2025年中考英语复习——第二讲 时态

第二讲 时态 【课前回顾】 1、 写出下列动词的时态变位 A)动词现在分词变位 go__________ play____________ stop____________ have___________ take___________ shop___________ put_____________ cut____________ B)动词三单 go___________ play____________ study____________ do____________ have___________ lay_____________ watch_____________ wash__________ C)动词过去式和过去分词 go___________ ____________ pay_____________ ____________ spend____________ ____________ see_____________ ____________ come___________ _____________ steal___________ _____________ take_____________ ____________ drink____________ _____________ 二、完成下面的填空题 1. He often ________ (lie) while he was a child. But now he is becoming an honest boy. 2. The soldier was so brave. We ____________ (admire) him for his courage. 3. My friends _________ (visit) me in two weeks. 4．A thief ______(steal) my wallet on the bus this morning. 5．Dr. Ma ____(lay) his papers on the desk for the young doctors to study. 6．David ________(refuse) his friend's invitation to the trip and stayed at home to have a good rest. 7．The thief (小偷) was caught when he was _________(steal) a mobile phone. 8．I'm surprised that the hen _____(lay) two eggs yesterday. 9．Hou Yi ______(shoot) the nine suns down and saved the people on the earth. 10. The kids ________ (dress) up as ghosts or black cats last night. 11. When we came over to Mrs. Green, she _________(treat) us warmly to dinner. 12．Look！Kitty ________ (tie)the bell on her pet dog，Sportty. 13．Lucy ________(treat) her friends to dinner last week. 14．When his mother came in，Jason was _____(lie)on the bed watching TV. 15．The teacher often _______(warn)the children to stay away from the busy streets when they play football. 【知识点讲解】 谓语动词: 谓语动词: 谓语动词: 谓语动词: 谓语动词: 谓语动词: 谓语动词: 谓语动词: 英语动词的五种基本形式为：动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去分词和过去式。 Part One 1、 一般现在时 1. 定义：表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态，或说明主语的特征。 2. 构成：主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数(非你，非我，非复数) +s”或“es” 第三人称单数变化规则 规则①：一般在词尾加-s looks, puts, reads, sees等 规则②：以-s,-x, -ch，-sh, -o,词尾的加-es misses, passes, mixes, fixes, watches, teaches, pushes, wishes, does等 规则③：以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，再加-es。注意一定是辅音字母加y才变若是元音字母加y，则直接加-s。 fly → flies, try → tries, fry → fries, copy → copies等 buy → buys, enjoy → enjoys, play → plays等 3. 时间状语： 1. 表示频度的副词always, often, usually, sometimes, hardly ever, seldom, never等。 1. once a year, twice a month, three times a week, every day等之类的表示频率的词组。 He goes to the park every day. He usually takes notes in class. 4. 一般现在时的用法： 1. 表示现在的性格、特征、能力或存在的状态 Tracy likes running and swimming. 1. 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的（将要发生的）事情，用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间 The train for Shanghai leaves at 8: 00 in the morning. 1. 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中 Now the player catches the ball and he keeps it. 2、 一般过去时 (1) 定义：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作可能是一次性,也可能经常发生。 (2) 构成：一般过去时用动词过去式表示，动词过去式有规则和不规则两种。 1. 一般在动词词尾加ed 例: want → wanted watch → watched mix → mixed 1. 以e结尾的动词，只加d 例: live →lived hope → hoped 1. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i，再加ed 例: study → studied worry → worried hurry → hurried 1. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这一辅音字母，再加ed 例: stop → stopped plan → planned prefer → preferred (3) 时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last (week, year, month...), (some years, two weeks...) ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, at that time, just now, this morning, long long ago, once upon a time等。 (4) 一般过去时的用法: 1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里发生的动作或存在的状态 1. 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆等用一般过去时 I happened to meet Rose in the street. 3、 一般将来时 1. 定义：表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 2. 结构：will + 动词原形 be going to + 动词原形 3. 时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next (year, week, month...), one day, soon, someday, sometime, in the future, in 2017, when/ after等引导的状语从句的主句中。 4. 一般将来时的用法： 1. be going to 强调的是说话时刻之前已经考虑过的，即强调计划和安排性， 或有某种迹象表明要发生的事情；will强调的是主观意愿，具有随意性 It’ going to rain soon. 1. 表示单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关时，用will。 The sun will rise at 6:30. 1. 有些动词可以用现在进行表示将来发生的动作。这种结构通常表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, send, sail, meet, fly等 He is flying to Australia tomorrow. Part Two 4、 现在进行时 1. 定义：表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 1. 构成：现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。 词尾情况 变化方式 例词 一般情况 加—ing play玩—playing do做—doing go去—going jump跳—jumping sing唱—singing ski滑雪—skiing see看见--seeing 以不发音的e结尾 去e加—ing make做—making take拿到—taking like喜欢—liking come来—coming write写— dance跳舞—dancing have有—having close关—closing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写最后一个辅音字母再加—ing swim游泳—swimming sit坐—sitting run跑—running get得到—getting put放—putting begin开始—beginning jog慢跑—jogging 1. 时间状语：now, at the moment, these days, look, listen等 My father is writing a novel these days. 1. 现在进行时的用法： 1 He is watching TV now. 2 They are studying hard this term. 3 I’m coming now. 4 He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it a few days later. 5、 现在完成时 0. 定义：表示过去已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。 0. 构成：由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。 0. 时间状语：already, just, lately, recently, never, ever, once, twice, before等 I have never seen such fine pictures before. He has just gone to England. 0. 现在完成时用法： 1. 动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响。 与一般过去时的区别： 一般过去式—强调过去 现在完成时—强调对现在的影响 试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明） 1. 动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被just、already、 yet 等副词修饰。 如：---Have you had lunch yet? ---Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. 1. 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，表示次数：一次once; 二次: twice, 三次：three times…, ever, never等时间状语。 I have been to Beijing twice. She has watched this film three times. I have never seen a more beautiful girl than Mary. 1. 现在完成时表示未完成。动作从过去延续到现在，还可能以后继续。通常和带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 He has been in the army for ten years. I have studied English since 1980. 【即时演练】用for和since填空 ______ two years ______ two years ago ______ 1999 ______ yesterday ______ 4 hours ______ we were children ______ she left here ______ she was very young ______ she was a child ______ more than twenty years 现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。（就是说：有for或since 的句子里， 一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。 I have borrowed the book for 2 years. × I have kept the book for 2 years. 非延续性动词→持续性动词 borrow → keep buy → begin/start → die → come/get back → finish → marry → come/arrive → be here/in go/leave → open → close → join → 综上，现在完成时的常考点为 Part Three 6、 过去进行时 0. 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作. 0. 构成：be(was/were) + 动词的现在分词 0. 时间状语：at that moment, at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8:00 last night, when, while 0. 过去进行时用法： 1 2 3 7、 过去完成时 1. 定义：表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。 简言之，过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 现在 未来 过去 过去的过去 过去完成时在句中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其相比较，使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。 2. 构成：由“had+动词的过去分词”构成。 3. 时间状语：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…), by the time (that)或者由when, before等引出状语从句。 They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came. The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat. She had left by the time I arrived. He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here. 4. 过去完成时用法 (1) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了动作。 (2) 过去完成时常用于宾语从句、after引导的从句，或者从句是由before引导的主句中。 1 After I had put on my shoes and hat, I walked into the darkness. 2 He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before. 8、 过去将来时 3. 定义：表示从过去某一时间看将来发生或预计将要的动作或存在的状态。 3. 构成：过去将来时由“助动词would+动词原形”或 “was/were going to + 动词原形”构成。 3. 时间状语：later, soon, the next (day), the following week等 3. 用法： 过去将来时多用于宾语从句中 Tom told me (that) he would go swimming the next day. 【巩固练习】 Part One 1. Miss Wang often ________(warn) us not ________ (make) friends with strangers online. 2. But behind all these things ________(lie) the true meaning of Christmas. 3. He _______________(punish) because of doing something wrong. 4. Jack put down his book and _________ (lie) down on the bed after his mother came in. 5. Last night my parents_________ (punish) me because I didn’t finish my homework. 6．Tim fell asleep as soon as he _____(lie) in bed. 7. Don't ________ (treat) him as a child. 8. Look! The man ________ (tie) a horse to a tree. 9. His dog is ill. It is ________ (die) . 10. ________ (lay) your coat on the bed, please. 11．Someone______(steal) my bag last night when I was out. 12. In China, we use red paper for hongbao because red _________(mean) good luck. 13. Mary always_________ (behave) so well that everyone likes her. 14. My friends often _______________(drop)by me after work. 15. He ________(shake) the bottle before he drank the juice. Part Two 1. Have you ever _________ (study) with a group? 2. Xi’an was _________ (call) Chang’an in the past. 3. It ________(serve) him right. I once told him to work hard. 4. Mr. Jobs _______(note) that Apple had tried cloud service before. 5. Eating too much salt ______________________( increase)the risk of high blood pressure. 6. Yuan Longping was a world-­famous scientist. Because of his achievements, rice production has been _____________(increase) greatly. 7. Jim __________(pronunciation) Chinese badly. You should help him a lot. 8. Mrs. Smith watched her sleeping baby and then ________ (kiss) him. 9. After the performance, the girl _________ (bow)to everyone politely. 10. I ________ (greet)Ms.Liu when I met her at the school gate this morning. 11. She __________(greet) everyone she knows by saying “Hello” on her way to work. 12. When people greet visitors, some shake hands, some say “hello” or “hi” and some ____(kiss)． 13. Someone is ________(knock) at the door. I'll go and see who it is. 14. Cathy is afraid of dogs.She will run away as soon as she _______(see) it. 15.Anna _________ (greet)her friends with a smile and sat down by the window. Part three 1. She _________ (wear) a new dress at her friend’s party yesterday. 2. We _____________(exchange)phone numbers and added friends on WeChat. 3. Whenever he meets his teachers, he often ________ (bow)to them. 4. The old couple often ________ (greet)each other in the morning. 5. Mary was very excited to see me and she _________ (hold) out her arms to hug me. 6. I was just going out when an old friend _________ (drop) by my home. 7.—I wonder if Tom ________(come) this afternoon. 8. Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he ________(come). 9. Jack always __________(behave) well at school and his teachers like him very much. 10.Look! There are three boys _______(play) basketball on the playground. 11.They _____(watch) a football game from 7 to 9 last night. 12.By the end of the last term, we _______(learn) 500 words. 13.When I arrived at his office, he _____(talk) on the phone. 14.So far I ___________(make) quite a few friends here. 15.We ______(learn) 500 English words this term. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。常与now, look, listen, at the moment等连用。 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。常与these days等时间状语连用。 表示位移转移的词：go, come, leave, stay, start, begin等，常用进行时表将来。表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。 现在完成时"常考"  already, just, yet, lately, recently, never, ever, before, 次数, so far, up to now  for +时间段 / since +时间点  have gone to / have been to / have been in 过去某个时间正在发生的动作 He was cooking at six last night. 过去某段时间正在发生的动作 I was staying here from March to May last year. 用在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续性动词用过去进行时，非延续性动词用一般过去时。 While we were talking, the boy came in. 一般现在时"常考"  经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态  客观事实或普遍真理  主将从现 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$