2025年时文阅读87 专练-2026届高考英语一轮复习专项

2025年时文阅读87 Passage 1 Extreme heat and other issues lead to a rice shortage in Japan “吃米大国”日本为何闹“米荒”？ 词数 390  建议阅读时间 7分钟 Rice is a daily staple (主食) for many, but do you know how much it costs at your local supermarket? According to official data, in May, the average rice price in China was 3.7 to 3.9 yuan per kilogram. In contrast, the rice price in Japan rose to about 43 yuan per kilogram – more than twice as high as it was during the same period in 2024, Xinhua reported on May 25. On May 21, Japan’s Agriculture Minister Taku Eto even resigned (辞职) after saying he “never had to buy rice” because supporters gifted it to him. The comment seemed completely disconnected (脱节的) from the struggles of ordinary people who find rice hard to afford, noted AP News. The rice shortage in Japan began when extreme heat in the summer of 2023 damaged the crops. Since rice is only harvested once a year in Japan and stored (储存) for later use, the effects of the extreme heat have lasted until now, according to The Economist. Another reason is “panic buying (抢购) due to rumors (传闻) of a mega-earthquake,” as Australian economist Tim Harcourt told Qatar-based Al Jazeera television. He also noted that the recent increase in tourists to Japan has raised demand for rice in hotels and restaurants. Meanwhile, there is a deeper reason: Japan’s Acreage Reduction Policy (減反政策). CCTV reported that after Japan’s defeat in World War II, the US occupation brought in food aid and encouraged a shift in diets from rice to more bread and noodles, which lowered rice demand.u In response, the government began cutting rice production by 100,000 tons each year starting in 1970. Though the policy officially ended in 2018, the reductions (减产) have continued. This is because rice behaves differently from other goods: Even if production increases and prices fall, people don’t eat more of it. For farmers, this means the more they grow, the less they earn, so they usually don’t expand (扩大) the land used to grow rice. Despite the crisis, the Japanese government has been delaying (推迟) the release of emergency rice reserves. By May 23, only 10 percent of the released rice had reached the market. Stores are limiting customers to one bag of rice per visit. Some retailers (零售商) are also turning to imports. However, Japanese shoppers usually prefer the taste of domestic (国内的) rice, according to AP News.  1. How does the author introduce Japan’s rice issue in the first paragraph? A. By making comparisons. B. By presenting different views. C. By expressing personal concern. D. By quoting agricultural officials. 2. What was the initial cause of Japan’s rice shortage? A. A rise in rice exports. B. Heat-related crop failure. C. Increased demand from tourists. D. Panic buying due to disaster rumors. 3. Why have Japanese rice farmers continued reducing production after 2018? A. They prefer to grow other crops. B. More production brings lower profits. C. Imported rice is cheaper than local rice. D. Demand for rice continues to decline each year. 4. What is the article mainly about? A. Changes in Japanese food culture. B. The history of Japan’s rice policies. C. Challenges in solving Japan’s rice crisis. D. The reasons behind Japan’s rice shortage. Passage 2 Barbie’s footwear evolution reflects societal change 芭比娃娃脱下了她们的高跟鞋！ 词数 316    建议阅读时间    6分钟 In the 2023 movie Barbie (《芭比》), there’s a scene where Barbie looks shocked and strange when she steps out of her high heels and onto flat feet.v For Cylie Williams, a foot expert at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, that moment gave her the idea for a new study. Together with her team, Williams looked at the feet of 2,750 Barbie dolls released from 1959 to last June and found that Barbie’s feet had changed from standing on tiptoes for high heels to having flat feet for flat shoes. For the first 30 years, Barbie always came from the factory on tiptoes, like a fashion model. But starting in 1990, flat-footed Barbies began to appear. As Barbie started trying new jobs, like working at McDonald’s or digging for dinosaur bones as a paleontologist (古生物学家), she began wearing more practical flat shoes. “In the 1960s, all Barbies tiptoed around, but by the 2020s, only 40 percent did,” the researchers wrote in their study. In an email to The New York Times, Barbie’s maker, the toy company Mattel, said the change in foot shape was a planned part of Barbie’s development. For the researchers, it also shows how society is changing. “There were jobs, like air hostesses (空姐) and banking staff, where women had to wear high heels as part of the uniform,” Williams told The Guardian. But now, many women choose their shoes based on comfort, practicality and personal style. This freedom doesn’t mean people should stop wearing high heels. While high heels can hurt, there is no clear proof that they directly cause common foot pain. According to Williams, women should feel free to pick the shoes that fit each moment in life just like Barbie. “Barbie clearly has [bodily] autonomy (自主权) so should everyone else,” said Helen Banwell, another researcher, in a statement from Australia’s Monash University. 1. What in the 2023 movie Barbie inspired Cylie Williams to conduct her study? A. Barbie’s new jobs. B. Barbie’s changing fashion style. C. Barbie’s pain from wearing high heels. D. Barbie’s shock at standing on flat feet. 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A. Why Barbie’s shoes changed. B. How Barbie’s feet changed over time. C. Barbie’s career choices since 1959. D. The growing popularity of Barbie.  3. What does the change in Barbie’s foot shape reflect? A. Fashion industry trends. B. Mattel’s marketing strategy. C. Society’s changing standards. D. Children’s personal preferences. 4. What do the researchers suggest about shoe choice? A. Flat shoes are safer than heels. B. Comfort matters more than style. C. Shoes should match the occasion. D. People should choose shoes freely.  Passage 3 New tiles will protect shores across Miami 特制砖块促进海岸生态修复 词数 317  建议阅读时间    6分钟 Morningside Park in Miami, on the east coast of the US, will soon start a new project to improve the environment. Our team has developed BIOCAP tiles (砖) using 3D printing, which will be installed (安装) on the existing seawall there this year. With their unique design, these tiles will help deal with rising sea levels and bring back nature along the coastline. Seawalls are usually made with concrete (混凝土) to prevent waves from eroding (侵蚀) the land and flooding people’s homes. They usually range from about 1.8 to 3 meters in height. However, traditional seawalls can harm the environment. Their flat surfaces take away the habitat areas that marine organisms (生物) depend on. These organisms help keep the water clear and clean by filtering out extra nutrients and pollutants. For example, an adult oyster (牡蛎) can filter 75 to 190 liters of water daily. BIOCAP tiles are designed with lines, cracks and small pockets. These features copy natural coastline conditions and create tiny homes for marine creatures. The swirling (旋涡) patterns also increase the total surface area, so that the organisms have more space to use. In addition, shaded spots on the tiles provide cooler micro-environments, supporting life as more heat events happen due to climate change. Another benefit of the tiles is that they can better reduce the impact of waves. When waves hit a natural coastline, their energy is gradually taken in by uneven surfaces and plants. However, when waves strike vertical (垂直的) concrete seawalls, the energy is reflected right back into the water. This reflection can amplify wave action, make erosion worse at the base of the wall and create more dangerous conditions during storms. The tiles’ shapes are based on how water behaves with different surfaces at high and low tide. Some tiles curve (弯曲) inward while others outward, and they are placed at different heights along the seawall. This results in surfaces that spread out wave energy by copying the natural way it fades on untouched shorelines. Sara Pezeshk, doctoral candidate, and Shahin Vassigh, professor at Florida International University, US 1. What is a major goal of the BIOCAP tile project? A. To reduce coastal pollution. B. To rebuild damaged seawalls. C. To improve shoreline ecology. D. To promote urban development. 2. What is a disadvantage of traditional seawalls? A. They lack habitat structures for sea life. B. They take up too much shoreline. C. They raise seawater temperatures. D. They fail to maintain water quality. 3. What does the underlined word “amplify” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A. To increase the strength of something. B. To change the direction of movement. C. To block something from spreading. D. To reduce the speed of something. 4. How do BIOCAP tiles help reduce wave impact? A. By reflecting waves back into the ocean.  B. By featuring swirls at different heights. C. By growing plants on their surface. D. By copying patterns from shorelines. Passage 4 词数 361  建议阅读时间   7分钟 Why is it important to follow rules and take turns, even if you don’t want to? My father taught me to drive almost 40 years ago. I still hear him sometimes. “Watch who gets there first,” he says. “In case of a tie (同时到达), yield to the car on the right.” Dad loved four-way stops. He saw them as proof that humans could behave rationally (理性地) for everyone’s benefit. I still feel nervous as I come to one, cars moving forward, drivers impatient. I know the rules, but it’s always a discussion. You have to be alert (警惕的) and civil. Letting someone go ahead feels like a favor. But it’s through these small acts of kindness that everyone gets where they need to go. To Dad, four-way stops were civilization in miniature (缩影). Respecting others’ humanity in a car is an act of self-control. When Dad was teaching me, I remember stalling (熄火) in a busy roundabout (环岛), looking anxiously in the rear-view mirror (后视镜). “Don’t worry about them,” Dad said. No one honked (按喇叭). Today, everyone’s in a hurry. Now, I stop at the white line and wonder if I should let a nervous student driver go first. If they wait too long, I expect to hear a horn. Dad believed people want to do right, but that depends on a shared sense of fairness. When kindness is seen as weakness, all bets are off. “Civilization is a thin veneer (表面装饰),” he’d say. I think civil society is more like chemistry: everywhere, but also local. At any one place, it’s weak. But behind the wheel, I’m not powerless. I can uphold the bond here at the four-way stop. This bond isn’t just politeness. It’s the belief that helping others doesn’t cost us. Dad’s lesson was that everyone succeeds when we all move forward, not just a lucky few. One day, the power went out and the traffic lights went dark. Our busy intersection (交叉路口) became a sudden four-way stop. It tested how well drivers knew the rules. Dad would have loved it. He never gave up his driver’s license; he let it run out.  I wish he were here beside me, reminding me not to worry about the drivers behind, to yield when I should, and to go when it’s my turn. How I miss him. 1. What did the author’s father see four-way stops as? A. A test of human patience. B. A sign of polite social behavior. C. A tool for managing heavy traffic. D. A model of rational cooperation.  2. Why does the author mention stalling at a busy roundabout? A. To describe the traffic situation. B. To imply his fear of roundabouts. C. To show his father’s driving skills. D. To stress the change in people’s behavior. 3. What does the author suggest about civil society? A. It fades in busy cities. B. It depends on individual actions. C. It is weak and rarely needed. D. It grows through urban planning. 4. What lesson did the father try to teach through driving? A. Following rules is extremely important. B. Driving skills reflect true character. C. Helping others benefits everyone. D. True kindness requires strong control. Passage 5 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 An event marking this year’s Chinese Language Day 1.________(hold) on May 8 in London, bringing 100 students from six schools across the United Kingdom 2.________(celebrate) Chinese language and culture. The event, 3.________(theme) “Chinese Language: A Gift Across Time and Space”, featured eight workshops highlighting a 4.________(various) of aspects of Chinese culture, including characters, calligraphy, poetry, martial arts and opera masks. The activities blended traditional customs 5.________ modern elements, ranging from woodblock printing to virtual reality experiences. “Learning Chinese is challenging, but also extremely fun and exciting. It has helped me to better understand Chinese culture, 6.________ is different from the cultures I’ve experienced before,” said Noah Eskinazi-Nehme, a student who 7.________(study) Chinese for almost two years at the City of London School and celebrates Spring Festival with his family each year. He wants to visit China one day to improve his language skills 8.________(far) while exploring the country’s diverse landscapes and seeing pandas. He also hopes his future career path will keep him “9.________(connect) to China”. Along with workshops, students performed Chinese songs, posed for photos with a panda mascot (吉祥物) and received souvenirs. Patrick Adamson, deputy head teacher of Calday Grange Grammar School, said that learning Chinese enables students to “engage with China not just as a concept 10.________ as a living, dynamic culture” and “foster curiosity, empathy (同理心) and respect for global perspectives”. 参考答案 Passage 1 1-4 ABBD Passage 2 1-4 DBCD Passage 3 1-4 CAAD Passage 4 1-4 DDBC Passage 5 1. was held      2. to celebrate  3. themed  4. variety   5. with 6. which    7. has studied/has been studying   8. further      9. connected     10. but 答案详解 Passage 1 1. 答案：A 解析：第一段通过对比中国大米价格（3.7-3.9 元 / 公斤）与日本大米价格（约 43 元 / 公斤），突出日本大米价格飙升的问题，采用了 “作比较” 的手法。B（呈现不同观点）、C（表达个人担忧）、D（引用农业官员）均未体现，因此 A 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：第三段明确指出 “The rice shortage in Japan began when extreme heat in the summer of 2023 damaged the crops”，即极端高温导致作物受损是最初原因。A（大米出口增加）未提及；C（游客需求增加）和 D（灾难传闻引发抢购）是后续因素，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：第五段提到 “the more they grow, the less they earn”，即产量增加会导致利润下降，因此农民在 2018 年后继续减产。A（偏好种植其他作物）、C（进口大米更便宜）未提及；D（需求持续下降）与原文 “即使产量增加价格下降，人们也不会多吃” 不符，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：D 解析：文章主要分析了日本大米短缺的原因：极端高温、抢购、游客需求增加、减反政策的长期影响等。A（饮食文化变化）、B（大米政策历史）、C（解决危机的挑战）均为局部内容，并非核心，因此 D 正确。 Passage 2 1. 答案：D 解析：第一段提到 “that moment gave her the idea for a new study”，其中 “that moment” 指电影中芭比脱下高跟鞋、踩在平底上的震惊场景，因此 D 正确。A（新工作）、B（时尚风格变化）、C（穿高跟鞋的痛苦）均非直接灵感来源。 1. 答案：B 解析：第三段对比了 1959-1990 年芭比踮脚穿高跟鞋，到后来出现平底脚，说明脚部随时间的变化，因此 B 正确。A（原因）、C（职业选择）、D（流行度）均非该段核心。 1. 答案：C 解析：第四段提到 “it also shows how society is changing”，即脚部变化反映社会标准的转变（如女性从必须穿高跟鞋到更注重舒适），因此 C 正确。A（时尚趋势）、B（营销战略）、D（儿童偏好）均不符合。 1. 答案：D 解析：最后一段研究者认为 “women should feel free to pick the shoes that fit each moment”，即自由选择鞋子，因此 D 正确。A（平底鞋更安全）、B（舒适比风格重要）、C（鞋子需匹配场合）均非核心观点。 Passage 3 1. 答案：C 解析：第一段指出 BIOCAP tiles 的设计旨在 “deal with rising sea levels and bring back nature along the coastline”，核心目标是改善海岸生态，因此 C 正确。A（减少污染）、B（重建海堤）、D（促进城市发展）均非主要目的。 1. 答案：A 解析：第二段提到传统海堤 “flat surfaces take away the habitat areas that marine organisms depend on”，即缺乏海洋生物的栖息地，因此 A 正确。B（占用过多海岸）、C（升高海水温度）未提及；D（无法维持水质）与原文 “organisms help keep the water clear” 逻辑相反，故排除。 1. 答案：A 解析：第四段提到波浪撞击垂直混凝土海堤时，能量被反射回水中，“this reflection can amplify wave action”，结合后文 “make erosion worse” 可推知，“amplify” 意为 “增强”，因此 A 正确。B（改变方向）、C（阻止扩散）、D（降低速度）均不符合语境。 1. 答案：D 解析：第五段说明瓷砖形状 “copying the natural way it fades on untouched shorelines”，通过模仿自然海岸线的形态分散波浪能量，因此 D 正确。A（反射波浪）是传统海堤的特点；B（不同高度的旋涡）、C（表面种植植物）未提及，故排除。 Passage 4 1. 答案：D 解析：第三段提到父亲将四路停车视为 “proof that humans could behave rationally for everyone’s benefit”，即理性合作的典范，因此 D 正确。A（耐心测试）、B（礼貌行为标志）、C（管理交通的工具）均未体现核心含义。 1. 答案：D 解析：第五段对比了过去在环岛熄火时无人按喇叭，与现在 “everyone’s in a hurry”，通过前后行为变化突出社会心态的转变，因此 D 正确。A（描述交通状况）、B（暗示对环岛的恐惧）、C（展示父亲的驾驶技巧）均非目的。 1. 答案：B 解析：第七段提到 “behind the wheel, I’m not powerless. I can uphold the bond here”，即文明社会依赖个人的行动维护，因此 B 正确。A（在繁忙城市消失）、C（薄弱且无需）、D（通过城市规划发展）均不符合。 1. 答案：C 解析：第八段指出 “everyone succeeds when we all move forward”，即帮助他人最终对所有人有益，这是父亲的核心教训，因此 C 正确。A（遵守规则重要）、B（驾驶技巧反映性格）、D（善意需要自控）均非核心。 Passage 5 1. was held 解析：事件被举办，用被动语态；时间为 5 月 8 日，用一般过去时。 1. to celebrate 解析：bring sb. to do sth. 结构，表目的。 1. themed 解析：过去分词作定语，修饰 event，表 “以…… 为主题”。 1. variety 解析：固定搭配 a variety of，表 “多种”。 1. with 解析：blend...with... 意为 “将…… 与…… 融合”。 1. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代 Chinese culture，作主语。 1. has studied/has been studying 解析：for almost two years 表明用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。 1. further 解析：表 “进一步提高”，用比较级。 1. connected 解析：keep + 宾语 + 过去分词，表 “保持联系的状态”。 1. but 解析：not just...but... 固定搭配，表 “不仅…… 而且……”。以上是各篇阅读的答案详解，涵盖了每道题的解题思路和原文依据。若你对某些解析有疑问，或想进一步简化表述，欢迎随时告知。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$