Unit 1 This is me.Understanding ideals（语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练）-2025-2026学年外研版英语2024八年级上册

Unit 1 This is me Understanding ideals （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：现在完成时 1 （一）语法构成 1 （二）句型结构 2 （ 三）核心用法 2 （四）中考高频考点真题训练 2 二、基础讲解 3 （一）词汇讲解 3 （二）词汇练习 5 二、分层精练 6 （一）单项选择 6 （二）单词拼写 7 （三）翻译 8 （四）拓展延伸 8 一、语法讲解：现在完成时 （一）语法构成 结构：have/has + 过去分词 (V-ed/不规则动词)` have：用于第一、二人称单复数（I, you, we, they） has：用于第三人称单数（he, she, it） 例： I have finished my homework. She has visited Paris twice. （二）句型结构 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + V-ed They have seen the film 否定句 主语 + have not/has not + V-e He hasn’t eaten lunch. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + V-ed? Have you read this book? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + V-ed? Where has she gone? （ 三）核心用法 1. already, just, recently 位置：句中（have/has后，V-ed前） 含义：动作已完成（already=已经；just=刚刚；recently=最近） 例句：He has just left. （他刚离开） They have already arrived. （他们已到达） I have recently started learning French. （我最近开始学法语） 2. yet 位置：句末（用于否定句句） 含义：动作尚未完成（否定句）；询问是否完成（疑问句） 例句：She hasn’t finished her homework yet. （她作业还没完成） Have you visited Tokyo yet? （你去过东京了吗？） 3. so far / up to now 位置：句首或句末 含义：动作从过去持续到现在（强调累积/经历） 例句：So far, we have planted 100 trees. （迄今我们种了100棵树） He has learned 3 languages up to now. （他至今学了3门语言） 4. in the past/last + 时间段 位置：句末 含义：动作在过去某段时间内发生（可能持续至今） 例句： I have read 5 books in the past month. （过去一月我读了5本书） （四）中考高频考点真题训练 1. — ______ you ______ the new museum? — Not ______. I’ll go next week. A. Have; visited; already B. Have; visited; yet C. Did; visit; yet 2. My sister ______ as a nurse ______ two years. A. has worked; for B. worked; since C. has worked; in 3. — Is Mr. Li in the office? — No, he ______ to Beijing ______. A. has gone; recently B. went; already C. has been; yet 4. ______, over 10,000 people ______ part in the activity. A. Recently; have taken B. So far; have taken C. Yet; took 5. They ______ three concerts ______ the last month. A. attend; in B. have attended; in C. attended; for 二、基础讲解 （一）词汇讲解 1. interesting (adj.) 有趣的，引起兴趣的 用法：形容词，描述事物本身具有吸引人、让人想了解或参与的特质。常作定语或表语。 句型 It’s an interesting book/person/idea .(作定语) The movie is very interesting.(作表语) 注意：主语通常是物或事。描述人“有趣”（指性格）常用 “funny”或 “amusing”。 2. hate (v.) 憎恨；厌恶；讨厌（做某事） 用法：及物动词，表示强烈的不喜欢或厌恶。后可接名词、代词、动名词 (v-ing) 或不定式 (to do)。 句型： I hate this job.(hate sb/sth） He hates playing football.=He hates to play football.(hate doing sth=hate to do sth) 注意：语气非常强烈，日常中表示“不太喜欢”可用 “dislike” 或 “don't like”。 3. height (n.) 高度；身高；高处 用法：名词，指从底部到顶部的垂直距离，或某物/某人所处的高海拔位置。既可作可数名词，又可做不可数名词。 句型： the height of something(例：What's the height of that mountain?) be of average/medium height(描述身高) (例： He is of medium height.) at a height of...(在...高度) (例：The plane was flying at a height of 10,000 meters.) afraid of heights(恐高) 注意：区别于形容词 high (高的)。Height是名词，指具体的度量或状态。 4. instead of (prep. phrase) 代替；而不是 用法：介词短语，表示用 A 替代 B 或选择 A 而不选择 B。后面接名词、代词、动名词 (v-ing) 或名词性短语。 句型： A instead of B(A 代替/而不是 B.(例： Let's have tea instead of coffee. / She went to work instead of staying home.) 注意：Instead(副词) 单独用在句首或句末，表示“作为替代”(例：The coffee was bad. I drank tea instead. He didn’t go to the party .Instead ,he stayde at home .) 5. the next day (n. phrase) 第二天，次日 用法： 名词短语，特指过去或将来的某个时间点的后一天。常用于叙述过去的事件或描述计划。 句型： 用于过去时态，指过去某天的后一天 (例：He arrived on Monday. The next day, he visited the museum.) 用于将来时态，指未来某天的后一天 (例：We meet on Friday. The next day (Saturday) we'll have a party.) 注意：前面必须加定冠词 the。区别于 tomorrow (明天，指从今天算起的下一天)。 6. to one’s surprise (prep. phrase) 令某人惊讶的是 用法： 介词短语，用作状语，表示后面发生的事情出乎主语（one’s所指代的人）的意料。 句型： To my/his/her/their/our/Jane's surprise, (例：To everyone's surprise,she won the game.) 注意： one's要根据主语换成相应的形容词性物主代词 (my, his, her, its, our, your, their) 或名词所有格 (如 Jane's)。常放在句首。 7. be good at (phr. v.) 擅长于 用法： 动词短语，表示在某方面有能力或有技巧。at 是介词。 句型： be good at + n. (例：She is good at math. / He is good at it.) be good at + v-ing(例：They are good at playing basketball.) 注意： 反义词是 be bad/poor at (不擅长)。at 后面必须接名词类成分（名词、代词或动名词）。 8. be proud of (phr. v.) 为...感到自豪/骄傲 用法： 动词短语，表示因为某人（包括自己）的成就、品质或某事物而感到满足和自豪。of是介词。 句型： be proud of + n. (例： Her parents are proud of her success. / I am proud of myself.) be proud of + v-ing (例： He is proud of winning the competition.) be proud of + sb. + for + v-ing (例： We are proud of you for trying your best.) 注意： 表达“为做某事而自豪”时，of` 后面必须接名词类成分（名词、代词或动名词），不能接不定式。 （二）词汇练习 A. 填空（选择合适的单词或短语填空，注意形式变化） 1. I ______________ (hate) washing dishes. It's so boring. 2. ______________ (To everyone surprise), the shy boy gave an excellent speech. 3. What is the ______________ (high) of the Empire State Building? 4. He decided to take the train ______________ (insteaD.flying because he's afraid of heights. 5. She finished her project on Tuesday. ______________ (The next day / Tomorrow), she presented it to the class. 6. My brother is really ______________ (be good at) fixing computers. 7. We are all very ______________ (be proud of) our country's rich culture. 8. The documentary about space was extremely ______________ (interest). B. 改错.(找出句子中的一处错误并改正。) 1. He is very interesting in science fiction movies. (________) 2. I hate to do homework on weekends. (________)[提示：表示一般性厌恶] 3. The mountain has a high of over 8000 meters. (________) 4. We ate pizza instead pasta. (________) 5. She arrived on Friday. Next day, she called me. (________) 6. To me surprise, they remembered my birthday. (________) 7. Are you good at play chess? (________) 8. She is proud for her daughter's artistic talent. (________) 二、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．They left for Beijing last week and we ________ them so far. A．don’t hear from B．didn’t hear from C．haven’t heard from D．won’t hear from 2．In the past few years, the Shanghai government ________ many new subway lines to make transportation more convenient. A．had built B．has built C．built D．has been built 3．This is the most interesting film I ________. A．saw B．to see C．have seen D．seeing 4．—Look! The light is still on in Helen’s office. —Maybe she ________ her work. A．hasn’t finished B．won’t finish C．doesn’t finish D．didn’t finish 5．There ________ great changes in this town over the past 10 years. A．will be B．used to be C．have been D．has been 6．Astronauts (宇航员) on the Chinese Space Station _______ some plants already, and it helps us learn about living in space. A．grew B．were growing C．have grown D．will grow 7．The environment in Gansu Province ________ a lot in the past few years. A．improved B．will improve C．was improving D．has improved 8．The smart fridge ________ just ________ temperature. You don’t need to set again. A．has; changed B．will; change C．is; changing D．was; changing 9．________ you ________ a story for the contest? A．Have; written B．Do; write C．Are; writing D．Will; write 10．________ you ________ (read) this book before? A．Have; read B．Do; read C．Are; reading D．Will; read 11．________ you ________ (write) a letter to your pen pal recently? A．Have; written B．Do; write C．Are; writing D．Will; write 12．________ you ________ your lost book yet? A．Have; found B．Do; find C．Are; finding D．Will; find 13．I ________ (not see) this movie before. A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．haven’t seen D．won’t see 14．________ you ________ (finish) your homework yet? A．Have; finished B．Do; finish C．Are; finishing D．Will; finish 15．We ________ got a big playground. A．have B．has C．is having D．are having （二）单词拼写 16．I don’t want coffee and I’ll drink tea (代替). 17．Steve (improve) his English with the help of his teacher. 18．It’s okay to make mistakes. No one is /ˈpɜːfɪkt/ at everything. 19．As the fashion changes so (quick), it is hard for us to follow it. 20．Would you like some s (草莓) or pears for your dinner? 21．The clever cat sometimes hides the (paint) brush for fun. 22．I don’t think you have (意识到) how important this is to her. 23．There is almost no (different) between the twins. 24．Nothing is a waste of time if you do it (wise). 25．A it is rainy, these children are still playing happily. 26．He was born to be a (success) businessman. 27．Daniel has already (发现) the differences between the two spaceships. 28．I’m very nervous because I haven’t got ready for the exam y . 29．Do you know the (high) of this building? 30．A healthy man is a (成功的) man. （三）翻译 31．尽管今天有太阳，但并不暖和。(although) 32．I felt like I was a bird.   33．我认为你没有意识到她是多么重要。 34. 令我惊讶的是，他竟然会说法语。(to one's surprise) 35. 我弟弟很擅长踢足球。(be good at) 36. 我们为祖国的快速发展感到自豪。(be proud of) 37. 我讨厌下雨天。(hate) 38. 这本书非常有趣，我一口气读完了。(interesting) 39. 昨天是晴天，但第二天就下雨了。(the next day) 40. 他决定骑自行车去上班，而不是开车。(instead of) 41. 那座桥的高度是多少？(height) （四）拓展延伸 a.回答问题 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题，并把答案写在横线上。 “I wish I had straight hair.” “I’d like to be taller.” Sometimes, we may want to look a bit more like someone else. However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies “should” look. The truth is that everybody is different—and that’s a good thing. Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self-confidence (自信). If you feel positively (积极地) about your body, you are more likely to take care of it well. Research has even shown that you are more likely to take part in activities and perform well in school. However, feeling worried about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down. The cost of trying to achieve the “perfect” look is high. If you are spending a lot of time on it, you will have less time to spend with friends and to make important memories. It’s important to remember that everybody is different. To develop a positive body image (形象), you should try to talk positively about your own body and other people’s bodies. Try not to pay too much attention to your look. Instead, think about what your body does for you. And you also should treat your body well by eating different kinds of food, doing sports and getting plenty of sleep. Remember that you are more than how you look. 42．Which one shows one’s confidence, “I like my curly hair” or “I’d like to be thinner”? 43．What is accepting and feeling good about our bodies really important for? 44．What will happen if we are spending a lot of time trying to achieve the “perfect” look? 45．What’s important to remember? 46．How many ways of treating our bodies well are mentioned? b.书面表达 47.每个人都是独一无二的，都会发出自身特有的光芒。请你根据以下思维导图内容提示，以“What I Like About Myself”为题，用英语写一篇短文。 注意： （1）可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 （2）不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名和学生的真实姓名。 （3）语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 Everyone is special, and so am I. What I like about myself is 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 1 This is me. Understanding ideals （语法讲解+词汇突破+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解：现在完成时 1 （一）语法构成 1 （二）句型结构 2 （ 三）核心用法 2 （四）中考高频考点真题训练 2 二、基础讲解 3 （一）词汇讲解 3 （二）词汇练习 5 二、分层精练 6 （一）单项选择 6 （二）单词拼写 10 （三）翻译 12 （四）拓展延伸 14 一、语法讲解：现在完成时Ⅰ （一）语法构成 结构：have/has + 过去分词 (V-ed/不规则动词)` have：用于第一、二人称单复数（I, you, we, they） has：用于第三人称单数（he, she, it） 例： I have finished my homework. She has visited Paris twice. （二）句型结构 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + V-ed They have seen the film 否定句 主语 + have not/has not + V-e He hasn’t eaten lunch. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + V-ed? Have you read this book? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + V-ed? Where has she gone? （ 三）核心用法 1. already, just, recently 位置：句中（have/has后，V-ed前） 含义：动作已完成（already=已经；just=刚刚；recently=最近） 例句：He has just left. （他刚离开） They have already arrived. （他们已到达） I have recently started learning French. （我最近开始学法语） 2. yet 位置：句末（用于否定句句） 含义：动作尚未完成（否定句）；询问是否完成（疑问句） 例句：She hasn’t finished her homework yet. （她作业还没完成） Have you visited Tokyo yet? （你去过东京了吗？） 3. so far / up to now 位置：句首或句末 含义：动作从过去持续到现在（强调累积/经历） 例句：So far, we have planted 100 trees. （迄今我们种了100棵树） He has learned 3 languages up to now. （他至今学了3门语言） 4. in the past/last + 时间段 位置：句末 含义：动作在过去某段时间内发生（可能持续至今） 例句： I have read 5 books in the past month. （过去一月我读了5本书） （四）中考高频考点真题训练 1. — ______ you ______ the new museum? — Not ______. I’ll go next week. A. Have; visited; already B. Have; visited; yet C. Did; visit; yet 2. My sister ______ as a nurse ______ two years. A. has worked; for B. worked; since C. has worked; in 3. — Is Mr. Li in the office? — No, he ______ to Beijing ______. A. has gone; recently B. went; already C. has been; yet 4. ______, over 10,000 people ______ part in the activity. A. Recently; have taken B. So far; have taken C. Yet; took 5. They ______ three concerts ______ the last month. A. attend; in B. have attended; in C. attended; for 答案与解析： 1. B（疑问句用yet表“尚未”） 2. A（for + 时间段 → 现在完成时） 3. A（has gone表“去了未归”；recently表近期） 4. B（so far+完成时表“迄今累积”） 5. B（in the last month+完成时） 二、基础讲解 （一）词汇讲解 1. interesting (adj.) 有趣的，引起兴趣的 用法：形容词，描述事物本身具有吸引人、让人想了解或参与的特质。常作定语或表语。 句型 It’s an interesting book/person/idea .(作定语) The movie is very interesting.(作表语) 注意：主语通常是物或事。描述人“有趣”（指性格）常用 “funny”或 “amusing”。 2. hate (v.) 憎恨；厌恶；讨厌（做某事） 用法：及物动词，表示强烈的不喜欢或厌恶。后可接名词、代词、动名词 (v-ing) 或不定式 (to do)。 句型： I hate this job.(hate sb/sth） He hates playing football.=He hates to play football.(hate doing sth=hate to do sth) 注意：语气非常强烈，日常中表示“不太喜欢”可用 “dislike” 或 “don't like”。 3. height (n.) 高度；身高；高处 用法：名词，指从底部到顶部的垂直距离，或某物/某人所处的高海拔位置。既可作可数名词，又可做不可数名词。 句型： the height of something(例：What's the height of that mountain?) be of average/medium height(描述身高) (例： He is of medium height.) at a height of...(在...高度) (例：The plane was flying at a height of 10,000 meters.) afraid of heights(恐高) 注意：区别于形容词 high (高的)。Height是名词，指具体的度量或状态。 4. instead of (prep. phrase) 代替；而不是 用法：介词短语，表示用 A 替代 B 或选择 A 而不选择 B。后面接名词、代词、动名词 (v-ing) 或名词性短语。 句型： A instead of B(A 代替/而不是 B.(例： Let's have tea instead of coffee. / She went to work instead of staying home.) 注意：Instead(副词) 单独用在句首或句末，表示“作为替代”(例：The coffee was bad. I drank tea instead. He didn’t go to the party .Instead ,he stayde at home .) 5. the next day (n. phrase) 第二天，次日 用法： 名词短语，特指过去或将来的某个时间点的后一天。常用于叙述过去的事件或描述计划。 句型： 用于过去时态，指过去某天的后一天 (例：He arrived on Monday. The next day, he visited the museum.) 用于将来时态，指未来某天的后一天 (例：We meet on Friday. The next day (Saturday) we'll have a party.) 注意：前面必须加定冠词 the。区别于 tomorrow (明天，指从今天算起的下一天)。 6. to one’s surprise (prep. phrase) 令某人惊讶的是 用法： 介词短语，用作状语，表示后面发生的事情出乎主语（one’s所指代的人）的意料。 句型： To my/his/her/their/our/Jane's surprise, (例：To everyone's surprise,she won the game.) 注意： one's要根据主语换成相应的形容词性物主代词 (my, his, her, its, our, your, their) 或名词所有格 (如 Jane's)。常放在句首。 7. be good at (phr. v.) 擅长于 用法： 动词短语，表示在某方面有能力或有技巧。at 是介词。 句型： be good at + n. (例：She is good at math. / He is good at it.) be good at + v-ing(例：They are good at playing basketball.) 注意： 反义词是 be bad/poor at (不擅长)。at 后面必须接名词类成分（名词、代词或动名词）。 8. be proud of (phr. v.) 为...感到自豪/骄傲 用法： 动词短语，表示因为某人（包括自己）的成就、品质或某事物而感到满足和自豪。of是介词。 句型： be proud of + n. (例： Her parents are proud of her success. / I am proud of myself.) be proud of + v-ing (例： He is proud of winning the competition.) be proud of + sb. + for + v-ing (例： We are proud of you for trying your best.) 注意： 表达“为做某事而自豪”时，of` 后面必须接名词类成分（名词、代词或动名词），不能接不定式。 （二）词汇练习 A. 填空（选择合适的单词或短语填空，注意形式变化） 1. I ______________ (hate) washing dishes. It's so boring. 2. ______________ (To everyone surprise), the shy boy gave an excellent speech. 3. What is the ______________ (high) of the Empire State Building? 4. He decided to take the train ______________ (insteaD.flying because he's afraid of heights. 5. She finished her project on Tuesday. ______________ (The next day / Tomorrow), she presented it to the class. 6. My brother is really ______________ (be good at) fixing computers. 7. We are all very ______________ (be proud of) our country's rich culture. 8. The documentary about space was extremely ______________ (interest). 答案: 1. hate; 2. To everyone's surprise; 3. height; 4. instead of; 5. The next day; 6. good at; 7.proud of; 8. interesting; B. 改错.(找出句子中的一处错误并改正。) 1. He is very interesting in science fiction movies. (________) 2. I hate to do homework on weekends. (________)[提示：表示一般性厌恶] 3. The mountain has a high of over 8000 meters. (________) 4. We ate pizza instead pasta. (________) 5. She arrived on Friday. Next day, she called me. (________) 6. To me surprise, they remembered my birthday. (________) 7. Are you good at play chess? (________) 8. She is proud for her daughter's artistic talent. (________) 答案: 1. interesting -> interested (be interested in... 对...感兴趣) 2. to do -> doing (hate doing sth 表示一般性讨厌做作业) 3. high -> height (名词用 height) 4. instead -> instead of (后面接名词 pasta 需要介词 of) 5. Next day -> The next day (必须加 the) 6. me -> my (需要形容词性物主代词 my) 7. play -> playing (at 是介词，后面动词用 v-ing 形式) 8. for -> of (固定搭配 be proud of) 二、分层精练 （一）单项选择 1．They left for Beijing last week and we ________ them so far. A．don’t hear from B．didn’t hear from C．haven’t heard from D．won’t hear from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们上周去了北京，到现在我们还没有他们的消息。 考查时态。so far表示“到目前为止”，常与现在完成时连用，其构成为主语+have/has+done。故选C。 2．In the past few years, the Shanghai government ________ many new subway lines to make transportation more convenient. A．had built B．has built C．built D．has been built 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在过去的几年里，上海政府修建了许多新的地铁线路，使交通更加便利。 考查现在完成时。根据“In the past few years”可知，此处需用现在完成时，谓语动词构成是have/has+过去分词，主语“the Shanghai government”为单数，因此用has built。故选B。 3．This is the most interesting film I ________. A．saw B．to see C．have seen D．seeing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 考查动词时态。根据分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句，当主句使用最高级the most interesting时，定语从句常用现在完成时，其结构为have/has + 过去分词，表示从过去到现在的经历或影响。从句主语为I，助动词用have。故选C。 4．—Look! The light is still on in Helen’s office. —Maybe she ________ her work. A．hasn’t finished B．won’t finish C．doesn’t finish D．didn’t finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——看！海伦办公室的灯还亮着。——也许她还没完成工作。 考查动词时态。根据“The light is still on in Helen’s office.”可知，动作（未完成工作）对现在造成的影响（灯未关）仍然存在，需用现在完成时（has/have+过去分词）。故选A。 5．There ________ great changes in this town over the past 10 years. A．will be B．used to be C．have been D．has been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在过去的十年里，这个城镇发生了巨大的变化。 考查现在完成时。根据“over the past 10 years”可知本句时态为现在完成时，There be句型的现在完成时结构是“There have/has been”，“great changes”是复数，故选C。 6．Astronauts (宇航员) on the Chinese Space Station _______ some plants already, and it helps us learn about living in space. A．grew B．were growing C．have grown D．will grow 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国空间站上的宇航员已经种植了一些植物，这有助于我们了解太空生活。 考查动词时态。根据“already”是现在完成时的标志词可知，此处用现在完成时（have/has done），故选C。 7．The environment in Gansu Province ________ a lot in the past few years. A．improved B．will improve C．was improving D．has improved 【答案】D 【详解】句意：甘肃省的环境在过去几年中有了很大的改善。 考查时态。根据“in the past few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时，构成为have/has done，主语为“The environment”，因此助动词用has。故选D。 8．The smart fridge ________ just ________ temperature. You don’t need to set again. A．has; changed B．will; change C．is; changing D．was; changing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：智能冰箱刚刚改变了温度。无需再次设置。 考查现在完成时。根据“just”和“You don’t need to set again.”可知，智能冰箱刚改变了温度，所以现在没有必要再去设置，说明句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。故选A。 9．________ you ________ a story for the contest? A．Have; written B．Do; write C．Are; writing D．Will; write 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你为比赛写故事了吗？ 考查时态辨析。根据句意可知是过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，使用现在完成时have/has done，故选A。 10．________ you ________ (read) this book before? A．Have; read B．Do; read C．Are; reading D．Will; read 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你以前读过这本书吗？ 考查动词时态。根据“before”可知，本句应该用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。故选A。 11．________ you ________ (write) a letter to your pen pal recently? A．Have; written B．Do; write C．Are; writing D．Will; write 【答案】A 【详解】句意：最近你给你的笔友写信了吗？ 考查动词时态。根据“recently”可知，本句应该用现在完成时。故选 A。 12．________ you ________ your lost book yet? A．Have; found B．Do; find C．Are; finding D．Will; find 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你找到丢失的书了吗？ 考查时态。根据“yet”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选A。 13．I ________ (not see) this movie before. A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．haven’t seen D．won’t see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我以前没看过这部电影。 考查时态辨析。根据“before”可知，常与现在完成时连用。故选C。 14．________ you ________ (finish) your homework yet? A．Have; finished B．Do; finish C．Are; finishing D．Will; finish 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你做完作业了吗？ 考查时态。根据 yet可知，该句是现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为you，助动词用have，一般疑问句将助动词have放在句首。故选 A。 15．We ________ got a big playground. A．have B．has C．is having D．are having 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们有一个大操场。 考查现在完成时。have助动词，用于复数人称；has助动词，为have的三单形式；is having现在进行时的三单形式；are having现在进行时的复数人称形式。根据“We…got a big playground.”可知，此处考查现在完成时，结构为：have/has done，主语we为复数人称，因此应用have表示。故选A。 （二）单词拼写 16．I don’t want coffee and I’ll drink tea (代替). 【答案】instead 【详解】句意：我不想要咖啡，我要喝茶。根据中文提示可知，此处应该表达我不想要咖啡，我要喝茶。此处应该填入instead，副词，修饰整个句子，意为“代替”符合句意。故填instead。 17．Steve (improve) his English with the help of his teacher. 【答案】has improved 【详解】句意：史蒂夫在他老师的帮助下提高了他的英语水平。根据“Steve … his English with the help of his teacher.”以及括号内所给单词 “improve” 的提示可知，已经提高了英语水平，时态宜用现在完成时，主语是单数，has improved符合句意，故填has improved。 18．It’s okay to make mistakes. No one is /ˈpɜːfɪkt/ at everything. 【答案】perfect 【详解】句意：犯错是可以的。没有人是事事完美的。根据“It’s okay to make mistakes. … at everything.”以及音标 /ˈpɜːfɪkt/ 可知，此处表达“没有人是事事完美的”，be perfect at 表示“在……方面完美”。故填perfect。 19．As the fashion changes so (quick), it is hard for us to follow it. 【答案】quickly 【详解】句意：由于时尚变化如此之快，我们很难跟上它。此处需用副词修饰动词“changes”。形容词“quick”对应的副词形式为quickly“快速地”。故填quickly。 20．Would you like some s (草莓) or pears for your dinner? 【答案】(s)trawberries 【详解】句意：你晚饭想吃草莓还是梨？strawberry“草莓”，是可数名词，空格前有some修饰，名词应用复数形式，故填(s)trawberries。 21．The clever cat sometimes hides the (paint) brush for fun. 【答案】paint 【详解】句意：这只聪明的猫有时会把画笔藏起来取乐。根据“the…brush”可知是指画笔，应用名词paint“绘画”作定语，paint brush“画笔”，故填paint。 22．I don’t think you have (意识到) how important this is to her. 【答案】realized 【详解】句意：我认为你还没意识到这对她来说有多重要。“意识到”常见的英文表达是“realize”，从句时态为现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+过去分词”，“realize”的过去分词形式是“realized”。故填realized。 23．There is almost no (different) between the twins. 【答案】difference 【详解】句意：这对双胞胎之间几乎没有什么差异。根据“There is almost no... (different) between the twins.” 可知，此处应填名词，different是形容词，意为“不同的”，其名词形式为difference，意为 “差异；差别” ，no后接可数名词时，可用单数或复数形式，在此句中强调两者之间没有差异，用单数形式更合适，故填difference。 24．Nothing is a waste of time if you do it (wise). 【答案】wisely 【详解】句意：如果你做得明智，没有什么是浪费时间的。分析句子可知，此处应用wise的副词形式wisely修饰动词do，意为“明智地”。故填wisely。 25．A it is rainy, these children are still playing happily. 【答案】(A)lthough 【详解】句意：虽然下着雨，这些孩子们仍然玩得很开心。根据“it is rainy, these children are still playing happily.”和首字母可知，前后句之间是让步关系，需用连词although“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。故填(A)lthough。 26．He was born to be a (success) businessman. 【答案】successful 【详解】句意：他天生就是一个成功的商人。success“成功”，名词，空处修饰名词businessman，用形容词successful“成功的”，作定语。故填successful。 27．Daniel has already (发现) the differences between the two spaceships. 【答案】discovered 【详解】句意：丹尼尔已经发现了两艘宇宙飞船之间的差异。根据“has already”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。“发现”对应的英文单词是“discover”，其过去分词形式是“discovered”，故填discovered。 28．I’m very nervous because I haven’t got ready for the exam y . 【答案】(y)et 【详解】句意：我非常紧张，因为我还没有为考试做好准备。根据“haven’t got ready”和首字母提示可知，此句时态为现在完成时，强调到现在为止还没有为考试做好准备，yet表示 “还，尚，仍然”，用于否定句和疑问句，通常位于句末，故填(y)et。 29．Do you know the (high) of this building? 【答案】height 【详解】句意：你知道这个建筑物的高度吗？定冠词the修饰名词，故空处需用名词，high的名词形式为height，表示“高度”。故填height。 30．A healthy man is a (成功的) man. 【答案】successful 【详解】句意：一个健康的人是一个成功的人。根据汉语提示，成功的“successful”，作定语修饰名词man。故填successful。 （三）翻译 31．尽管今天有太阳，但并不暖和。(although) 【答案】Although it’s sunny today, it is not warm. 【详解】今天“today”；有太阳的“ sunny”，表达天气主语用it；尽管“although”，连词；不“not”；暖和的“warm”。句子用一般现在时陈述客观的事实。故填Although it’s sunny today, it is not warm. 32．I felt like I was a bird.   【答案】我感觉我是一只鸟。 【详解】felt like“感觉”；I was a bird“我是一只鸟”，作like的宾语从句。故填：我感觉我是一只鸟。 33．我认为你没有意识到她是多么重要。 【答案】I don’t think you have realized how important she is. 【详解】该句是否定句。I don’t think“我不认为”，否定提前；you have realized“你意识到”，时态为现在完成时；how important she is“她是多么重要”，how型感叹句。故填I don’t think you have realized how important she is. 34. 令我惊讶的是，他竟然会说法语。(to one's surprise) 【答案】To my surprise, he could speak French. 【详解】To one's surprise: 这是一个固定短语，意为“令某人惊讶的是”。这里“one's”要根据主语替换成相应的形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/our/their）。本句中是“我”惊讶，所以用 To my surprise。他竟然会...: 表达一种出乎意料的惊讶。“Could”在这里表示“（过去）有能力会”，更强调“他竟然有说法语这个能力”这个事实带来的惊讶。说法语: 用动词 speak + 语言 French。 35. 我弟弟很擅长踢足球。(be good at) 【答案】 My brother is very good at playing football/soccer. 【详解】 Be good at: 固定短语，意为“擅长...”。后接名词、代词或动名词(动词-ing形式)。本句后接活动“踢足球”，所以用 playing football/soccer。踢足球: 翻译为 playing football (英式) 或 playing soccer (美式)。注意这里用动名词形式。很: 用 very 修饰形容词短语“good at”。 36. 我们为祖国的快速发展感到自豪。(be proud of) 【答案】 We are proud of the rapid development of our motherland. 【详解】Be proud of: 固定短语，意为“为...感到自豪/骄傲”。后接名词、代词或名词性短语。祖国的: 翻译为 of our motherland 或 of our country。“motherland”更富感情色彩。 快速发展: 翻译为名词短语 the rapid development。注意形容词 rapid (快速的) 修饰名词 development (发展)。 37. 我讨厌下雨天。(hate) 【答案】I hate rainy days. 【详解】 Hate: 及物动词，意为“讨厌、憎恨”。后接名词、代词或动名词。下雨天: 翻译为名词短语 rainy days (下雨的日子)。这里不需要用动名词“raining”，直接用形容词 rainy 修饰 days 即可表达“下雨的天气”这个概念。 38. 这本书非常有趣，我一口气读完了。(interesting) 【答案】This book was so interesting that I finished it in one go. 【详解】Interesting: 形容词，意为“有趣的”。本句用 was so interesting 强调程度很高，为后面的结果状语从句做铺垫。 ...以至于...: 用 so... that... 结构连接两个分句，表示“如此...以至于...”。`that I finished it` 是结果状语从句。一口气: 常用短语 in one go 表达“一口气地、不间断地”。 39. 昨天是晴天，但第二天就下雨了。(the next day) 【答案】It was sunny yesterday, but it rained the next day. 【详解】The next day: 固定短语，意为“第二天”，指相对于上下文提到的某个时间点的下一天。本句是相对于“yesterday”（昨天）的第二天，即今天之后的那天。昨天是晴天: 用 It was sunny yesterday。描述天气常用“It”作主语。但...就下雨了: 用 but it rained... 表达转折和变化。注意时态：昨天是晴天（过去时），第二天就下雨了（也是过去时）。 40. 他决定骑自行车去上班，而不是开车。(instead of) 【答案】He decided to go to work by bike instead of by car/driving. 【详解】Instead of: 短语介词，意为“代替...，而不是...”。后接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语。本句后接方式状语 by car 或动名词 driving。 决定...: 用 decided to do 结构。骑自行车去上班: 用 go to work by bike。表达交通方式用“by + 交通工具（单数，无冠词）”。开车: 用 by car 或 driving。 41. 那座桥的高度是多少？(height) 【答案】 What is the height of that bridge? 【详解】Height: 名词，意为“高度”。是句子的核心词。...的高度是多少？: 常用句型 What is the height of...? 来询问某物的高度。 那座桥: 翻译为 that bridge。 （四）拓展延伸 a.回答问题 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题，并把答案写在横线上。 “I wish I had straight hair.” “I’d like to be taller.” Sometimes, we may want to look a bit more like someone else. However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies “should” look. The truth is that everybody is different—and that’s a good thing. Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self-confidence (自信). If you feel positively (积极地) about your body, you are more likely to take care of it well. Research has even shown that you are more likely to take part in activities and perform well in school. However, feeling worried about your body could make you step back, do less well at school and even feel down. The cost of trying to achieve the “perfect” look is high. If you are spending a lot of time on it, you will have less time to spend with friends and to make important memories. It’s important to remember that everybody is different. To develop a positive body image (形象), you should try to talk positively about your own body and other people’s bodies. Try not to pay too much attention to your look. Instead, think about what your body does for you. And you also should treat your body well by eating different kinds of food, doing sports and getting plenty of sleep. Remember that you are more than how you look. 42．Which one shows one’s confidence, “I like my curly hair” or “I’d like to be thinner”? 43．What is accepting and feeling good about our bodies really important for? 44．What will happen if we are spending a lot of time trying to achieve the “perfect” look? 45．What’s important to remember? 46．How many ways of treating our bodies well are mentioned? b.书面表达 47.每个人都是独一无二的，都会发出自身特有的光芒。请你根据以下思维导图内容提示，以“What I Like About Myself”为题，用英语写一篇短文。 注意： （1）可在思维导图内容提示的基础上适当拓展信息。 （2）不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现真实校名和学生的真实姓名。 （3）语句连贯，词数80左右。作文的标题和开头已经给出，不计入总词数。 Everyone is special, and so am I. What I like about myself is 【答案】34．“I like my curly hair” shows one’s confidence. /I like my curly hair. 35．It is really important for our self-confidence./Our self-confidence. 36．We will have less time spend with friends and to make important memories. 37．It’s important to remember that everyone is different./Everyone is different. 38．3 ways of treating our bodies well are mentioned./Three./3. 39．例文 What I Like About Myself Everyone is special, and so am I. What I like about myself is mainly my healthy living habits and good character. To begin with, I have developed healthy living habits. For example, I never stay up so that I can focus in class. Besides, running for half an hour every day helps me keep in good health. What’s more, it’s my character that enables me to live happily. Being an outgoing girl, I can make friends easily and express my thoughts freely. What I own has brought me lots of benefits, and I will keep on working hard to make myself a better person. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。告诉我们要积极地接纳自己的身体。 34．根据“Sometimes, we may want to look a bit more like someone else. However, the pictures we see on TV and social media can give us improper ideas about how our bodies “should” look. The truth is that everybody is different—and that’s a good thing.”可知，接受并对自己的身体感觉良好能够体现我们的自信。故答案为“I like my curly hair” shows one’s confidence. /I like my curly hair. 35．根据“Accepting and feeling good about our bodies is really important for our self-confidence.”可知，接受并对自己的身体感觉良好对我们的自信非常重要。故答案为It is really important for our self-confidence./Our self-confidence. 36．根据“If you are spending a lot of time on it, you will have less time to spend with friends and to make important memories.”可知，如果你花了很多时间追求自身的完美，你就没有时间和朋友在一起，也没有时间留下重要的回忆。故答案为We will have less time spend with friends and to make important memories. 37．根据“It’s important to remember that everybody is different.”可知，重要的是要记住，每个人都是不同的。故答案为It’s important to remember that everyone is different./Everyone is different. 38．根据“To develop a positive body image, you should try to talk positively about your own body and other people’s bodies. Try not to pay too much attention to your look. Instead, think about what your body does for you. And you also should treat your body well by eating different kinds of food, doing sports and getting plenty of sleep.”可知， 本文共给出了三点建议。故答案为3 ways of treating our bodies well are mentioned./Three./3. 39．[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，要注意不要遗漏思维导图中的内容，并适当增加细节。 [写作步骤] ①第一步，表明写作意图。借用“每个人都是不同的”来引出下文中对自己的优点的介绍； ②第二步，具体阐述写作内容。从“我喜欢自己的哪些方面和原因”两方面入手，重点介绍自己的优点； ③第三步，书写结语。总结这些优点给我带来了哪些益处。 [亮点词汇] ①to begin with 起初 ②stay up 熬夜 ③so that 以便 ④what’s more 此外 ⑤keep on 继续 [高分句型] ①For example, I never stay up so that I can focus in class.（so that引导的目的状语从句） ②What’s more, it’s my character that enables me to live happily.（强调句） ③What I own has brought me lots of benefits, and I will keep on working hard to make myself a better person.（what引导的主语从句） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$