Unit 3 Make it happen! Understanding ideals（语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练）-2025-2026学年外研版英语2024八年级上册

Unit 3 Make it happen! Understanding ideals （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语 1 （一）概念 1 （二）、 规则 2 （三）、动词辨析（意义不同） 2 （四）中考真题练习 2 二、基础讲解 3 （一）词汇讲解 3 （二）词汇练习 5 三、分层精练 6 （一）单项选择 6 二、单词拼写 9 三、 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (to do or doing) 11 （四）拓展延伸(阅读短文选择正确答案） 12 一、语法讲解：动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语 （一）概念 宾语： 跟在动词后面，表示动作对象或承受者的成分。 动词不定式 (to do): to + 动词原形。常表示目的、意图、未来要做或具体的某次动作，感觉更主动、目标导向。 动名词 (doing): 动词原形 + ing。形式像名词，常表示习惯、经验、正在进行的状态或一般性活动，感觉更描述状态或活动本身。 （二）、 规则 类别 动词不定式（to do ) 动名词（doing) 本质 表示目的、将来或具体动作 表示习惯、经验或一般性活动 高频动词 want ,hope,decide,agree,learn,refuse enjoy,finish,avoid,mind,practise,suggest 介词后 介词后不可用 介词后必须用doing(如：thank for,be good at) 作主语/宾语 Ir’s important to study hard. Swimming is good for health. （三）、动词辨析（意义不同） 动词 +to do （不定式） +doing （动名词） stop 停下（原动作）去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 He stopped to answer the phone. He stopped talking. forget 忘记要做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） I forgot to lock the door. I forgot locking the door. remember 记得要做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） Remember to call me! I remember seeing him before. try 努力做某事（强调尝试） 试着做某事（试验方法） I try to lift the box. Try pressing the red button. regret 遗憾要做某事（正式通知） 后悔做某事 I regret to inform you of the loss. I regret telling him the secret. （四）中考真题练习 A.选择填空 1. —Would you mind ______ the window? —Not at all. A. open B. to open C. opening 2. I forgot ______ my homework yesterday. A. to do B. doing（已做但忘记） C. do 3. The teacher told us ______ late again. A. not to be B. don’t be C. not being 答案：1. C 2. B 3. A B.语篇填空 Last Sunday, I enjoyed 1. ________ (hike) with my friends. We decided 2. ________ (start) early to avoid the heat. On our way, we stopped 3. ________ (take) some photos. Suddenly, it began 4. ________ (rain). We tried 5. ________ (find) shelter, but failed. What’s worse, I forgot 6. ________ (bring) an umbrella! 答案：1. hiking (enjoy doing) 2. to start (decide to do) 3. to take (stop to do: 停下来去做另一件事) 4. to rain (begin to do/doing) 5. to find (try to do: 努力做) 6. to bring (forget to do: 忘记要做的事) 二、基础讲解 （一）词汇讲解 1. fair展览会 用法1 作可数名词，意为“展览会”，例：A book fair is to be held next month. 用法2 作形容词，意为“公平的；公正的”，例: We need a fair judge for the competition. (我们需要一位公正的裁判。) 用法3 作副词，意为“公平地；公平合理地”,例：Come on, you two,fight fair! 2. grow (grew, grown)成长，长大，增长 用法1 不及物动词 成长；长大: Children grow quickly. (孩子们长得很快。) 增长；发展: The city has grown a lot in the past ten years. (这座城市在过去十年里发展了很多。)（植物）生长: Rice grows well in warm, wet places. (水稻在温暖潮湿的地方生长良好。) 用法2 及物动词 种植；栽培: My grandfather grows vegetables in his garden. (我祖父在他的花园里种蔬菜。) 蓄（须、发等）: He decided to grow a beard. (他决定留胡子。) 3. weigh重，重量是... 用法1 及物动词 (vt.): 称...的重量: The shopkeeper weighed the apples. (店主称了苹果的重量。) 用法2 不及物动词 (vi.): 重达...；有...重: How much do you weigh? (你体重多少？) / The parcel weighs 2 kilos. (这个包裹重2公斤。) 用法3名词形式: weight (n.) - 重量；体重；砝码；重要性 4. smart智能的 用法 形容词 (adj.)，可以表示某事物具有智能功能，也可以形容人聪明、机敏。例: She is a very smart student and always gets good grades. (她是个非常聪明的学生，总是取得好成绩。) 5. trouble使忧虑，使苦恼 用法1 作不可数名词，困难；麻烦；问题: I'm having trouble with my computer. (我的电脑出问题了。) / He caused a lot of trouble. (他惹了很多麻烦。) 用法2 动词 (vt.): 使烦恼；使忧虑；麻烦 (常用于礼貌请求): May I trouble you for a pen? (麻烦您给我支笔好吗？) / His back troubles him. (他的背让他很痛苦。) 6. be able to能够，有能力 用法 be able to + 动词原形: 能够做某事 时态变化: 现在时: am/is/are able to 过去时: was/were able to (表示过去具体某次成功做到某事，相当于 managed to/succeeded in) 将来时: will be able to 完成时: have/has/had been able to 与 can 的区别: be able to 有人称和数的变化，用于多种时态；can 无人称和数的变化，只有can 和could两种形式。 7. come up with想出，提出（主意、计划、回答等） 重点搭配:come up with sth (idea/plan/answer/solution/suggestion/money): 想出/提出某物，常与表示主意、计划、答案、解决方案等的名词连用。 想出 (主意、计划、答案等): We need to come up with a solution to this problem. (我们需要想出一个解决这个问题的方法。) 提出 (建议、想法等): He came up with an interesting suggestion. (他提出了一个有趣的建议。) 8. What's worse…更糟糕的是… 用法： 常作插入语/连接性状语: 更糟的是；更倒霉的是 (用于描述一系列不好的事情中，后面接着发生的更糟糕的事情，表示递进的不利情况) 例句:I missed the bus. What's worse, it started raining heavily. (我错过了公交车。更糟的是，天开始下大雨了。) He lost his wallet. What's worse, his keys were inside it. (他丢了钱包。更倒霉的是，他的钥匙也在里面。) （二）词汇练习 用所给单词的适当形式填空 (Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the given words: fair, grow, weigh, smart, trouble, be able to, come up with, what's worse) 1. It's important to be _________ to everyone in the game. 2. The baby elephant already _________ over 100 kilos. 3. She wants to _________ her hair long. 4. That was a very _________ decision you made. 5. If you don't study hard, you'll be in _________ for your exams. 6. Do you think you _________ _________ _________ finish the report by Friday? (future) 7. The firefighters _________ _________ _________ rescue everyone from the burning building. (past, succeeded) 8. We need someone who can _________ _________ _________ creative marketing ideas. 9. My car broke down on the highway. _________ _________, it started snowing heavily. 10. Rice _________ best in warm and wet climates. 【答案】1. fair (形容词) 2. weighs (主语elephant，第三人称单数) 3. grow (动词，want to do sth) 4. smart (形容词，聪明的) 5. trouble (名词，be in trouble) 6. will be able to (将来时) 7. were able to (过去时，表示成功营救) 8. come up with (动词短语) 9. What's worse (固定短语) 10. grows (主语Rice，不可数，一般现在时) 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．I want ________ movies with my friends this Sunday. A．to watch B．watching C．watched D．watch 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个星期天我想和朋友一起看电影。 考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.“想做某事”，是固定搭配。故选A。 2．They couldn’t help ______ when they saw the terrible snake! A．cry B．crying C．to cry D．cried 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们看到那条可怕的蛇时忍不住哭了起来！ 考查非谓语。根据couldn’t help doing sth.“忍不住做某事”可知，此处应填动名词crying。故选B。 3．I’m trying to avoid ________ any mistakes. I don’t want to embarrass myself. A．making B．make C．to make D．made 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我试图避免犯任何错误。我不想让自己难堪。 考查非谓语动词用法。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，固定搭配。故空处需动名词。故选A。 4．— Hey, Emma. Are you good at _______ the piano? — Yes, I am. A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嘿，Emma，你擅长弹钢琴吗？——是的，我擅长。 考查固定搭配。be good at doing sth表示“擅长做某事”，此处需用动名词形式。故选B。 5．— David, remember _______ me when you arrive in Hainan. — Ok, I will. A．calling B．call C．calls D．to call 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——大卫，你到海南的时候记得给我打电话。——好的，我会的。 考查非谓语动词。calling打电话，现在分词或动名词；call原形；calls三单形式；to call不定式。remember to do sth“记得做某事（还未做）”；remember doing sth“记得做某事（已做）”。根据“when you arrive in Hainan”可知，打电话的动作还没有发生，应用remember to do sth。故选D。 6．It’s difficult to imagine ________ in a world without animals. A．to live B．living C．lived D．live 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很难想象生活在一个没有动物的世界里。 考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”，此处用动名词作宾语。故选B。 7．By ________ children good habits, we hope they can become great people. A．teach B．teaching C．teaches D．taught 【答案】B 【详解】句意：通过教孩子们好习惯，我们希望他们能成为伟大的人。 考查动名词。by是介词，其后接动名词，teach的动名词形式是teaching。故选B。 8．He was accused of ________ wild animals. A．kill B．kills C．killing D．killed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他被指控杀害野生动物。 考查非谓语动词。空前的of是介词，其后接动名词，所以killing符合语境。故选C。 9．He decided ________ money for the village girls, so they can have enough money to go to school. A．raises B．raising C．raise D．to raise 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他决定为村里的女孩筹集资金，这样她们就有足够的钱上学了。 考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，是固定搭配。故选D。 10．We were tired, so we decided to stop ________ to have a rest. A．walk B．walking C．to walk D．walked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们很累了，所以我们决定停止走路来休息一下。 考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事；stop doing sth.停止做某事。根据“We were tired, so we decided to stop...”以及“to have a rest”可知，是停止正在做的走路这件事，来休息一下，应该用“stop doing sth.”结构，即“stop walking”，表示“停止走路”。故选B。 11．While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ________ something they don’t really need at all. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在购物时，人们有时会忍不住买一些他们根本不需要的东西。 考查非谓语动词。can’t help doing sth.“忍不住做某事”，是固定搭配。故选C。 12．The doctors managed _________ the lives of patients, though they didn't have enough medicine. A．save B．saving C．to save D．to saving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：尽管没有足够的药物，医生们还是设法挽救了病人的生命。 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth“设法做某事”，为固定短语。故选C。 13．We should pay attention to ________ animals’ living environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protects D．protected 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该注意保护动物的生存环境。 考查非谓语动词。protect保护，动词原形；protecting保护，动名词或现在分词；protects保护，第三人称单数；protected保护，过去式或过去分词。pay attention to doing sth“注意做某事”，to为介词，其后接动名词作宾语。故选B。 14．He promised _________ us with our project as soon as he finished his tasks. A．help B．helping C．to help D．to helping 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他承诺一完成他的任务就帮助我们做我们的项目。 考查动词不定式。promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”，空处需用动词不定式to help作宾语。故选C。 15．The charity tries its best to help out the people in need. Although it has met some troubles, it never gives up _________. A．try B．to try C．to trying D．trying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个慈善机构尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。尽管遇到了一些困难，但它从未放弃尝试。 考查非谓语动词。give up“放弃”，后面通常接动名词形式，故选D。 二、单词拼写 16．At last, I decided to buy a new bike instead of (fix) it by myself. 【答案】fixing 【详解】句意：最后，我决定买一辆新自行车，而不是自己修理。根据空格前“of”，结合所给词可知，介词后跟动名词，所以此处应该填入fix的动名词形式fixing，作宾语，意为“修理”符合题意。故填fixing。 17．I can’t find my eraser! Can you (借给) me one? 【答案】lend 【详解】句意：我找不到我的橡皮了！你能借我一块吗？lend“借给”，是动词；由于句子是以“Can you”开头的疑问句，所以需要使用lend的原形。故填lend。 18．They thought the result of the competition was (fair), and they felt really angry. 【答案】unfair 【详解】句意：他们认为比赛结果不公平，所以他们感到非常生气。根据“and they felt really angry.”及所给单词可知，空格处需表示“不公平”；fair意思是“公平的”，反义词是unfair，意思是“不公平的”，符合题意。故填unfair。 19．He has made big contributions to (protect) the environment. 【答案】protecting 【详解】句意：他为保护环境做出了巨大贡献。“make contributions to...”为固定短语，意为“为……做贡献”，其中“to”是介词，后接动词时需用动名词形式。“protect”应变为“protecting”。故填protecting。 20．The children enjoyed (chat) in the playground. 【答案】chatting 【详解】句意：孩子们喜欢在操场上聊天。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，动词短语，因此此处应用chat的动名词形式chatting，在句中作宾语。故填chatting。 21．Thank you for (鼓励) me up. 【答案】cheering 【详解】句意：谢谢你鼓励我。根据汉语提示可知，cheer up意为“鼓励”，固定短语，介词for后跟动名词。故填cheering。 22．How to use this new washing (机器) is a problem. 【答案】machine 【详解】句意：如何使用这台新洗衣机是个问题。machine“机器”，名词；根据前面的指示代词“this”可知，用名词单数形式。故填machine。 23．Our art teacher always asks us to be (创造性的) and express ourselves freely. 【答案】creative 【详解】句意：美术老师总是要求我们发挥创意，自由表达。根据汉语提示，creative意为“有创造性的”，形容词，做表语，符合句意。故填creative。 24．Nina is b . She can’t see anything. 【答案】(b)lind 【详解】句意：Nina是失明的。她看不见任何东西。根据“She can’t see anything.”可知，她失明了，用形容词blind“失明的”，作表语。故填(b)lind。 25．Look! Jeff is helping a (失明的) man cross the road. 【答案】blind 【详解】句意：看！Jeff正在帮助一位失明的男人过马路。“失明的”对应的英文是“blind”。这里形容词“blind”作定语修饰名词“man”，表示“失明的男人”。故填blind。 26．I think it is (有创意的) to make wonderful pieces of art. 【答案】creative 【详解】句意：我认为制作精美的艺术品是有创造力的。creative“有创意的”，形容词作表语。故填creative。 27．Click on the (print) icon with the mouse and you can print it. 【答案】printer 【详解】句意：用鼠标点击打印机图标，您就可以打印了。print“打印”，动词，名词是printer“打印机”，printer icon“打印机图标”，故填printer。 28．There is a primary school just a few (block) away. 【答案】blocks 【详解】句意：就在几个街区之外有一所小学。根据“a few”可知，横线处需填可数名词复数形式，block“街区”，可数名词，其复数形式为blocks。a few blocks“几个街区”。故填blocks。 29．It is very difficult for me (fix) the computer in half an hour. 【答案】to fix 【详解】句意：对我来说，在半小时内修好电脑非常困难。根据“It is very difficult for me”和“fix”可知，此处使用不定式结构to fix，It is +形容词+for sb. to do sth.表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”。故填to fix。 30．It’s not (公正的) to ask him to do all the work. 【答案】fair 【详解】句意：让他做所有的工作是不公平的。fair“公正的”，是形容词，作为系动词is的表语。故填fair。 三、 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (to do or doing) 1. Jack hopes ______ (visit) China next year. 2. She avoids ______ (eat) junk food. 3. They agreed ______ (meet) us at the cinema. 4. He admitted ______ (make) a mistake. 5. Do you enjoy ______ (read) comic books? 6. We need ______ (clean) the room before guests come. 7. The children kept ______ (ask) for more candy. 8. It began ______ (snow) in the morning. 9. She is interested in ______ (study) history. 10. After finishing his homework, he went on ______ (play) video games. (继续玩) 11. He explained the rules and then went on ______ (give) examples. (接着做另一件事) 12. I regret ______ (tell) you that the meeting is canceled. (遗憾告知) 13. I regret ______ (argue) with my friend yesterday. (后悔做了) 14. We spent the afternoon ______ (paint) the fence. 15. They had fun ______ (swim) at the beach. 【答案】 1. to visit (hope to do)； 2. eating (avoid doing)； 3. to meet (agree to do)； 4. making (admit doing)； 5. reading (enjoy doing)； 6. to clean (need to do)； 7. asking (keep doing)； 8. to snow / snowing (begin to do/doing - 意义相近)； 9. studying (interested in + doing - in是介词)； 10. playing (go on doing = 继续做同一件事)； 11. to give (go on to do = 接着做另一件事)； 12. to tell (regret to do - 遗憾告知)； 13. arguing (regret doing - 后悔做过)； 14. painting (spend time (in) doing)； 15. swimming (have fun (in) doing)； （四）拓展延伸(阅读短文选择正确答案） In the world of rapidly changing technology, anything we thought that was impossible could become possible. So what is likely to show in the next 50 years? ◆ Glasses with the Internet Time: by 2030 Forecaster: Professor Parviz from the University of Washington Can you imagine the day when surfing the Internet is as simple as blinking your eyes? Professor Parviz is now working on glasses lined with a collection of LED．“People can move around with it. The glasses will recognize facial features and show the life of the person who saw it,” says Parviz. ◆ The Body Organs Store Time: by 2030 Forecaster: Dr. Anthony Attalla from Wake Forest University People can order ready-made organs from the Body Organs Store that are grown from their own cells. Scientists can now grow noses, ears, bones, skins, blood vessels (血管) and heart valves (心脏瓣膜). In the next five years or so, scientists will be able to grow a liver. ◆ Come Back to Life Time: by 2070 Forecaster: Dr. Robert Lanza from US Advanced Cell Technology Company We will be able to have zoos for extinct animals in the future. Lanza was able to get usable DNA from the bodies of animals that had been dead for 25 years. Lanza inserted it into cow eggs, and nine months later, a cloned animal was born. Even though Neanderthals (尼安德特人) have been dead for tens of thousands of years, their DNA has been got, so scientists are talking about whether to clone them. 1．Who forecasts glasses with the Internet? A．Lanza. B．Parviz. C．Attalla. D．A Neanderthal. 2．Where can we order ready-made ears according to the passage? A．From the Body Organs Store. B．From the University of Washington. C．From Wake Forest University. D．From US Advanced Cell Technology Company. 3．When will we have zoos for extinct animals? A．By 2030. B．By 2050. C．By 2070. D．By 2100. 4．The passage may come from ________. A．a guidebook B．a newspaper C．a science magazine D．a post 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Glasses with the Internet B．The Body Organs Store C．Come Back to Life D．Super Era Phenomena 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来50年内可能出现的三项科技发展，包括联网眼镜、人体器官商店和灭绝动物复活技术，展现了科技对未来生活的影响。 1．细节理解题。根据“Glasses with the Internet ... Forecaster: Professor Parviz from the University of Washington”可知，联网眼镜的预测者是Parviz教授。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“People can order ready-made organs from the Body Organs Store that are grown from their own cells. Scientists can now grow noses, ears, bones, skins, blood vessels and heart valves.”可知，人们可以从人体器官商店订购由自身细胞培育的现成器官，包括鼻子、耳朵、骨骼、皮肤、血管和心脏瓣膜等。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“Come Back to Life  Time: by 2070 ... We will be able to have zoos for extinct animals in the future.”可知，到2070年可能出现灭绝动物的动物园。故选C。 4．推理判断题。综合全文可知，本文内容涉及未来科技预测，属于科学话题；因此，本文最可能出自科学杂志。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。本文讲述了未来可能出现的事物，例如2030年出现的可以上网的眼镜、人体器官商店及2070年出现的有灭绝动物的动物园；选项D“超级时代现象”最能概括全文，是本文最合适的标题。故选D。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 3 Make it happen! Understanding ideals （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语 1 （一）概念 1 （二）、 规则 2 （三）、动词辨析（意义不同） 2 （四）中考真题练习 2 二、基础讲解 3 （一）词汇讲解 3 （二）词汇练习 5 三、分层精练 5 （一）单项选择 5 二、单词拼写 6 三、 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (to do or doing) 7 （四）拓展延伸(阅读短文选择正确答案） 7 一、语法讲解：动词不定式和动词ing形式作宾语 （一）概念 宾语： 跟在动词后面，表示动作对象或承受者的成分。 动词不定式 (to do): to + 动词原形。常表示目的、意图、未来要做或具体的某次动作，感觉更主动、目标导向。 动名词 (doing): 动词原形 + ing。形式像名词，常表示习惯、经验、正在进行的状态或一般性活动，感觉更描述状态或活动本身。 （二）、 规则 类别 动词不定式（to do ) 动名词（doing) 本质 表示目的、将来或具体动作 表示习惯、经验或一般性活动 高频动词 want ,hope,decide,agree,learn,refuse enjoy,finish,avoid,mind,practise,suggest 介词后 介词后不可用 介词后必须用doing(如：thank for,be good at) 作主语/宾语 Ir’s important to study hard. Swimming is good for health. （三）、动词辨析（意义不同） 动词 +to do （不定式） +doing （动名词） stop 停下（原动作）去做另一件事 停止正在做的事 He stopped to answer the phone. He stopped talking. forget 忘记要做某事（未做） 忘记做过某事（已做） I forgot to lock the door. I forgot locking the door. remember 记得要做某事（未做） 记得做过某事（已做） Remember to call me! I remember seeing him before. try 努力做某事（强调尝试） 试着做某事（试验方法） I try to lift the box. Try pressing the red button. regret 遗憾要做某事（正式通知） 后悔做某事 I regret to inform you of the loss. I regret telling him the secret. （四）中考真题练习 A.选择填空 1. —Would you mind ______ the window? —Not at all. A. open B. to open C. opening 2. I forgot ______ my homework yesterday. A. to do B. doing（已做但忘记） C. do 3. The teacher told us ______ late again. A. not to be B. don’t be C. not being B.语篇填空 Last Sunday, I enjoyed 1. ________ (hike) with my friends. We decided 2. ________ (start) early to avoid the heat. On our way, we stopped 3. ________ (take) some photos. Suddenly, it began 4. ________ (rain). We tried 5. ________ (find) shelter, but failed. What’s worse, I forgot 6. ________ (bring) an umbrella! 二、基础讲解 （一）词汇讲解 1. fair展览会 用法1 作可数名词，意为“展览会”，例：A book fair is to be held next month. 用法2 作形容词，意为“公平的；公正的”，例: We need a fair judge for the competition. (我们需要一位公正的裁判。) 用法3 作副词，意为“公平地；公平合理地”,例：Come on, you two,fight fair! 2. grow (grew, grown)成长，长大，增长 用法1 不及物动词 成长；长大: Children grow quickly. (孩子们长得很快。) 增长；发展: The city has grown a lot in the past ten years. (这座城市在过去十年里发展了很多。)（植物）生长: Rice grows well in warm, wet places. (水稻在温暖潮湿的地方生长良好。) 用法2 及物动词 种植；栽培: My grandfather grows vegetables in his garden. (我祖父在他的花园里种蔬菜。) 蓄（须、发等）: He decided to grow a beard. (他决定留胡子。) 3. weigh重，重量是... 用法1 及物动词 (vt.): 称...的重量: The shopkeeper weighed the apples. (店主称了苹果的重量。) 用法2 不及物动词 (vi.): 重达...；有...重: How much do you weigh? (你体重多少？) / The parcel weighs 2 kilos. (这个包裹重2公斤。) 用法3名词形式: weight (n.) - 重量；体重；砝码；重要性 4. smart智能的 用法 形容词 (adj.)，可以表示某事物具有智能功能，也可以形容人聪明、机敏。例: She is a very smart student and always gets good grades. (她是个非常聪明的学生，总是取得好成绩。) 5. trouble使忧虑，使苦恼 用法1 作不可数名词，困难；麻烦；问题: I'm having trouble with my computer. (我的电脑出问题了。) / He caused a lot of trouble. (他惹了很多麻烦。) 用法2 动词 (vt.): 使烦恼；使忧虑；麻烦 (常用于礼貌请求): May I trouble you for a pen? (麻烦您给我支笔好吗？) / His back troubles him. (他的背让他很痛苦。) 6. be able to能够，有能力 用法 be able to + 动词原形: 能够做某事 时态变化: 现在时: am/is/are able to 过去时: was/were able to (表示过去具体某次成功做到某事，相当于 managed to/succeeded in) 将来时: will be able to 完成时: have/has/had been able to 与 can 的区别: be able to 有人称和数的变化，用于多种时态；can 无人称和数的变化，只有can 和could两种形式。 7. come up with想出，提出（主意、计划、回答等） 重点搭配:come up with sth (idea/plan/answer/solution/suggestion/money): 想出/提出某物，常与表示主意、计划、答案、解决方案等的名词连用。 想出 (主意、计划、答案等): We need to come up with a solution to this problem. (我们需要想出一个解决这个问题的方法。) 提出 (建议、想法等): He came up with an interesting suggestion. (他提出了一个有趣的建议。) 8. What's worse…更糟糕的是… 用法： 常作插入语/连接性状语: 更糟的是；更倒霉的是 (用于描述一系列不好的事情中，后面接着发生的更糟糕的事情，表示递进的不利情况) 例句:I missed the bus. What's worse, it started raining heavily. (我错过了公交车。更糟的是，天开始下大雨了。) He lost his wallet. What's worse, his keys were inside it. (他丢了钱包。更倒霉的是，他的钥匙也在里面。) （二）词汇练习 用所给单词的适当形式填空 (Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the given words: fair, grow, weigh, smart, trouble, be able to, come up with, what's worse) 1. It's important to be _________ to everyone in the game. 2. The baby elephant already _________ over 100 kilos. 3. She wants to _________ her hair long. 4. That was a very _________ decision you made. 5. If you don't study hard, you'll be in _________ for your exams. 6. Do you think you _________ _________ _________ finish the report by Friday? (future) 7. The firefighters _________ _________ _________ rescue everyone from the burning building. (past, succeeded) 8. We need someone who can _________ _________ _________ creative marketing ideas. 9. My car broke down on the highway. _________ _________, it started snowing heavily. 10. Rice _________ best in warm and wet climates. 三、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．I want ________ movies with my friends this Sunday. A．to watch B．watching C．watched D．watch 2．They couldn’t help ______ when they saw the terrible snake! A．cry B．crying C．to cry D．cried 3．I’m trying to avoid ________ any mistakes. I don’t want to embarrass myself. A．making B．make C．to make D．made 4．— Hey, Emma. Are you good at _______ the piano? — Yes, I am. A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 5．— David, remember _______ me when you arrive in Hainan. — Ok, I will. A．calling B．call C．calls D．to call 6．It’s difficult to imagine ________ in a world without animals. A．to live B．living C．lived D．live 7．By ________ children good habits, we hope they can become great people. A．teach B．teaching C．teaches D．taught 8．He was accused of ________ wild animals. A．kill B．kills C．killing D．killed 9．He decided ________ money for the village girls, so they can have enough money to go to school. A．raises B．raising C．raise D．to raise 10．We were tired, so we decided to stop ________ to have a rest. A．walk B．walking C．to walk D．walked 11．While shopping, people sometimes can’t help ________ something they don’t really need at all. A．buy B．to buy C．buying D．bought 12．The doctors managed _________ the lives of patients, though they didn't have enough medicine. A．save B．saving C．to save D．to saving 13．We should pay attention to ________ animals’ living environment. A．protect B．protecting C．protects D．protected 14．He promised _________ us with our project as soon as he finished his tasks. A．help B．helping C．to help D．to helping 15．The charity tries its best to help out the people in need. Although it has met some troubles, it never gives up _________. A．try B．to try C．to trying D．trying 二、单词拼写 16．At last, I decided to buy a new bike instead of (fix) it by myself. 17．I can’t find my eraser! Can you (借给) me one? 18．They thought the result of the competition was (fair), and they felt really angry. 19．He has made big contributions to (protect) the environment. 20．The children enjoyed (chat) in the playground. 21．Thank you for (鼓励) me up. 22．How to use this new washing (机器) is a problem. 23．Our art teacher always asks us to be (创造性的) and express ourselves freely. 24．Nina is b . She can’t see anything. 25．Look! Jeff is helping a (失明的) man cross the road. 26．I think it is (有创意的) to make wonderful pieces of art. 27．Click on the (print) icon with the mouse and you can print it. 28．There is a primary school just a few (block) away. 29．It is very difficult for me (fix) the computer in half an hour. 30．It’s not (公正的) to ask him to do all the work. 三、 用所给动词的正确形式填空 (to do or doing) 1. Jack hopes ______ (visit) China next year. 2. She avoids ______ (eat) junk food. 3. They agreed ______ (meet) us at the cinema. 4. He admitted ______ (make) a mistake. 5. Do you enjoy ______ (read) comic books? 6. We need ______ (clean) the room before guests come. 7. The children kept ______ (ask) for more candy. 8. It began ______ (snow) in the morning. 9. She is interested in ______ (study) history. 10. After finishing his homework, he went on ______ (play) video games. (继续玩) 11. He explained the rules and then went on ______ (give) examples. (接着做另一件事) 12. I regret ______ (tell) you that the meeting is canceled. (遗憾告知) 13. I regret ______ (argue) with my friend yesterday. (后悔做了) 14. We spent the afternoon ______ (paint) the fence. 15. They had fun ______ (swim) at the beach. （四）拓展延伸(阅读短文选择正确答案） In the world of rapidly changing technology, anything we thought that was impossible could become possible. So what is likely to show in the next 50 years? ◆ Glasses with the Internet Time: by 2030 Forecaster: Professor Parviz from the University of Washington Can you imagine the day when surfing the Internet is as simple as blinking your eyes? Professor Parviz is now working on glasses lined with a collection of LED．“People can move around with it. The glasses will recognize facial features and show the life of the person who saw it,” says Parviz. ◆ The Body Organs Store Time: by 2030 Forecaster: Dr. Anthony Attalla from Wake Forest University People can order ready-made organs from the Body Organs Store that are grown from their own cells. Scientists can now grow noses, ears, bones, skins, blood vessels (血管) and heart valves (心脏瓣膜). In the next five years or so, scientists will be able to grow a liver. ◆ Come Back to Life Time: by 2070 Forecaster: Dr. Robert Lanza from US Advanced Cell Technology Company We will be able to have zoos for extinct animals in the future. Lanza was able to get usable DNA from the bodies of animals that had been dead for 25 years. Lanza inserted it into cow eggs, and nine months later, a cloned animal was born. Even though Neanderthals (尼安德特人) have been dead for tens of thousands of years, their DNA has been got, so scientists are talking about whether to clone them. 1．Who forecasts glasses with the Internet? A．Lanza. B．Parviz. C．Attalla. D．A Neanderthal. 2．Where can we order ready-made ears according to the passage? A．From the Body Organs Store. B．From the University of Washington. C．From Wake Forest University. D．From US Advanced Cell Technology Company. 3．When will we have zoos for extinct animals? A．By 2030. B．By 2050. C．By 2070. D．By 2100. 4．The passage may come from ________. A．a guidebook B．a newspaper C．a science magazine D．a post 5．What’s the best title of the passage? A．Glasses with the Internet B．The Body Organs Store C．Come Back to Life D．Super Era Phenomena 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$