Unit 1 Back to School 重点词汇归纳 清单--2025-2026学年高一英语译林版（2020）必修第一册

学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 1 · 1. potential adj. 可能的；潜在的 n. 潜力；可能性 have the potential for (doing) sth. 有（做）某事的可能性/潜力 People who do not smoke have less potential for suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke. have the potential to do sth. 有潜力做某事 Please remember: everyone has the potential to contribute something to the group. [词形转换] 1）potentially adv. 潜在地；可能地 I honestly don’t know how I will react the next time I meet a potentially dangerous situation. · 2. senior adj. 级别（或地位）高的；年长的 n. 级别（或地位）较高者 be senior to sb. 比某人年长；比某人级别（或地位）高 He is senior to me in our company. be…year(s) senior to sb. 比某人年长…岁 = be senior to sb by…year(s) He is five years senior to me. = He is senior to me by five years. · 3. challenge 1）n. 挑战 meet a challenge (of…) 迎接（…的）挑战 Have you got ready to meet the challenge of dealing with problems all on your own ? accept/ take up/ rise to a challenge 接受挑战，迎战 I’m very confident and always ready to accept/ take up/ rise to any challenge. 2）v. 怀疑；向…挑战 challenge sb. (to sth.) 向某人挑战（某事） I can’t stand him challenging me to a game of Chinese chess. challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 [词形转换] 1）challenging adj. 挑战性的 2）challenger n.（体育活动或政治的）挑战者 · 4. positive adj. 积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的；阳性的 [反：negative] be positive about… 对…有信心/积极乐观 She tried to be more positive about her new job. · 5. lie in 存在；在于 The problem lies in deciding when to intervene. · 6. rise to ① 能够处理，有能力处理（突发情况、问题等） Luckily, my mother rose to the occasion. ② 上当；上钩；进圈套 I refuse to rise to that sort of comment. · 7. effort n. 努力 make an/ every effort (to do sth.) 尽力（做某事）= make efforts (to do sth.) The school clubs are making every effort to attract more students. in an effort to do sth. 为了做某事 The company has employed another 150 workers in an effort to expand business. with effort 努力地 without effort 毫不费力地 spare no effort (to do sth.) 不遗余力（做某事） Everyone in my class spares no effort on their study, preparing for the College Entrance Examination. · 8. advance ① n. 前进；发展 make an advance in/ make advances in… 在…方面取得进展 With the help of his English teacher, he has made great advances in his spoken English. in advance 提前（ahead of time） I’d appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. in advance of 在…前 ② 前进；发展 [词形转换] 1）advanced adj. 高级的；高等的；先进的 · 9. amazing adj. 令人惊奇的；令人惊喜的 [词形转换] 1）amazed adj. 大为惊讶 be amazed at/ by 对…大为惊讶 I was amazed at her knowledge of French literature. be amazed to do sth. 因做某事很惊讶 be amazed that… 对…惊讶 I was banging so loudly. I was amazed (that) they didn’t hear me. 2）amazement n. 惊讶 to one’s amazement 令某人惊讶的是 3）amaze vt. 使惊奇 4）amazingly adv. 令人惊讶地 · 10. confidence n. 自信 have confidence in… 对…有信心 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices. with confidence 自信地；有信心地 He answered the question with confidence. [词形转换] 1）confidently adv. 自信地 2）confident adj. 自信的；有把握的 be confident of/ about… 确信…对…有把握 Your encouragement made me more confident of my future. be confident that… 确信…;对…有把握 He is confident (that) he will make great progress if he concentrates on his study. · 11. made a difference (to) 对…有影响 The rain didn’t make much difference to the game. · 12. make the most of 充分利用，尽情享受 We need to learn to make the most of time. · 13. take advantage of 利用 She took (full) advantage of the children’s absence to tidy their rooms. · 14. goal n. 1）目标；目的 set a goal 设定目标 Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. achieve/ reach/ attain one’s goal 实现某人的目标 Lucy has achieved all of the goals she set for herself at senior high school. 2）球门；射门；进球得分 score/ kick/ get/ make a goal 得分 Half an hour later, they finally scored/ kicked a goal. · 15. balance 1）n. 平衡；天平 keep a balance between…and… 保持…与…之间的平衡 keep one’s balance 保持平衡 I struggled to keep my balance on my skates. lose one’s balance 失去平衡 I lost my balance when I climbed the ladder and fell to the ground. out of balance 失去平衡 2）v. 使保持平衡；抵消 balance…against… 权衡…与… You have to balance the advantages against the disadvantages of doing so. [词形转换] 1）balanced adj. 均衡的 2）imbalance n. 不平衡 · 16. character n. 文字；符号；角色；性格；品质；特点 in character 符合…的性格 We are good friends and we are much alike in character. out of character 不符合…的性格 in character (with sth.)（与…）风格相同 · 17. responsible adj. 负责的；有责任心的 be responsible for… 对…负责 A government, which is responsible for society, must get across to its people how important the environmental preservation is. a responsible person 可信赖的人，可靠的人 a person responsible 负责人，主管人 [词形转换] 1）response n. 回答；答复；反应 in response (to…)（对…的）回答/反应 In response to the audience’s great demand, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week. make a response to sth. 对某事做出回应 2）respond v. 回答；回应 respond to… 回答…；对…做出反应 Knowing basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. 3）responsibility n. 责任 take responsibility for… 承担…的责任 We need to take responsibility for our own health. · 18. junior 1）adj. 地位（或职位）低下的；年少的 be junior to sb. 比某人级别低/资历浅/年纪小 Jack is junior to the others in the department, but he has a greater goal. be…year(s) junior to sb. 比某人小…岁 2）n. 职位较低者；（体育运动中）青少年 · 19. focus 1）v. 集中（精力、注意力等）；（使）调节焦距 focus on/ upon 把镜头对准…；集中/专注/聚焦于 Cellphones are forbidden to help students focus on their study. focus one’s attention on/ upon 集中某人的注意力 It is hard for children to focus their minds on one thing for a long time. 2）n. 中心；重点；焦点；关注 come into focus/ bring… into fucus 成为焦点/使…成为焦点 Health and environment problems have increasingly been brought into focus. in focus（照片、相机等）焦点对准；清晰 out of focus（照片、相机等）焦点没有对准；不清晰 · 20. detail 1）n. 细节；详情 go into detail(s) 详细叙述；逐一说明 He didn’t want to go into details about all the events that had happened those days. in detail 详细地 Planning is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do. 2）v. 详细说明 detail sth. to sb. 向某人详述某事 [词形转换] 1）detailed adj. 详细的 · 21. base ① vt. 以…为据点；以…为基础 base…on/ upon 以…为基础/根据 What are you basing this theory on ? ② 地步；根据 at the base of… 在…底部 [词形转换] 1）based adj. 以…为基础的 be based on/ upon 以…为基础 The movie is based on a real-life incident. 2）basis n. 基础；准则 on the basis of 在…的基础上 3）basic adj. 基础的；初级的 · 22. remind v. 提醒；使想起 remind sb. of/ about sth. 提醒某人某事 Remind me about it nearer the time. remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 This song reminded me of my childhood. remind sb. (not) to do 提醒某人（不）做某事 A noticeboard has been put up to remind people to protect the trees. remind sb. that… [词形转换] 1）reminder n. 提醒 · 23. stick (…) to 粘住 Her wet clothes were sticking to her body. 贴；粘；黏 He stuck the note to his notebook. 坚持，遵守 One problem is that few people can stick to a healthy diet for long. stick to one’s word 信守诺言 stick to one’s story 坚守原来的说法 [归纳拓展] stick 1）v. ① 刺；插；戳 The nurse stuck the needle into my arm. ② 粘贴；粘住 He stuck a stamp on the envelope. ④ 卡住，陷住 be stuck in 被困住；被卡住 The key has stuck in the lock. 2）n. 纸条；棍子 · 24. proposal n. 提议，建议 make a proposal (to do/ for sth.) 提出（…的）建议 draw up a proposal 起草提案 [词形转换] 1）propose v. 提议，建议（较正式） ① 提议，建议（较正式） propose (doing) sth. 提议（做）某事 He proposed changing the name of the company. It is proposed that… 据提议… It was proposed that the president be elected for a period of two years. ② 打算；计划 propose to do/ doing 打算做某事 What do you propose to do now ? ③ 求婚 propose to sb. 向某人求婚 = propose sth. (to sb.) She proposed to me. ④ 提供 propose a toast (to sb.)（为某人）祝酒 · 25. aim 1）v. ① 力求达到，力争做到 aim at/ for sth. 努力争取某物 aim to do/ aim at doing 力求做某事 ② 目的是，旨在；针对 be aimed at (doing) sth. 目的是（做）某事 be aimed at sb. 针对某人 ③ 瞄准，对准 aim (sth.) at sb./ sth.（把某物）瞄准某人/某物 He aimed his toy gun at the target, but missed it. 2）n. 目标；目的 with the aim of… 为了… = for the purpose of… She visited the school with the aim of seeing the library. · 26. exchange 1）v. 交换；兑换 exchange A for B 用A换取B You can exchange your pounds for dollars in the hotel. exchange sth. with sth. 和某人交换/交流某事 I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager. 2）n. 交换；兑换 in exchange (for…) 作为（对…）的交换 They sold eggs in exchange for salt and tea. · 27. host 1）v. 主办；主持；组织 host a party 举办派对 2）n. 主人；东道主；节目主持人 play host to… 接待…；款待… They are playing host to a group of visiting scientists. host family 寄宿家庭 · 28. alarm v. 使惊恐，使害怕 n. 恐慌；警报；闹钟 in alarm 惊恐地 All of a sudden, a loud noise came from downstairs, making Ellie cry out in alarm. raise/ sound the alarm 发出警报 I knocked on all the doors to raise the alarm. [词形转换] 1）alarming adj. 惊人的；使人惊恐的 We’re all heard that the global temperature is rising at an alarming rate. 2）alarmed adj. 惊恐的 be alarmed at/ by 因某事而担心 · 29. attract v. 吸引 attract sb. to sth. 把某人吸引到某事上 be attracted to 喜爱；被…吸引 My youngest sister is attracted to music and dreams of becoming a musician. be attracted by 被…吸引 Many people have been attracted by the idea of working in China. attract one’s attention/ interest 吸引某人注意力 He shouted to attract public attention. [词形转换] 1）attraction n. 吸引 have much attraction for 对…很有吸引力 2）attractive adj. 有吸引力的 be attractive to 对…有吸引力 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$