暑期系列第5期：Unit4梳理&代词&考纲词汇D（学生版+教师版）2025-2026学年牛津上海版英语九年级上册

2025年上海新九年级英语暑期第5期:9AUnit4梳理&代词&考纲词汇D 学生版 第一部分 Unit 4同步知识梳理 一、词汇Words 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文 1 /skri n/ n. 屏幕 2 /'rek na z/ v. 认出 3 /'deskt p/ n. 台式电脑 4 /'l pt p/ n. 便携式电脑 5 /'p m't p/ n. 掌上电脑 6 /'ta n / adj. 极小的 7 / n 'we / adj. 没有意识的 8 /d 'pend/ v. 依赖 9 /'k m n/ adj. 普遍的,常见的 10 /'n l d / n. 知识 11 /'re l / adv. 罕有 12 /pr nt/ v. 打印 13 / m'p t( )ntl / adv. 重要地 14 /' p re t/ v. 操作 15 /'e r ple n/ n. 飞机 16 /'spe s p/ n. 宇宙飞船 17 /'mi n / n. 意思 18 /k 'm nd/ v. 命令 19 /si:di:'r m/ n. 只读光盘 20 /di:vi:'r m/ n. 数字只读光盘 21 /'ra t / n. 文章 22 / 'we / adj. 意识到 23 /' d / n.&v. 订购 24 /bl k/ adj. 空白的 25 /s 'pla / n. 贮备,供应量 26 /'k ntr kt/ n. 联系 27 /'ref( )r( )ns/ n. 参考 28 /'kw nt t / n. 数量 29 /le / n. 长度 30 /si t/ n. 座位 31 /pi k/ n. 山顶 32 /k t/ n. 公寓大楼;法庭;球场 33 / d st ns/ n. 距离 二、词组Phrases 1. (没)意识到;(未)察觉 常识 2. 暂时;眼下 3. 依靠,依赖 4. 与...联系 5. 大量的 6. 入座 7. 看来,好像 8. 缺乏 9. 被用来做某事 10. 帮助某人做某事 11. 听到,收到...的来信 12. 从那以后 13. 问题的答案 14. 能够做某事 15. 擅长做某事 16. 与...无关 17. 数以百万计 18. 在...中受欢迎 19. 服从某人的命令 20. 提出 21. 我认为 22. 在最后 23. 与某人分享某物 24. 为了做成某事克服很多困难 25. ...的数量 26. 可被利用/得到的 27. 大量的 28. 与某人交流 29. 一系列的 30. 遍布世界 31. 除了...之外 32. 一直 33. 与此同时 34. 更重要的是 35. 最重要的是 三、词性转换 基础版 1 adj. 准确的 adv. 准确地 2 adj. 意识到 adj. 没意识到 3 v. 计算 n. 计算器 n. 计算 4 v. 依靠,依赖 n. 依赖的,依靠的 n. 独立的,有主见的 5 v. 知道,了解;认识;懂得 n. 知识,学问 6 v. 意思是;意味着 n. 意思 7 n. 长度 adj. (时间)长的,(距离)远的 8 v. 坐 n. 座位 9 v. 说;讲;谈话;发言 n. 扬声器;喇叭 n. 演讲;说话 提高版 1. _ (adj.)无意识到的 _ adj 意识到的 _ (n.) (无)意识 2. _(adj.) 罕有的 _ (adv.) 罕有地 3. _ (adj.) _(adv.) 重要地 _ (n.) 重要性 _ (adj.)不重要的 4. _(v.) 做手术,操控 _ (n.) 操作员 _ (n.)手术 5. long (adj.) 长的 _ (n.) 长度 weigh (v.) 称重量 _ (n.) 重量 high (adj.) 高的 _ (n.) 高度 deep adj.深的 _(n.) 深度 _(v.)加深 wide (adj.) 宽的 _ (n.) 宽度 _ (v.) 加宽 7. _ (v.) 意思是 _(n.) 意思 _(adj.) 有意义的 _(adj.) 无意义的 8. _ (n.) 电 _ (adj.)带电的 _(adj.)与电有关的 _ (adj.) 电子的 9. _ (v.) 选择 _ (n.) 选择 10. _ (v.) 知道 _ (n.) 知识 _(adj.) 博学的 11._ (v.) 打印 _ (n.)打印机,印刷工 _ (adj.)可印刷的 12._(v.)依靠 _ (n.)依靠 _ (adj.).依靠的;依赖的 _ (adj.)独立的 _ (n.)独立 13._ (n.).距离 _ (adj.)遥远的;疏远的;冷漠的 14._(v.)提示,指导 _ (n.)指示;教导 _ (adj.)有教育意义的 第二部分 代词 1. 代词的含义:代词是为了避免重复,用来代替名词或者名词短语的词。 2. 代词的分类 根据功能不同,代词可以分为八大类。 分类 含义 形式 人称代词 表示我(们)、你(们)、他(们)、她(们)、它(们) 主格:I/we/you(你)/you(你们)/he/she/ it/ they 宾格:me/us/you(你)/you(你们)/him/her/it/ them 物主代词 表示物体所属关系的代词 形容词性物主代词:my/ our/ your(你的)/your(你们的)/ his/her/its/their 名词性物主代词:mine/ ours/yours(你的东西)/yours(你们的东西)/ his/hers/ its/ theirs 反身代词 用来表示 “某人自己”的词 myself/ourselves/yourself/yourselves/himself/ herself/itself/ themselves 指示代词 用来指代或标识人或事物 近指:this(可用于电话用语)/these 远指:that(可用于电话用语)/those 疑问代词 用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词 who/whom/whose/ what/ which 不定代词 表示笼统指代,不能确定指代具体哪些人或物 much/little/some/any/none/neither/few/other everything/someone/something/somebody等 关系代词 连接定语从句的代词 that/which/who/ whose/as/whom 相互代词 表示相互关系 one another / each other 知识点1-人称代词的用法 人称代词主格和宾格的区分要点:人称代词主格作主语,放在句首;人称代词宾格作宾语,放在动词和介词之后。做题时需要注意代词的位置,根据位置选择。如: I love my country.我爱我的祖国。 My mother is waiting for him outside.我的妈妈正在外面等他。 I don’t know her.我不认识她。 注意:人称代词的各种变化形式前面或后面不接不定冠词,a,an和定冠词the.例如:不存在the we,a we,the my bag,my a book,our the school,a his book说法。 【例题精讲】 1. There are lots of rivers in China, and the longest of _(they) is the Changjiang River. 2. Mary, our teacher asked you and _(I) to do the cleaning after school today. 【巩固练习】 1.Han Han is very popular among the teenagers. We all like _. A. him B.he C. she D. himself 2. - Look ,that’s Mike, your classmate. - Yes. Let’s go and say hello to _. A.him B.he C.her D.them 3. We have noticed the problems, and _ will be discussed at the meeting. A. you B. it C. they D. us 知识点2-物主代词的用法 1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区分要点:形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特点,不能在句中单独使用,后面要跟名词;名词性物主代词具有名词的特点,可以在句中单独使用,后面不接名词。如: His parents are both office workers.他的父母都是上班族。 This is my dictionary. Where is yours?这是我的字典。你的字典在哪里? My idea is quite different hers.我的想法和她的想法大不同。 【例题精讲】 1. Our house is a little larger than _(they) and it has more furniture in it. 2. May I introduce Mike, a good friend of _(I) to you? 【巩固练习】 1. Lost in Thailand is a very successful comedy. It’s _ favorite movie. I like it very much. A. his B. mine C. her D. my 2. - Excuse me, is this _ new camera? - Yes, it’s _. A. your; my B. your;mine C. yours;my D. yours;mine 3. This is not my Walkman. It’s _. Mine is over there. A. our B. hers C. your D. my 2. 人称代词和物主代词的区分要点:人称代词指代的是人或物,而物主代词指的是人与人、人与物之间的所属关系。 【巩固练习】 1. If you want people to treat you nicely, you have to treat _ nicely, too. A.their B. they C. them D. themselves 2. After Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize, more people began to read _ books. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 3. - Have you got an iPhone 5? - No, many young people began to say “No” to it because of _ follow-up service. By the way, I am a supporter of Chinese products. A. it’s B. its C. it D. itself 4. - Is this new book, Shirley? - No, it isn’t. Maybe it’s _. A. your; his B. your; him C. yours; his D. yours; him 5. This morning Diana invited _ to _ birthday party. A. I; her B. I; hers C. me; her D. me; hers 知识点3-反身代词的用法 1.反身代词的常考点一是:人称和数的选择,所以要注重句子的翻译,特别要注意人称的对应和反身代词单复数的选择。 2.反身代词的常考点二是:一些固定搭配的选用。 含有反身代词的常用结构: help oneself (to) 自便 enjoy oneself 玩的开心 teach oneself自学 say to oneself自言自语 keep a secret to oneself 保密 hurt oneself受伤 by oneself独自 introduce oneself 介绍自己 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣 lose oneself in 沉迷于 devote oneself to 奉献 leave sb. by oneself 将某人独自留下 make yourself at home不受约束 take care of/look after oneself照顾某人自己 如: The little boy is too young to look after himself.这个小男孩太小不能照顾自己。 The children made model planes by themselves.孩子们自己做了飞机模型。 【例题精讲】 1. - Hi, guys. How was your party yesterday? - Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed _. A. themselves B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves 2. Peng Liyuan, the new first lady, has devoted _ to charity activities over the years. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 3. - Is this model plane yours, Susan? - Yes, it’s mine. It’s made by _. A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself 4. His name is James, but he calls _ Jim. A. his B. himself C. him D. / 5. - Help _ to some fish, my boy. - Thanks. A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves 【巩固练习】 1. Come and enjoy _(you), dear! It’s my honor to invite all of you here. 2. “You’re old enough, boy. You’d better do it _(you).” My father said to me. 3. It is too dangerous for the young children to play near the river by _(they) 4. My daughter is old enough to look after _(she). She can stay at home alone. 5. Sometimes teenagers should be allowed to make decisions by _(自己). 知识点4-it,that,one的选择 区分要点: 1.it指与前面已经提到的事物为同一物。简称“同类又同物”。 如:The book is mine. It’s very interesting. 2. one 指与前面提到事物为同类事物。简称“同类不同物”,属于泛指。复数形式是ones。如: -Who has a pen? -I have one. 3. that常用于比较结构中,指与前面提到事物为同类事物。简称“同类不同物”,但属于特指。复数形式是those。 如:The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 北京冬天的天气比广州冬天的天气冷。 【例题精讲】 例1:The actors in this film played better than _ in that film. A. those B. that C. it D. this 例2: - Have you got any books on English grammar? I want to borrow _. - Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday. A. one B. it C. some D. that 例3:- I bought Tiny Times, a book written by Guo Jingming. Would you like to read _? - No, thanks. I have already bought _. A.one; it B. it; one C.one; one D.it; it 例4:- Mum, Mary bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy _ for me? - Sure. But you must take good care of _. A. one;it B. this;one C. it;one D. one;one 例5:I forget to bring a pen. Would you lend me _? A. one B. that C. it D.this 知识点5-代词it的用法 代词it的用法较多,主要的有: 一、单独使用 1. 指代前面提到过的事物。如:This is not my book. It’s Jim’s. 2. 指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如:Someone is knocking at the door, please go and see who it is. 3. 指时间、季节、天气、时间、星期或距离。如: It is ten o’clock. It is sunny today. How far is it from your school to your home? 2、 用在某些固定句型中 1. 用作形式主语,常用于下列句型中: ① It is +形容词/名词+ for/of sb. to do sth. 表示对某人来说做某事是……/ 某人做某事是……的。如: It is important for us to work hard.对于我们来说努力工作是重要的。 It is nice of you to help me so much.你人真好帮助我这么多。 It is an honor for me to get the prize. 对于我来说赢得奖项是一种荣耀。 批注:当形容词描述的是行为者的性格品质,如nice, kind, good, wrong, clever, foolish, silly, careless, generous, selfish, polite等,则用句型It is +形容词+of sb to do sth; 当形容词描述的是这件事情怎样,如important, necessary, impossible, possible, interesting, hard, difficult, easy等,则用句型It is +形容词+for sb to do sth. ② It is +形容词+that从句。如: It is necessary that you should be present at the meeting. ③It is time to do sth./It is time for sth./ It is time +that从句,表示到做……的时间了。如: It is time to get up. It is time for lunch. It is time that we go home. ④It seems that ..., 表示看起来好像……。如: It seems that he is very happy. ⑤ It is one’s turn to do sth.表示轮到某人做某事。如: It is your turn to sing. ⑥It takes/took sb. +时间+to do sth.表示花费某人多长时间做某事。如: It took me two months to write the article. 2. 用作形式宾语 句型:sb. finds/thinks /makes it+形容词+to do sth. 表示某人发现/认为做某事是……的。如: I find it interesting to make model planes. 我发现做模型飞机是有趣的。 I think it necessary to learn English well. 我认为把英语学好是有必要的。 He made it a success. 他成功了。 3. 用于某些被动句句型中 It is believed/reported/said/considered +that从句……表示大家认为……/据报道……/据说……/人们认为……如: It is believed that he will come to the party on time.据说他会准时来派对。 It is reported that the president will come to visit our city next month. 【例题精讲】 例1:The doctor advised Elsa strongly that she should take a good rest, but _ didn’t help. A. she B. it C.which D.he 例2:- Who is singing in the next room? - _ must be Marie. A. It B. She C.This D. There 例3:All of us find _ necessary to take exercise every day. A. this B. that C.it D.them 例4:We think _ necessary to protect the earth. A.it B.this C. that D.what 例5:Class 2 will go for a picnic. They made _ 6 o’clock to meet at the foot of Mt.Tai. A. it B. that C.them D./ 例6:_ really generous _ the little girl to share her toys with other kids. A. It’s, of B. That’s, of C. It’s, for D. That’s, for 例7:How long _ to finish your composition? A. will it take you B. will take you C. it will take you D. you will take 知识点6-疑问代词概述 1.疑问代词的定义 疑问代词是用于表达疑问的代词;疑问代词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句,疑问代词位于疑问句的句首,是句子的一个成分。 2.疑问代词的用法 疑问代词 主要用法 例句 who 谁 作主语、宾语、表语。 Who is the boy on the bike? Who are you talking to? whom 谁 who的宾格形式,作宾语。 Whom are you talking to? To whom are you talking? whose谁的 who的所有格形式。 Whose book is this? what/who what询问某人的职业、地位、性格特征、相貌等。 -What is your father? - He is a worker. who 询问某人的身份、姓名。 - Who is the boy under the tree? - He is Mike. what/which what指“什么”,没有一定范围的限定。 What would you like to eat? which 指“哪一个”,指在一定范围内特指的人或物。 Which do you like, spring or summer? 补充:疑问代词的形式中,what和 which 可指人或物,可以是单数,也可以是复数。 【例题精讲】 例1:_ schoolbag is this? –I guess it’s Lily’s. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 例2: - Do you know _ the girl in red is? - I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher. A. when B. how C. where D. what 例3: - _ can we go to the theme park tomorrow, Jack? - Sorry, I won’t go with you. My father will drive me there. A. Who B. When C. Where D. How 例4: - What does Mary look like? - _. A.She’s well B. She’s tall C. She’s a doctor D. She likes dancing 知识点7-疑问代词+to do的用法 1.“疑问词+不定式”结构通常在句中作宾语,这里在代词讲义中我们只涉及到what+动词不定式和which+动词不定式两种结构。如:I don’t know which to choose. 我不知道选哪个。 2. 疑问副词how与疑问代词what+不定式的用法区别 批注:该知识点是难点也是常考点,教师在授课过程中需要强调。 (1)how to do+宾语与 what to do ①how+不定式的结构中,动词不定式要加宾语。如:Could you tell me how to do it? ②what+不定式的结构中,动词不定式无需加宾语。如:Could you tell me what to do? (2)what to do with 与 how to deal with 一般地说,do with与what连用,而deal with则与how搭配使用,如: I have no idea what to do with the old car.我不知道怎么处理那辆旧车。 He doesn’t know how to deal with this matter.他不知道怎么处理这件事。 3. 疑问代词+动词不定式相当于一个宾语从句。 如:She has forgotten what to buy in the supermarket. = She has forgotten what she should buy in the supermarket. 【例题精讲】 例(一):单选题 1. - I don’t know _ to do next? - It’s easy. Press the red button in 2 minutes. A.what B.how C.where D.when 2. My father has a computer, but he doesn’t know _ to use it. A. what B. how C. who D. which 例(二):填空题 1. 选用适当的代词填空 Of all the souvenirs, I really don’t know _(what; whose; which)one to choose. 2. 用所给的词的正确形式填空 We have two rooms, but I can’t decide which one _(choose). 3. 同义句转换 (1) I can’t decide which one I will buy. I can’t decide _ _ _ _. (2) I couldn’t decide which dictionary I should buy, I couldn’t decide _ _ _ _. 【巩固练习】 检测题(一): 单项选择 1. - _? - He’s a tall man with short hair. A. How is he B. What does he like C.What is he D. What does he look like 2. - _ model plane is this? - I think it’s Jim’s. Look, his name is on it. A.Who B. What C. Whose D. Where 3. - I’ll go to the USA next month. - _ for? A. Why B. How C. Which D. What 4. - We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. -Really? Will you please show me _ it? A.how to use B. what to use C. how can I use D. what can I use 检测题(二):同义句转换 1. She didn’t know which blouse she should buy. She didn’t know _ _ _ _. 2. I’m thinking about what to say. I’m thinking about _ _ _ _. 知识点8-不定代词概述 1.不定代词的含义 表示笼统指代,不能确定指代具体哪(些)人或物的代词叫不定代词。 2.不定代词的分类 (1) 普通不定代词 初中阶段常用的不定代词如下: some/any few/a few / little/ a little none/ one/ other/another many/much either/ neither each/every both/all (2) 复合不定代词 复合不定代词是由 some-, any-, no-, every-加上-one,-body, -thing 等所组成的不定代词。 常见的复合不定代词有: somebody anybody nobody everybody someone anyone no one everyone something anything nothing everything 3.不定代词的用法 普通不定代词用法比较 (1) some与any 这里some 与any均表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中,any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句中。但在疑问句中,若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议带有感情色彩时应用some。any 还可用来修饰可数名词的单数,表示“任何一个”或“随便哪一个”。如: There are some eggs in the basket.篮子里有一些鸡蛋。 Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹么? If you find any new words in it, mark them out. 如果你有发现任何新单词,把他们标记出来。 Would you like some tea?你想要来点茶么? You can buy it in any shop.你可以在任何一家商店买到它。 批注:any表示“任何”的含义时,一般用于肯定句。 注意:not any表示全部否定,not every+名词/代词表示部分否定。如: I don’t believe in any of you here. 我不信任你们这里的任何人。 I don’t believe in every one of you here. 你们这里的人我不全都相信。 (2)many与much 这里many和much均表示“许多”。 ①many修饰可数名词复数,还可以与表示程度的副词如so,too, how等连用。如: There are too many mistakes in your exercises.在你的练习题里有太多的错误。 How many teachers are there in your school? There are three hundred. ②much修饰不可数名词,也可以与表示程度的副词如so,too,how等连用。如: He never eats so much breakfast.他从未吃过如此多的早饭。 He has too much work to do.他有太多的工作要做。 How much water is there in your bottle? A little. 你的瓶子有多少水?一点点。 (3)either与neither either指两个人或物之中的任何一个,neither指两个人或物中一个也不。如: There are trees on either side of the street.路的两边有树。(注意side为单数) Neither of the books is good.这两本书都不好。 Either you or I am students.你和我之间有一个是学生。 注: 1. 后面两个例句的结构需要注意。 ①either/neither of+名(代)词的复数+谓语动词(第三人称单数) ②either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 2. either也可以作副词在否定句中表示“也”。如: I don't like dancing,he doesn't like it either. (4)both与all both表示“两者都”,常与and连用;all指“三者或者三者以上都”。如: Both she and I are students. There are many trees standing on both sides of the road. All of us should go there. They all agree to stay there. (5)each与every each和every都表示“每一个”之意。 ①each强调个体,可用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物,可以和of连用。当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 ②every强调全体,只能指三个或三个以上的人或事物,不能与of连用。在句中只能作定语,修饰名词时谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。 如:There are trees on each side of the road. Every dog has its day. Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt. 注: There are many trees on either side of the road. =There are many trees on both sides of the road. =There are many trees on each side of the road. (6)(a )few与 (a) little 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 肯定含义 a few有一些 a little有一点儿 否定含义 few几乎没有 little几乎没有 如:He has a few friends. There are few tomatoes in the fridge. So we need to buy some. He has so little money that he can’t afford the book. There is a little time left. We don’t have to be in such a hurry. 例1: - Excuse me, how can I get to Nanshan Mountain? - Oh, _ of these two buses will take you there. You must go and take No.3 bus. A.neither B. all C. none D. both 例2: He invited some classmates to come to his party, but _ came. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 例3:I am thirsty. Could you let me have _ coke? A. little B. any C. some D. other 例4:On Mother’s Day, our school advised _ of us to write a letter to our mothers. A. every B. each C. everyone D. no one 例5: - Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? - I don’t care. _ is fine. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All 例6: - Which of the shirts do you like better? - I’ll take _. They are very fashionable and cheap. A.nothing B. none C. all D.both 例7:_ police officers in the UK carry guns, but most of them don't. A. No B. Some C. Many D. All 知识点9-复合不定代词用法比较 (1)some系列的不定代词和any系列的不定代词 ①some系列的不定代词一般用于肯定句。如: There is someone waiting for you at the school gate. ②any系列的不定代词用于否定句和疑问句,如用于肯定句,则有“任何”的含义。如: There isn’t anything else in the fridge now. 现在冰箱里没有其他的东西了。 Do you have anything to say for yourself?你有为你自己要说的话么? Anyone should obey the law. 任何人应该遵守法律。 (2)everyone 与 every one ① everyone 的意思相当于“everybody”,只能指人,不能和of连用。如: I would like everyone to be happy. ② every one 既可以指人也可以指物,可以和of连用。如: I have every one of her letters. (3)no one, nobody, nothing与none 不定代词 用法 例句 no one 1 )不与of连用;2 )谓语动词用单数;3 )只能指人;4 )一般用来回答who,及含everyone, anyone,anybody引起的疑问句。 -Is everyone here today? -Yes, Mr.Ma. No one is absent. nobody -Who’s in the room? -Nobody,I think. nothing 1)指物; 2)一般用于what的提问。 -What’s in the box? -Nothing but a card. none 1) 强调数量,既可指人也可以指物;2)可与 of连用;3)用于how many 或 how much 提问的回答。 -How many passengers were there on the bus at that time? -None. 例1:I think _ can make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 例2:She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was _ left at home. A. nothing B. none C. something D. nobody 例3: - The story is so amazing! It's the most interesting story I’ve ever read. - But I'm afraid it won't be liked by _. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 例4:Make sure you’ve got the tickets and guidebooks and _ before you leave. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 例5:May I have a talk with you, sir? I’ve got _ important to tell you. A.nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 知识点10-复合不定代词和形容词或else的连用 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时,形容词必须放在复合不定代词的后面。 例1:My host family tried to cook _ for me when I studied in New Zealand. A. different something B. different anything C. something different D. anything different 例2: - Have you read today’s newspaper? - No, I haven’t. Is there _ in it? A. something important B. anything special C. new anything D.special anything 例3: - Have you bought _ for Linda’s birthday? - Not exactly. Just some flowers.*#.co@m] A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything 例4: - Would you like _ to drink? - Yes, I’ d like a cup of coffee. A. something else B. else something C. anything else D. else anything 知识点11-other/the other/others/the others/another/any other的比较 1.other:修饰可数名词,表示“另外的……其他的……”。 例:There are other dangers.这里有其他的危险。 2.others:一部分可以用some来指代,泛指另一部分可以用others来指代。some...,others...一些...,一些...。others也可以指“其他人”,首字母常考。 例:Others say that China is a great country.其他人说中国是个伟大的国家。 There are many persons on the playground.Some are playing football,others are singing. 在操场上有许多人。一些人在踢足球,一些人在唱歌。(还有其他人在做其他事情。) 3.the other:只用于两个事物,两者中的一个用one,另一个用the other。one...the other...一个...,另一个...。 例:He held a sword in one hand and pistol in the other.他一手握着剑,另一只手拿枪。 4.the others:范围确定,one指范围内的一个,the others为范围内余下的全部;或范围内的一些(some),另一方为范围内余下的全部(the others)。 some...,the others...。一些...,剩下的...。 例:To this question,some select the first answer,and the others select the second one.对于这道题,有些人选择了第一个答案,其余人则选择了第二个答案。(没有其他人做其他选择。) 5.another:代词;用于三个或三个上,泛指另一个another。后加可数名词单数或者基数词(大于等于2)+可数名词复数。 another week 另一周,再一周 another two weeks另两周,再两周 例:One is policeman,another is worker,and the third is teacher.一个是警察,另一个是工人,第三个是老师。 6.any放在肯定句,表示“任何一个”,后面加可数名词单数; any other(除自己之外)任何一下,后面加可数名词单数。 例:Tom is taller than any girl in his class.Tom比他班里的任何一个女孩都要高。 Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.Tom比他班里除他之外的任何一个男生都要高。 用比较级表示最高级的用法: Tom is the tallest in his class. =Tom is taller than any other student in his class. =Tom is taller than anyone else in his class. =Tom is taller than the others in his class. =Tom is taller than the other student in his class. 单项选择 1. My family has two dogs. One is white, _ is black. A. other B. another C. the other D.others 2. - The shoes don’t fit me.Would you please show me _? - Sure. Here you are. A. the other one B. the others C. another pair D. another one 3. The twins are so much alike that it is difficult to tell one from _. A. other B. the other C. others D. another 4. Some people think that the grass is greener on _ side of the hill. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 5. - Oh, the traffic is too heavy. - Let’s change _ route to the airport. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 6. The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill. A. Others B. Other C. Another D. The other 7. I've just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, _ are American stamps. A.the other B.the others C.other D.others 用other, the other, others, the others 或another填空 1. He is taller than any _ student in his class. He is taller than _ in his class. He is taller than _ students in his class. 2. Some students like pop music while _ don’t in their school. 3. I want some _ books besides this dictionary. 【培优练习】 兰生复旦代词专练20题 1. We asked John and Jerry,but_of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. A. either B. none C. both D. neither 2. -Do you like_ here?-Oh,yes. The air,the weather,the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. this B. these C. that D. it 3. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after_he's done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D. that 4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made_ from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another 5. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _. A. none B. either C. any D. each 6. Playing tricks on others is_ we should never do. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 7. She doesn't know anyone here. She has got_to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one 8. —Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —_way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 9. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish_ in two days? A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 10. I got the story from Tom and_ people who had worked with him. A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than 11. It is easy to do the repair. _you need is a hammer and some nails. A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 12. I intended to compare notes with a friend,but unfortunately _ couldn't spare me even one minute. A. they B. one C. who D. it 13. —One week's time has been wasted. —I can't believe we did all that work for _. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 14. I had to buy _these books because I didn't know which one was the best. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 15. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner,but _ of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both 16. There's_cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get_? A. little;some B. little;any C. a little;some D. a little;any 17. —There's coffee and tea; you can have _. —Thanks. A. either B. each C. one D. it 18. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for _two weeks. A. another B. other C. the other D. other's 19. We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush 20. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 第三部分 词汇打卡D (带 号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 daily ['de li] a/ad/n. 每日的;日常的;每天.日报 2 ['d m d ] n. & v. 破坏, 损害 3 ['de nd r s] a. 危险的 4 [d 'be t] v. & n. 争论,辩论;讨论 5 [d 's n] n. 决定;决心 6 ['dek re t] v. 装饰 7 [d 'le ] v.& n. 拖延,延误,延期 8 [d 'l s] a. 美味的,可口的 9 [d 'l v (r)] v. 投递(信件,邮包);传送 10 ['dent st] n. 牙科医生 11 [d 'na ] v. 否认,否定 12 [d 'pend] vi. 依靠;依赖;指望;取决于 13 [d 'skra b] vt. 描写,叙述 14 [d 'z v] v. 值得 15 [d 'za n] v. 设计,策划 16 [d 'str ] v. 破坏,毁坏 17 ['di te l] n. 细节 18 [d 'tekt v] adj. n. 侦探的; 侦探 19 [d 'rekt] a. 直接的;直达的;直截了当 20 [dr (r)] n. 抽屉 21 [d 'sk n] n. 讨论,辩论 22 [d s'm s] vt. 解散;解雇;遣散 23 [d 'st b] vt. 扰乱;打扰 24 [ dr m ] n.. 戏剧 25 [da t] n.&v. 怀疑,不相信 26 [d ne t] v.. 捐赠 27 [d zi z] n.. 疾病 28 [ d s p nt] v. 使失望 29 [ da n ] pp.(分词) 进餐,吃饭) 30 [ d d tl] adj.. 数字的;数码的 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. I looked up the new word in three different _. (dictionary) 2. She knew she’d made the right _(decide). 3. With the _ of science, computers will be used more widely. (develop) 4. She told me there are quite a lot of _ between American English and British English. (different) 5. I had no _ in making myself understood. (difficult) 6. Flowers will _ soon if they are left without water. (dead) 7. As a movie _, he is already very successful. (direction) 8. He answered my questions very _ and openly. (direction) 9. We had a _ with them about the differences between British English and American English. (discuss) 10. Can you do some housework such as washing these _ and bowls or cleaning the kitchen? (dish) 11. She would _ you if you disturb her too often. (like) 12. The snow will soon _ when the warm weather comes. (appear) 13. Emily is _. Her mother helps her with everything. (depend) 14. The earth will be destroyed one day because of people’s _(destroy). 15. The man gave the police some _ about the thief. (describe) 考纲词组默写 61. 对……感到满意 62.与……类似 63.对……严格 64.应该,被期望 65.对……感到惊奇 66.对某人很感激 67.习惯于 68.由于 69.属于 70.大人物;了不起的事 71.两者都 72.损坏;衰弱下来 73.闯人;破门而人 74.乘公共汽车/火车/飞机 75.亲自 76.顺便说;顺便问一下 77.使……平静 78.照顾;喜欢 79.着凉;伤风 80.改变主意 第四部分 阅读提高 A. Choose the best answer (根据以下内容,选择最恰当的答案) Sunday Tonight, Mom called for a “house meeting”. She told us that she was going back to school to start taking lessons. Well, it was totally out of my expectation. She is always there when I get home from school, and that’s the way I like it. But now, we have to make our own dinners and start doing housework. Wednesday The first few nights with Mom away have been a disaster. We tried making our dinner by ourselves. Manny made the iced tea, but it was undrinkable. Rodric cooked the roast beef, but it was a mess. Therefore, we bagged the homemade meal idea and went out to eat. Tuesday “Greg, why are the rubbish bags still at home? It’s your task!” Dad shouted and asked me why I didn’t do my job this morning. He said I needed to start being more responsible. I’ve heard it from Dad before. Last summer, our neighbor Ms. Grove, asked me to look after the plants while she went on business. Well, I watered them several times for the first few days and I got busy with other things. Ms. Grove was pretty mad because most of the plants didn’t make it. Thursday Dad is really serious about me taking on more responsibility. And first he wants me to wake myself up in the morning. That’s actually a real problem. Yesterday was the first day I tried to wake myself up, and it didn’t work out. My alarm clock went off, but the sound just worked its way into my dream. And today didn’t go any better. 39. Greg’s Mom called for a “house meeting” because she decided to _. A. teach lessons at a school B. return to school to have lessons C. make dinners with us D. start doing housework 40. Greg felt _ when he knew about Mom’s plan during the “house meeting”. A. proud B. delighted C. surprised D. relaxed 41. Therefore, we bagged the homemade meal idea and went out to eat. “bagged” probably means _. A. thought about B. were aware of C. depended on D. gave up 42. What’s Greg’s task at home? A. Taking out the rubbish. B. Cleaning the house up. C. Looking after the plants. D. Waking others up. 43. From the passage, we can learn that Greg’s Dad expected him to _. A. build up self-confidence B. become more responsible C. make friends with neighbors D. put up early in the morning 44. The passage is probably taken from _. A. a science magazine B. a schedule C. a news report D. a diary B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) Vertical Gardens Helen didn’t have a big yard. She only had a small deck (平台) overlooking a tiny piece of grass. It was not enough yard for her dog to play on. She really wanted a garden, but didn’t have space. Luckily, she came up with a creative idea to solve the problem. Helen used to keep a few plants in pots on the deck. They took up space and there was _45_ any room for her table and chairs. Therefore, she made some flower boxes with rope to put plants in. She _46_ one on her window and put two more on the bars, which were great for flowers. This helped for a long time, but she still longed for more. Helen finally got an idea: if she couldn’t build out, why not build up? She had heard of vertical gardening from a friend. She had wooden fences all around her little pieces of grass, so if she could fix some pots to the fence, she would save much space. Helen went to the building store and got some supplies. It was _47_ to find pots in proper size and fitted her fence, so she looked around to find something else for her vertical garden. Then she had an idea with rain gutters (排水槽). Rain gutters can hold water, so why not plants? She decided to try them. Back at home, Helen fixed her boards to her fence for supporting the gutters. She put the cap on the end and extra supports in the middle. Then she filled them with potting soil and planted three long rows of _48_. A few days later, there were new leaves. Weeks later, Helen was harvesting (收获) carrots to eat. She was so excited that she couldn’t wait to _49_ her harvest to parents. Helen’s parents were surprised and cooked the carrots for dinner. They tasted delicious! Now, Helen lined all three walls of her fence with more long rain gutter planters. To her joy, she had made her vertical garden! _50_, her dog had enough room to run free. The vertical garden was beautiful and lively as well! 45. A. usually B. hardly C. sadly D. probably 46. A. hid B. carried C. hung D. stuck 47. A. difficult B. attractive C. convenient D. simple 48. A. grass B. vegetables C. earth D. flowers 49. A. complain about B. live on C. pay for D. show off 50. A. For example B. In other words C. What’s more D. In brief ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$ 2025年上海新九年级英语暑期第5期：9AUnit4梳理&代词&考纲词汇D 教师版 第一部分 Unit 4同步知识梳理 一、词汇Words 序号 英文 音标 词性 中文 1 screen /skriːn/ n. 屏幕 2 recognize /'rekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认出 3 desktop /'desktɒp/ n. 台式电脑 4 laptop /'læptɒp/ n. 便携式电脑 5 palmtop /'pɑm'tɑp/ n. 掌上电脑 6 tiny /'taɪnɪ/ adj. 极小的 7 unaware /ʌnə'weə/ adj. 没有意识的 8 depend /dɪ'pend/ v. 依赖 9 common /'kɒmən/ adj. 普遍的，常见的 10 knowledge /'nɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识 11 rarely /'reəlɪ/ adv. 罕有 12 print /prɪnt/ v. 打印 13 importantly /ɪm'pɔːt(ə)ntlɪ/ adv. 重要地 14 operate /'ɒpəreɪt/ v. 操作 15 aeroplane /'eərəpleɪn/ n. 飞机 16 spaceship /'speɪsʃɪp/ n. 宇宙飞船 17 meaning /'miːnɪŋ/ n. 意思 18 command /kə'mɑːnd/ v. 命令 19 CD-ROM /si:di:'rɔm/ n. 只读光盘 20 DVD-ROM /di:vi:'rɔm/ n. 数字只读光盘 21 writing /'raɪtɪŋ/ n. 文章 22 aware /ə'weə/ adj. 意识到 23 order /'ɔːdə/ n.&v. 订购 24 blank /blæŋk/ adj. 空白的 25 supply /sə'plaɪ/ n. 贮备，供应量 26 contract /'kɒntrækt/ n. 联系 27 reference /'ref(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. 参考 28 quantity /'kwɒntɪtɪ/ n. 数量 29 length /leŋθ/ n. 长度 30 seat /siːt/ n. 座位 31 peak /piːk/ n. 山顶 32 court /kɔːt/ n. 公寓大楼；法庭；球场 33 distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离 二、词组Phrases 1. be (un)aware of(+doing sth)=realize that... (没)意识到；(未)察觉 2. common knowledge It’s common knowledge that=As we all know众所周知 常识 3. for the time being=at present=now 暂时;眼下 4. depend on=rely on 依靠，依赖 5. contact with 与...联系 6. a quantity of 大量的 7. take a seat 入座 8. seem to be 看来，好像 9. be short of=be lack in=lack sth=a lack of sth 缺乏 10. be used for doing=be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 11. help sb. do sth.=help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 12. hear from=receive a letter from（区别：hear of） 听到，收到...的来信 13. since then=ever since 从那以后 14. the answer to the question 问题的答案 15. be able to do 能够做某事 16. be good at doing sth.=do well in sth. 擅长做某事 17. have nothing to do with 与...无关 18. millions of（区别：two million） 数以百万计 19. be popular with/among 在...中受欢迎 20. obey one’s commands 服从某人的命令 21. put forward 提出 22. in my opinion=as far as I’m concerned 我认为 23. in the end=at last=finally 在最后 24. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 25. overcome these difficulties to do sth. 为了做成某事克服很多困难 26. the number of (区别：a number of 大量的) ...的数量 27. be available to 可被利用/得到的 28. a wide range of 大量的 29. communicate with sb. 与某人交流 30. a series of 一系列的 31. all over the world=throughout the world 遍布世界 32. in addition to 除了...之外 33. all the time 一直 34. at the same time 与此同时 35. more importantly 更重要的是 36. most importantly 最重要的是 三、词性转换 基础版 1 accurate adj. 准确的 accurately adv. 准确地 2 aware adj. 意识到 unaware adj. 没意识到 3 calculate v. 计算 calculator n. 计算器 calculation n. 计算 4 depend v. 依靠，依赖 dependent n. 依赖的，依靠的 independent n. 独立的，有主见的 5 know v. 知道，了解；认识；懂得 knowledge n. 知识，学问 6 mean v. 意思是；意味着 meaning n. 意思 7 length n. 长度 long adj. （时间）长的，（距离）远的 8 sit v. 坐 seat n. 座位 9 speak v. 说；讲；谈话；发言 speaker n. 扬声器；喇叭 speech n. 演讲；说话 提高版 1. unaware (adj.)无意识到的→aware adj 意识到的→(un)awareness (n.) (无)意识 2. rare (adj.) 罕有的→rarely (adv.) 罕有地 3. important (adj.) →importantly (adv.) 重要地→importance (n.) 重要性→unimportant (adj.)不重要的 4. operate (v.) 做手术,操控→operator (n.) 操作员→operation (n.)手术 5. long (adj.) 长的→length (n.) 长度 weigh (v.) 称重量→weight (n.) 重量 high (adj.) 高的→height (n.) 高度 deep adj.深的→ depth (n.) 深度→deepen (v.)加深 wide (adj.) 宽的→width (n.) 宽度→widen (v.) 加宽 7. mean (v.) 意思是→meaning (n.) 意思→meaningful(adj.) 有意义的→meaningless(adj.) 无意义的 8. electricity (n.) 电→ electric (adj.)带电的→electrical (adj.)与电有关的→electronic (adj.) 电子的 9. choose (v.) 选择→choice (n.) 选择 10. know (v.) 知道→knowledge (n.) 知识→knowledgeable (adj.) 博学的 11.print (v.) 打印→printer (n.)打印机，印刷工→printable (adj.)可印刷的 12.depend (v.)依靠→dependence (n.)依靠→dependent (adj.).依靠的；依赖的 →independent (adj.)独立的→independence (n.)独立 13.distance (n.).距离→distant (adj.)遥远的；疏远的；冷漠的 14.instruct (v.)提示，指导→ instruction (n.)指示；教导→ instructive (adj.)有教育意义的 第二部分 代词 1. 代词的含义：代词是为了避免重复，用来代替名词或者名词短语的词。 2. 代词的分类 根据功能不同，代词可以分为八大类。 分类 含义 形式 人称代词 表示我（们）、你（们）、他（们）、她（们）、它（们） 主格：I/we/you(你)/you(你们)/he/she/ it/ they 宾格：me/us/you(你)/you(你们)/him/her/it/ them 物主代词 表示物体所属关系的代词 形容词性物主代词：my/ our/ your(你的)/your(你们的)/ his/her/its/their 名词性物主代词：mine/ ours/yours(你的东西)/yours(你们的东西)/ his/hers/ its/ theirs 反身代词 用来表示 “某人自己”的词 myself/ourselves/yourself/yourselves/himself/ herself/itself/ themselves 指示代词 用来指代或标识人或事物 近指：this（可用于电话用语）/these 远指：that（可用于电话用语）/those 疑问代词 用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词 who/whom/whose/ what/ which 不定代词 表示笼统指代，不能确定指代具体哪些人或物 much/little/some/any/none/neither/few/other everything/someone/something/somebody等 关系代词 连接定语从句的代词 that/which/who/ whose/as/whom 相互代词 表示相互关系 one another / each other · 知识点1------人称代词的用法 人称代词主格和宾格的区分要点：人称代词主格作主语，放在句首；人称代词宾格作宾语，放在动词和介词之后。做题时需要注意代词的位置，根据位置选择。如： I love my country.我爱我的祖国。 My mother is waiting for him outside.我的妈妈正在外面等他。 I don’t know her.我不认识她。 注意：人称代词的各种变化形式前面或后面不接不定冠词，a,an和定冠词the.例如：不存在the we,a we,the my bag,my a book,our the school,a his book说法。 【例题精讲】 1. There are lots of rivers in China, and the longest of __________(they) is the Changjiang River. 2. Mary, our teacher asked you and __________(I) to do the cleaning after school today. 答案：them; me 【巩固练习】 1.Han Han is very popular among the teenagers. We all like __________. A. him B.he C. she D. himself 2. --- Look ,that’s Mike, your classmate. --- Yes. Let’s go and say hello to __________. A.him B.he C.her D.them 3. We have noticed the problems, and __________ will be discussed at the meeting. A. you B. it C. they D. us 答案：A; A; C · 知识点2------物主代词的用法 1. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的区分要点：形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特点，不能在句中单独使用，后面要跟名词；名词性物主代词具有名词的特点，可以在句中单独使用，后面不接名词。如： His parents are both office workers.他的父母都是上班族。 This is my dictionary. Where is yours?这是我的字典。你的字典在哪里？ My idea is quite different hers.我的想法和她的想法大不同。 【例题精讲】 1. Our house is a little larger than __________(they) and it has more furniture in it. 2. May I introduce Mike, a good friend of __________(I) to you? 答案：theirs; mine 【巩固练习】 1. Lost in Thailand is a very successful comedy. It’s __________ favorite movie. I like it very much. A. his B. mine C. her D. my 2. --- Excuse me, is this __________ new camera? --- Yes, it’s __________. A. your; my B. your;mine C. yours;my D. yours;mine 3. This is not my Walkman. It’s __________. Mine is over there. A. our B. hers C. your D. my 答案：D; B; B 2. 人称代词和物主代词的区分要点：人称代词指代的是人或物，而物主代词指的是人与人、人与物之间的所属关系。 【巩固练习】 1. If you want people to treat you nicely, you have to treat __________ nicely, too. A.their B. they C. them D. themselves 2. After Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize, more people began to read __________ books. A. he B. him C. his D. himself 3. --- Have you got an iPhone 5? --- No, many young people began to say “No” to it because of __________ follow-up service. By the way, I am a supporter of Chinese products. A. it’s B. its C. it D. itself 4. --- Is this new book, Shirley? --- No, it isn’t. Maybe it’s __________. A. your; his B. your; him C. yours; his D. yours; him 5. This morning Diana invited __________ to __________ birthday party. A. I; her B. I; hers C. me; her D. me; hers 答案：C; C; B; A; C · 知识点3------反身代词的用法 1.反身代词的常考点一是：人称和数的选择，所以要注重句子的翻译，特别要注意人称的对应和反身代词单复数的选择。 2.反身代词的常考点二是：一些固定搭配的选用。 含有反身代词的常用结构： help oneself (to) 自便 enjoy oneself 玩的开心 teach oneself自学 say to oneself自言自语 keep a secret to oneself 保密 hurt oneself受伤 by oneself独自 introduce oneself 介绍自己 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣 lose oneself in 沉迷于 devote oneself to 奉献 leave sb. by oneself 将某人独自留下 make yourself at home不受约束 take care of/look after oneself照顾某人自己 如： The little boy is too young to look after himself.这个小男孩太小不能照顾自己。 The children made model planes by themselves.孩子们自己做了飞机模型。 【例题精讲】 1. --- Hi, guys. How was your party yesterday? --- Wonderful! We had a big meal and enjoyed __________. A. themselves B. myself C. yourselves D. ourselves 解析：考查反身代词的用法。themselves“他们自己”，myself“我自己”，yourselves“你们自己”，ourselves“我们自己”。据句意“我们吃了顿大餐，玩得很开心”，所以选择答案D。 2. Peng Liyuan, the new first lady, has devoted __________ to charity activities over the years. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself 解析：考查反身代词的用法。这里devote oneself to sth.是固定词组，表示奉献于...,所以答案选D。 3. --- Is this model plane yours, Susan? --- Yes, it’s mine. It’s made by __________. A. myself B. yourself C. himself D. herself 解析：本题考查反身代词的固定词组by oneself。根据句意：那是我自己做的，答案选A。 4. His name is James, but he calls __________ Jim. A. his B. himself C. him D. / 解析：本题考查反身代词的用法。根据句意：他的名字叫James，但是他喊自己Jim.答案选B。 5. --- Help __________ to some fish, my boy. --- Thanks. A. you B. yours C. yourself D. yourselves 解析：my boy为单数，所以用yourself，选C. 【巩固练习】 1. Come and enjoy __________(you), dear! It’s my honor to invite all of you here. 2. “You’re old enough, boy. You’d better do it __________(you).” My father said to me. 3. It is too dangerous for the young children to play near the river by __________(they) 4. My daughter is old enough to look after __________(she). She can stay at home alone. 5. Sometimes teenagers should be allowed to make decisions by __________(自己). 答案：1. yourselves; 2. yourself ; 3. themselves; 4. herself; 5. themselves · 知识点4------it,that,one的选择 区分要点： 1.it指与前面已经提到的事物为同一物。简称“同类又同物”。 如：The book is mine. It’s very interesting. 2. one 指与前面提到事物为同类事物。简称“同类不同物”，属于泛指。复数形式是ones。如： ---Who has a pen? ---I have one. 3. that常用于比较结构中，指与前面提到事物为同类事物。简称“同类不同物”，但属于特指。复数形式是those。 如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 北京冬天的天气比广州冬天的天气冷。 【例题精讲】 例1：The actors in this film played better than __________ in that film. A. those B. that C. it D. this 例2： --- Have you got any books on English grammar? I want to borrow __________. --- Yes, here you are. But you must return it by Friday. A. one B. it C. some D. that 例3：--- I bought Tiny Times, a book written by Guo Jingming. Would you like to read __________? --- No, thanks. I have already bought __________. A.one; it B. it; one C.one; one D.it; it 例4：--- Mum, Mary bought a parrot yesterday. Could you please buy __________ for me? --- Sure. But you must take good care of __________. A. one;it B. this;one C. it;one D. one;one 例5：I forget to bring a pen. Would you lend me __________? A. one B. that C. it D.this 答案：A; A; B; A; A · 知识点5------代词it的用法 代词it的用法较多，主要的有： 一、单独使用 1. 指代前面提到过的事物。如：This is not my book. It’s Jim’s. 2. 指代婴儿或不明身份的人。如：Someone is knocking at the door, please go and see who it is. 3. 指时间、季节、天气、时间、星期或距离。如： It is ten o’clock. It is sunny today. How far is it from your school to your home? 2、 用在某些固定句型中（教师需要重点通过例题教授） 1. 用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中： ① It is +形容词/名词+ for/of sb. to do sth. 表示对某人来说做某事是……/ 某人做某事是……的。如： It is important for us to work hard.对于我们来说努力工作是重要的。 It is nice of you to help me so much.你人真好帮助我这么多。 It is an honor for me to get the prize. 对于我来说赢得奖项是一种荣耀。 批注：当形容词描述的是行为者的性格品质，如nice, kind, good, wrong, clever, foolish, silly, careless, generous, selfish, polite等，则用句型It is +形容词+of sb to do sth; 当形容词描述的是这件事情怎样，如important, necessary, impossible, possible, interesting, hard, difficult, easy等，则用句型It is +形容词+for sb to do sth. ② It is +形容词+that从句。如： It is necessary that you should be present at the meeting. ③It is time to do sth./It is time for sth./ It is time +that从句，表示到做……的时间了。如： It is time to get up. It is time for lunch. It is time that we go home. ④It seems that ..., 表示看起来好像……。如： It seems that he is very happy. ⑤ It is one’s turn to do sth.表示轮到某人做某事。如： It is your turn to sing. ⑥It takes/took sb. +时间+to do sth.表示花费某人多长时间做某事。如： It took me two months to write the article. 2. 用作形式宾语 句型：sb. finds/thinks /makes it+形容词+to do sth. 表示某人发现/认为做某事是……的。如： I find it interesting to make model planes. 我发现做模型飞机是有趣的。 I think it necessary to learn English well. 我认为把英语学好是有必要的。 He made it a success. 他成功了。 3. 用于某些被动句句型中 It is believed/reported/said/considered +that从句……表示大家认为……/据报道……/据说……/人们认为……如： It is believed that he will come to the party on time.据说他会准时来派对。 It is reported that the president will come to visit our city next month. 【例题精讲】 例1：The doctor advised Elsa strongly that she should take a good rest, but __________ didn’t help. A. she B. it C.which D.he 解析：根据句意：医生强烈建议Elsa好好休息，但是毫无效果。这里毫无效果就是指的前面的医生的建议，所以是考查it指代前面说过事物的用法，答案选B。 例2：--- Who is singing in the next room？ --- __________ must be Marie. A. It B. She C.This D. There 解析：根据句意：---谁在隔壁唱歌？---肯定是Marie. 这里是考查it用于表示未知的人或物。所以答案选A。 例3：All of us find __________ necessary to take exercise every day. A. this B. that C.it D.them 解析：根据句意：我们所有人都觉得每天锻炼很有必要。这里考查的是find it+形容词+to do sth. 的句型。 此处it做find 的形式宾语，指代 to take exercise every day. 所以答案选C。 例4：We think __________ necessary to protect the earth. A.it B.this C. that D.what 解析：此处考查的是形式宾语it的用法。Sb. find it +形容词+to do sth. 意思是“某人发现做某事是......”,故答案选A。 例5：Class 2 will go for a picnic. They made __________ 6 o’clock to meet at the foot of Mt.Tai. A. it B. that C.them D./ 解析：根据句意：二班将去野餐，他们商定6点钟在泰山脚下集合。本题考查代词it做形式宾语的用法。因此答案选A。 例6：__________ really generous __________ the little girl to share her toys with other kids. A. It’s, of B. That’s, of C. It’s, for D. That’s, for 解析：此处考查的是it做形式主语的用法。句中形容词generous描述的是人物的性格品质，因此用介词of。故答案选A。 例7：How long __________ to finish your composition? A. will it take you B. will take you C. it will take you D. you will take 解析：本句是一个特殊疑问句，应用疑问句语序，因此排除C和D。根据句意：完成作文你需要花费多少时间？可知本题考察的是“it takes sb some time to do sth（花费某人一段时间做某事）”这一固定句型.因此排除B。选A。 · 知识点6------疑问代词概述 1.疑问代词的定义 疑问代词是用于表达疑问的代词；疑问代词引导的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句，疑问代词位于疑问句的句首，是句子的一个成分。 2.疑问代词的用法 疑问代词 主要用法 例句 who 谁 作主语、宾语、表语。 Who is the boy on the bike? Who are you talking to? whom 谁 who的宾格形式，作宾语。 Whom are you talking to? To whom are you talking? whose谁的 who的所有格形式。 Whose book is this? what/who what询问某人的职业、地位、性格特征、相貌等。 ---What is your father? --- He is a worker. who 询问某人的身份、姓名。 --- Who is the boy under the tree? --- He is Mike. what/which what指“什么”，没有一定范围的限定。 What would you like to eat? which 指“哪一个”，指在一定范围内特指的人或物。 Which do you like, spring or summer? 补充：疑问代词的形式中，what和 which 可指人或物，可以是单数，也可以是复数。 批注：对于疑问代词词义的辨析在中考中直接考查的很少，经常会渗透到听力、宾语从句连接词中或者是完型填空等综合题型中。所以这里的例题题量会比较少，教师在教学过程中需要强调这一点，关键是让学生能够辨清各种疑问代词的词义和用法即可，重点还是掌握后面与其他考点的结合。 【例题精讲】 例1：__________ schoolbag is this? –I guess it’s Lily’s. A. What B. Who C. Whose D. Which 解析：根据答句中的“it’s Lily’s”，可以判断问句是问这书包是谁的。所以选用疑问代词whose, 答案选C。 例2: --- Do you know __________ the girl in red is? --- I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher. A. when B. how C. where D. what 解析：从答句“a teacher”可知，上句问的是职业，所以答案选D。 例3: --- __________ can we go to the theme park tomorrow, Jack? --- Sorry, I won’t go with you. My father will drive me there. A. Who B. When C. Where D. How 解析：根据答句中的“My father will drive me there.”，可以判断问句是问去的方式，答案选D。本题主要是疑问代词和疑问副词的用法辨析。 例4： --- What does Mary look like? --- __________. A.She’s well B. She’s tall C. She’s a doctor D. She likes dancing 解析：问句句型问的是长相，因此答案选B。 批注：容易混淆的关于like的特殊疑问句及其答句： What’s sb. like? 问性格，特征 What does sb. look like？问外表，长相 What does sb. like? 问爱好 · 知识点7------疑问代词+to do的用法 1.“疑问词+不定式”结构通常在句中作宾语，这里在代词讲义中我们只涉及到what+动词不定式和which+动词不定式两种结构。如：I don’t know which to choose. 我不知道选哪个。 2. 疑问副词how与疑问代词what+不定式的用法区别 批注：该知识点是难点也是常考点，教师在授课过程中需要强调。 （1）how to do+宾语与 what to do ①how+不定式的结构中，动词不定式要加宾语。如：Could you tell me how to do it? ②what+不定式的结构中，动词不定式无需加宾语。如：Could you tell me what to do? （2）what to do with 与 how to deal with 一般地说，do with与what连用，而deal with则与how搭配使用，如: I have no idea what to do with the old car.我不知道怎么处理那辆旧车。 He doesn’t know how to deal with this matter.他不知道怎么处理这件事。 3. 疑问代词+动词不定式相当于一个宾语从句。 如：She has forgotten what to buy in the supermarket. = She has forgotten what she should buy in the supermarket. 【例题精讲】 例（一）：单选题 1. --- I don’t know __________ to do next? --- It’s easy. Press the red button in 2 minutes. A.what B.how C.where D.when 解析：本题考查疑问代词的用法辨析。根据句意，这里应该是接下来要做什么，所以答案选A。 这里容易错选B,表示怎么做。但是如果选how, do后面需要添加宾语。 2. My father has a computer, but he doesn’t know __________ to use it. A. what B. how C. who D. which 解析：本题考查疑问代词和疑问副词的区分。根据句意是他不知道如何使用。因此答案选B。 例（二）：填空题 1. 选用适当的代词填空 Of all the souvenirs, I really don’t know __________(what; whose; which)one to choose. 答案：which 解析：根据句意：在所有的纪念品中，我真的不知道该选哪一个。what是什么且不和one连用；whose是谁的，不符合句意。因此选which。 2. 用所给的词的正确形式填空 We have two rooms, but I can’t decide which one __________(choose). 答案：to choose 解析：该题考查疑问词加动词不定式的考点，所以答案是to choose。 3. 同义句转换 (1) I can’t decide which one I will buy. I can’t decide __________ __________ __________ __________. 答案：which one to buy 解析：该题考查疑问代词+动词不定式相当于一个宾语从句的考点。 (2) I couldn’t decide which dictionary I should buy, I couldn’t decide __________ __________ __________ __________. 答案：which dictionary to buy 解析：该题考查疑问代词+动词不定式相当于一个宾语从句的考点。 【巩固练习】 检测题（一）: 单项选择 1. --- __________? --- He’s a tall man with short hair. A. How is he B. What does he like C.What is he D. What does he look like 2. --- __________ model plane is this? --- I think it’s Jim’s. Look, his name is on it. A.Who B. What C. Whose D. Where 3. --- I’ll go to the USA next month. --- __________ for? A. Why B. How C. Which D. What 4. --- We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet. ---Really? Will you please show me __________ it? A.how to use B. what to use C. how can I use D. what can I use 答案：DCDA 检测题（二）：同义句转换 1. She didn’t know which blouse she should buy. She didn’t know __________ __________ __________ __________. 2. I’m thinking about what to say. I’m thinking about __________ __________ __________ __________. 答案： 1. which blouse to buy 2. what I should say · 知识点8------不定代词概述 1.不定代词的含义 表示笼统指代，不能确定指代具体哪(些)人或物的代词叫不定代词。 2.不定代词的分类 （1） 普通不定代词 初中阶段常用的不定代词如下： some/any few/a few / little/ a little none/ one/ other/another many/much either/ neither each/every both/all （2） 复合不定代词 复合不定代词是由 some-, any-, no-, every-加上-one,-body, -thing 等所组成的不定代词。 常见的复合不定代词有： somebody anybody nobody everybody someone anyone no one everyone something anything nothing everything 3.不定代词的用法 普通不定代词用法比较 (1) some与any 这里some 与any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句中。但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表示请求、建议带有感情色彩时应用some。any 还可用来修饰可数名词的单数，表示“任何一个”或“随便哪一个”。如： There are some eggs in the basket.篮子里有一些鸡蛋。 Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹么？ If you find any new words in it, mark them out. 如果你有发现任何新单词，把他们标记出来。 Would you like some tea?你想要来点茶么？ You can buy it in any shop.你可以在任何一家商店买到它。 批注：any表示“任何”的含义时，一般用于肯定句。 注意：not any表示全部否定，not every+名词/代词表示部分否定。如： I don’t believe in any of you here. 我不信任你们这里的任何人。 I don’t believe in every one of you here. 你们这里的人我不全都相信。 （2）many与much 这里many和much均表示“许多”。 ①many修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词如so,too, how等连用。如： There are too many mistakes in your exercises.在你的练习题里有太多的错误。 How many teachers are there in your school? There are three hundred. ②much修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词如so,too,how等连用。如： He never eats so much breakfast.他从未吃过如此多的早饭。 He has too much work to do.他有太多的工作要做。 How much water is there in your bottle? A little. 你的瓶子有多少水？一点点。 （3）either与neither either指两个人或物之中的任何一个，neither指两个人或物中一个也不。如： There are trees on either side of the street.路的两边有树。（注意side为单数） Neither of the books is good.这两本书都不好。 Either you or I am students.你和我之间有一个是学生。 注： 1. 后面两个例句的结构需要注意。 ①either/neither of+名（代）词的复数+谓语动词（第三人称单数） ②either...or...和neither...nor...连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与离它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。 2. either也可以作副词在否定句中表示“也”。如： I don't like dancing,he doesn't like it either. （4）both与all both表示“两者都”，常与and连用；all指“三者或者三者以上都”。如： Both she and I are students. There are many trees standing on both sides of the road. All of us should go there. They all agree to stay there. （5）each与every each和every都表示“每一个”之意。 ①each强调个体，可用来指两个或两个以上的人或事物，可以和of连用。当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 ②every强调全体，只能指三个或三个以上的人或事物，不能与of连用。在句中只能作定语，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。 如：There are trees on each side of the road. Every dog has its day. Each of us wears a yellow T-shirt. 注： There are many trees on either side of the road. =There are many trees on both sides of the road. =There are many trees on each side of the road. （6）(a )few与 (a) little 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 肯定含义 a few有一些 a little有一点儿 否定含义 few几乎没有 little几乎没有 如：He has a few friends. There are few tomatoes in the fridge. So we need to buy some. He has so little money that he can’t afford the book. There is a little time left. We don’t have to be in such a hurry. 例1: --- Excuse me, how can I get to Nanshan Mountain? --- Oh, __________ of these two buses will take you there. You must go and take No.3 bus. A.neither B. all C. none D. both 解析：句意：--请问，去南山怎么走？--哦，这两路公交车都不能带你去南山，你必须坐3路公交车。由语境中的two buses可以排除B和C选项，因为两者都是讨论三者或三者以上事物的；依据“You must go and take No.3 bus.”可知空格处需要的是表示否定意的词，因此答案选A。 例2: He invited some classmates to come to his party, but __________ came. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 解析:考查不定代词辨析。a little和little修饰不可数名词，a few和few修饰可数名词；a little和a few表示肯定，little和few表示否定；根据but判断句意前后有转折之意，前半句为肯定句，所以后半句应该为否定句，而修饰classmates需要用few，所以选择答案D。 例3：I am thirsty. Could you let me have __________ coke? A. little B. any C. some D. other 解析：句意：我渴了，你能让我喝些可乐？根据句意：首先排除A和D。其次，此句是期待对方有肯定回答，所以选用some在疑问句中代替any。因此答案选C。 例4：On Mother’s Day, our school advised __________ of us to write a letter to our mothers. A. every B. each C. everyone D. no one 解析: 句意：在母亲节那天，学校建议我们每一个人给自己的母亲写一封信。根据句意先排除D。其次,every后面应接名词；each既可加名词，也可以和of短语连用；everyone不能与of短语连用，故答案选B。 例5： --- Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? --- I don’t care. __________ is fine. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. All 解析: 句意：---你更喜欢哪一样，茶还是咖啡？--我不在意。任何一样都行。问话者只提供了茶和咖啡两种饮料选择。而all指三者或三者以上，不符合题意，排除D选项；both用作句子主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式，也排除;根据答句，表明后者不挑剔，任何一样都行，故答案选A。 例6： --- Which of the shirts do you like better? --- I’ll take __________. They are very fashionable and cheap. A.nothing B. none C. all D.both 解析: 句意：--这衬衫你会更喜欢哪一件？--我都买。它们又便宜又时髦。；由题干中的like better 可知是在两者中做选择。nothing没有东西，不符合题意; none三者或三者以上都不，表示否定；all 三者或三者以上都，表示肯定；both表示两者都，表示肯定。故答案选D。 例7：__________ police officers in the UK carry guns, but most of them don't. A. No B. Some C. Many D. All 解析: 句意：在英国有些警察带枪，但多数人不带。由题干“大多数不带枪”可知有些警察带枪。no没有；many许多；all所有的。均不符合题意。因此答案选B。 · 知识点9------复合不定代词用法比较 （1）some系列的不定代词和any系列的不定代词 ①some系列的不定代词一般用于肯定句。如： There is someone waiting for you at the school gate. ②any系列的不定代词用于否定句和疑问句，如用于肯定句，则有“任何”的含义。如： There isn’t anything else in the fridge now. 现在冰箱里没有其他的东西了。 Do you have anything to say for yourself?你有为你自己要说的话么？ Anyone should obey the law. 任何人应该遵守法律。 （2）everyone 与 every one ① everyone 的意思相当于“everybody”,只能指人，不能和of连用。如： I would like everyone to be happy. ② every one 既可以指人也可以指物，可以和of连用。如： I have every one of her letters. （3）no one, nobody, nothing与none 不定代词 用法 例句 no one 1 )不与of连用；2 )谓语动词用单数；3 )只能指人；4 )一般用来回答who,及含everyone, anyone,anybody引起的疑问句。 ---Is everyone here today? ---Yes, Mr.Ma. No one is absent. nobody ---Who’s in the room? ---Nobody,I think. nothing 1）指物； 2）一般用于what的提问。 ---What’s in the box? ---Nothing but a card. none 1） 强调数量，既可指人也可以指物；2）可与 of连用；3）用于how many 或 how much 提问的回答。 ---How many passengers were there on the bus at that time? ---None. 例1：I think __________ can make Andy change his mind. He is such a person who never gives up easily. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 解析:句意：我认为没有什么能让安迪改变他的主意。他是一个不轻易放弃的人。本句后句可知，这里是“没有什么”。 因此答案选C。 例2：She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was __________ left at home. A. nothing B. none C. something D. nobody 解析:句意：她起来服安眠药但发现家里一片都没有了。nothing没有东西，表示什么都没有；none一个都没有，强调数量；something某物；nobody一个人都没有。因此答案选B。 例3： --- The story is so amazing! It's the most interesting story I’ve ever read. --- But I'm afraid it won't be liked by __________. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 解析: 句意：--这个故事是如此的神奇！它是我读过的最有趣的故事。--但恐怕不是每个人都会喜欢它。not...everybody表示部分否定，意为“并非每一个人，并非所有人”。因为此句是否定句，考生易选成C, 告知学生当anybody表示“任何人”时一般用于肯定句，不用于否定句。答案选A。 例4：Make sure you’ve got the tickets and guidebooks and __________ before you leave. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 解析: 句意：在你离开前确保把票、指南等所有东西都准备好了。此题中的everything指的是all the things you should bring。答案选C。 例5：May I have a talk with you, sir? I’ve got __________ important to tell you. A.nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 解析: 句意：先生，我可以跟你谈一谈吗？我有重要的事情要告诉你。nothing表示没什么事；anything表示一些事，任何事；something表示某些事；everything表示每件事。根据句意选C。 · 知识点10------复合不定代词和形容词或else的连用 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something, everything, everyone等时，形容词必须放在复合不定代词的后面。 例1：My host family tried to cook __________ for me when I studied in New Zealand. A. different something B. different anything C. something different D. anything different 解析：考查形容词修饰不定代词的用法。题意为“当我在新西兰学习时，我的寄宿家庭努力为我做一些不同的饭吃。”形容词修饰不定代词时要后置，而且这是肯定形式，故选C。 例2： --- Have you read today’s newspaper? --- No, I haven’t. Is there __________ in it? A. something important B. anything special C. new anything D.special anything 解析：考查不定代词的用法。修饰不定代词的词要放在不定代词的后面；因为是一般疑问句的句式结构，所以用anything，故选答案B。 例3： --- Have you bought __________ for Linda’s birthday? --- Not exactly. Just some flowers.*#.co@m] A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual something D. unusual anything 解析：句意：--你为琳达的生日买了什么不寻常的东西吗？--不完全是。只是一些花而已。本题考查不定代词和形容的连用。一般疑问中选用anything,又因为形容词修饰复合不定代词时需置后，故答案选B。 例4： --- Would you like __________ to drink? --- Yes, I’ d like a cup of coffee. A. something else B. else something C. anything else D. else anything 解析:首先题干中的问句是期待对方有肯定回答，所以选用something代替anything在疑问句中出现，先排除C和D。又因为因为else修饰复合不定代词时需置后，故答案选A。 · 知识点11------other/the other/others/the others/another/any other的比较 1.other：修饰可数名词，表示“另外的……其他的……”。 例：There are other dangers.这里有其他的危险。 2.others：一部分可以用some来指代，泛指另一部分可以用others来指代。some...,others...一些...,一些...。others也可以指“其他人”，首字母常考。 例：Others say that China is a great country.其他人说中国是个伟大的国家。 There are many persons on the playground.Some are playing football,others are singing. 在操场上有许多人。一些人在踢足球，一些人在唱歌。（还有其他人在做其他事情。） 3.the other：只用于两个事物，两者中的一个用one，另一个用the other。one...the other...一个...,另一个...。 例：He held a sword in one hand and pistol in the other.他一手握着剑，另一只手拿枪。 4.the others：范围确定，one指范围内的一个，the others为范围内余下的全部；或范围内的一些(some)，另一方为范围内余下的全部(the others)。 some...,the others...。一些...,剩下的...。 例：To this question,some select the first answer,and the others select the second one.对于这道题，有些人选择了第一个答案，其余人则选择了第二个答案。（没有其他人做其他选择。） 5.another：代词；用于三个或三个上，泛指另一个another。后加可数名词单数或者基数词（大于等于2）+可数名词复数。 another week 另一周，再一周 another two weeks另两周，再两周 例：One is policeman,another is worker,and the third is teacher.一个是警察，另一个是工人，第三个是老师。 6.any放在肯定句，表示“任何一个”，后面加可数名词单数； any other（除自己之外）任何一下，后面加可数名词单数。 例：Tom is taller than any girl in his class.Tom比他班里的任何一个女孩都要高。 Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.Tom比他班里除他之外的任何一个男生都要高。 用比较级表示最高级的用法： Tom is the tallest in his class. =Tom is taller than any other student in his class. =Tom is taller than anyone else in his class. =Tom is taller than the others in his class. =Tom is taller than the other student in his class. 单项选择 1. My family has two dogs. One is white, __________ is black. A. other B. another C. the other D.others 解析：考查代词的用法。one … the other…“一个……，另一个……”。other“其余的”，后跟名词；another“另一个”，用于三者或以上的另一个；the other用于二者之间的“另一个”；others“其余的，别的”，后面不跟名词。结合句意可知此处指两者之间的另一个。因此答案选C。 2. --- The shoes don’t fit me.Would you please show me __________? --- Sure. Here you are. A. the other one B. the others C. another pair D. another one 解析：句意：--这双鞋不合适我，请你再给我拿一双好吗？---当然可以，给你。another再一，另一，又一，表泛指，可单独使用，也可以修饰名词或代词；the other 和 the other one 两者中的另一个；the others 其他的（表复数），another one表示另一个，表示另一双应该用another pair. 因此答案选C。 3. The twins are so much alike that it is difficult to tell one from __________. A. other B. the other C. others D. another 解析：句意：这双胞胎太像了以至于很难把其中一个和另外一个区分开。other其他的，表示泛指；the other两者中的另一个，表示特指；others=other+名词，指其余一部分，表示泛指；another三者或三者以上的另外一个，表示泛指。双胞胎为两个人，故答案选B。 4. Some people think that the grass is greener on __________ side of the hill. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 解析：句意：一些人总是这山望着那山高。山有两边，所以要用the other 来表示“两者中另一个”的概念，故答案选D。 5. --- Oh, the traffic is too heavy. --- Let’s change __________ route to the airport. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 解析：句意：---哦，交通太堵了。---让我们换另一条去机场的路线吧。根据句意，这里需要使用“另一”的概念，因此答案选D。 6. The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. __________ are climbing the hill. A. Others B. Other C. Another D. The other 解析：这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。因此答案选A。 7. I've just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, __________ are American stamps. A.the other B.the others C.other D.others 解析：此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定，所以应选特指的代名词。the other只能用作单数，而others是泛指复数代名词，故只能选B。 用other, the other, others, the others 或another填空 1. He is taller than any __________ student in his class. He is taller than __________ in his class. He is taller than __________ students in his class. 2. Some students like pop music while __________ don’t in their school. 3. I want some __________ books besides this dictionary. 答案：1. other; the others;the other 2. others 3. other 【培优练习】 兰生复旦代词专练20题 1. We asked John and Jerry,but_____of them could offer a satisfactory explanation. A. either B. none C. both D. neither 【答案】D 【解析】John and Jerry可知是两人。排除B.根据but转折，可知两人都neither没有给出满意的解释。 2. -Do you like_____ here?-Oh,yes. The air,the weather,the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. this B. these C. that D. it 【答案】D 【解析】考查代词。it作代词，表示后文所指的东西。句意：你喜欢这里吗？——哦，是的，空气，天气，生活方式，一切都如此的好。this,that,these作代词都要有明确的指代对象,而it可以作形式宾语,没有固定的意思。it 指代后置，真正要说明的事物在后面。注意此功能其它选项都没有。 3. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after_____he's done for you. A. something B. anything C. all D. that 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查代词及定语从句.句中all作介词after的宾语,又作后面定语从句的先行词,all后面的关系代词that被省略.由句子含义和结构看,只有C项中的 all 可填入空缺,表示"你父亲为你所做的一切".句意：你的父亲为你做了这么多事,你还这样说他,真令人不舒服. 4. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made_____ from some wood we had. A. it B. one C. himself D. another 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们厨房里需要一个新的碗柜．所以Peter用木头制作了一个。前面说到需要一个新的橱柜，因而Peter用木头做了"一个"，这里的"一个"是泛指． 5. We had three sets of garden tools and we seemed to have no use for _____. A. none B. either C. any D. each 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我有三套园林工具,但我似乎根本不用其中任何一套.首先前面有了NO,就不再用否定意义的 A.B而三者中的任何一件用any.因为any表示三者和三者以上的任何一个.each只表示两者中的任何一个, 6. Playing tricks on others is_____ we should never do. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 【答案】B 【解析】这题考查不定代词的用法：anything任何事，something某些事，everything一切， nothing没有东西，句意是：捉弄别人是我们不该做的事。选B。 7. She doesn't know anyone here. She has got_____to talk to. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one 【答案】D 【解析】anyone表示任何一个人,一般用在否定句和疑问句中.someone表示有一些人,一般用在肯定句中.everyone表示每一个人.no one表示没有人.根据题目的意思,前一句的意思是“这里的人她一个也不认识”,所以后半句要表达的意思是“她没有人说话”.所以答案是D. 8. —Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? —_____way as you please. A. Each B. Every C. Any D. Either 【答案】C 【解析】句意:——这三条路我走哪条路可到达那个村庄?——你可以走任何一条路。根据题干中的three ways 及句意,可知语境指三者或三者以上,any表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个,符合句意,故为答案。 9. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish_____ in two days? A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我已经做了大部分的工作,你能不能在两天内把剩下的做完?the rest剩下的（工作） 辨析 1、the others：the others必须指前面提到的可数的。 2、the rest：the rest指不可数的或可数的。 可知D选项错误。 10. I got the story from Tom and_____ people who had worked with him. A. every other B. many others C. some other D. other than 【答案】C 【解析】考查相互代词.根据句子结构可排除B项,因为它不能修饰名词;因Tom与other than people不能并列,故排除D项;A项表示"每隔…",若表范围,不能用every other,而应用all other,故排除A项.C项意为"其他一些人",符合句意.故选C项. 11. It is easy to do the repair. _____you need is a hammer and some nails. A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything 【答案】B 【解析】考查代词。句意:做修理活是很容易的。你所需的东西只是一把锤子和一些钉子。A. Something某物;B. All所有;C. Both两者都;D. Everything一切,常指事情或情况,强调个体,无确定范围。根据后文“a hammer and some nails”可知表明特定范围的所有东西,应用all。故选B。all you need=all that you need.此处定语从句省略that。 12. I intended to compare notes with a friend,but unfortunately _____ couldn't spare me even one minute. A. they B. one C. who D. it 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查人称代词的代指用法。用they代替前面出现过的a friend。虽然a friend是单数，但从说话者的语气看，也可理解为所有的朋友，所以这四个备用选项中A项为最佳选项。one用于泛指，如：I need a friend，one that can comfort me when I am in trouble．it也可用来指人，但它用于“确定身份”。如：“Who came here just now?” “It’s John．”; who是关系代词，引导定语从句，如果用它，应该把题干中的并列连词but去掉。 13. —One week's time has been wasted. —I can't believe we did all that work for _____. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything 【答案】B 【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——一周的时间已被浪费掉了。——我无法相信我们所做的一切毫无结果。A. something某事;B. nothing没有什么;C. everything一切;D. anything任何事。上文提到时间都被浪费了,可推测是没有什么结果,因此用nothing,短语for nothing“毫无结果,徒然”。故选B。 14. I had to buy _____these books because I didn't know which one was the best. A. both B. none C. neither D. all 【答案】D 【解析】由the best确定books为三者以上，故排除A、C两项，而none后应加of。 15. I invited Joe and Linda to dinner,but _____ of them came. A. neither B. either C. none D. both 【答案】A 【解析】neither两者都不。 16. There's_____cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get_____? A. little;some B. little;any C. a little;some D. a little;any 【答案】A 【解析】第一个空是形容cooking oil的,是不可数名词,所以需要little或者a little,但是根据后半句,知道是所剩不多,所以用little,这样就排除了C,D.第二空是我们要去买一点,所以应该选A,而非B,虽然此处是疑问句,但是A更符合语言环境和前后呼应.询问对方意见，并希望得到对方肯定回答，用some不用any。 17. —There's coffee and tea; you can have _____. —Thanks. A. either B. each C. one D. it 【答案】A 【解析】该题考查不定代词的用法。根据语境，这里应用代词either表示“两者中的任一个／种”。余项不合语境要求。 18. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we've decided to stay for _____two weeks. A. another B. other C. the other D. other's 【答案】A 【解析】another two weeks再（待）两周。another+基数词（大于等于2）+可数名词复数；another+可数名词单数。 19. We were in _____ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush 【答案】D 【解析】考查固定句式。句意：我们如此焦急，以致于当我们离开时，我们忘记了机票。分析句子可知，本句中运用了固定句式：such+an/a+adj.+可数名词单数+that…，而so+adj.+a/an+可数名词的单数+that从句。分析选项可知，D项符合题意。故选D。 【点睛】such…that…与so…that…都可以用来引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以致于……”。（1）such是形容词，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。句型结构可分为以下三种：①such+a(n) (+adj.)+单数可数名词+that从句。如：She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。②such (+adj.)+复数可数名词+that从句。如：They are such interesting books that I like them.这些书非常有趣，我喜欢它们。③such (adj.)+不可数名词+that从句。如：It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home.天气太坏，以致我不得不呆在家里。（2）so是副词，修饰形容词。so+adj.+a/an+可数名词的单数+that从句She is so good a teacher that all of us love her. 她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她注意：①当名词前面有many，much，few，little等表示数量的限定词时，只能用so。如：There are so many people that we could not move.人太多了，我们无法走动。②当单数名词前有形容词时，既可用so，也可用such，但不定冠词的位置却有所不同。如： He is such a lovely boy that we all like him.(= He is so lovely a boy that we all like him.)他是一个那么可爱的男孩，以致于我们都喜欢他. 20. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_____I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what 【答案】B 【解析】句意：多年之后与叔叔相见是一个令人难忘的时刻，一个我会永远记得的时刻。 本题主要考查定语从句和同位语。结合句意，本题表达“我会一直记得那个令人难忘的时刻”。分析句子可知，逗号之前是一个完整的句子，没有连接词相连，所以之后可能是一个定语从句，对先行词 moment 进行修饰，it、what 皆不可引导定语从句，且此处有逗号相隔，为非限定性定语从句，不可用 that 直接引导，排除A、C、D项；此处选择 one，对先行词 moment 进行替代，作 an unforgettable moment 的同位语，其后省略了关系词 that。故正确答案为B。 第三部分 词汇打卡D (带◆号为上海中考新增词汇) 单词 音标 词性 中文 1 daily ['deɪli] daily ['deɪli] a/ad/n. 每日的；日常的;每天.日报 2 damage ['dæmɪdʒ] n. & v． 破坏, 损害 3 dangerous ['deɪndʒərəs] a. 危险的 4 debate [dɪ'beɪt] v. & n. 争论，辩论；讨论 5 decision [dɪ'sɪʒn] n. 决定；决心 6 decorate ['dekəreɪt] v． 装饰 7 delay [dɪ'leɪ] v.& n. 拖延，延误，延期 8 delicious [dɪ'lɪʃəs] a. 美味的，可口的 9 deliver [dɪ'lɪvə(r)] v． 投递（信件，邮包）；传送 10 dentist ['dentɪst] n. 牙科医生 11 deny [dɪ'naɪ] v. 否认，否定 12 depend [dɪ'pend] vi. 依靠；依赖；指望；取决于 13 describe [dɪ'skraɪb] vt. 描写，叙述 14 deserve [dɪ'zɜːv] v． 值得 15 design [dɪ'zaɪn] v． 设计，策划 16 destroy [dɪ'strɔɪ] v． 破坏，毁坏 17 detail ['diːteɪl] n. 细节 18 detective [dɪ'tektɪv] adj． n. 侦探的; 侦探 19 direct [də'rekt] a. 直接的；直达的；直截了当 20 drawer [drɔː(r)] n. 抽屉 21 discussion [dɪ'skʌʃn] n. 讨论，辩论 22 dismiss [dɪs'mɪs] vt. 解散；解雇；遣散 23 disturb [dɪ'stɜːb] vt. 扰乱；打扰 ◆24 drama [ˈdrɑːmə] n.. 戏剧 ◆25 doubt [daʊt] n.&v. 怀疑，不相信 ◆26 donate [dəʊˈneɪt] v.． 捐赠 ◆27 disease [dɪˈziːz] n.． 疾病 ◆28 disappoint [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt] v． 使失望 ◆29 dining [ˈdaɪnɪŋ] pp.（分词） 进餐，吃饭) ◆30 digital [ˈdɪdʒɪtl] adj.. 数字的；数码的 根据句意用所给单词的适当词性填空 1. I looked up the new word in three different __________. (dictionary) 2. She knew she’d made the right _________(decide). 3. With the __________ of science, computers will be used more widely. (develop) 4. She told me there are quite a lot of _______ between American English and British English. (different) 5. I had no __________ in making myself understood. (difficult) 6. Flowers will __________ soon if they are left without water. (dead) 7. As a movie __________, he is already very successful. (direction) 8. He answered my questions very __________ and openly. (direction) 9. We had a ________ with them about the differences between British English and American English. (discuss) 10. Can you do some housework such as washing these __________ and bowls or cleaning the kitchen? (dish) 11. She would __________ you if you disturb her too often. (like) 12. The snow will soon __________ when the warm weather comes. (appear) 13. Emily is ______. Her mother helps her with everything. (depend) 14. The earth will be destroyed one day because of people’s _____(destroy). 15. The man gave the police some ______ about the thief. (describe) 【答案】 1.dictionaries 2.decision 3.development 4.differences 5.difficulty 6.die 7.director 8.directly 9.discussion 10.dishes 11.dislike 12.disappear 13.dependent 14.destruction 15.description 考纲词组默写 61. 对……感到满意 62.与……类似 63.对……严格 64.应该，被期望 65.对……感到惊奇 66.对某人很感激 67.习惯于 68.由于 69.属于 70.大人物;了不起的事 71.两者都 72.损坏;衰弱下来 73.闯人;破门而人 74.乘公共汽车/火车/飞机 75.亲自 76.顺便说;顺便问一下 77.使……平静 78.照顾;喜欢 79.着凉;伤风 80.改变主意 答案： 61. be satisfied with 62.be similar to 63.be strict with 64.be supposed to 65. be surprised at 66.be thankful to sb. 67. be used to 68. because of 69.belong to 70. big deal 71. both...and... 72.break down 73. break into 74. by bus/train/plane 75. by oneself 76. by the way 77.calm down 78.care for 79.catch(a) cold 80. change one's mind 第四部分 阅读提高 A. Choose the best answer (根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案) Sunday Tonight, Mom called for a “house meeting”. She told us that she was going back to school to start taking lessons. Well, it was totally out of my expectation. She is always there when I get home from school, and that’s the way I like it. But now, we have to make our own dinners and start doing housework. Wednesday The first few nights with Mom away have been a disaster. We tried making our dinner by ourselves. Manny made the iced tea, but it was undrinkable. Rodric cooked the roast beef, but it was a mess. Therefore, we bagged the homemade meal idea and went out to eat. Tuesday “Greg, why are the rubbish bags still at home? It’s your task!” Dad shouted and asked me why I didn’t do my job this morning. He said I needed to start being more responsible. I’ve heard it from Dad before. Last summer, our neighbor Ms. Grove, asked me to look after the plants while she went on business. Well, I watered them several times for the first few days and I got busy with other things. Ms. Grove was pretty mad because most of the plants didn’t make it. Thursday Dad is really serious about me taking on more responsibility. And first he wants me to wake myself up in the morning. That’s actually a real problem. Yesterday was the first day I tried to wake myself up, and it didn’t work out. My alarm clock went off, but the sound just worked its way into my dream. And today didn’t go any better. 39. Greg’s Mom called for a “house meeting” because she decided to ________. A. teach lessons at a school B. return to school to have lessons C. make dinners with us D. start doing housework 40. Greg felt ________ when he knew about Mom’s plan during the “house meeting”. A. proud B. delighted C. surprised D. relaxed 41. Therefore, we bagged the homemade meal idea and went out to eat. “bagged” probably means ________. A. thought about B. were aware of C. depended on D. gave up 42. What’s Greg’s task at home? A. Taking out the rubbish. B. Cleaning the house up. C. Looking after the plants. D. Waking others up. 43. From the passage, we can learn that Greg’s Dad expected him to ________. A. build up self-confidence B. become more responsible C. make friends with neighbors D. put up early in the morning 44. The passage is probably taken from ________. A. a science magazine B. a schedule C. a news report D. a diary 【答案】39. B 40. C 41. D 42. A 43. B 44. D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，为四篇日记。日记主要记录了格雷格的日常生活情况。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据“She told us that she was going back to school to start taking lessons”可知，妈妈告诉我们她要回学校开始上课。故选B。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Well, it was totally out of my expectation”可知，格雷格对妈妈的决定感到出乎意料，即吃惊。故选C。 【41题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“Manny made the iced tea, but it was undrinkable. Rodric cooked the roast beef, but it was a mess. Therefore, we bagged the homemade meal idea and went out to eat”可知，曼尼做了冰茶，但不能喝。罗德利克做了烤牛肉，但烤得一塌糊涂。因此，我们应该是把在家做饭的想法放弃了，然后出去吃。即划线单词表示的是“放弃”。故选D。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Greg, why are the rubbish bags still at home? It’s your task”可知，倒垃圾是格雷格的任务。故选A。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据“He said I needed to start being more responsible.”和“Dad is really serious about me taking on more responsibility.”可知，爸爸想让格雷格承担更多的责任，变得更有责任感。故选B。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Sunday...Wednesday...Tuesday...Thursday”并通读全文可知，本文主要记录了格雷格的日常生活情况，故可推测出，这篇文章是来自日记。故选D。 B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) Vertical Gardens Helen didn’t have a big yard. She only had a small deck (平台) overlooking a tiny piece of grass. It was not enough yard for her dog to play on. She really wanted a garden, but didn’t have space. Luckily, she came up with a creative idea to solve the problem. Helen used to keep a few plants in pots on the deck. They took up space and there was ___45___ any room for her table and chairs. Therefore, she made some flower boxes with rope to put plants in. She ___46___ one on her window and put two more on the bars, which were great for flowers. This helped for a long time, but she still longed for more. Helen finally got an idea: if she couldn’t build out, why not build up? She had heard of vertical gardening from a friend. She had wooden fences all around her little pieces of grass, so if she could fix some pots to the fence, she would save much space. Helen went to the building store and got some supplies. It was ___47___ to find pots in proper size and fitted her fence, so she looked around to find something else for her vertical garden. Then she had an idea with rain gutters (排水槽). Rain gutters can hold water, so why not plants? She decided to try them. Back at home, Helen fixed her boards to her fence for supporting the gutters. She put the cap on the end and extra supports in the middle. Then she filled them with potting soil and planted three long rows of ___48___. A few days later, there were new leaves. Weeks later, Helen was harvesting (收获) carrots to eat. She was so excited that she couldn’t wait to ___49___ her harvest to parents. Helen’s parents were surprised and cooked the carrots for dinner. They tasted delicious! Now, Helen lined all three walls of her fence with more long rain gutter planters. To her joy, she had made her vertical garden! ___50___, her dog had enough room to run free. The vertical garden was beautiful and lively as well! 45. A. usually B. hardly C. sadly D. probably 46. A. hid B. carried C. hung D. stuck 47. A. difficult B. attractive C. convenient D. simple 48. A. grass B. vegetables C. earth D. flowers 49. A. complain about B. live on C. pay for D. show off 50. A. For example B. In other words C. What’s more D. In brief 【答案】45. B 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了Helen设计并建造自己的垂直花园的过程和感受。 【45题详解】 句意：它们占用了空间，她的桌椅几乎没有地方。 usually通常；hardly几乎不；sadly悲哀地；probably可能地。根据“They took up space and there was...any room for her table and chairs. ”可知，因为花盆占据了平台的位置，就没有桌子和椅子的地方了，此处表示否定，用hardly。故选B。 【46题详解】 句意：她在窗户上挂了一个，在栅栏上又放了两个，这些栅栏很适合放花。 hid隐藏；carried携带；hung挂；stuck卡住。根据“Therefore, she made some flower boxes with rope to put plants in. ”可知是用绳子做了花盒放植物，这是为了把植物挂起来，用hung。故选C。 【47题详解】 句意：找到合适尺寸并适合她栅栏的花盆很困难，所以她四处寻找其他东西来做垂直花园。 difficult困难的；attractive有吸引力的；convenient方便的；simple简单的。根据“find pots in proper size and fitted her fence, so she looked around to find something else for her vertical garden”可知，找到合适尺寸的花盆很困难，所以Helen四处寻找。故选A。 【48题详解】 句意：然后她在里面填上盆栽土，种下了三长排蔬菜。 grass草；vegetables蔬菜；earth地球；flowers花。根据下文“Weeks later, Helen was harvesting (收获) carrots to eat.”可知，此处种植的是胡萝卜，属于蔬菜。故选B。 【49题详解】 句意：她非常兴奋，迫不及待地想向父母炫耀她的收获。 complain about抱怨；live on继续活着；pay for支付；show off炫耀。根据“She was so excited...her harvest to parents”可知，Helen迫不及待地要向父母炫耀她的收获。故选D。 【50题详解】 句意：更重要的是，她的狗有足够的空间自由奔跑。 For example例如；In other words换句话说；What’s more而且；In brief简而言之。根据“To her joy, she had made her vertical garden!”及“her dog had enough room to run free.”可知，前后句意是递进关系。故选C。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$