Welcome unit 单词讲解+词汇检测-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Welcome Unit 单词讲解 Section I Listening and Speaking&Reading and Thinking 1. exchange /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ ex-(out)+change 基本义：交换 (基本义也称“根义”，是各个义项衍生的基础。) n. 交换，交流，互换 (P2教材原句) I’m an exchange student from the UK. 常见搭配：an exchange student 交换生 an exchange programme 交换生项目 in exchange (for. . . ) 作为（与...的）交换 I gave Mary an apple in exchange for my favorite banana. vt. exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交流／交换某物 exchange opinions/ideas/views 交流意见／想法／看法 I shook hands and exchanged a few words with the manager. Before graduation, students exchange presents with each other. exchange… for … I’d like to exchange this dress for one of a larger size. 2. lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ n. 讲座 attend/go to a lecture 听讲座 give/deliver a lecture on history 做关于历史的讲座 联想拓展：He lectures on literature at Manchester University. 他在曼彻斯特大学教文学. My mother is always lecturing me about the way I dress. 教训、训斥 联想拓展： lecturer 讲师 3. register / ˈredʒɪstə(r) / vt.& vi. 登记；注册 formally record (a name, an event, a sale, etc) in a list ① How many students have registered for English classes? ② You must register with the police when you arrive in the UK. 登记、注册 联想拓展： call/ take the register 点名 a registered nurse 注册护士 registration n. 登记; 注册; 挂号 The registration fee is $75. 注册费75 美元。 4. nation / ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家; 民族; 国民 The entire nation was watching the opening ceremony of the Olympics.全国人民都在看奥运会开幕式。 （总称，谓语动词常用单数） 联想拓展：同族词： national, nationally, international, nationality 国籍 nationalism爱国主义 the United Nations 联合国 nationality /ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/ n. 国籍 ① She lives in France but has a Chinese nationality. ②--- What’s your nationality? --- British. 5. designer n. 设计者：构思者design+er(…的人) (P2教材原句) ---What does Amy want to be in the future? A designer. Carolyne is a fashion designer. design vt. 设计;谋划 design sth. for. . 为···而设计 design a car/dress/tool Our school invited two engineers to design a language lab for us. 我们学校邀请了两位工程师为我们设计一个语言实验室。 常见搭配: be designed for…(be made or planned for a particular purpose or use) be designed to do. . . 旨在做… 用于做… This test is specially designed for those who want to go abroad for further study. 这项测试是专门为那些想出国深造的人设计的。 Project Hope is designed to help those children who drop out of school because of poverty. 希望工程旨在帮助那些因为贫困而辍学的孩子。 design n. 设计：图案；构思；打算，意图 An Italian architecture（建筑）designer is to make designs for the new bridge. The design of the room was in the fancy(绚丽) style popular in those days. 常见搭配：by design (=on purpose) 故意地 反义短语：by accident/by chance （偶然地） Whether this happened by design or by chance is unknown.不知这事是有意安排的还是偶然发生的。 6. formal adj. 正式的 a formal announcement 正式的公告 formal dress 正装 People speak in a more polite way in formal situations. 联想拓展： formally adv. 正式地 informal in-(not)+formal 非正式的 an informal talk 非正式会谈 Section II Reading and Thinking 1. anxious adj. feeling worried,nervous or uneasy 忧虑的; 担忧的; 不安的 (P2教材原句) I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now. be anxious for sb./about sth.为某人／某事担心 Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? My mother always gets a bit anxious if we don’t arrive when we say we will. Parents are naturally anxious for children. 联想拓展：The parents suggested sleeping in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. (wanting sth. very much) anxiously adv.忧虑地，焦虑地 anxiety n. 担心：优虑：渴望 with anxiety焦虑地 2. annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ vt. 使恼怒；打扰 (cause trouble, anger or discomfort to sb.) ① She annoyed him with her stupid questions.她问的傻问题惹他生气了。 ② It really annoys me when I see people drop litter. ③ It annoys me to see him speaking to his mum that way. 联想拓展annoyed adj. annoy+-ed（感到）恼火的、生气的 常用搭配：be annoyed with sb. at/about sth.... 因为......对......颇为生气 ④ He got very annoyed with me at my carelessness. 因为我的粗心，他非常生气。 ⑤ Mr Davies was annoyed that the books are missing. annoying adj. annoy+-ing 使人生气的或烦恼的 ⑥ The motorcycle makes annoying noise when speeding up. 3. frighten /ˈfraɪtn/ (fill (sb) with fear; make sb. afraid; scare sb.) fright+-en(to make) ① Don’t shout or you’ll frighten the baby. ② The dog frightened the thief away/off. ③ You frightened the life out of me. 你吓死我了！ 联想拓展: frightened frighten+-ed adj. 惊吓的；害怕的 ① Don’t be frightened. We’re not going to hurt you. ② Are you frightened of darkness? frightening adj. 令人害怕的 a frightening experience/thought ③ Going into hospital can be very frightening for a child. 4. senior /ˈsi:niə(r)/ adj. 级别（或地位）高（ higher in age, rank, authority, etc.） senior high school 高中 senior high school students 高中生 senior citizens老年人(敬称) He is five years senior to me.＝He is senior to me by five years. 他比我大五岁。 联想拓展：反义词 junior adj. 较年幼的，地位较低的，资历较浅的 n. 青少年，晚辈 junior high school 初级中学 a junior doctor 初级医师 5. at last 终于; 最终 = finally = eventually ① I passed my driving test at last. ② Diana at last achieved her original goal as a super model. 请查字典并区分：last, lastly, last but not least 6. impress /ɪmˈpres/ im-(in, into)+press(压) vt. 使钦佩；给…留下深刻的好印象 （to make sb. feel admiration and respect） impress sb. with sth.给某人留下......印象 impress sth. on/ upon sb.使某人铭记/牢记某事 She impressed us with her knowledge. It impressed me that he remembered my name. The teacher impressed the importance of English on/upon me. 联想拓展：impressed impress+-ed 对…印象深刻的 The teachers were deeply impressed with/by your performance. impressive adj.令人印象深刻的 impress+-ive（形容词后缀） She was very impressive in the interview. impression n.印象,看法 impress+-ion （名词后缀） (P4教材原句) I want to make a good first impression. 7. what if 要是…会怎么样呢? (P4教材原句) What if no one talks to me? What if I make a mistake? What if we move the sofa over here? Would that look better? 联想拓展: If I thought about all of the what-ifs in my life, I would go crazy. What for? 为何？ Guess what!你猜怎么着？ So what？ 那又怎样？ 8. concentrate / ˈkɒnsntreɪt / vi.& vt. 集中（注意力）；聚集会神 (P4教材原句) I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. concentrate on = focus (one’s attention, effort, etc) completely on sth, 1 I can’t concentrate on my studies with all that noise going on. 用作及物动词时，其宾语多为 attention,mind,energies,efforts,thoughts等。 2 A driver should concentrate his attention on the road when driving. 联想拓展: concentration n. 专心，专注；关注，重视 concentrate+-ion （名词后缀） Concentration on your studies will result in good grades. 9. experiment n./vi. 实验、试验 do/conduct/perform/carry out an experiment These experiments showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. 10. leave...alone 不打扰；不惊动 (P4教材原句) I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone! ① She asked to be left alone but the press photographers followed her all the way. 2 I have told you to leave my things alone. 11. awkward / ˈɔ:kwəd / adj. 令人尴尬的; 难对付的 = embarrassing an awkward silence 令人尴尬的沉默 = difficult an awkward machine = inconvenient （不方便的） = not relaxed or comfortable 请给例句对应相应的含义： 1 He asked me an awkward question. 2 Please arrange the next meeting at a less awkward time. 3 She liked to dance but felt awkward if someone was watching her. 12. explore / ɪkˈsplɔ:(r)/ vt.& vi. 探索； 勘探 travel into or through (a place, esp a country) in order to learn about it (P4教材原句) . . . ,but I believe I will make new friends here, and there's a lot to explore at senior high. . . There is a lot for us to explore in a new country. Tricycles are worth using if you want to explore the narrow alleys (hutong) of old Beijing. 联想拓展: exploration. 探索：深测 the exploration of space 对宇宙的探索 explorer n.探险者，探索者 Christopher Columbus was one of the great explorers.哥伦布是伟大的探险家之一。 13. confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ adj. 自信的；有把握的feeling or showing trust in oneself or one's ability (P4教材原句) I feel much more confident than I felt this morning. 我比早上感觉自信多 be confident about sth./of (doing) sth.对（做）…有把握 be confident that. . . . 确信 1 I feel much more confident about myself and my abilities these days. 2 The team is confident of winning. 3 We are confident that the environment will be improved by our further effort to reduce pollution. 联想拓展: confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ n. 信心; 自信 confidently adv. 自信地，大胆地 lack confidence in oneself 对自己缺乏自信 build up one’s conficence I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as a new person. Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Section III Discovering useful structures & Talking 1. forward / ˈfɔ:wəd / for-(=fore-前面)+-ward(s)（向…） adv. （also forwards）向前；前进 adj. 向前的；前进的 look forward to 盼望；期待 (P6教材原句) Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 常用信件结尾：(I’m) Looking forward to your early reply. 1 We are looking forward to seeing you soon. 2 The day we had been looking forward to came at last. 我们一直期待的那一天终于到来了。 联想拓展：Ronaldo is undoubtedly considered to be one of the best forwards. 前锋 2. flash /flæʃ/ n. 光; 信号 vt. 使闪耀；发出（信号） flash card 教学卡片；识字卡 a flash of anger 怒上心头 flashlight 手电筒 A flash of lightning lit up the night sky. 一束闪电照亮了夜空。 Just wait here. I’ll be back in/like a flash. vi. 闪耀； 闪光；闪现，突然想到 Police cars arrived with their blue lights flashing. A good idea flashed into my mind. Memories flashed through his mind. A smile flashed across Cathy’s face. 3. organize /'ɔ:(r)gənaɪz/ vt. 组织；筹备； to plan or arrange an event, activity, etc. 1 I know how to organize a sports meet/ a trip/ a party. vt. 安排、分配 to put sth. into good order or into a system. 2 You should try and organize your time better. 3 When writing an article, we should read the topic carefully and organize your ideas. 联想拓展：organization n. 组织; 团体 organize+-ation（名词后缀） set up/form an organization the World Health Organization (WHO) organizer n. 组织者 organized adj. 有组织的、有条理的 a very organized person a well organized team 4. goal n. 目标(aim) ; 球门; 射门 make/ score a goal 进球（足球） achieve/ reach/attain one’s goal 实现目标 ① You just have to keep working toward your goal. ② To succeed in life, one first needs to set up a goal and then gradually make it more practical. 5. improve vi.&vt.改进；改善 to make things better ① We had better ask our teacher for advice on how to improve spoken English. ② The farmer worker’s living condition improves a lot, though still not good enough. 联想拓展：improvement n. improve+-ment（名词后缀） Section IV Reading for Writing 1. curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj. 好奇的; 求知欲强的;古怪的 ① Children are naturally curious. ② He was bright and curious about the world outside his hometown. 3 I’m curious to know his different opinion. 联想拓展： curiosity 好奇心n. curious+-ity （名词后缀） 常用搭配： out of curiosity 出于好奇 with curiosity 好奇地 2. company n. 公司；商行; （firm/business） set up/ start a new company 创建新公司 run/join a company 经营、加入一家公司 3. style n. (文学/艺术/建筑/音乐等)风格 The new houses have been built in a traditional style. It’s not my style. 4. revise / rɪˈvaɪz/ re-(again)+vis(to see) +-e（动词后缀） vt.& vi. 复习，温习（review, study） ① I spent the whole weekend revising for my exam. ② After school, I try to use any possible time to revise the things I have learnt during the day. 修改; 修订 revise rules ③ Could you help me revise my resume (简历)for me? 联想拓展： revision 【U】 revise+-ion （名词后缀） ④ How much revision do you do before the exam? 考试前你做了多少复习？ Welcome Unit 班级：_________ 姓名：_________ 组号：_________ 1 n.  交换; 交流  vt.  交换; 交流；交易; 兑换 2 n.讲座；讲课；教训   vi.  (开)讲座；讲课 vt. 训斥 3 registration 4 vt.& vi. 登记；注册 6 adj. 女(性)的; 雌的  n.  雌性动（植）物；女子 7 adj.男(性)的; 雄的   n.  雄性动（植）物；男子 8 n.国籍; 民族 9 n.国家; 民族; 国民 10 designer 11 n.设计; 设计方案   vt.  设计；筹划 12 n.校园; 校区 13 adj. 正式的；正规的 14 adj.焦虑的; 不安的 15 annoyed 16 vt.使恼怒；打扰 17 adj.惊吓的；害怕的 20  adj. 级别（或地位）高的    n.  较年长的人 22 终于; 最终 23 adj.爱交际的；外向的 24 n.印象；感想 25 vt.使钦佩；给…留下深刻的好印象 vi. 留下印象；引人注目 26 留下好印象 27 要是……会怎么样呢？ 29 vi.& vt.  集中（注意力）；聚集会神 30 集中精力于 31 n.实验；试验 32 不打扰；不惊动 33 adj.  令人尴尬的; 难对付的 34 adj.地位（或职位、级别）低下的  n. 职位较低者; （体育运动中）青少年 35 （美国）初级中学 36 vt.& vi. 探索； 勘探 37 confident 38 n.信心; 信任 39 adv. （also forwards）向前；前进     adj.  向前的；前进的 40 盼望；期待 41 记笔记 42 n.光; 信号 vi. 闪耀； 闪光；发出信号   vt. 使闪耀；发出（信号） 44 organise  45 n.组织; 团体; 机构 46 n.目标; 球门;  射门 47 n.策略；策划 48 n.同伴; 配偶；合伙人 49 vi.&vt.改进；改善 50 adj.  好奇的; 求知欲强的 51 n.公司；商行; 陪伴 52 n.性格；个性 53 n.方式; 作风 54 vt.& vi.  修改; 修订；复习 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$