思维 1 细节为主旨服务 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

思维 1 细节为主旨服务 1. 细节有哪些? 解释、事实、数据、例子、故事、描述、引用等都是细节。 2. 主旨怎么判? 主旨句从位置上判断:在篇章中,多位于首段和尾段。在段落中,多位于首句和尾句。 主旨句从形式上判断:三后两前。 三后 问句后是主旨 “转让”(表示转折的but、yet、 however、 nevertheless...；表示让步的though、 although、while、even though...)后是主旨 总结 ( in short、in conclusion、in summary... ) 后是主旨 两前 例证 (for example、for instance、such as...) 前是主旨 解释(事实、某人说的话、数据、实验……)前是主旨 (1)问句后是主旨 我们经常在阅读中看到作者先进行设问,后给出回答。问的目的是引发读者思考,突出文章的核心内容。因此回答往往是文章的主旨。 如果你在文章开篇看到了设问(甚至是几连问),应该感到窃喜,因为找到回答,就找到了这篇文章作者想要重点表达的信息,即文章主旨。 示例* 2024 新课标 I 卷 C Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often "no". The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset ( 心 态 ) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. 分析 本段是文章首段,开篇两问,一问是 “Is comprehension...or on paper?”,另一问是 "And are listening...the same material?", 那么其回答 "The answers to both questions are often ’no’." 就是文章的主旨。我们翻译一下这两问一答:一个人在阅读屏幕上的文字与纸质文字时,理解力是否相同？在涉及相同材料的情况下,听和看内容与阅读书面文字一样有效吗? 对于这两个问题,答案往往都是 “否”。也就是说作者在比较纸质阅读和屏幕阅读哪个好。那么下文肯定是围绕这个主旨展开说明的。 (2)“转让” 后是主旨 转折词 but yet 、 hewever 等后是主旨,这比较好理解。无论作者前面说了多少内容,给了多少解释,“但是” 后才是作者真正想要表达的重点。含有 though 、although 等引导的让步状语从句的复合句中,从句不是重点, 主句才是。简单来说, “虽然” 后不是重点, “但是” 后才是重点。 示例: Sulphur-crested cockatoos ( 葵 花 风 头 鹦 鹉 ) are common in eastern Australia, where they normally live in wooded areas. But as forests have been cut down, cockatoos have got used to living near people. 分析 But 后 "cockatoos have got used to living near people" 是段落的主旨。该段落是文章的首段,因此这句话也是文章的主旨。作者在这篇文章中主要说明葵花凤头鹦鹉已经习惯了在人类附近生活,下文均是围绕这个主旨展开的。 (3)总结后是主旨 一般情况下, in short 、to conclude、to sum up、in summary 、in conclusion 等短语后是作者总结的主要信息,是文章的主旨。 示例: [ 2025 江苏苏州九校联考, D] In conclusion, testing is not just a tool for assessing your knowledge but also a powerful learning tool. By embracing errors and actively testing yourself, you can improve your learning and memory. So, instead of avoiding mistakes, embrace them as opportunities for growth and mastery. [H] In conclusion 这一标志性短语表明作者开始总结。随后阐述的 “testing is not just a tool for assessing your knowledge but also a powerful learning tool" 是主旨句, 这明确指出了测试的优势:测试不仅仅是一种评估你知识水平的工具,还是一种强大的学习工具。 (4)例证前是主旨 主旨是文章的核心思想, 后面往往需要用例子来进一步解释、证明或使这个思想具体化, 使其更清晰和有说服力, 表示例证的词汇有 for example、for instance、such as、take...for example 等。 示例: [ 2020 全国 I 卷, D ] The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with house plants. 分析 在这个段落中,“for example” “In another” 引出两个例子,例证前是主旨。段落主旨句 “The connection between...Recent studies have found positive effects.” 概括了段落的核心内容,即人与植物之间的联系一直是科学研究的主题,最近的研究发现这种联系具有积极影响。 "A study...of the city experienced less crime." 通过具体的研究实例来支撑主旨, 这是人与植物之间的联系带来积极影响的一个具体表现。"In another, employees...workplaces were decorated with house plants." 提供了另一个研究实例, 是人与植物之间的联系带来积极影响的另一个具体表现。 (5)解释前是主旨 “解释” 往往是多个句子围绕主旨展开, 对主旨或观点进行深入的阐述、补充, “解释” 呈现的具体形式中常见的有: 事实——给出主旨句后,用事实来解释主旨 如: 李华是个好学生(主旨句)。他获得了三好学生、优秀学生干部、英语演讲比赛一等奖等荣誉(用事实来解释主旨)。 某人说的话——给出主旨句后,用某人说的话来证明主旨 如: 李华是个勤奋的孩子(主旨句)。李老师说他每天五点四十起床,起床后先早读,然后……(用某人说的话来证明主旨)。 数据——给出主旨句后,用数据支撑主旨如: “十一”黄金周出行人数再创新高(主旨句)。国内游客……万人,国外游客……万人, 同比增长……(用数据来支撑主旨)。 实验——给出主旨句后,通过具体的实验来证明主旨 如: 鹦鹉能熟练地使用工具(主旨句)。接着详细描述一项实验,包括实验的准备、过程、结果等(用实验来证明主旨)。 示例 1: Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. "We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently," Jaramillo says. [D] "We have students...they’re eating differently,’ Jaramillo says." 是某人说的话,是在解释前面一句话, 故 "Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes." 是主旨,这句话说明孩子们因为这些课程而吃了更多的蔬菜。 示例 2: Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth - they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. A. D. 破折号在句中起到解释说明的作用。破折号前 “Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth" 是段落的主旨句。通过 common 和 across the Earth 两个关键表述,强调了微塑料污染已成为全球范围内常见的污染源。破折号后“they have settled... They are even appearing inside humans." 通过具体事实 (它们已遍布深海和喜马拉雅山脉,嵌在火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃,甚至落在南极的新雪里。它们甚至出现在人类体内。)解释微塑料污染无处不在的核心论点。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$