2025年时文阅读88 专练-2026届高考英语一轮复习专项

2025年时文阅读88 Passage 1 Building high-speed rail in the US is slowed by systemic issues 美国高铁为什么发展缓慢？ 词数 370 建议阅读时间   7分钟 Amtrak, the national rail service in the US, is preparing its NextGen Acela trains to hit the tracks on the Northeast Corridor, the busiest train route (线路) in the US, reported The Independent on May 23. These trains can go as fast as 160 miles (about 257 kilometers) per hour, and people hope this will lead to more high-speed trains across the country. Even though the US is the world’s largest economy, it is still slow in high-speed rail development. While the country has more than 5,000 public airports, it does not have any true high-speed railways. One major reason is old infrastructure (基础设施). Most of the current US railway network was built in the 19th century, especially between the 1830s and 1890s, said the Association of American Railroads. For example, the Northeast Corridor has tracks with many aging tunnels (隧道) and bridges and sharp curves. The freight (货运) traffic on it is also very busy. As a result, the route cannot support trains traveling over 200 miles per hour, explained Popular Mechanics. Fixing these old tracks needs a lot of money. Amtrak wants to rebuild the Northeast Corridor by 2038, a plan that is estimated to cost 176 billion dollars (about 1.27 trillion yuan), according to The Architect’s Newspaper. Long-term public funding is key to making such projects possible.  However, unlike air travel and other types of transportation, high-speed rail in the US doesn’t have its own special funding source. This means projects can be delayed (推迟) or canceled because of yearly budget (预算) changes, says a Congressional Research Service report published on Congress.gov. The Buy America rule is another challenge. First created in 1982, it requires all rail-related infrastructure using federal funds – such as tracks and train cars – to be made in the US. This often slows things down and increases costs, because American-made parts are usually more expensive and US factories can’t produce as much, according to Energy and Environment News. Car culture also plays a big role. “We’re a very car-addicted nation,” Will Doig, a US rail journalist, told the BBC. “There are lots of people who just don’t think we need it (a high-speed rail system), or don’t really want it coming through their area.”  1. Based on the article, what can we learn about NextGen Acela trains? A. They run on a newly built national route. B. They can reach speeds of up to 257 miles per hour. C. Their service is primarily focused on freight traffic. D. They may help develop a broader high-speed rail network. 2. Why does the author mention the Northeast Corridor in paragraph 3? A. To show where true high-speed rail is possible. B. To illustrate the limitations of old railway systems.  C. To give an example of a failed high-speed rail project. D. To highlight the role of government funding in rail projects. 3. How does the Buy America rule affect high-speed rail projects in the US? A. It lowers the quality of key parts. B. It limits innovation in railway design. C. It causes delays and increases costs. D. It boosts factory’s output and efficiency. 4. What can be inferred about Americans’ attitudes toward high-speed rail? A. People prioritize low-cost travel over speed. B. Some communities protest against rail projects. C. The US’ strong car culture reduces interest in trains. D. Environmental concerns slow down development. Passage 2 Fan Shengnan turns famous buildings into edible art “90后”女孩用巧克力“复刻”中外建筑 词数 352  建议阅读时间 6分钟 You may all know the Eiffel Tower in Paris and Hogwarts Castle from Harry Potter. But can you imagine turning these famous buildings into desserts? Fan Shengnan, a 30-year-old food vlogger from Jilin province, did just that. Driven by her love for food, Fan launched her account on Bilibili in 2019, where she uses materials like chocolate and fondant (翻糖) to turn all kinds of architecture into desserts.  “I start by making a design plan to determine the sizes of each part of the building. Next, I make different molds (模具) using methods like 3D printing. I then use these molds to shape chocolate into different building parts and put them together to create edible (可食用的) architecture,” Fan said. Fan has made creative use of everyday objects to create her buildings, such as pipes of different sizes. When she made Hogwarts Castle, she poured melted chocolate into the water pipes to make different towers. For her cookie castle, she baked cookies shaped like half-moons and then stuck two together to make round towers. “Cookies are usually flat, but I turned metal pipes into my baking trays (烤盘) and baked curved cookies,” Fan said. One of Fan’s biggest works  is Haiyan Hall from Yuanmingyuan Park. Since the hall was destroyed a long time ago, the only thing Fan had to use as a reference was a picture from the Yuanmingyuan Museum.  “I found out information like the size of the hall and the statues around it based solely on that picture,” Fan said.  To turn the statues into chocolate, Fan shaped many clay statues and covered them with silica gel (硅胶). After a while, she took the statues out of the gel molds and poured melted chocolate into the molds. Though it took Fan over six months to complete the hall, her efforts have paid off. After sharing the video on her Bilibili account, it has garnered (获得) over 6 million views. Fan also feels that making the hall has deepened her understanding of Chinese architectural art.  “I want to keep working on architectural projects and create dessert replicas (复制品) of Chinese cultural relics,” she said. Fan has also worked hard to breathe life into her architecture. To make Qinian Hall at the Temple of Heaven, she read books and visited the hall to study its inspiring architecture. For example, the four central pillars (柱子) in the hall represent the four seasons. Similarly, for the backyard from the TV series My Own Swordsman (《武林外传》), Fan carefully studied photographs, mixed food coloring powders and brushed them on the walls to achieve a weathered look. 1. What primarily motivated Fan Shengnan to create architectural desserts? A. Her passion for food. B. Her interest in 3D printing. C. Her desire for online fame. D. Her professional training in cooking. 2. How did Fan create curved cookies for her castle? A. By using handmade molds. B. By using metal pipes as baking trays. C. By pouring chocolate into water pipes. D. By baking flat cookies then cutting them. 3. What is the main focus of paragraphs 5-7? A. Fan’s new baking techniques. B. Fan’s creation of the Haiyan Hall. C. Fan’s most satisfying work. D. Fan’s understanding of ancient art. 4. Which of the following best describes Fan? A. Competitive and patient. B. Humorous and outgoing. C. Creative and determined. D. Traditional and careful. Passage 3 apan’s tradition of high service standards leaves it open to customer harassment“顾客骚扰”日趋严重，日本政府出台防范法案 词数 374 建议阅读时间  7分钟 The Japanese are well known for their strict social rules, especially for people working in the service industry. The tradition of good service is so strong that workers in stores bow to customers as they leave. The famous Japanese saying “The customer is God” shows how important customer satisfaction is. At the heart of Japan’s customer service is “omotenashi”, a Japanese idea of welcoming guests with warmth. Key parts of omotenashi include noticing small things and understanding what customers need before they ask. In Japan, omotenashi is an important part of service culture and can be seen everywhere, from restaurants to hotels and shops. However, this same level of politeness is not always shown by customers. Many make unreasonable demands and blame workers unfairly for problems with products or services. These actions are now often called customer harassment (骚扰), which has become a growing problem for service workers in Japan. A 2022 survey by the Japan Trade Union Confederation found that 76.4 percent of service workers had been affected by customer harassment, and 10 percent had left their jobs because of it. Experts say Japan’s very high service standards raise customer expectations too much, which makes it easier for people to become unhappy.u “Over-the-top service leaves customers satisfied, but can create excessive (过度的) demands that ‘it is normal to be served’,” sociologist Hiromi Ikeuchi told The Straits Times. Another possible reason is that some customers have been treated badly by their own bosses or clients in Japan’s often difficult work environments, and so they unfairly take out their anger on service staff, reported The New York Times. In the past, abuse (辱骂) from customers was often accepted, but now the situation is improving. In March, Japan’s Cabinet (内阁) approved (批准) an updated bill that tells companies to take steps to protect workers from rude or harmful behavior by customers or business clients. The bill says companies must set clear rules against abuse and create a system for workers to report problems. Some employers, who are finding it hard to hire and keep young workers, have already started to take action. For Japanese companies, creating a better workplace has become a key issue one that may also help change the culture of service, said The Paper. 1. What is the core principle of “omotenashi” in Japanese service culture? A. Reacting to customer requests in time. B. Anticipating customers’ potential needs. C. Using polite language and gestures. D. Following all the work rules exactly. 2. What is an unexpected effect of Japan’s extremely high service standards? A. The service quality has been on the decline.  B. Workers don’t need as much training as before. C. Many workers are quitting because of tough working conditions. D. Some customers develop unrealistic expectations. 3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Problems caused by demanding service standards. B. Customer expectations of better service. C. Reasons why some customers act rudely. D. Japan’s high-pressure working conditions. 4. What should companies do to protect service workers, according to the new bill? A. Reduce the working hours of employees. B. Create a reporting system for employees. C. Drive away customers who abuse employees. D. Set clear rules against unreasonable demands. Passage 4 词数 528  建议阅读时间   10分钟 Ⅰ. lead in David Copperfield by Charles Dickens is a coming-of-age novel that follows the life of David Copperfield from his childhood to adulthood. As he grows, David faces challenges with family, friends and society, while learning about love, betrayal (背叛) and his own identity (身份). Filled with memorable characters, the novel explores themes of personal growth, social class and the impact of one’s choices, making it a timeless and engaging (引人入胜的) story. II. reading  In this excerpt, David escapes his abusive (虐待的) stepfather, Mr Murdstone, and finds refuge (庇护) at the home of his aunt. After she writes a letter to Mr Murdstone, he and his sister, Miss Murdstone, arrive at the house, leading to a confrontation (对峙). (*Janet is Miss Trotwood’s servant. Mr Dick, an “odd” man, lives with Miss Trotwood.) Several days later, I was looking out of the sitting-room window when I saw Mr and Miss Murdstone riding into my aunt’s garden. My aunt had seen them too, and hurried out, waving her umbrella angrily at them and shouting, “Go away! Don’t ride on my grass! Who do you think you are? Go away, I tell you!” “Aunt!” I cried out. “They’re Mr and Miss Murdstone!” “I don’t care!” she shouted. “Nobody is allowed to ride on my grass!” And she went back into her house, banging the door behind her. The Murdstones had to lead their horses out of the garden, and then return to ring the doorbell. They looked very uncomfortable and unsure of themselves. Janet showed them into the sitting-room, where my aunt, Mr Dick and I were waiting. “Miss Trotwood –” began Mr Murdstone, stepping forward. “Excuse me,” said my aunt sharply. “I imagine you are the Mr Murdstone who married my nephew’s widow (遗孀). In my opinion, it would have been much better if you had never married the poor child.” “I agree with you, Miss Trotwood,” said Miss Murdstone, smiling falsely. “My brother would certainly have been happier if he hadn’t married her, because I consider poor dear Clara was, in fact, just a child.” “Fortunately,” said my aunt, “you and I, madam, are too old and plain (长相普通的) for anyone to say that about us.” Miss Murdstone did not seem eager to agree to this. Her brother, however, wanted to get down to business. “Miss Trotwood,” he said, a little crossly (生气地), “having received your letter, I’ve come to explain to you, in case you haven’t realised it yet, that this boy is extremely wicked (恶劣的) and violent (粗暴的). Both my sister and I have tried to change his character, but sadly we have failed.” “I must add,” said Miss Murdstone, “that of all the boys in the world, I believe this is the worst boy.” “I see,” said my aunt. “Now tell me, has David inherited (继承) any money from his father or mother?” “No, madam,” answered Mr Murdstone. “My dear Clara naturally trusted me to take care of David, and I’m ready to do that, if he comes back with me now. But I alone shall decide what to do with him, Miss Trotwood – understand that. I am here, for the first and last time, to take him away. If you decide to keep him with you, you keep him for ever.”... “You’d better go. I’ll keep the boy and take my chance with him. I don’t believe a word of your story. Do you think I don’t know how you broke that poor girl’s heart? And how you hated her son, and punished him for it? I can see by your face that I’m right.” We all stared at Mr Murdstone. It was true that his face was white and he was breathing fast. “Goodbye, sir, and goodbye to you too, madam,” added my aunt, turning suddenly to Miss Murdstone. “If I see you riding on my grass again, I’ll knock your hat right off your head!” The Murdstones said nothing in reply to these fierce words, but walked quickly out of the house. 本文节选自《大卫·科波菲尔》（书虫·牛津英汉双语读物升级版，外研社出版） 1. How did Miss Trotwood first react to the Murdstones’ arrival? A. She taught them a lesson. B. She drove them away at once. C. She was angry at their behavior. D. She asked David to greet them. 2. What did Miss Murdstone imply about David’s mother? A. She failed to educate David. B. She was not ready for marriage. C. She was pretty but not strong. D. She should have lived with her. 3. What was Mr Murdstone’s main purpose of visiting Miss Trotwood? A. To tell Miss Trotwood about his efforts. B. To ask Miss Trotwood for some money. C. To show Miss Trotwood his authority. D. To take David away from Miss Trotwood. 4. Which of the following best describes Miss Trotwood? A. Generous and selfless. B. Caring and determined. C. Bad-tempered and mean. D. Brave and confident. Passage 5阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 A group of Colorado high school students from Mountain Vista High School – Amadou Bah, Ibrahima Bah, Abdulai Bah, Kasper Skonieczny and Ousmane Balde – received special honors on Thursday for   1   people from a flipped (翻倒的) car on their way to school in January. When they spotted the   2  , the teens didn’t just watch or take pictures – they quickly jumped into action. Even though it was a(n)   3   situation, they ran toward the car to help both the driver and passenger, who were   4   inside. Douglas County Sheriff (治安官) Darren Weekly praised the students for their   5   and quick thinking during Thursday’s ceremony,    6   each student a sheriff’s medal and a challenge coin. “They   7   quickly and without hesitation (犹豫),” said Weekly. “They understood that people’s lives were potentially   8   and they were there when it   9   the most.” The students stayed   10  , saying that helping others was   11   the right thing to do. “It’s not every day [that] a car flips over in front of you, and sometimes you just have to take the risk and help someone   12  ,” said Abdulai. Amadou said he didn’t think their actions were   13  , adding that he believed that  14   at his school would do the same thing in that situation.  Weekly said that courage like that was what he   15   when hiring a deputy. 1. A. observing  B. stopping      C. disturbing  D. saving 2. A. accident    B. issue        C. event     D. adventure 3. A. stressful  B. dangerous      C. awkward  D. hopeless 4. A. lost     B. arguing      C. stuck  D. waiting 5. A. curiosity   B. creativity     C. courage   D. patience 6. A. serving  B. awarding      C. treating    D. showing 7. A. acted   B. changed      C. ran    D. adapted 8. A. on hold  B. in sight      C. at risk  D. under pressure 9. A. cost  B. fitted      C. benefited  D. mattered 10. A. modest   B. excited    C. focused  D. satisfied 11. A. hardly  B. simply     C. roughly      D. eventually 12. A. within reach   B. on time      C. with care  D. in need 13. A. special  B. difficult     C. personal   D. foreign 14. A. his friends  B. someone      C. the principal  D. anyone 15. A. looked into  B. found out      C. looked for  D. learned about 参考答案 Passage 1 1-4 DBCC Passage 2 1-4 ABBC Passage 3 1-4 BDCB Passage 4 1-4 CBDB Passage 5 1-5 DABCC 6-10 BACDA 11-15 BDADC 答案详解 Passage 1 1. 答案：D 解析：第一段提到 NextGen Acela 列车 “may lead to more high-speed trains across the country”，即可能推动更广泛的高铁网络发展。A（新建成的全国线路）错误，其运行于东北走廊（已有线路）；B（速度 257 英里 / 小时）单位错误，原文为 257 公里 / 小时；C（主要服务货运）错误，其为客运列车。因此 D 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：第三段以东北走廊为例，说明其 “aging tunnels, bridges and sharp curves” 及繁忙的货运，导致无法支持高速列车，体现旧铁路系统的局限性。A（高铁可行之地）、C（失败项目案例）、D（政府资金作用）均非目的，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：C 解析：第六段明确指出 Buy America 规则 “slows things down and increases costs”，因为美国产部件更贵且产能不足。A（降低质量）、B（限制设计创新）、D（提高产量效率）均与原文不符，因此 C 正确。 1. 答案：C 解析：最后一段提到 “car-addicted nation” 及人们认为不需要高铁，说明汽车文化降低了对高铁的兴趣。A（优先低成本）、B（社区抗议）未提及；D（环境担忧）非主要原因，因此 C 正确。 Passage 2 1. 答案：A 解析：第二段明确提到 “Driven by her love for food”，即对食物的热爱是主要动机。B（3D 打印兴趣）、C（追求名气）、D（专业烹饪训练）均未提及，因此 A 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：第四段提到 “turned metal pipes into my baking trays and baked curved cookies”，即使用金属管作为烤盘制作弯曲饼干。A（手工模具）、C（巧克力倒入水管）是制作塔楼的方法；D（切割平饼干）未提及，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：5-7 段详细描述了 Fan 复刻圆明园海晏堂的过程：依据博物馆图片、制作黏土模型和硅胶模具、耗时六个月等，核心为该作品的创作。A（新烘焙技术）、C（最满意作品）、D（对古艺术的理解）均为局部内容，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：C 解析：Fan 利用日常物品（水管、金属管）制作模具，体现创造力；耗时六个月完成复杂作品，体现决心。A（好胜）、B（幽默）、D（传统）均不符合，因此 C 正确。 Passage 3 1. 答案：B 解析：第二段指出 omotenashi 的核心是 “understanding what customers need before they ask”，即预见客户需求。A（及时回应请求）、C（礼貌言行）、D（严格遵守规则）均非核心，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：D 解析：第四段提到高服务标准导致 “excessive demands that ‘it is normal to be served’”，即客户产生不切实际的期望。A（服务质量下降）、B（减少培训）未提及；C（员工因条件艰苦离职）是骚扰的结果，非服务标准的直接影响，因此 D 正确。 1. 答案：C 解析：第四段分析了客户粗鲁行为的原因：服务标准过高推高期望、客户在工作中受气后发泄情绪。A（高标准引发的问题）、B（客户对更好服务的期望）、D（高压工作环境）均不全面，因此 C 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：最后一段提到新法案要求公司 “create a system for workers to report problems”，即建立员工举报系统。A（减少工时）、C（赶走辱骂客户）未提及；D（禁止不合理要求）是规则内容之一，但核心是举报系统，因此 B 正确。 Passage 4 1. 答案：C 解析：第一段描述 Miss Trotwood 看到 Murdstones 骑马进入花园时，“waving her umbrella angrily... shouting ‘Go away!’”，表现出愤怒。A（教训他们）、B（立即赶走）为后续行为；D（让 David 迎接）与原文相反，因此 C 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：Miss Murdstone 称 David 的母亲 Clara “just a child”，暗示她心智不成熟，未做好结婚准备。A（教育失败）、C（漂亮但软弱）、D（应和她同住）均未提及，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：D 解析：Mr Murdstone 明确表示 “to take him away”，并强调这是第一次也是最后一次尝试，核心目的是带走 David。A（展示努力）、B（要钱）、C（显示权威）均为次要，因此 D 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：Miss Trotwood 保护 David 免受虐待，坚决拒绝 Murdstones 的要求，体现 “关爱（caring）”；面对威胁时态度坚定，体现 “果断（determined）”。A（慷慨无私）、C（脾气差、刻薄）、D（勇敢自信）均不全面，因此 B 正确。 Passage 5 1. 答案：D 解析：学生们从翻倒的车中救人，“saving” 符合语境。A（观察）、B（阻止）、C（打扰）均不符合，因此 D 正确。 1. 答案：A 解析：“flipped car” 属于交通事故，“accident” 正确。B（议题）、C（事件）、D（冒险）均不精准，因此 A 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：翻倒的车中有人被困，情况 “dangerous（危险）”。A（有压力）、C（尴尬）、D（无望）均非核心，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：C 解析：司机和乘客在翻倒的车中 “stuck（被困）”。A（迷路）、B（争吵）、D（等待）均不符合，因此 C 正确。 1. 答案：C 解析：在危险中救人体现 “courage（勇气）”。A（好奇）、B（创造力）、D（耐心）均不符合，因此 C 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：治安官为学生 “awarding（颁发）” 奖章和纪念币。A（服务）、C（招待）、D（展示）均不符合，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：A 解析：学生们迅速 “acted（行动）” 救人。B（改变）、C（奔跑）、D（适应）均不精准，因此 A 正确。 1. 答案：C 解析：人们的生命 “at risk（处于危险中）”。A（暂停）、B（可见）、D（承压）均不符合，因此 C 正确。 1. 答案：D 解析：在最 “mattered（重要）” 的时刻提供帮助。A（花费）、B（适合）、C（受益）均不符合，因此 D 正确。 1. 答案：A 解析：学生们认为救人是应该做的，表现 “modest（谦虚）”。B（兴奋）、C（专注）、D（满意）均不符合，因此 A 正确。 1. 答案：B 解析：救人 “simply（仅仅）” 是正确的事。A（几乎不）、C（粗略地）、D（最终）均不符合，因此 B 正确。 1. 答案：D 解析：帮助 “in need（有需要的）” 人。A（触手可及）、B（及时）、C（细心）均不符合，因此 D 正确。 1. 答案：A 解析：Amadou 认为他们的行为不 “special（特别）”。B（困难）、C（个人的）、D（外来的）均不符合，因此 A 正确。 1. 答案：D 解析：他相信学校里的 “anyone（任何人）” 都会这么做。A（朋友）、B（某人）、C（校长）均不全面，因此 D 正确。 1. 答案：C 解析：这种勇气是他招聘副手时 “looked for（寻找）” 的品质。A（调查）、B（发现）、D（了解）均不符合，因此 C 正确。以上解析已结合原文细节和题目考点进行说明，若你需要对某些题目进一步细化分析，或调整表述风格，欢迎随时告知。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$