring D．special 5. 七选五 根据短文内容，将文后选项还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺（每个选项只能用一次）。 A The Same But Different Maggie and Sarah are twin sisters. They were born just a few minutes apart, and they look exactly alike. They both have blonde hair and green eyes. 1 . Sometimes other students at school have a hard time telling them apart. Maggie and Sarah like going to the same school. This is because they are not just twin sisters, but best friends too. They have a lot in common. 2 . Both girls spend a lot of time together with their family, and they both like to play with their dog, Callie. 3 . Maggie likes to play sports. She is on a soccer team and a basketball team. Sarah doesn’t really like sports. She likes to dance. There are other differences between them too. 4 . Maggie likes to read mystery books, but Sarah likes to read books about animals. Maggie gets better grades in reading and Spanish, but Sarah gets better grades in math and science. Everyone is different in her or his own way. Maggie and Sarah like being different from each other as much as they like being similar. 5 . A．That is what makes them special B．They are around the same height as well C．But Maggie and Sarah are also very different D．Maggie likes the color red, but Sarah likes the color green E．Both girls enjoy a lot of the same television shows, books, and food B Do you have any foreign friends? Do you know their characteristics (性格)? The Germans are very quiet and they always keep calm.​ 1 ​They look very serious. The Germans are very hard-working. They like tidiness, especially the women, so they always keep their houses clean. 2 ​They are very quiet and never talk too much with the strangers. They are really polite, so we often hear they say “Thank you” or “Sorry”. The gentlemen are also the Englishmen. Holidays are very long in France. Frenchmen like travelling and usually spend their long time staying in other countries. 3 It is very easy to make friends with them. 4 And they are even opener than all of the Europeans. They don’t like to depend on others. 5 And in Americans’ eyes, success is an important part in their life. A．They don’t like to speak more words. B．They are more outgoing than the Germans. C．In some ways, the Englishmen look the same as the Germans. D．Compared to the Frenchmen, Americans are more outgoing. E．So it is very common that the students do part-time jobs in their free time. F．They may be talkative (话多的). G．But Europeans don’t seem to share the same habits. 6. 阅读理解 A 1．The local time in Ottawa at this time was________ and the time difference between Ottawa and Beijing was ________. A．2:30 pm; 0 hours B．7:30 am: 7 hours C．2:30 am; 5 hours D．2:30 am;12 hours 2．On July lst, 2023, the highest temperature in London was ________ . A．12℃ B．17℃ C．22℃ D．28℃ 3．In the next two days, the weather in Washington, D．C． would be ________。 A．partly sunny and windy B．partly sunny and sunny C．mostly sunny and rainy D．mostly sunny and cloudy 4．The record high temperature in ________ and ________ appeared in 2018 A．London; Ottawa B．London; Beijing C．Beijing; Washington, D．C． D．Ottawa;Washington,D．C． 5．If we sort (排序) the cities in order of their average high temperature on July lst in history, which of the following is correct? A．Washington,D．C．>London>Ottawa>Beijing B．Washington,. D．C．>Beijing>London>Ottawa C．Beijing>Ottawa>Washington,D．C．>London D．Beijing>Washington,D．C．>Ottawa>London B Do you know E-person and I-person? These two kinds of personalities are much discussed online. Even twins may be quite different from each other, such as personalities, hobbies, friends and etc. To learn more about that, let’s hear from the following twins. Andy, an Extrovert I enjoy trying new things and playing with many friends. On Saturdays, I hang out with Tom, eating and riding. Ken and I go to the beach on Sundays. At school, Larry is my best friend. I don’t spend much time with him over the weekends because he likes to play video games at home just by himself. I’m cool with it because I can visit other friends. I value (重视) his friendship a lot because Larry cares about me and often gives great advice to my problems. Anna, an Introvert I think nothing is more enjoyable than staying on sofa by myself with a great book in hand. However, I do also need time with my two best friends, Sue and Tina. Sue is so full of life that her jokes bring much joy and laughter to my quiet days. Tina is more similar to me, and she understands me better than I do. We often take a long walk to share our feelings. I love both my friends and need their different personalities to make my life colorful. Well, there we have it from the horse’s mouth. From Andy and Anna, extroverts and introverts can be friends and also need friends with different personalities. So start to make different friends and enjoy the special friendship! 1．How does the writer start the passage ? A．By telling a story. B．By giving numbers. C．By asking questions. 2．Which of the following words can best describe Sue? A．Hard-working. B．Understanding. C．Outgoing. 3．The underlined idiom (习语) “from the horse’s mouth” means “to hear from someone ________”. A．who fed it B．who experienced it C．who promised it 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Friends are not necessary to be the same. B．Friends in need are friends indeed. C．Friends bring out the best in each other. 7. 任务型阅读 Should friends be different or the same? Different people have different ideas. Some people like to have friends who are different from them. Some like to have friends who are similar to them. Some don’t care if friends are the same as them or different. The following is what four of my classmates say. My name is Susan. I am outgoing. I like to have friends who are similar to me. Both my best friend Linda and I like travelling. We went to Italy with our family last summer holiday. We stayed there for two weeks. Next year we want to go to Paris. My name is Mary. I like to have friends who are different from me. My best friend Betty is shorter and more outgoing than me. I am quiet and I like reading very much. Betty likes sports and she plays table tennis well. I’m Peter. I like to have friends who are like me. It can be very helpful. I’m a little quiet and my good friend Rick is quiet, too. Sometimes I don’t know what to do with my problems and he can tell me what I should do, because he knows about me better than people who are different from me. We all like watching the Beijing Opera. I’m Bill. I have both kinds of friends. I think it is important. That makes my life more interesting. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 1．How long did Susan stay in Italy? 2．What is Betty good at? 3．What are Peter and his good friend like? 4．Why does Bill think it’s important to have both kinds of friends? 5．How many people talk about the question in the passage? 第 1 页 共 7 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$