2025年人教2024版小升初衔接英语基础语法课程 名词课件

小初英语衔接课 Grammar 名词 Mr. Hou The Great Wall Confucius book family rice health 一、名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类： ​（一）专有名词 表示特定人、地点、机构等，首字母大写。例：China（中国）、Christmas（圣诞节）、the Great Wall（长城）。 ​（二）普通名词 ​ 个体名词：单个事物（book, apple） ​ 集体名词：群体（family, class） ​ 物质名词：无法独立分割的物质（water, rice） ​ 抽象名词：抽象概念（love, health）。 （三）可数性区分 可数名词：个体名词、集体名词（有单复数） 不可数名词：物质名词、抽象名词（无复数）。 orange juice 二、名词的数 ​（一）可数名词复数规则变化 1. 一般加 -s，如：book →books, car →cars 清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音或元音后读/z/。 two books three cars 2. 以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加 -es，如：box →boxes, watch →watches。发音为/ɪz/。 two boxes two watches 3. 以 ​辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 -es，如：baby →babies, city →cities。发音为/z/。 two babies many cities 4. 以 f/fe 结尾，变 f/fe 为 v 加 -es，如：knife →knives, leaf →leaves。发音为/vz/。 three knives two leaves 记忆顺口溜：妻子举刀护面包，狼追小偷子逃；半条换回生命保，叶子遮身藏得好！ 5. 以 o 结尾 有生命：tomato →tomatoes；无生命：photo →photos。发音为/z/。 five tomatoes two photos （二）不规则变化 ​1. 元音变化型（内部变形）​ man - men woman - women foot - feet tooth - teeth goose - geese mouse - mice 2.​ 特殊变形 child → children（孩子） ox → oxen（牛） child - children ox - oxen 3. 单复数同形（不变形）​ sheep - sheep Japanese - Japanese日本人 Swiss - Swiss瑞士人 deer - deer fish - fish 表种类时fishes Chinese - Chinese 4. 集体名词（常作复数）​ people（人们） police（警察） cattle（牛群） 注：这些词无单数形式，谓语动词用复数，如：The police are searching for the boy. 5. 常考易错补充 中日不变：Chinese/Japanese 英法变：Englishman → Englishmen；Frenchman → Frenchmen 其他加-s：German → Germans；American → Americans 6. 复合名词变形 son-in-law → sons-in-law（女婿） passer-by → passers-by（路人） grown-up → grown-ups（成年人） a glass of water four pieces of bread （三）不可数名词的量化 用 ​​“量词 + of”​ 结构：a glass of water（一杯水），four pieces of bread（两片面包）。 a glass of water four pieces of bread glass 玻璃杯 cup 杯 bowl 碗 basket 篮子 bottle 瓶子 can 罐 box 盒 常见的容器量词 22 a pair of scissors a pair of glasses a pair of shoes 1. 量词单复数变化 数词为1时，量词用单数，如：a bottle；数词≥2时，量词变复数，如：two bottles）。 2. 高频易错点 不可数名词本身不加复数，如： ❌ two breads ✅ two slices of bread。 3. 可数名词也可用量词量化 注意，不管量词是单数还是复数，可数名词需用复数，如a basket of bananas。 Tom’s toys 三、名词的所有格 ​（一）'s 所有格（有生命）​ 1. 单数名词 + ​’s，如Tom’s toys（汤姆的玩具） 2. 以 s 结尾的复数名词 + ​’，如teachers’ office（教师办公室） 不以 s 结尾的复数名词 + ​’s，如children’s toys（孩子们的玩具） ​ 3. 共有 vs 分别所有： 共有：Lucy and Lily’s beds（两人共有的床） 分别：Lucy’s and Lily’s beds（各自的床）。 Lucy and Lily’s bed Lucy’s and Lily’s beds a window of the house ​（二）of 所有格（无生命）​ 结构：名词 + of + 名词 the window of the room（房间的窗户） the name of the book（书名）。 ​（三）双重所有格 结构：a/an/数词 + 名词 + of + ’s所有格/名词性物主代词 a friend of my father’s（我父亲的一位朋友） some books of mine（我的一些书）。 双重所有格 vs 普通所有格 vs of 所有格 ​短语 ​侧重点 ​内容 ​所有权归属 ​Tom’s photo 上下文 不一定是汤姆 不明确，可能是其他人拍摄的Tom的肖像照 ​a photo of Tom 照片内容 汤姆本人 同上 ​a photo of Tom’s 所有权 + 全部中之一 不一定是汤姆 所有权属于汤姆 a photo of Tom 四、易错点精析 ​（一）集体名词的单复数 强调整体→单数：His family is large. 他的家族很大。 强调成员→复数：His family are watching TV. 家人正在看电视。 ​（二）不可数名词误加复数 错误：homeworks, advices 正确：a lot of homework, some advice。 ​（三）名词作定语的单复数 一般用单数：shoe shops（鞋店） two apple trees（两棵苹果树） 例外（man/woman 随主语变）：men doctors（男医生）。 ​​（四）“量词 + of” 结构的谓语一致 Two bottles of milk are on the table. 两瓶牛奶在桌上。 ​（五）the+姓的复数表示“……一家人” ​The Greens are having lunch together. 格林一家正在共进午餐。 Practice Practice 一、语法——名词 （一）写出下列可数名词的复数 bus ________ class ________ box ________ watch ________ brush ________ dish ________ city ________ family ________ story ________ lady ________ country ________ puppy ________ knife ________ leaf ________ wife ________ wolf ________ thief ________ tomato ________ potato ________ hero ________ photo ________ piano ________ child ________ foot ________ man ________ woman ________ sheep ________ fish ________ baby ________ fly ________ Chinese ________ buses classes boxes watches brushes dishes cities families stories ladies countries puppies knives leaves wives wolves thieves tomatoes potatoes heroes photos pianos children feet men women sheep fish babies flies Chinese 38 （二）单句填空 用所给名词的正确形式。 Look! Five ___________ (fox) are playing together. The ___________ (children) toys are all over the floor. I need three ___________ (bottle) of orange juice. There is some ___________ (rice) left in the pot. This is ________________ (Tom and Jerry) favorite cartoon. She bought four ___________ (tomato) at the market. We saw a group of _________ (sheep) in the field. These are ___________ (student) notebooks. How many _________ (baby) are in the nursery(婴儿室)? There are hundreds of _________ (fish) in the aquarium(水族馆). foxes children’s bottles rice Tom and Jerry’s tomatoes sheep students’ babies fish （三）单项选择 ( ) 1. —Do you like ______? —No, I like ______. A. apple; banana B. apples; bananas C. an apple; bananas ​( ) 2. Look! Some ______ are flying in the sky. A. bird B. birds C. a bird ( ) 3. ​I want to buy two ______ for the soup. A. tomatoes B. tomatos C. tomato ( ) 4. ​There are many ______ in the zoo. A. sheep B. sheeps C. a sheep ( ) 5. ​The baby has two new ______. A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths ( ) 6. ​I’d like ______ for breakfast. A. some milk B. a milk C. milks B B A A B A ( ) 7. ​How much ______ do you need? A. oranges B. orange C. orange’s ( ) 8. ​Can you pass me ______? A. two papers B. a piece of paper C. a paper ( ) 9. ​This is ______ room. They share it. A. Lucy and Lily's B. Lucy's and Lily's C. Lucy and Lil ( ) 10. ​These are the ______ books. A. student’s B. students’ C. students ( ) 11. ​She is a friend of ______. A. my sister B. my sister’s C. my sisters ( ) 12. ​His family ______ watching TV now. A. is B. are C. am ( ) 13. ​The class ______ discussing the project. A. is B. are C. was B B A B B B B ( ) 14. ​We visited ______ last summer. A. the Great Wall B. Great Wall C. a Great Wall ( ) 15. ​______ is in autumn in China. A. Mid-Autumn Festival B. The Mid-Autumn Festival C. A Mid-Autumn Festival ( ) 16. ​The ______ is too heavy. A. box of books B. boxes of book C. box of book ( ) 17. ​These ______ are sweet. A. banana B. bananas C. a banana A B A B ( ) 18. ​They are at ______ now. A. the Black’s B. the Blacks’ C. Blacks ( ) 19. ​I need ______ to write. A. some papers B. a paper C. a piece of paper ( ) 20. ​This shop has many ______ bags. A. woman B. woman’s C. women B C C （四）单句改错（每句一处错误）​ She has three childs. __________________________________ There are many peoples in the park. __________________________________ This is Toms bag. __________________________________ I need some advices. __________________________________ The womans bags are red. __________________________________ She has three children. There are many people in the park. This is Tom’s bag. I need some advice. The women bags are red. （五）句型转换 1. There are some students in the room. （变否定句） There __________ __________ some students in the room. 2. I have two apples. （变一般疑问句） ________ ________ have two apples? 3. He has two bottles of water. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ bottles of water does he have? 4. He has two bottles of water. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ water does he have? aren’t any Do you How many How much 5. He has two bottles of water. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ he have? 6. 这条街上有很多书店。（完成译句） There are many ________ ________ in this street. 7. 她想要买两袋米。（完成译句） She wants to buy two __________ __________ rice. 8. water / glasses / three / of / there / are / on / table / the /. （连词成句） What does book stores bags of There are three glasses of water on the table. $$