2025年中考英语语法复习之句子词性、成份、结构(1)课件

说到英语学习，最困扰你的是...? 为什么要学语法？ 研究表明，顺序地汉字并不一定会影响阅读，但事实证明了字都是乱地当时候你看到这句话的，这话说的很糟糕的。 研究表明，汉字的顺序并不一定会影响阅读，但事实证明了字都是乱的，当你看到这句话的时候，这话说得很糟糕。 研究表明，顺序的汉字并不一定会影响阅读，但事实证明了字都是乱地当时候你看到这句话的，这话说的很糟糕的。 我今天早晨在教室里疯狂地读英语单词。 我今天早晨在教室里疯狂地读英语单词。 I this morning in the classroom crazily read English words. 我今天早晨在教室里疯狂地读英语单词。 I this morning in the classroom crazily read English words. I read English words crazily in the classroom this morning. 我今天早晨在教室里疯狂地读英语单词。 I read English words crazily in the classroom this morning. 我读英语单词疯狂地在教室里今天早晨。 取得英语语法成功的基石 词性、成份及句子结构 词性 英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。 1 名词 noun 2 代词 pronoun 3 形容词 adjective 4 副词 adverb 5 动词 verb 6 数词 numeral 7 冠词 article 8 介词 preposition 9 连词 conjunction 10 感叹词 interjection student You happy quickly cut three a at and oh 实词 虚词 词类 英语名称 作用 例词 名词 Noun（缩写为 n.） 表示人或事物的名称 party政党 China中国 形容词 Adjective（adj.） 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的特性、性质 good 好的 great伟大 动词 Verb (v.) 表示人或事物的动作或状态 eat吃 have有 副词 Adverb (adv.) 用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示动作或形状的特性 hard艰苦 here这里 数词 Numeral (num.) 表示数量或顺序 one一 first第一 代词 Pronoun (pron.) 用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 He他 that那 冠词 Article (art.) 用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 an，a，the 介词 Preposition (prep.) 用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 under在...下 in在...里 连词 Conjunction (conj.) 用来连接词、短语或句子 and和 but但是 感叹词 Interjection (interj.) 表示说话时的感情或口气 Oh 噢 hey嘿   2008年8月8日是难忘的一天。 第29届奥运会在国家体育馆鸟巢举行开幕式。 国家主席胡锦涛出席了此次开幕式。 此次奥运会共有204个国家和地区参赛。 最终，中国以51枚的金牌数位居奖牌榜之首。 句子成份 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语。 16 一、主语 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于______ 。 1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard. 3.To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4.Playing football after school is great fun. 句首 1. We love China. 2. We finished reading this book. 3. He speaks English. 4. She looks unhappy. 二、谓语 谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由 ______ 充当. 动词 △情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语. They can speak English well. They will come here. 1）状态系动词：be(am is are was were) He is a teacher. 2）保持:keep, remain, stay etc. He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 系动词 3）似乎，显得:seem, appear He appears tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste，look This flower smells very sweet. 5）变化系动词：become,get, turn, fall, grow, go, come etc. He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词:prove, turn out The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。 三、宾语 宾语：动作行为的对象和承受者。一般放在_________或_______后面. 1.We study English. 2.Our teacher said that he would go there. 3.He is looking at the dog. 及物动词 介词 表语：跟在系动词后面的词语,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . 四、表语 定语：用来修饰_____. This is a red car. The woman doctor is my wife. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book. the boy with glasses 五、定语 名词 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 六、状语 John often came to chat with me． ( ) As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday. ( ) She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework. ( ) My father worked in this school ten years ago. ( ) Though he is young, he knows a lot.( ) He came running.( ) 频率，目的 地点，伴随 地点，时间 让步 方式 原因 27 补语是用于补充说明宾语的身份或特征。 七、补语 Everyone calls him Jack. （宾补） I make him angry. make/let/have +人/物 +adj./n./v. 同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明 The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends. Mr. Wang, my boss, is on business now. 八、同位语 句子结构 英语句子的种类 简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句 (compound sentence) 复合句 (complex sentence) 　简单句 五种基本句型 主+谓vt.+宾 I beat her. She hates me. He tells a lie. The man killed a person. 主+谓 She cried. I left. He died. That man jumps high. 主+系+表 She is upset. I am happy. They were excited. 主+谓+双宾 I bought her a gift. She told her mum this thing. He showed us his new coat. My friend sent me an e-mail. 主+谓+宾+宾补 I made her happy. They consider her crazy. 加适当的词修饰，让简单句丰富起来 我打了她。 她哭了。 她很伤心。 我给她买了个礼物。 我让她开心了。 我昨天在教室里打了她。 她大声地哭了。 她非常伤心。 我给她买了个漂亮的礼物，一个包。 我又一次让她开心了。 我打了她。 她哭了。 她很伤心。 我给她买了个礼物。 我让她开心了。 我昨天在教室里打了她。 她大声地哭了。 她非常伤心。 我给她买了个漂亮的礼物，一个包。 我又一次让她开心了。 I beat her. She cried. She is upset. I bought her a gift I made her happy. I beat her in the classroom yesterday. She cried loudly. She is very upset. I bought her a beautiful gift, a bag. I made her happy again. 加适当的词修饰，让简单句丰富起来 请划出下列句子中的成分 1.My brother teaches in a university. 2.Most students in my class like playing chess. 3.Plastic seems wonderful.. 4.Time flies by. 5.I can’t stand the noise. 6.I send you an e-mail. 7.It cost me three dollars. 8.You can leave the window open. 请划出下列句子中的成分 9.He speaks English well. 10.They elected George W. Bush US President. 11.The novel won the author a Nobel Prize. 12.That will save you a lot of time. 13.I found the book easily. 14.I found grammar interesting. 15.Happy families seldom differ. 16.Last night, Mr. Clinton apologized sincerely to Hilary in his office. $$