高中英语语法知识点总结-主谓一致 清单-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

主谓一致 主谓一致：谓语动词单复数形式与主语保持一致。分为三种： 1. 形式上一致 2. 意义上一致 3. 就近原则 1. 形式上一致: 谓语与主语在形式上一致。即：主语为单（复）数，谓语就为单（复）数。 2. 意义上一致：根据主语表达的单（复）意义，选择单（复）数谓语。 3. 就近原则：谓语形式上取决于最近的主语。 一、 形式上一致： 1. 单数名词、代词、不定式、动名词、句子做主语，谓语用单数。 *两个疑问词连接一个不定式、句子，谓语用单数。 Reading is what I like. That he is clever is clear to us. To become a doctor is my wish. *When and where to hold the meeting has not been decided. *When and where they will go is not clear. 2. and、both…and…连接并列主语，谓语用复数。 He and I are friends. Both Mary and I are students. To work hard and to realize my dream are my aims. What I saw and what I heard are the same. 但是，and连接并列主语时若表示同一事物，同一人，同一概念，谓语用单数。 注：同一概念、事物（即表示一个整体）。 bread and butter 奶油面包 truth and honest 诚信 science and technology 科技 a cart and horse 一副马车 a knife and fork 一副刀叉 a needle and thread 一副针线 To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. 同一个人（特点：and 后的名字前无冠词） a singer and dancer 一个既会唱歌也会跳舞的人 练习： Science and technology is very important in modern times. The secretary and manager is busy now. Both the secretary and the manager are busy now. A singer and dancer is going to give us a speech. Tom’s teacher and friend is Mr. Smith. 3. and 连接并列的单词主语，前面分别有every、each、no、many a 修饰时，谓语用单数。 Every boy and every girl has a new book. No teacher and no student is present at the meeting now. 4. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语取决于其后面的主语，若谓语后有多个并列名词，谓语取决于临近的主语。 ①地点状语放句首的倒装句。 South of the city stands a temple. On the wall are some pictures. In the room was found a pen and some books. ② such 放句首 Such is my father. Such are his words. ③ There be 句型 There is a book on the desk. There are two pens on the desk. There is a book and two pens on the desk. There are two pens and a book on the desk. 5. 下列词连接两个主语，谓语取决于第一个主语（承前一致） as well as rather than including not but/except besides in addition to like along/together with with as much as 和…一样 more than 超过，不仅仅 no less than 至少 Tom rather than you, is very honest. The students as well as the teacher are interesting. 6. 下列词做主语时，谓语用单数 either neither each the other another anyone someone no one everyone anybody somebody nobody everybody anything something nothing everything neither/either/none of +pln. 做主语时，谓语单复数均可，多用单数 7. more than one many a ＋名词单数：做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 more pln. than one: 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 More then one person is against you. More people than one are going there. 8. 定语从句谓语动词取决于先行词。 I want to buy some books that are useful. Have you taken away the book that was on the desk? one of pln. + 定语从句：谓语动词用复数 the (only) one of pln. + 定语从句：谓语动词用单数 He’s one of the boys who know the answer. He’s the only one of the boys who knows the answer. 9. 强调句式中，that/who后句子谓语取决于被强调部分。 It is Mary that/who is right. It is you and he that were invited. It is I who am wrong. 10. 特殊疑问句中，谓语取决于其后的名词或代词。 Who is the teacher? Where are my desks? 11.what从句做主语，表语为n.，谓语动词取决于n.。 What he wants is money while what I need are friends. 12. The Olympic games are held every four years.（奥运会做主语，谓语动词用复数） 二、意义上一致： 1. 由两个相同部分构成一个整体物体，做主语时谓语为复数。 但与a pair of 连用时，谓语用单数。 如：shoes, glasses, scales, chopsticks, socks, trousers, scissors, shorts The shoes are mine. This pair of shoes is mine. Two pairs of shoes are bought yesterday. 2. 学科名词、书刊名、报纸名、剧名、国名、人名虽以-s结尾，但表达单数含义，做主语时，谓语用单数。 physics, politics, maths, economics The Arabian Nights is an interesting book. The New York Times is very popular. 3. 下列集合名词作主语，谓语用复数。 如：people, police, poultry, cattle, militia, military, youth a person 一个人 two persons 两个人 two people 两个人 a people 一个民族 特例： a policeman two policemen a head of cattle two head of cattle 4. 下列名词作主语，看做整体时谓语动词用单数，看做成员时，谓语动词用复数。 family, team, group, crowd, party, class, club, company, committee, government My family is a big house. Look! My family are watching TV in the room. 5. 表示度量的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 度量名词可用来表示价格、金钱、时间、距离、体积、长短、温度。 Five years in one’s life is not a long time. 500 dollars is a large sum. 6. some, any, most, half, the rest, a part, the remainder, a lot=lots, the majority , plenty, 分数，百分数＋ of+ n. 的谓语动词取决于名词。 The rest of the trees cut down. The rest of the milk was bought by an old man. 7. population 单独做主语, 谓语动词用单数 与分数、百分数连用，谓语动词用单数。 The population of China is large and 80% of it are farmers. 8. the + adj. 做主语指人，谓语动词用复数 指物，谓语动词用单数。 The poor are not always poor. The beautiful in nature often gives us pleasure. 9. One and a half apples are one the table. 10. a number of a great many pln. : 谓语动词用复数 the number of + pln. 谓语动词用单数 a great deal of a large amount of + Un. 谓语单数 some plenty of a lot of = lots of pln./ Un. 谓语取决于n. a large quantity of 11. large quantities of +[U] ; pln. large amount of + [U] 谓语动词用复数 the number of + pln. the amount of + [U] 谓语动词用单数 “……的数量” the quantity of + [U].; pln. 12. 单复数同形的名词依所表的意思选择单/复数谓语。 means, works, species, deer, sheep, fish Such a glass works produces more today. Every means has been tried so far. All possible means have been tried so far. 13. all 作主语 指人，谓语用复数 指物，谓语用单数 All are here at the meeting. All than can be done has been done. 14. politics, physics 等学科，谓语用单数，指学科成绩谓语用复数. Physics is my favorite subject, but my physics in the exam are not good. · politics 指“政治观点”，谓语用复数 15. work: [U] 工作，谓语动词：单数 works [C] 工厂 著作→谓语动词：取决于它本身所表达的含义 16. kind: This kind of books is useful. Books of this kind are useful. kind 与名词连用作为主语，谓语动词看of前面的名词的表现形式。 17. each student= each of the students 谓语动词用单数 The students each have a story book. (each做为students 的同位语，不影响谓语动词) 18. 群岛、群山做主语，谓语用复数 The Alps The Philippines 19. A day or two is enough for me to do the work. One or two days are enough for me to do the work. 20. 加减乘除句子谓语动词用单数 99 and 2 is 101. 三、就近原则 or either…or… neither… nor…. whether…or… not…but… not only … but also… Either he or I am right. Am either I or he right? Not only he but also you are popular here. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$