Unit 3 The world Online Grammar and usage 导学案-2024-2025学年高中英语译林版(2020)必修第三册

B3U3 Grammar and usage 动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 1. 动词的ing的基本构成 及物动词 不及物动词 主动 被动 主动 一般式 doing being done doing 完成式 having done having been done having done 一般式: doing (谓语动词同时发生) being done Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 完成式: having done having been done (谓语动词发生之前) We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 否定式: not + 动名词 动名词的形式: I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 被动式: He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 2. v-ing的功用 v-ing 相当于adj. adv. n.的功能,所以,在句中可以作:主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补足语 1. 作主语 Smoking does great harm to people’s health. Helping her is my duty. Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 与动词不定式作主语的区别。 (1)V-ing形式作主语,表示一般性、经常性的动作。 表示一次性的动作多用不定时。 Walking/To walk is a good form of exercise for both young and old. To walk there /Walking there is impossible. (2)不定式作主语常用it作形式主语,v-ing作主语常位于句首。只有某些习惯用语如no use, no good作表语用时,才用it作其他形式主语。 It is no good/use doing sth. It is a waste of time/money doing sth. It is great fun doing sth. It is no use watching too much TV. It is no good talking to him, because he never listens. (3)句子主语若是不定式,主语也用不定式;句子表语若是v-ing,主语也用v-ing。 To see is to believe./Seeing is believing. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 2. 作表语, 表抽象的,一般的行为,表主语的特征、性质和内容。 It sounds interesting. The book seems boring. My job is looking after children. 3. 作宾语,既可以作动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语。 She sat there without speaking. 以下动词或短语只v-ing形式作宾语: ①admit(承认), avoid(避免,躲避), appreciate(感激), consider(考虑), enjoy(享受,喜欢), escape(逃脱), finish(完成), keep doing(一直做), mind(介意), suggest(建议), delay(耽误), deny(否认), excuse(原谅), practice(练习), resist(抗拒)等动词。 I have finished reading the novel. Do you mind buying a dictionary for me on the Internet? The little boy admitted taking away the money in the drawer. She kept waving to her husband until he was out of sight. ②can’t help(禁不住), give up(放弃), feel like(想要), keep on(继续), think of(考虑), set about(着手,开始做), dream of(梦见,梦想), have difficulty/trouble (in)(做…有困难), be busy (in)(忙于), put off(推迟)等短语。 When my father heard the news, he couldn't help laughing. I don’t feel like going to see the film. He was busy (in) preparing his lessons. He kept on working until midnight though he was tied. ③在下列短语中,to是介词,后面应用v-ing作宾语。 be/get used to, look forward to, devote to, pay attention to, object to, get down to等。 I look forward to seeing him again. Are you used to living there alone? ④下列动词或短语,既可以跟v-ing作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。 表示经常性的行为后接v-ing; love, like, prefer, hate 表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。 I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim this afternoon. 但要注意,如果like, love, prefer前有would,后面择接动词不定式。 Would you like to go shopping with me? What would you prefer to eat tonight? ⑤接v-ing作宾语和动词不定式作宾语含义不同。 doing sth. 忘记已做过某事。 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 ⑥动词need, require, want作“需要”讲时,以及be worth其后用v-ing的主动形式表示被动意义。 Your coat wants washing.= Your coat wants to be washed. The method needs improving. This pair of shoes requires mending. The question is well worth discussing 4. 动词-ing形式作定语 作定语。动名词作定语,一般表示用途。如: a waiting room,a diving board,a reading room,a dining hall 动名词与现在分词作定语的区别: (1)现在分词作定语表动作,它与所修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,可改写成一个定语从句。 如果为单词,放在被修饰n之前,为短语,放在被修饰n之后。 如:a sleeping boy =a boy who is sleeping a developing country =a country which is developing (2)动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质,可改写成一个for的短语,两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 如:a washing machine = a mashine for washing a swimming pool = a pool for swimming He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗? We have got a swimming pool in our school. Do you know the boy standing at the gate? 5. 动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语,常常表示原因、时间、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①作时间状语,相当于when,while,since等引导的时间状语从句。 Hearing the bad news, they couldn't help crying. When they heard the bad news, they couldn't help crying. 当听到这个不幸的消息时,他们情不自禁地哭了起来。 ②作原因状语,相当于because,since,as等引导的原因状语从句。 Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it. Because he didn't understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it. 因为不理解这个问题,他问了老师。 Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him. As I don't know his address, I can't send this book to him. 因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他。 ③作条件状语。相当于if,unless等引导的条件状语从句。 Going straight down the road, you will find the department store. If you go straight down the road, you will find the department store. 顺着这条路一直走,你就会发现那家百货商店。 ④作结果状语常表示自然而然的结果。 People from all the corners came to the city center, making it very crowded. 各地的人们来到了市中心,这使市中心非常拥挤。 ⑤作方式或伴随状语。表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作,常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开,相当于并列句。 One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible. One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible. 一天晚上哈里给我打电话,要我尽快去他的公寓。 ⑥作让步状语。相当于though,although,even if等引导的让步状语从句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失。 6. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 ①动词-ing形式可在watch,see,hear,feel,find,notice,smell等表示感官和心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。 I felt my heart beating violently. 我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 ②动词-ing形式可在have,keep,set,get等表示“使”“让”的动词后作宾语补足语。 He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry. 他让灯亮了整晚,这使他父母很生气。 They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly. 他们使用电脑来使交通保持畅通无阻。 7. 作同位语: The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。 His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。 随堂练习 1.The park was full of people, _( enjoy) themselves in the sunshine. 2. A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those _( want) a good night's sleep. 3.As I was about to give up hope , a man_(drive) an old car came to help me. 4.Tom sat in the doctor's_ ( wait) room.There were many patients there. 5.When I was a child, going to hospital was a very_ (frighten) thing to me. 6.Listen! The song_ (sing) is very popular with the students. 7. _( face ) tough challenges,the Chinese women's volleyball team won the Olympic gold medal in Rio. 8.It rained heavily in the south,_( cause) serious flooding in several provinces. 9.On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, _( listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 10.This isn't as hard as it sounds, and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while_ ( read) an interesting piece of literature. 11._( work) in several countries, the young man seems to have the experience we're looking for. 12._(cover ) an area of over 4,000 square kilometers, Qinghai Lake is also the the biggest salt water lake in China. 13.When the little girl found so many people _(surround) her,she felt very nervous. 14._( know) all this,l still want to see it in person. 15. Consequently,she succeeded in making a kind of candy only_(use) natural sweeteners, which can reduce oral bacteria. 16._ (translate ) into English,the sentence has an entirely different word order. 17.Kids usually finish school at 3: 30 p.m.However, most parents work until 6:00 p.m.,_( make)it hard for them to pick their kids up. 18.—Mr Johnson,Im really sorry to have kept you _(wait) for a long time. —I know you are very busy at the moment. 19.When_( teach) English,whether to children or adults, you have to be very creative to keep their interest. 20. Don't leave the lights _( burn) all night. It will waste too much electricity. 21. 用所给词的适当形式填空 A. David had a car accident yesterday. He had made an appointment with his friend to see a 1_( move ) film. After 2._( finish ) his housework, he set off for the cinema by car. Since there was only 5 minutes 3. _( leave) before the movie started, he decided to give his friend a call.He drove so fast, 4. _( have) a chat with his friend on the phone, and a truck suddenly appeared from the side. Although 5._ ( become) a driver for years, he could not avoid the truck in time and hit it. Luckily, he didn't get hurt. B . Today I performed in the school play. 1 did a good job! 6._ (see) all my family and friends in the audience applaud me,I felt so confident and grateful. At first, the teacher was very strict, 7. _ ( make) me so nervous that I forgot my lines. I often stayed up late at night 8._ ( practise) my part. 9._ ( feel ) extremely discouraged, I almost gave up. But thanks to the support of my teacher and friends, I overcame my fears, 10. _ (know) that 1 did the best I could. As the saying goes, no pain, no gain. 2 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$