Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures 教案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第二册

教学设计 课题 Unit 1 Cultural Heritage -Discovering Useful Structures 教学目标 Linguistic competence: Master attributive clauses with "which/that/who" to describe cultural heritage. Cultural awareness: Understand global heritage protection, fostering cross-cultural respect. Thinking quality: Analyze sentence structures logically, enhancing critical thinking in communication. Learning ability: Apply attributive clauses flexibly in speaking/writing about heritage. 重难点 Key: Grasp usage of relative pronouns (which/that/who) in restrictive attributive clauses. Difficult: Distinguish between "which" and "that"; avoid misplaced modifiers in complex sentences. 教学过程 一、开场导入 Hello, everyone! Today, we are going to continue our exploration of Unit 1 Cultural Heritage. In the previous classes, we learned about the problems and solutions related to cultural heritage, such as the Aswan Dam project in Egypt. Through that, we saw how different countries worked together to protect cultural relics. Now, in this class, we are going to focus on a very useful structure in English - relative clauses. This structure will help us describe people or things in greater detail. Are you ready to dive in? 二、知识呈现 观察与发现 First, let's look at some sentences from our reading passage. Please take out your textbooks and turn to the relevant part. Find the following sentences: "There comes a time when the old must give way to the new." "Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage." "After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help." Now, I want you to underline the relative pronouns and adverbs in these sentences. Who can tell me what you've underlined in the first sentence? Yes, the relative adverb "when". And in the second sentence? Correct, the relative pronoun "that". And in the third sentence, we have two "who". Great. Now, let's think about this. What are the antecedents in these sentences? In the first sentence, the antecedent of "when" is "a time". In the second sentence, the antecedent of "that" is "cultural relics". And in the third sentence, the antecedents of "who" are "scientists" and "citizens" respectively. Here comes a key point. The relative pronouns and adverbs are used to connect the relative clause to the antecedent in the main clause. They help us add more details about the person or thing in the main clause. For example, in the sentence "Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.", the relative clause "that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage" gives us more information about the "cultural relics". It tells us the significance of these cultural relics. 关系代词的用法总结 Let's summarize the usage of relative pronouns. We have "who", "whom", "which", "that", and "whose". "Who" is used when the antecedent is a person and the relative pronoun acts as the subject in the relative clause. For example, "The scientists who had studied the problem gave some good suggestions." Here, "scientists" is the antecedent, and "who" is the subject of the relative clause "had studied the problem". "Whom" is also used for a person, but it acts as the object in the relative clause. For instance, "The man whom we met yesterday is an expert in cultural heritage." Here, "man" is the antecedent, and "whom" is the object of the verb "met" in the relative clause. However, in modern English, "who" is often used instead of "whom" in informal situations. "Which" is used when the antecedent is a thing. Like in the sentence "The temple which was built thousands of years ago is still standing." Here, "temple" is the antecedent, and "which" is the subject of the relative clause "was built thousands of years ago". "That" can be used for both people and things. It can act as either the subject or the object in the relative clause. For example, "The book (that) I read last week was about cultural heritage." Here, "book" is the antecedent, and "that" is the object of the verb "read" in the relative clause. We can also say, "The girl that is standing over there is interested in cultural heritage." Here, "that" is the subject of the relative clause "is standing over there". "Whose" is used to show possession. It can be used for both people and things. For example, "The building whose roof was damaged in the storm is a historical building." Here, "building" is the antecedent, and "whose roof" shows the possession relationship, telling us which building we are talking about. 关系副词的用法总结 Now, let's talk about relative adverbs. We mainly have "when", "where", and "why". "When" is used when the antecedent is a time expression, and it acts as an adverb of time in the relative clause. Just like the sentence we saw before, "There comes a time when the old must give way to the new." Here, "time" is the antecedent, and "when" in the relative clause "the old must give way to the new" indicates the time situation. "Where" is used when the antecedent is a place, and it acts as an adverb of place in the relative clause. For example, "Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water." Here, "place" is the antecedent, and "where" in the relative clause "they were safe from the water" shows the place where the temples and cultural sites were moved to. "Why" is used when the antecedent is "reason", and it acts as an adverb of reason in the relative clause. For example, "The reason why he is so interested in cultural heritage is that his family has a long history of collecting antiques." Here, "reason" is the antecedent, and "why" in the relative clause "he is so interested in cultural heritage" explains the reason. 特殊情况：介词 + 关系代词 There is also a special case, which is "preposition + relative pronoun". Sometimes, we use this structure. For example, "The man with whom I talked just now is an archaeologist." Here, we use "with whom" instead of "whom" alone because the verb "talk" is often used with the preposition "with". Another example, "The book from which I got a lot of information about cultural heritage is in the library." Here, "from which" is used because the verb "get information" is related to the preposition "from". The preposition in this structure can be determined by the verb or the adjective in the relative clause, or by the meaning of the sentence. For example, if we say "This is the room in which we had a meeting yesterday.", the preposition "in" is related to the verb "had a meeting" (we have a meeting in a room). Notice that in this "preposition + relative pronoun" structure, we can only use "which" for things and "whom" for people. We cannot use "that" in this case. 三、练习巩固 句子重组练习 Now, it's time for some practice. Let's start with exercise 2 in your textbooks. We are going to rewrite the sentences using relative clauses. Look at the first one. "He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt." First, we need to decide which part will be the main clause and which will be the relative clause. The main clause can be "The photo was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.", and the relative clause is "He showed me the photo in his room." The antecedent is "photo". Since "photo" is a thing and it is the object in the relative clause, we can use "which" or "that". So the sentence with the relative clause is "The photo which/that he showed me in his room was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt." Let's move on to the second sentence. "The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries." The main clause can be "The project team was formed by members from fifteen countries.", and the relative clause is "The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania." The antecedent is "project team", which is a thing. As it is the subject in the relative clause, we use "which" or "that". The sentence becomes "The project team which/that helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania was formed by members from fifteen countries." Now, you try the third sentence. "This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty. The time when this temple was first built was during the Qin Dynasty." Here, the antecedent is "time", and we use the relative adverb "when" because it refers to a time. The sentence is correct as it is, but we can also rewrite it in a more complex way. For example, "This temple, which was first built during the Qin Dynasty, has a long history." Let's check the fourth sentence. "We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure." The main clause can be "The professional archaeologist explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.", and the relative clause is "We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid." The antecedent is "professional archaeologist", a person. Since it is the object in the relative clause, we can use "who", "whom", or "that". So the sentence is "The professional archaeologist who/whom/that we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure." For the fifth sentence. "The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday." The main clause can be "The place is under the desk.", and the relative clause is "I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas yesterday." The antecedent is "place", and we use "where". The sentence is "The place where I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the desk." And the last one. "Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple was that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation." Here, the antecedent is "reason", and we use "why" as the relative adverb. The sentence is correct. Now, I will give you a few minutes to check your answers with your partners. Discuss if there are any differences and try to figure out why. 翻译练习 Next, let's do some translation exercises. I will give you some Chinese sentences, and you need to translate them into English using relative clauses. The first one: 这是一座有着悠久历史的城市，它吸引了许多游客。You can start by thinking about which part will be the main clause and which will be the relative clause. The main clause can be "This is a city.", and the relative clause is "It has a long history and attracts many tourists." The antecedent is "city", a thing. As it is the subject in the relative clause, we can use "which" or "that". So the translation is "This is a city which/that has a long history and attracts many tourists." The second sentence: 我认识那个正在研究文化遗产保护的教授。The main clause can be "I know the professor.", and the relative clause is "He is studying the protection of cultural heritage." The antecedent is "professor", a person. Since it is the subject in the relative clause, we use "who" or "that". The translation is "I know the professor who/that is studying the protection of cultural heritage." The third one: 这就是我们去年参观过的那个博物馆。The main clause can be "This is the museum.", and the relative clause is "We visited it last year." The antecedent is "museum", a thing. As it is the object in the relative clause, we can use "which" or "that". The translation is "This is the museum which/that we visited last year." Now, write down your translations on a piece of paper. I will ask some of you to share your answers later. 填空练习 Let's move on to the next exercise. I will show you some sentences with blanks, and you need to fill in the blanks with the appropriate relative pronouns or adverbs. The first sentence: The man ______ I saw in the museum yesterday is a famous historian. Here, the antecedent is "man", a person, and it is the object in the relative clause. So we can use "who", "whom", or "that". The second sentence: I still remember the day ______ we visited the cultural heritage site. The antecedent is "day", a time expression. So we use "when". The third sentence: This is the school ______ my father studied when he was young. The antecedent is "school", a place. So we use "where". The fourth sentence: The reason ______ he was late for class is that he missed the bus. The antecedent is "reason". So we use "why". The fifth sentence: The book ______ cover is blue is about cultural heritage. Here, we need to show possession. The antecedent is "book", so we use "whose". Now, please write down your answers in your notebooks. Then, we will check them together. 四、课堂互动 小组讨论 Now, let's have a group discussion. I will divide you into groups of four. Each group will get a topic related to cultural heritage. You need to use relative clauses to describe the topic. The topics are as follows: a famous cultural heritage site in your hometown, a cultural heritage protection project you know, a person who has made great contributions to cultural heritage protection. For example, if your topic is "a famous cultural heritage site in your hometown", you can start like this: "The [name of the site] in my hometown, which was built in [a certain year], is very famous. It is a place where many historical events took place." You have ten minutes to discuss in your groups. Try to use as many relative clauses as possible. Then, each group will choose a representative to share your discussion with the whole class. 情景对话 After the group discussion, let's do a role - play activity. I will give you some situations related to cultural heritage. You need to create a dialogue with your partner, using relative clauses. Situation 1: You are a tourist asking a local guide about a famous cultural heritage site. For example, "Excuse me, can you tell me something about the temple over there? The temple which looks very old, what's its history?" Situation 2: You and your friend are discussing a cultural heritage protection plan. You can say, "I think the plan which the government has made is a good one. It will help protect the cultural relics that are in danger." Situation 3: You are interviewing a person who has participated in a cultural heritage restoration project. You can ask, "Sir, can you tell me about the project which you were involved in? What difficulties did you face?" Now, choose a situation with your partner and start creating your dialogue. I will walk around and listen to your conversations. After a few minutes, we will invite some pairs to come to the front and act out their dialogues. 五、课堂总结 重点回顾 Okay, class. Let's summarize what we've learned today. We focused on relative clauses, which are very useful for describing people or things in greater detail. We learned about relative pronouns like "who", "whom", "which", "that", "whose" and relative adverbs like "when", "where", "why". We know how to use them according to the antecedent and their functions in the relative clause. We also practiced using relative clauses through sentence rewriting, translation, filling in the blanks, group discussion, and role - play activities. 作业布置 For your homework, I want you to write a short passage about a cultural heritage that you are interested in. You must use at least five relative clauses in your passage. You can describe its history, its significance, or any interesting stories related to it. Also, I want you to find some English articles about cultural heritage. Underline all the relative clauses you can find in these articles and analyze their functions. We will share your findings in the next class. That's all for today's class. Thank you for your active participation. See you next time! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$