2024年中考英语二轮复习课件 单选 知识点复习

初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 ANNUAL SUMMARY 2024 / 03 / 18 单选词性的辨析 名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、动词 单选专题复习 01 PART ONE 名词 表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词 普通名词和专有名词 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 名词 可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词 —— 单复数 （ 变化规则 ） glass-----glasses; book---- books 不可数名词 —— 量的表示 a glass of milk ------ four glasses of milk a piece of paper ------ two pieces of paper a bag of rice ------ three bags of rice 名词所有格 Da Mao and Xiao Mao’s room （共有） Li Lei’s and Tom’s mother 02 PART two 冠词 冠词是置于名词之前，表说明的一种虚词 定冠词 the 不定冠词 a an REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 冠词 定冠词 1、指前文已经提到过的人或事物。如： I wrote an article. The article was about physics. 2、指说话人都知道的人或事物。如： Please close the door before you leave. Let’s go to the classroom. 3、名词有定语修饰时，须用定冠词the,表示特指意义。如： The book on the desk is his. The teacher who talked with you is her mother. 4、用于世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the sun the moon 5、用在序数词前面表示顺序。如： I live on the fourth floor. My mother is always the first one to come and the last one to leave. 冠词 定冠词 6、与其他词连用，构成固定词组。如： on the left in the north in the front of 7、在表示乐器名称的名词之前用定冠词。如： the piano the violin 8、用在形容词或副词的最高级前面。如： This was the most interesting voyage we had ever had. He is the tallest of us. 9、用在形容词前面，表示复数意义的某一类人或事物。如： the rich the poor the young the living the new the right the true the beautiful 10、在表示江河、山脉、海湾、海峡、沙漠等专用名词之前加定冠词。如： the Changjiang River the Nile 11、用在年代、朝代、时代名词前。如： the Qin Dynasty in the 50’s 12、和表示姓氏名词的复数形式连用，表示某姓氏一家人或夫妇二人。如：the Lis the Martins 冠词 不定冠词 1、当第一次提到某人或某物时，用a或an起介绍作用，如： What is this? It is a bus. Who is she? She is a doctor. 2、表示泛指一类人或物 A snake is a cold-blood animal. A plane is a machine that can fly. 3、表示某一类人或事物的任何一个。如： She is a teacher; That is an apple. 4、可用于某些词组，是该词组不可缺少的组成部分。如： a long time a little a few at a time have a try take a chance 5、表示“每一个”的意思。如： three times a day four yuan a dozen 03 PART three 代词 代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 代词 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 代词 指示代词 this, these 表示“这”、“这些”，是“近指”。that, those表示“那”、“那些”，是“远指”。 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, what, which. 代词 不定代词 1）all指“三者或三者以上都” 指代或修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数 They are all men. 指代或修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数 All the milk is here. none 指“三者或三者以上都不” 多用于回答“how many”“how much”提问 代词 both 指“两者都” both of Both of the two boys are clever. both ... and ... Both he and his brother are clever. neither 指“两者都不” 修饰可数名词单数或不可数名词复数，谓语动词单数 Neither of them wants to go out. neither ... nor ... “既不 ... 也不 ... ” 谓语动词使用就近原则 Neither my parents nor I am outgoing. 代词 either 指“两个之中的任何一个” either ... or ... “或者... 或者...” “不是... 就是... ” 谓语动词就近原则 Either you and Tom has done it. 表示“也” I like apples, too. I also like apples. I like apples as well. I don’t like apples, either. 代词 不定代词 2) little, a little, few, a few little, a little修饰不可数名词； few , a few修饰可数名词；little, few表示否定，“几乎没有”a little, a few表示肯定，相当于some, any.There is a little milk in the glass.There are few students in the classroom, they’re in the reading-room. 代词 不定代词 3) every, each数量上区分：every 用于三个或三个以上的人或物 each 用于两个或两个以上的人或物 There are many trees on each side of the road. 意义上区分：every侧重整体，强调“全部，所有” each侧重个体，强调“每一个” Every student has a computer. Each student has a comuter. 代词 不定代词 4) some , any 口诀 some any 表一些，可不可数都可以 some用于肯定句，疑问否定用any 若表请求或建议，some 要把 any 替 I have some friends. I don’t have any friends. Do you have any friends? Would you like some coffee? 代词 不定代词 5) much , many many 修饰可数名词复数 much 修饰不可数名词复数 04 PART four 数词 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 数词 基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety twenty-one thirty-eight fifty-three a hundred a thousand a million a billion 数词 序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth twenty-first ninety-ninth a hundred and fifty-third 数词 时间表达 时间均用基数词表示：1）顺读法，先说“点钟”，再说“分钟”，如： 2:15 two fifteen 6:20 six twenty 2）逆读法30分钟以内：“分钟数+ past +钟点数”，如： 3:20 --- twenty past three 2:10 --- ten past two半小时用 half，15分钟用 a quarter : 2:15 --- a quarter past two 3:30 --- half past three30分钟以外要用：“分钟数+ to + 下一个钟点”，如： 4:35 --- twenty-five to five 2:55 --- five to three 数词 年月日表达 January February March April May June July August September October November December Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday What day is this ? 3 / 5 / 2018 日 序数词 3th third 月 月份 May 年 2018 twenty eighteen 2000 - 2010 two thousand and ... 数词 年月日表达 January February March April May June July August September October November December Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday What day is this ? 3 / 5 / 2018 日 序数词 3th third 月 月份 May 年 2018 twenty eighteen 2000 - 2010 two thousand and ... 05 PART five 形容词的比较级和最高级 形容词修饰名词，说明人或事物或特征。 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 形容词 变化规则 情 况 变 化 形 式 举 例 一般情况 在词尾直接加-er ; -est small - smaller - smallest 以e结尾的词 在词尾加–r ; - st ; large - larger - largest 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i，加- er; -est happy- happier- happiest 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，而且是重读闭音节 将该辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -est fat – fatter – fattest thin – thinner – thinnest big – bigger – biggest hot – hotter - hottest 多音节形容词 加more或most beautiful – more beautiful – most beautifuluseful – more useful – most useful 形容词 不规则形容词比较级和最高级形式 good, well – better – best bad, ill – worse – worstmany, much – more – most little – less – leastfar – farther, further – farthest, furthest 形容词 比较级的用法 1、当A=B时，则用 as … as …，中间用形容词或副词的原级。 表示A与B在某方面一样 He is as tall as I (me) 2、A≠B，则用not as(so)…as… 表示甲与乙在某方面不一样。 He is not so tall as I = He is shorter than I =I’m taller than he The boy isn’t as careful as that one = This boy isn’t as careful than that one 形容词 比较级的用法 3、比较级+than 形式 This lesson is more difficult than that one She is fatter than Kate 4、the+最高级+(in / of)短语 Miss Zhou is one of the most popular in our class He is the oldest of the three of 常与名词复数或表示数量的词连用。表示“在…之中” in常与表示范围或场所的名词连用“在…范围之中” 形容词 比较级的用法 5、more and more比较级连用表示“越来越……” In spring the weather gets warmer and warmer. He is getting busier and busier. 6、The more … the more 越…就越… The larger the bus is , the more people it can carry. 形容词 比较级的用法 7、比较级形式表达最高级：比较级+than any other+名词单数；比较级+than the other+名词复数 He is clever than any other boy---- He is the clevest of all the boys---- He is clever than the other boys 06 PART six 副词 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词，表示动作的特征、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 副词 副词的分类 1、时间副词：时间副词表达的内涵包括回答“什么时候”或“经常与否” A: how, then, yesterday, last time, today, just now, later on, so far, ago; B: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, hardly, ever; C: already, yet, late, early, soon, at once, at last, finally, at first, since; 副词 2、地点副词：表示地点或位置关系的副词。 A: here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere; B: above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, over, round, away, near; 注：B类中表示位置的副词有时也可作介词。 如：---come in, please --- They live in the next room. 副词的分类 副词 3、方式副词： badly, carefully ,politely, sadly, suddenly, happily. well, fast, high, hard. 副词的分类 副词 4、 程度副词： much, a little, a bit, very, even, so, too, enough, quite, rather, completely, terribly, nearly, hardly, not at all。 这些副词多用来修饰形容词、副词或动词以加强语气。 副词的分类 副词 5、 疑问副词： 是用来引导一个特殊问句，有时用来引导时间状语从句或宾语从句。 疑问副词有：how, when, where, why, who 副词的分类 07 PART seven 介词 副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词，表示动作的特征、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 介词 形容词与介词的固定搭配 （1） careful about hopeful about sure about（2） good at surprised at angry at（3）famous for ready for sorry for（4）different from （5）interested in successful in 介词 名词与介词的固定搭配 （1） He made up an excuse for being late. Did you find the cause for your failure? （2） He has some difficulty in translating the book She has made great progress in English. （3）She found another way of solving the problem He forms a bad habit of getting up late 介词 名词与介词的固定搭配 （4）There have been several attacks on foreigners recently. （5）I wanted to have a talk with you. He is always getting into trouble with the police. 介词 方位介词 in front of in the front of behind in under below on over above 时间介词 in on at 五过 through across over past alone 之间 between among 地点介词 in at 08 PART eight 连词 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种。 并列连词是连接彼此并列关系的词。 从属连词是用来引导从句的词。 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 连词 并列连词 连接词、词组和句子 （1）并列关系 and 、both ... and ... 、not only ... but also ... 、neither ... nor ... （2）选择关系 or 、either ... or ...（3）转折 but 、while 、yet 、however （4）因果 so 、therefore 、for 连词 并列连词 连接词、词组和句子 Let's sit down and have a rest. She could neither speak the language nor write it. A man should have both courage and perseverance. We should not only be bold,but also be cautious. I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. You may do it yourself,or ask someone else to do it. I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 连词 并列连词 连接词、词组和句子 He tried hard but he was unsuccessful. The car was old,yet it was in excellent condition. She felt ill.She went to work,however,and tried to concentrate. You'd better put on your sweater,for it's rather cold outside. My sister is waiting for me,so I must go now. You are right,therefore we should support you. 连词 从属连词 连接主句和从句 （1）时间状语从句 when — There was prolonged applause when he began to speak. as — As he entered,the hall burst into thunderous applause. after — After I visit Shanghai Ill travel up the Yangtze River. （2）原因状语从句 because —He failed because he was too careless. as —As it was already rather dark,we decided to stop at the temple for the night. since --- Since you don't want to go,we won't force you to. 连词 从属连词 连接主句和从句 （3）条件状语从句 if —lf you can do it,so can l. unless —l won't go unless you want me to. （4）让步状语从句 although/though Everybody worked with great enthusiasm although/though the weather was extremely cold. even if / though Even if I have to walk all the way Ill get there. 09 PART nine 动词 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 表示动作或心理行为的词 动词 从用法上分为谓语动词和非谓语动词 谓语就是句子中描述主语的动作、状态和特征 谓语动词分为【实义动词】【系动词】【助动词】【情态动词】 【实义动词】又分为 {及物动词} {不及物动词} buy (主谓宾) / work （主谓状） 任何【实义动词】都有五种形式 原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词、第三人称单数格式 work worked worked working works 构成规则 动词原形 变化后 一般在动词原形末尾加ed look play looked played 结尾是e的动词加d live hope lived hoped 以辅音字母加y的动词，改y为i加ed study carry studied carried 重读闭音节的，又写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed stop drop fit stopped dropped fitted 规 则 变化形式 例 词 一般情况 加ing going asking 以不发音的e结尾的 去e,再加ing writing closing 以重读闭音节结尾的 双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing getting beginning 以ie结尾的 先将ie变为y，再加ing dying lying tying 动词 【系动词】不能单独使用，最常见的是 {be} 有意思 “是” {be}的八种格式： be / am / is / are / was / were / being / been 一些实义动词可以充当【系动词】 look you look beautiful. 【助动词】 没有含义 be / do / have / will / would / should 动词 She has known you for ten years.构成现在完成时态 Does she love me?构成一般现在时态一般疑问句 I have eaten dinner.构成现在完成时态。 I will buy ten glasses tomorrom.构成一般将来时态。 I do love her.这里“do”在肯定句中，起强调语气作用，没有真正意义。 Do you love me?构成一般现在时态一般疑问句 I do not love you.构成一般现在时态否定句 I did not love you.构成一般过去时态否定句 She does not love you.构成一般现在时态否定句 I have learned english for ten years. 构成现在完成时态。 动词 【情态动词】 can / could / may / might / should / must have to / need / be able to 10 PART ten 动词的时态 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 动词 一般现在时 do（第三人称单数用does） always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, ever, never, every day, now and then, from time to time If I see him, I’ll tell him to give you a call. 一般过去时 动词的过去式 yesterday, last week, a minute ago, in 1998, just now, in those days My mother was ill yesterday. 一般将来时 be going to 、 will tomorrow, next week, next month, in a few days, from now on There are a lot of clouds. It’s going to rain. He will help you if you ask him. 动词 现在进行时 be + 动词的现在分词 I’m cooking. 过去进行时 was/ were + 动词-ing this time yesterday, at that time, then, last night, at 9:00 yesterday, I was watching TV. 动词 现在完成时 have/ has + 动词过去分词 already, yet, ever, never, just I have taught in this school for ten years. I have taught in this school since ten years ago. 过去完成时 had + 动词过去分词 在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作 The meeting had begun when we got there. 11 PART eleven 被动语态 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 动词 This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.（一般现在时）The thief was arrested.（一般过去时）A new road is being built outside my house.（现在进行时）The man was being questioned by the police.（过去进行时）Your wallet has been found.（现在完成时）By the time we got there. The work had been finished.（过去完成时）My sister would be taken care of by grandma.（过去将来时）Your watch will be repaired.（一般将来时） 12 PART twelve 宾语从句 REVIEW 初三期末复习 词性——单选中的体现 情 况 变化形式 例词 一般情况 加-s girls; books; 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词 加-es classes; boxes; watches;brushes 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词 变y为i, 加es city---cities; baby---babies 以f或fe结尾的名词 变f,fe为v, 加es knife---knives; leaf---leaves 以O结尾的名词 potatoes; tomatoes；photos; kilos; bamboos; radios 不规则的变化形式policeman---policemen; man---men; woman---women; tooth---teeth; foot---feet; sheep---sheep; deer---deer;Japanese--- Japanese; Chinese --- Chinese; fish --- fish $$