2025年中考英语代词讲解 人称、物主、反身、指示代词

学科教师辅导讲义 授课主题 代词专题(一) 教学目的 1. 通过本节课的学习使学生了解代词; 使学生掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代词和指示代词; 重、难点 重点:反身代词 教学内容 二、课程导入 你知道的代词有哪些呢? 三、知识点讲解 代词:代替名词、形容词和数词的词。 分类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词和关系代词等。 知识点一:人称代词 1. 定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语表、语。要保持人称和数的一致。 我认识他。 I know him. 他认识我。He knows me。 2.分类:人称代词主格和人称代词宾格 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数(单三) 复数 翻译 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 ta们 主格 I we you you he she it they 宾格 me us you you him her it them 3. 用法 (1)通常主格作主语(在句首,动词前)。 He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 (2)宾格作宾语或表语(在动词或介词后)或作表语(在be动词后)。 Can you understand me? 你能理解我吗?(作动词宾语) —Who is knocking at the door? 谁在敲门? —It’s me. 是我。(作表语) Tom often plays soccer with me.汤姆经常跟我一起踢足球。(介宾) Tom and I are working.汤姆和我在工作。(注意并列主语也用主格。) (3)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。 Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。 注:如果对比宾语,则必须用宾格。 I met you earlier than he (did).我比他更早遇见你。(对比主语) I met you earlier than him.我遇见你比遇见他更早。(对比宾语) (4)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。 —I like travelling. 我喜欢旅游。 —Me too. 我也喜欢。 (5)人称代词并列时的排列顺序。 ①人称代词单数并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称 第三人称 第一人称,即you, he/she/it and I(若是承担错误责任,第一人称应当先)。 It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰使她生气了。 ②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称 第二人称 第三人称,即we, you and they. 巩固练习 人称代词专项练习(主格、宾格) 一、填空题(在空格处填入正确的人称代词) 1. _(我)like playing football. 2. Can you help _(我们)with the project? 3. _(她)is a talented singer. 4. The teacher praised _(他)for his hard work. 5. _(他们)are coming to the party tonight. 6. Tom invited _(我)to his birthday party. 7. _(我们)often go hiking on weekends. 8. Don’t blame _(他们)for the mistake. 9. _(他)gave _(我)a book yesterday. 10. _(她)and _(我)are good friends. 11. The dog followed _(我们)home. 12. _(他们)won the match last week. 13. Please pass the ball to _(他). 14. _(我)and _(你)should work together. 15. The movie scared _(她)a lot. 答案 1. I 2. us 3. She 4. him 5. They 6. me 7. We 8. them 9. He, me 10. She, I 11. us 12. They 13. him 14. I, you 15. her 本知识点小结: 知识点二:物主代词 1. 定义:物主代词是表示所有关系的代词,用来说明某物属于某人或与某人有关。 2. 分类:物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 翻译 我的 我们的 你的 你们的 他的 她的 它的 ta们的 形物代 my our your your his her its their 名物代 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 3. 用法 (1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能放在名词前作定语,后面一定要跟一个名词。 名词性物主代词相当于形容词行物主代词+名词,后不跟任何名词。 例: 这是我的桌子。 This is my desk.——这是我的。 This is mine. 我的钢笔是红色的。 My pen is red.——我的是红色的。Mine is red. 口诀:谁的东西形物代,只有谁的名物代。 【注意】 a. 形容词性物主代词的选择应根据事物的所有者的"人称"(第一、二、三人称)和"数"(单、复数)来确定。 b. 形容词性物主代词通常修饰有生命的事物,如 "the door"或"the door of the room"比"its door"更常见。 c. 物主代词通常不能跟of所有格互换,his book不可以说 The book of him。但是与照片、图片等有歧义的名词联用除外。 His photo(他的照片。)属于他的照片,上面的人不一定是他。 A photo of him.(他的一张照片。)照片上的人是他,但是照片不一定属于的。 d.名词性物主代词相当于名词,后面不能加名词,可单独使用,可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。相当于"形容词性物主代词+名词"。 This is mine等于this is my book/desk/……( Mine=my book/desk……) e.名物代做主语单复数要根据语境而定。 My father is a teacher. Hers is a doctor.我父亲是一个老师,她父亲是一个医生。 My eyes are brown. Hers are blue.我的眼睛是棕色的,她的是蓝色的。 巩固练习 (1) 选择题(选择正确的物主代词填空) 1.This is my book. That book is _ (your/yours). 2. The cat ate _ (its/it's) food quickly. 3. She has a red bag. The red bag is _ (her/hers). 4. Is this pen _ (her/hers)? 5. They live in that house. The house is _ (their/theirs). (二)填空题(用适当的物主代词填空) 6. We lost _ keys yesterday. 7. I have a brother. _ brother is a doctor. 8. This is not our car. _ is parked outside. 9. The students finished _ homework on time. 10. The dog wagged _ tail happily. 答案 1. yours 2. its 3. hers 4. hers 5. theirs 6. our 7. My 8. Ours 9. their 10. its 本知识点小结: 知识点三: 反身代词 英语中用来表示"我自己""你自己""他自己""我们自己""你们自己""他/她/它们自己"等意义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。 人称和单复数 变化规则 我自己 第一、二人称单数 形物代+self myself. 你自己 yourself 我们自己 第一、二人称复数 形物代+selves ourselves 你们自己 yourselves 他自己 第三人称单数 宾格+self himself 她自己 herself 它自己 itself Ta们自己 第三人称复数 宾格加selves themselves 用法: 1.主宾相同,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 I hurt him accidentally.我不小心伤害了他。 I hurt myself accidentally.我不小心受伤了。(宾语不可用me) 介宾: He is talking to Tom.他正在跟汤姆说话。 He is talking to himself.他正在自言自语。 2.自己做某事的表达方式。 作主语或宾语的同位语,意为”亲自”。主要用于加强语气,可紧跟在被修饰名词后或句末。 原句: He goes to school.他去上学。 他自己上学。 He himself goes to school.(相当于状语或同位语。) = He goes to school himself. = He goes to school by himself.他独自上学。(更强调自立) = He goes to school alone. = He goes to school on his own. 3.自己的表示方式:one’s own sth,不要用oneself’s 我自己的房间:my own room 这是他们自己的船。 This is their own ship. 4.常用短语: 1. (all)by oneself 亲自;独自;(全)靠自己 He cleaned the room (all) by himself.他独自清理了这个房间。 2. Be oneself(肯定句+将来时)康复;(否定句:+not,不舒服,身体不太好) I’m not myself.我身体不舒服。 He will be himself soon.他很快就康复了。 3. enjoy oneself 玩得开心=have a good/great time=have fun(后可跟doing sth) (做某事)玩的很高兴。 They enjoy themselves swimming.他们游泳游得很尽兴。 4. dress oneself 自己穿衣服 (给自己穿衣服,主宾一致) 注: A. Put on穿上(强调穿的过程。) Put on your coat. Put it on.(名词放后面,带词放中间。) B. Wear穿着戴着(强调穿戴的状态。) She’s wearing a red coat.他正穿着一件红色的外套。 C. In穿着戴着(介词) She is in a red coat.她穿着一件红色的外套。 The girl in red is my sister.穿红衣服的女孩是我妹妹。 D. Dress给……穿衣服/装扮(宾语是人) Mother is dressing the baby. 5. teach oneself=learn……by oneself 自学 I learn English by myself.= I teach myself English. 6. help oneself (to sth)随便吃些…吧。 Help yourself/yourselves to the cake.请随便享用这块蛋糕。 7. say to oneself(通常要加宾语) 自言自语=talk to oneself 8. make yourself/yourselves at home 请(你/你们)自便,别拘束 9. come to oneself 苏醒;醒来(指从昏迷、晕厥、醉酒中醒来) 注: Wake up通常指从睡梦中醒来。 10. behave oneself = act properly(守规矩) "The kids behaved themselves at the wedding." 巩固练习 : 一、单项选择 1.The boy called his teacher for help because he couldn’t solve the problem by _. A. herself B. himself C. yourself D. themselves 2.Jane looked carefully at _in the mirror before going outsides. A. her B. him C. herself D. himself 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.I asked _to do _homework by_. (he) 本知识点小结: 反身代词用法口诀 反身代词莫乱用,能在句中宾、表、同; 主语、定语不能用,固定搭配要记清。 知识点四:指示代词 1.定义:表示"这个""那个""这些""那些"等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。 指示代词 用法 例句 this(these) 用于指时间或空间上较近的事物 Is this your pen? These are my books. that(those) 用于指时间或空间上较远的事物 That dictionary is Mary’s. Are those your books? 2.用法 指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 (1)that 和those代替前面提到的东西,以避免重复这个名词。 —She is a beautiful girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。 —Who said that? 那是谁说的? Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. My seat is next to that of the mayor.(that=mayor’s seat)我的座位在市长座位旁边。 (2)this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。 I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点:她美吗? (3)在打电话时,通常用 this 指自己,用that指对方: Hello. This is Jim(speaking). =Jim speaking.喂,我是吉姆。 Who is that(speaking)?你是谁?Is that Jane (speaking)?你是简吗? 注:电话用语只在相互介绍阶段使用,介绍完了之后就可以正常用I you沟通了。 (4)指示代词this,that和these在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。 知识点五:it one that的用法区别 在英语中,it、one 和 that/those 都可以用作代词,但它们的用法和侧重点不同。以下是详细对比: 1. it,它,指上文提到的同一个事物,即可指可数名词单数,也可以指不可数名词。 I have a cat. It is cute. The water in the cup is cold. It may freeze tomorrow. 2.One,指上文同类但不同一个的可数名词,可以指人或物。 There are enough apples for us,please give me one. The pens are mine except the red ones. The bananas in the box are bigger than the ones/those on the tree.(the ones/those表同类不同物,必须加定语,本句中指香蕉) The desk in the room is longer than the one/that in the office.(that和one都可以同类不同物的桌子单数) 2. that、those在同类事物但不同主体比较中的作用。That表示上文同类事物(不可指人)不同主体的比较,通常指不可数名词,(正式用语)也可以指可数名词单数(优先用the one更自然),为了避免名词重复。通常可数名词单数用the one代替。 Those可指同类但不同主体的人或事物的复数。 例: The weather in Africa is hotter than that(指天气) in China. 非洲的天气比中国的天气更热。 The cup I bought is much more expensive than that/the one he is using. 我买的杯子比他正在使用的那个贵很多。(优先用the one) The students in my class did as well in the exam as those/the ones in your class. 我们班的学生在这次考试中做的比你们班的学生更好。 本知识点小结: 当堂检测: 用人称代词代替下单词或词组。 1.Mike 2.Mr White 3.Tom and I 4.Joan and John 5.My father 6.the rabbit 7.Miss White 8.Kate,Tim and I 9.Joan’s mother 10.their brother 课堂总结 家庭作业: 一、填入合适的人称或物主代词 _(我) am a teacher. My father is talking with _(我). _(他) often plays basketball after school. _(他的) teacher is good. _(我们) buy a pair of shoes for _(他). Please pass_(我们) the ball. _(他们) are listening to the radio. This is _(我的) book. That is_(他的) _(他的) chair is blue. _( 我们的) is yellow. _(我们的) classroom is big._( 你们的) is small. _(他) often plays basketball after school. _(他的) teacher is good. _(她的)is good too. My book is blue. _(you) is red. Our chair is better than _ ( they). I will give the presents to_(they). These books are_(I), and those are_(you). My ruler is long. _ ( you ) is short. My bike is broken. May I borrow_ ( she)? Can you show _(I) your book? It’s time for _(they) to go home. Mr. Green often tells _(we) some stories. These are not your desks. They are _(our). This is not my shirt. It’s _(he) I saw _(she) in the shop yesterday. 二、选择填空 1. Hi, Judy. — Hi, Jason. Come in. Make _ at home. A. yourself B. us C. yourselves D. you 2. Mum often warns the boy _ swim _ in the sea because it’s dangerous. A. don’t, alone B. not, by himself C. not to, by himself D. not to, lonely 3. Li Lei and Lin Tao are working harder than before to improve _. A. themselves B. himself C. their D. theirs 4. Yesterday I saw _ enjoy _ in the park. A. her, hers B. they, them C. She, herself D. them, themselves 5. It was not good for the mother to leave(留) her little son all by _. A. yourself B. himself C. herself D. itself 6. Mary makes all _ dresses. A. herself B. herself’s C. hers D. her own 7. Don’t be worried. She will come _ very soon. A. by herself B. to herself C. back herself D. all to herself 8. Did you enjoy _ last night, Lucy and Lily? A. yourselves B. yourself C. you D. your time 1 / 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$