【百练题 10】2025年新高二英语暑假作业 第一部分 记旧知，温故知新 人教版 适合全国新高二使用 学生版+教师版

2025年新高二英语寒假作业 第1部分 记旧知，温故知新 弯道处超车 百练题 十 2025年7月_____日 （词源：高中英语必修第三册UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS）练词汇 I. 读词表，写单词，记词块 1. a famous Chinese __________________一位著名的中国航天员 2. benefit both our ____________ and physical health 有益于我们的身心健康 3. ____________ a campaign 发起一项运动 4. create a peaceful community with shared future for ______________ 创建一个和平的人类命运共同体 5. ______________ reusable garbage as much as possible 尽可能多地回收可重复使用的垃圾 6. __________ into my mind 浮现在我的脑海中 7. ____________ one’s range 超出某人的能力范围 8. make full use of __________ energy 充分利用太阳能 9. be ________ on traditional Chinese art 热衷于中国传统艺术 10. a ______________ view 一种肤浅的观点 11. take photographs with a ____________________ 用智能手机拍照 12. take full advantage of our precious natural __________________ 充分利用我们宝贵的自然资源 13. ____________ great importance to children’s education 极其重视孩子们的教育 14. monitor n. 监视器；监测仪；班长vt. 监视；监测；监控 ①a heart ______________心脏监测器 ②______________ your blood pressure 监测你的血压 ③be elected ______________ of our class当选为我们班的班长 II. 想词根，忆词缀，记词串 1. ____________ adj. 精神的；思想的→________________ adv. 精神上地 2. ________________ n. 宇宙；天地万物→__________________ adj. 宇宙的；通用的→______________________ adv. 全体地，一致地；到处 3. ________ n. 缺乏；短缺vt. 没有；缺乏→______________ adj. 缺乏的；不足的 4. __________ n. 地球；世界；地球仪→____________ adj. 全球的；全面的 5. ________________ n. （对事物的）分析；分析结果→______________ vt. 分析 6. ______________ adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的→__________________ adv. 经常；定期地；有规律地→__________________ adj. 无规律的；不定期的 7. ______________ adj. 有限的→__________________/__________________ adj. 无限的→__________ vt. & n. 限制 III. 析语境，练翻译，写准词 · 词形转换 1. （2023·全国甲卷）I’m impressed by his famous philosophy of life, which is “Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land and the last to enjoy __________________ （universe） happiness. ” 2. Although feeling ________________________ （disappoint） and frustrated, in a district far from home, he settled down and managed to live __________________________ （independent）. 3. There is no denying that China’s economy plays an important role in the ____________ （globe） economy. 4. By taking exercise __________________（regular）, I have grown healthy not only physically but also ________________（mental） in the past years. 5. Though their time was ______________ （limit）, they managed to reach an agreement after a series of __________________ （argue）. 6. What counts is that I can’t wait to earn some pocket money to prove my ________________________ （independent）. · 动词的形式变化和固定用法 1. We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we __________ ________ __________ （give） you a hand. 2. These disasters made everyone sad and ________________________ （disappoint）, but the desire ____ ______________ （explore） the universe never died. 3. Lacking physical exercise resulted ____ poor health. However, people are beginning to attach much more importance ____ their health than ever before. 4. All passengers ____ board are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands. · 熟词生义（写出下列句中加黑词的词性和含义） 1. （2023·全国甲卷）The average spend per project will be around ￡823. n. _________________ 2. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. vt. _________________ 3. Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. n. _________________ 练综合 第一部分 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （24-25高一下·河北石家庄·期末）A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand — not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial (微生物的) life. NASA, the American space agency, said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, “It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs (悬崖).” The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes (沙丘) on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry. this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain. “I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history,” Meyer said. “As long as that’s true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden.” NASA currently has no robotic vehicle — either on Mars or in development — with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Mar-tian helicopters or planes without pilots. 1．What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study? A．A lot of little life. B．An amount of water. C．Some Martian hills. D．Dark markings are sand. 2．When do the markings come out? A．In Martian spring. B．In Martian summer. C．In Martian autumn. D．In Martian winter. 3．What does the underlined word “cryptic” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Icy. B．Magical. C．Strange. D．Undiscovered 4．What’s Meyer’s opinion about having life on Mars? A．Doubtful. B．Trustful. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. B （24-25高一下·河北石家庄·阶段练习）NASA’s first humanoid (像人的) robot, Valkyrie is going through a few of its final testing stages at NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston. Texas. The humanoid robot, much like Iron Man but constructed from metal and electronics, copies human walking and appearance. NASA is exploring if such machines can further space exploration, starting with the Artemis mission, according to Reuters. Standing at 6 feet 2 inches (188 centimeters) and weighing 300 pounds (136 kilograms), Valkyrie is an electric humanoid robot able to operate in degraded or damaged human-engineered environments, like areas hit by natural disasters. JSC designed and constructed NASA’s Valkyrie specifically for participation in the 2023 DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials. Drawing on the knowledge gained from the creation of Robonaut 2, the Valkyrie team at JSC created this robot in fifteen months. They integrated (整合) improved electronics, actuators and sensing abilities based on the advancements made in earlier generations of humanoid robots at JSC． In July, the humanoid robot went through testing in Australia to rate its software, generating valuable data and feedback (反馈) for NASA．These tests aimed to advance remote mobile dexterous manipulation (灵活操控) abilities. NASA has cooperated with robotics firms, including Apptronik based in Austin, Texas, to explore the insights gained from humanoid robots designed for Earthly applications. This cooperation aims to learn how humanoid robots developed for purposes on Earth could help the development of future humanoid robots meant for space. Humanoid robots to be arranged in space hold the possibility to perform dangerous tasks such as cleaning solar panels or examining equipment that is out of order outside spacecraft. This ability allows astronauts to focus on exploration and discovery without putting their safety at risk. “We’re not trying to replace human workers; we’re just trying to take the dull, dirty and dangerous work off their plates to allow them to focus on those higher-level activities,” told Shaun Azimi, NASA Dexterous Robotics Team Leader, to Reuters. 5．What is mainly presented about Valkyrie in paragraph 2? A．Its testing results. B．Its creation process. C．Its wide applications. D．Its appearance and functions. 6．What does the underlined phrase “Drawing on” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Making use of. B．Taking care of. C．Losing sight of. D．Keeping track of. 7．What can be inferred about humanoid robots to be used in space? A．They will replace astronauts soon. B．They are too expensive to be widely used. C．They can help astronauts avoid risky work. D．They have already solved all space problems. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The future development of space exploration. B．The comparison of different humanoid robots. C．The partnership between NASA and robotics firms. D．The introduction of a NASA-based humanoid robot. 第二节 七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高一下·江西·期末）As space exploration develops, it brings lots of benefits, ranging from economy to technology. It also opens up new frontiers for human potential and ambition. Scientific discovery 9 . Missions to Mars, the Moon, and beyond provide insights into planetary formation, the potential for life on other planets, and the origins of the universe. For example, studying the atmospheres of exoplanets helps scientists assess their habitability. Technological advancements Space exploration has led to the development of numerous technologies that have practical applications on the Earth. 10 , and the technology applied in satellite navigation systems was originally developed for space missions and is now used in everyday life. 11 Research conducted in space can help solve pressing global issues, such as climate change and food security. For example, studying how to grow food in space can provide insights into agricultural practices on the Earth, especially in extreme conditions. Economic growth and job creation The space industry is a significant driver of economic growth, creating high-paying jobs in STEM fields. 12 , and the growing space sector is expected to create even more employment opportunities. Additionally, the potential for space mining could lead to new economic opportunities. In conclusion, the advantages of space exploration are far-reaching. Beyond the field of scientific discovery, it drives significant progress in technology, fuels economic expansion, and develops international cooperation. Moreover, space exploration inspires the imagination and expectation of younger generations. 13 . A．Addressing global challenges B．Adapting to extreme conditions C．For example, satellite communications have come from space research D．Together, these elements shape a brighter and more informed future for all E．Some companies hire thousands of skilled workers to carry out space research F．As you know, astronauts have had difficulty doing space research for a long time G．Exploring space improves our understanding of the universe and our place within it 第二部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （23-24高一下·河南许昌·期末）In many ways, Mars is like Earth’s twin. But in many more ways, Mars is nothing like Earth. Mars was once a 14 world. But what happened to Mars? And most 15 , did life once exist on this Red Planet? On August 5, 2012, NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars. Its mission: to 16 whether Mars was once a place where living things could 17 . The rover started its 18 in a place called Gale Crater. It’s a huge crater (坑), stretching 154 kilometers wide. In the center is a mountain called Mount Sharp. NASA let the rover 19 there because Gale Crater used to hold a 20 filled with water. After the rover got there, it 21 some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments. And it found minerals that had water 22 up in it. With the 23 the rover collected, the science and engineering teams on Earth were able to 24 that Gale Crater was once a lake. One of the 25 the rover brought to Mars was a laser (激光器). It was used to study the composition of rocks and found molecules (分子) which contain oxygen. The rover’s 26 in Mars’rocks tells scientists that at some 27 in Mars’past, there was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, which is a 28 for most life. Do you know what most living things need? Water and oxygen! Where there was water and oxygen, there might have been life. 14．A．watery B．dusty C．sandy D．grassy 15．A．quickly B．certainly C．dangerously D．mysteriously 16．A．get over B．make up C．look for D．figure out 17．A．grow B．survive C．move D．gather 18．A．journey B．goal C．performance D．struggle 19．A．hang B．work C．land D．pull 20．A．street B．plate C．pool D．lake 21．A．broke B．analyzed C．obtained D．adjusted 22．A．waken B．lifted C．lit D．locked 23．A．data B．tips C．tricks D．tests 24．A．admit B．invent C．confirm D．accept 25．A．tools B．projects C．orders D．facts 26．A．success B．attempt C．discovery D．position 27．A．length B．level C．height D．point 28．A．sign B．rule C．will D．must 第二节 语法填空 （24-25高一下·浙江宁波·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mankind has always explored space in the hope 29 finding out more about the universe. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realize 30 (they) dream to explore space. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person 31 (travel) into space. Eight years later, Apollo 11 32 (success) in landing on the Moon, where Neil Armstrong took “a giant leap for mankind”. However, space 33 (explore) has faced many challenges. Astronauts must survive radiation and extreme temperatures. To solve these problems, scientists have developed 34 (advance) equipment since the 1950s. The International Space Station, 35 was built in 1998, allows astronauts to live and work in space for months. Nowadays, space programs focus on 36 (find) signs of life on Mars. Robots 37 (send) to collect soil samples in recent years. While some people question 38 space research is worth the cost, others believe it helps us understand Earth better. After all, as Armstrong once said, mysteries of the universe are waiting to be explored. 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新高二英语寒假作业 第1部分 记旧知，温故知新 弯道处超车 百练题 十 2025年7月_____日 （词源：高中英语必修第三册UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS）练词汇 I. 读词表，写单词，记词块 1. a famous Chinese astronaut一位著名的中国航天员 2. benefit both our mental and physical health 有益于我们的身心健康 3. launch a campaign 发起一项运动 4. create a peaceful community with shared future for mankind 创建一个和平的人类命运共同体 5. recycle reusable garbage as much as possible 尽可能多地回收可重复使用的垃圾 6. float into my mind 浮现在我的脑海中 7. beyond one’s range 超出某人的能力范围 8. make full use of solar energy 充分利用太阳能 9. be keen on traditional Chinese art 热衷于中国传统艺术 10. a shallow view 一种肤浅的观点 11. take photographs with a smartphone 用智能手机拍照 12. take full advantage of our precious natural resources 充分利用我们宝贵的自然资源 13. attach great importance to children’s education 极其重视孩子们的教育 14. monitor n. 监视器；监测仪；班长vt. 监视；监测；监控 ①a heart monitor心脏监测器 ②monitor your blood pressure 监测你的血压 ③be elected monitor of our class当选为我们班的班长 II. 想词根，忆词缀，记词串 1. 　mental　 adj. 精神的；思想的→　mentally　 adv. 精神上地 2. 　universe　 n. 宇宙；天地万物→　universal　 adj. 宇宙的；通用的→　universally　 adv. 全体地，一致地；到处 3. 　lack　 n. 缺乏；短缺vt. 没有；缺乏→　lacking　 adj. 缺乏的；不足的 4. 　globe　 n. 地球；世界；地球仪→　global　 adj. 全球的；全面的 5. 　analysis　 n. （对事物的）分析；分析结果→　analyse　 vt. 分析 6. 　regular　 adj. 定期的；经常的；正常的→　regularly　 adv. 经常；定期地；有规律地→　irregular　 adj. 无规律的；不定期的 7. 　limited　 adj. 有限的→　limitless/unlimited adj. 无限的→　limit　 vt. & n. 限制 III. 析语境，练翻译，写准词 · 词形转换 1. （2023·全国甲卷）I’m impressed by his famous philosophy of life, which is “Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land and the last to enjoy 　universal　 （universe） happiness. ” 2. Although feeling 　disappointed　 （disappoint） and frustrated, in a district far from home, he settled down and managed to live 　independently　 （independent）. 3. There is no denying that China’s economy plays an important role in the 　global　 （globe） economy. 4. By taking exercise 　regularly　（regular）, I have grown healthy not only physically but also 　mentally　（mental） in the past years. 5. Though their time was 　limited　 （limit）, they managed to reach an agreement after a series of 　arguments　 （argue）. 6. What counts is that I can’t wait to earn some pocket money to prove my 　independence　 （independent）. · 动词的形式变化和固定用法 1. We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time，otherwise we 　would have given　 （give） you a hand. 2. These disasters made everyone sad and 　disappointed　 （disappoint）, but the desire 　to explore　 （explore） the universe never died. 3. Lacking physical exercise resulted 　in　 poor health. However, people are beginning to attach much more importance 　to　 their health than ever before. 4. All passengers 　on　 board are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands. · 熟词生义（写出下列句中加黑词的词性和含义） 1. （2023·全国甲卷）The average spend per project will be around ￡823. 　　n. 花销，花费　 2. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. 　　vt. 提出，提请考虑（想法或计划）　 3. Start a business using the help of your local library. If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it. 　　n. 启动　 练综合 第一部分 阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （24-25高一下·河北石家庄·期末）A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand — not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial (微生物的) life. NASA, the American space agency, said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, “It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs (悬崖).” The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes (沙丘) on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry. this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain. “I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history,” Meyer said. “As long as that’s true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden.” NASA currently has no robotic vehicle — either on Mars or in development — with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Mar-tian helicopters or planes without pilots. 1．What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study? A．A lot of little life. B．An amount of water. C．Some Martian hills. D．Dark markings are sand. 2．When do the markings come out? A．In Martian spring. B．In Martian summer. C．In Martian autumn. D．In Martian winter. 3．What does the underlined word “cryptic” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Icy. B．Magical. C．Strange. D．Undiscovered 4．What’s Meyer’s opinion about having life on Mars? A．Doubtful. B．Trustful. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. B （24-25高一下·河北石家庄·阶段练习）NASA’s first humanoid (像人的) robot, Valkyrie is going through a few of its final testing stages at NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston. Texas. The humanoid robot, much like Iron Man but constructed from metal and electronics, copies human walking and appearance. NASA is exploring if such machines can further space exploration, starting with the Artemis mission, according to Reuters. Standing at 6 feet 2 inches (188 centimeters) and weighing 300 pounds (136 kilograms), Valkyrie is an electric humanoid robot able to operate in degraded or damaged human-engineered environments, like areas hit by natural disasters. JSC designed and constructed NASA’s Valkyrie specifically for participation in the 2023 DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials. Drawing on the knowledge gained from the creation of Robonaut 2, the Valkyrie team at JSC created this robot in fifteen months. They integrated (整合) improved electronics, actuators and sensing abilities based on the advancements made in earlier generations of humanoid robots at JSC． In July, the humanoid robot went through testing in Australia to rate its software, generating valuable data and feedback (反馈) for NASA．These tests aimed to advance remote mobile dexterous manipulation (灵活操控) abilities. NASA has cooperated with robotics firms, including Apptronik based in Austin, Texas, to explore the insights gained from humanoid robots designed for Earthly applications. This cooperation aims to learn how humanoid robots developed for purposes on Earth could help the development of future humanoid robots meant for space. Humanoid robots to be arranged in space hold the possibility to perform dangerous tasks such as cleaning solar panels or examining equipment that is out of order outside spacecraft. This ability allows astronauts to focus on exploration and discovery without putting their safety at risk. “We’re not trying to replace human workers; we’re just trying to take the dull, dirty and dangerous work off their plates to allow them to focus on those higher-level activities,” told Shaun Azimi, NASA Dexterous Robotics Team Leader, to Reuters. 5．What is mainly presented about Valkyrie in paragraph 2? A．Its testing results. B．Its creation process. C．Its wide applications. D．Its appearance and functions. 6．What does the underlined phrase “Drawing on” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Making use of. B．Taking care of. C．Losing sight of. D．Keeping track of. 7．What can be inferred about humanoid robots to be used in space? A．They will replace astronauts soon. B．They are too expensive to be widely used. C．They can help astronauts avoid risky work. D．They have already solved all space problems. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．The future development of space exploration. B．The comparison of different humanoid robots. C．The partnership between NASA and robotics firms. D．The introduction of a NASA-based humanoid robot. 第二节 七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （24-25高一下·江西·期末）As space exploration develops, it brings lots of benefits, ranging from economy to technology. It also opens up new frontiers for human potential and ambition. Scientific discovery 9 . Missions to Mars, the Moon, and beyond provide insights into planetary formation, the potential for life on other planets, and the origins of the universe. For example, studying the atmospheres of exoplanets helps scientists assess their habitability. Technological advancements Space exploration has led to the development of numerous technologies that have practical applications on the Earth. 10 , and the technology applied in satellite navigation systems was originally developed for space missions and is now used in everyday life. 11 Research conducted in space can help solve pressing global issues, such as climate change and food security. For example, studying how to grow food in space can provide insights into agricultural practices on the Earth, especially in extreme conditions. Economic growth and job creation The space industry is a significant driver of economic growth, creating high-paying jobs in STEM fields. 12 , and the growing space sector is expected to create even more employment opportunities. Additionally, the potential for space mining could lead to new economic opportunities. In conclusion, the advantages of space exploration are far-reaching. Beyond the field of scientific discovery, it drives significant progress in technology, fuels economic expansion, and develops international cooperation. Moreover, space exploration inspires the imagination and expectation of younger generations. 13 . A．Addressing global challenges B．Adapting to extreme conditions C．For example, satellite communications have come from space research D．Together, these elements shape a brighter and more informed future for all E．Some companies hire thousands of skilled workers to carry out space research F．As you know, astronauts have had difficulty doing space research for a long time G．Exploring space improves our understanding of the universe and our place within it 第二部分 语言运用 第一节 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （23-24高一下·河南许昌·期末）In many ways, Mars is like Earth’s twin. But in many more ways, Mars is nothing like Earth. Mars was once a 14 world. But what happened to Mars? And most 15 , did life once exist on this Red Planet? On August 5, 2012, NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars. Its mission: to 16 whether Mars was once a place where living things could 17 . The rover started its 18 in a place called Gale Crater. It’s a huge crater (坑), stretching 154 kilometers wide. In the center is a mountain called Mount Sharp. NASA let the rover 19 there because Gale Crater used to hold a 20 filled with water. After the rover got there, it 21 some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments. And it found minerals that had water 22 up in it. With the 23 the rover collected, the science and engineering teams on Earth were able to 24 that Gale Crater was once a lake. One of the 25 the rover brought to Mars was a laser (激光器). It was used to study the composition of rocks and found molecules (分子) which contain oxygen. The rover’s 26 in Mars’rocks tells scientists that at some 27 in Mars’past, there was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, which is a 28 for most life. Do you know what most living things need? Water and oxygen! Where there was water and oxygen, there might have been life. 14．A．watery B．dusty C．sandy D．grassy 15．A．quickly B．certainly C．dangerously D．mysteriously 16．A．get over B．make up C．look for D．figure out 17．A．grow B．survive C．move D．gather 18．A．journey B．goal C．performance D．struggle 19．A．hang B．work C．land D．pull 20．A．street B．plate C．pool D．lake 21．A．broke B．analyzed C．obtained D．adjusted 22．A．waken B．lifted C．lit D．locked 23．A．data B．tips C．tricks D．tests 24．A．admit B．invent C．confirm D．accept 25．A．tools B．projects C．orders D．facts 26．A．success B．attempt C．discovery D．position 27．A．length B．level C．height D．point 28．A．sign B．rule C．will D．must 第二节 语法填空 （24-25高一下·浙江宁波·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Mankind has always explored space in the hope 29 finding out more about the universe. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realize 30 (they) dream to explore space. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person 31 (travel) into space. Eight years later, Apollo 11 32 (success) in landing on the Moon, where Neil Armstrong took “a giant leap for mankind”. However, space 33 (explore) has faced many challenges. Astronauts must survive radiation and extreme temperatures. To solve these problems, scientists have developed 34 (advance) equipment since the 1950s. The International Space Station, 35 was built in 1998, allows astronauts to live and work in space for months. Nowadays, space programs focus on 36 (find) signs of life on Mars. Robots 37 (send) to collect soil samples in recent years. While some people question 38 space research is worth the cost, others believe it helps us understand Earth better. After all, as Armstrong once said, mysteries of the universe are waiting to be explored. 练综合参考答案 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 D B D B D A C D G C 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 A E D A D D B A C D 题号 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 答案 B D A C A C D D 1．D 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于火星上黑色标记的新研究，指出这些标记更可能是沙而非水，同时引用了科学家和相关机构的观点和解释，对研究结果进行了阐述和分析。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand—not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. (一项新研究表明，火星上的深色斑纹其实是沙子——而非水。2015年的研究曾认为，火星一些山坡上的线条是存在水的证据。然而，美国科学家如今表示，这些线条更像是干燥的沙流。)”可知，美国科学家发现火星上的深色斑纹是沙子。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year.(一层薄薄的、会移动且有时颜色变浅的尘土，或许能解释这些斑纹的形成。它们通常在火星的夏季出现，之后消失，直到来年才再次显现。)”可知，火星上的深色斑纹在火星夏季出现。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段““I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history,” Meyer said. “As long as that’s true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden.”(‘我依然认为，火星在其早期历史中极有可能存在过生命，’Meyer说，‘只要这一点成立，那么火星上现在仍存在生命的可能性也是合理的。只是这些生命可能……，或是藏得很好。’)”可推测，“cryptic”与“well hidden”由“or”连接，构成并列关系，说明二者含义相近。“well hidden”意为“隐藏得很好”，而选项D“undiscovered(未被发现的)”与之表意最贴近。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第四段““I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history,” Meyer said. “As long as that’s true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. ”(‘我依然认为，火星在其早期历史中极有可能存在过生命，’Meyer说，‘只要这一点成立，那么火星上现在仍存在生命的可能性也是合理的。’)”可推测，Meyer对火星存在生命（包括过去和现在）持相信的态度。故选B。 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了NASA开发的人形机器人Valkyrie的功能和应用前景。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Standing at 6 feet 2 inches (188 centimeters) and weighing 300 pounds (136 kilograms), Valkyrie is an electric humanoid robot able to operate in degraded or damaged human-engineered environments, like areas hit by natural disasters. (Valkyrie身高6英尺2英寸 (188厘米)，体重300磅n(136公斤)，是一款电动人形机器人，能够在退化或受损的人类工程环境中工作，比如遭受自然灾害的地区。)”可知，Valkyrie的身高、体重以及它能够在退化或受损的人类工程环境 (如遭受自然灾害的地区) 中运行的功能。所以主要介绍了它的外观和功能。故选D。 6．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Drawing on the knowledge gained from the creation of Robonaut 2, the Valkyrie team at JSC created this robot in fifteen months. (Drawing on从Robonaut 2的创造中获得的知识，JSC的瓦尔基里团队用了15个月的时间创造了这个机器人。)”可知，这JSC的Valkyrie团队是利用从Robonaut 2的创造中获得的知识，在15个月内创造了这个机器人。“Drawing on”在这里是“利用”的意思，与A选项“Making use of” (利用) 意思相符。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Humanoid robots to be arranged in space hold the potential to perform dangerous tasks such as cleaning solar panels or examining equipment that is out of order outside spacecraft. This ability allows astronauts to focus on exploration and discovery without putting their safety at risk. (拟人机器人将被安排在太空中，有可能执行危险任务，如清洁太阳能电池板或检查航天器外故障的设备。这种能力使宇航员能够专注于探索和发现，而不会危及他们的安全。)”可知，在太空中的类人机器人有执行危险任务的潜力，这使宇航员能够专注于探索和发现而不会使他们的安全受到威胁。也就是说类人机器人可以帮助宇航员避免危险工作。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“NASA’s first humanoid (像人的) robot, Valkyrie is going through a few of its final testing stages at NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston. Texas. The humanoid robot, much like Iron Man but constructed from metal and electronics, copies human walking and appearance. NASA is exploring if such machines can further space exploration, starting with the Artemis mission, according to Reuters. (美国宇航局的第一个人形机器人瓦尔基里正在休斯顿的美国宇航局约翰逊航天中心 (JSC) 进行最后的测试。德克萨斯州。这个人形机器人很像钢铁侠，但由金属和电子元件构成，模仿了人类的行走和外表。据路透社报道，美国宇航局正在探索这种机器是否能进一步进行太空探索，从阿尔忒弥斯任务开始。)”以及后文可知，文章主要介绍了美国宇航局的第一个类人机器人Valkyrie，包括它的外观、功能、创造过程、测试以及在太空探索中的潜在作用等，所以文章主要是对美国宇航局的类人机器人的介绍。故选D。 9．G 10．C 11．A 12．E 13．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述太空探索在多方面带来的益处及深远影响。 9．本段小标题“Scientific discovery (科学发现)”及下文“Missions to Mars, the Moon, and beyond provide insights into planetary formation, the potential for life on other planets, and the origins of the universe. (前往火星、月球和其他地方的探测任务，让我们对行星的形成、其他行星上存在生命的可能性以及宇宙的起源有了更深入的了解)”说明本段围绕太空探索对科学发现的意义展开，强调其能增进人类对宇宙及自身定位的理解，G选项“探索太空增进了我们对宇宙以及我们在宇宙中位置的理解”符合语境，与上下文衔接紧密，其中“Exploring space”与标题“Scientific discovery”相关联，“improves our understanding of the universe”与下文“provide insights into planetary formation, the potential for life on other planets, and the origins of the universe”相呼应。故选G。 10．上文“Space exploration has led to the development of numerous technologies that have practical applications on the Earth. (太空探索已经催生了众多在地球上具有实际应用的技术)”说明太空探索催生了很多实用技术，空处应举例说明有哪些技术，C选项“例如，卫星通信就源自太空研究”符合语境，是对上文的举例说明。故选C。 11．空处为小标题，根据本段内容“Research conducted in space can help solve pressing global issues, such as climate change and food security. (在太空中进行的研究可以帮助解决紧迫的全球性问题，如气候变化和粮食安全)”可知，本段主要介绍了太空探索有助于解决全球性问题，空处需概括本段主旨，A选项“应对全球挑战”准确概括段落内容，适合作为本段小标题。故选A。 12．上文“The space industry is a significant driver of economic growth, creating high-paying jobs in STEM fields. (太空产业是经济增长的重要驱动力，在STEM领域创造了高薪工作)”说明太空产业创造了高薪工作，空处应举例说明太空产业创造工作的情况，E选项“一些公司雇佣了数千名技术工人进行太空研究”符合语境，是对上文的举例说明，其中“thousands of skilled workers”与上文“creating high-paying jobs”相呼应。故选E。 13．上文“In conclusion, the advantages of space exploration are far-reaching. Beyond the field of scientific discovery, it drives significant progress in technology, fuels economic expansion, and develops international cooperation. Moreover, space exploration inspires the imagination and expectation of younger generations. (总之，太空探索的优势是深远的。除了科学发现领域，它还推动了技术的重大进步，促进了经济扩张，并促进了国际合作。此外，太空探索激发了年轻一代的想象力和期望)”总结了太空探索的诸多优势，空处应说明这些优势带来的结果，D选项“这些因素共同为所有人塑造了一个更光明、更有见识的未来”符合语境，承接上文，其中“these elements”指代上文提到的太空探索的诸多优势。故选D。 14．A 15．D 16．D 17．B 18．A 19．C 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了美国航天局的“好奇号”火星探测器在火星上的任务及发现。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：火星曾经是一个水的世界。A. watery水的，含水的；B. dusty布满灰尘的；C. sandy含沙的；D. grassy长满草的。根据下文“Gale Crater used to hold a ____7____ filled with water”提到火星上的Gale Crater有很多水可知，火星曾经是一个水的世界，故选A。 15．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最神秘的是，这颗红色星球上曾经存在生命吗？A. quickly快速地；B. certainly当然；C. dangerously危险地；D. mysteriously神秘地。结合下文“did life once exist on this Red Planet?”以及下文“Its mission: to ____3____ whether Mars was once a place where living things could ____4____.”提到任务是探测火星上是否有生命可知，此处指最神秘的是，这颗红色星球上曾经存在生命吗？故选D。 16．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它的任务是：弄清楚火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方。A. get over克服；B. make up构成；C. look for寻找；D. figure out弄清楚。下文“whether Mars was once a place”表示疑问，故此处指任务是弄清楚火星是否曾经有生命，故选D。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grow长大，成长；B. survive生存；C. move移动；D. gather聚集。结合上文“did life once exist on this Red Planet?”可知，此处指火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方，故选B。 18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：探测器从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程。A. journey旅程；B. goal目标；C. performance表演；D. struggle挣扎。上文“NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars”提到，好奇号探测器降落在火星上，此处指它从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程，故选A。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国宇航局让探测器在那里着陆是因为Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊。A. hang悬挂；B. work工作；C. land降落，着陆；D. pull拉。根据上文“NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars”以及“The rover started its ____5____ in a place called Gale Crater.”可知，探测器在火星上的Gale Crater着陆，故选C。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. street街道；B. plate盘子；C. pool水池；D. lake湖泊。根据空后“filled with water”以及本段末句中“Gale Crater was once a lake”可知，Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊，故选D。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：探测器到达那里后，用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石。A. broke打破；B. analyzed分析；C. obtained获得；D. adjusted调整。根据“some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments”以及下文“And it found minerals…”可知，此处指用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石，并有所发现，故选B。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它发现了含有水分的矿物质。A. waken醒来；B. lifted举起；C. lit点燃；D. locked锁，使固定。关系代词that指代minerals，指里面锁有水分的矿物质，故选D。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据探测器收集的数据，地球上的科学和工程团队能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊。A. data数据；B. tips建议；C. tricks技巧；D. tests测试。根据上文提到分析岩石以及空后“the rover collected”可知，此处指探测器收集的数据，故选A。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. admit承认；B. invent发明；C. confirm确认；D. accept接受。根据“Gale Crater was once a lake.”可知，此处指根据数据能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊，故选C。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：火星车带到火星的工具之一是激光。A. tools工具；B. projects项目，工程；C. orders订单，命令；D. facts事实。根据“a laser (激光器)”可知，此处指工具，故选A。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家，在火星过去的某个时刻，大气中有大量的氧气，这是大多数生命所必需的。A. success成功；B. attempt尝试；C. discovery发现；D. position位置。根据上文“And it found minerals that had water ____9____ up in it.”以及空后“tells scientists”可知，此处指探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家火星上曾经有氧气，故选C。 27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. length长度；B. level水平；C. height高度；D. point点，时刻。根据空后“in Mars’past”可知，此处指在火星过去的某些时候，at some point“在某些时候”，故选D。 28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. sign标志；B. rule规则；C. will意愿；D. must必要条件，必须要做的事。which指代先行词oxygen，结合空后“for most life”和常识可知，氧气是大多数生命所必需的，故选D。 29．of 30．their 31．to travel 32．succeeded 33．exploration 34．advanced 35．which 36．finding 37．have been sent 38．whether/if 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了人类探索太空的历程。 29．考查介词。句意：人类一直在探索太空，希望能更多地了解宇宙。in the hope of为固定短语，意为“怀着……的希望”，所以此处填of。故填of。 30．考查代词。句意：然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现他们探索太空的梦想。根据语境，这里指代humans，修饰名词dream，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 31．考查非谓语动词。句意：1961年，尤里·加加林成为第一个进入太空的人。当名词前有序数词修饰时，常用动词不定式作后置定语，the first person to do sth.表示“第一个做某事的人”，所以此处用to travel。故填to travel。 32．考查动词时态。句意：八年后，阿波罗11号成功登陆月球，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在那里迈出了“人类的一大步”。根据时间状语“Eight years later”以及语境可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，success的动词形式是succeed，其过去式为succeeded。故填succeeded。 33．考查名词。句意：然而，太空探索面临着许多挑战。分析句子结构可知，此处为主语，应用名词形式exploration，意为“探索”，不可数。故填exploration。 34．考查形容词。句意：为了解决这些问题，自20世纪50年代以来，科学家们开发了先进的设备。此处修饰名词“equipment”，应用形容词advanced，意为“先进的”。故填advanced。 35．考查定语从句。句意：1998年建成的国际空间站，使宇航员能够在太空中生活和工作数月。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为The International Space Station，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 36．考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，太空项目专注于寻找火星上的生命迹象。focus on doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“专注于做某事”，所以此处用finding。故填finding。 37．考查动词语态和时态。句意：近年来，机器人被送去收集土壤样本。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时。Robots与send之间是被动关系，即“机器人被送去”，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，其结构为have/has been +过去分词，主语Robots是复数，助动词用have。故填have been sent。 38．考查宾语从句。句意：虽然有些人质疑太空研究是否值得花费这些成本，但另一些人认为它能帮助我们更好地了解地球。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，作question的宾语，根据语境，此处表示“是否”的意思，所以用whether或if引导该宾语从句。故填whether / if。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$