2024-2025学年高中英语暑假外刊阅读每日一练 Day 6

外刊改编阅读 暑假外刊阅读每日一练 Day 6 班级____________ 姓名_______ 分数：________ Passage 1 Sound serves as a crucial data source for understanding ecosystems, yet reliable recording is the first hurdle. In the tall teakplant growing alongside Siyamala Zulkifli, one of the project's researchers, lies a hidden world of forest sounds in Malaysian Borneo. As they navigated the area, the calls of Malabar pied hornbills and other rainforest creatures filled the air. These sounds, like the rustle of dry leaves that wasn't truly dry, held secrets. At around 1,000 meters in height, the teakplant, a fast - growing giant, might seem unchanging, but it's far from it. If disturbed, its leaves shift, and so does the soundscape. The researchers aimed to document these sounds, but the heat and humidity posed challenges. They set up a recording device, hoping to capture the forest's acoustic tapestry from a unique vantage point. Descending into the forest, the team faced a 30 - degree Celsius heat and 100% humidity. The dense foliage muffled sounds, and the constant rustling of leaves made it hard to distinguish individual calls. Back at the research station, analyzing the recordings was another task. Machine - learning algorithms were used to sift through the data, identifying patterns in the cacophony of forest sounds. Tropical rainforests, like the one in Borneo, are filled with an astonishing number of animal sounds. Even the smallest creatures contribute to this acoustic mix. For example, a woodcutter ant's rustle or the flutter of a moth's wings adds to the symphony. Documenting all these sounds is a massive undertaking. Ecoacoustic research aims to not only record but also understand this complex acoustic world. Sound recordings in such environments contain a vast amount of information tied to specific places and times. However, a problem arises: when dealing with bioacoustics, the recordings can be overwhelming. Sorting through hours of audio to find meaningful data is time - consuming. But it's a necessary effort, as these sounds can reveal much about the health and dynamics of the ecosystem. 1.What is the first challenge in using sound to study ecosystems according to the passage? A. Capturing the sounds of rare animals. B. Reliably recording the sounds. C. Analyzing the recorded sounds. D. Understanding the meaning of sounds. 2. Why was it difficult for the researchers to distinguish individual animal calls in the forest? A. There were too many animal species. B. The heat and humidity affected their hearing. C. The dense foliage and constant leaf rustling interfered. D. Their recording device was not advanced enough. 3. The word “cacophony” in the passage most probably means ______. A. A harmonious mix of sounds. B. A confusing mixture of sounds. C. The sound of a single animal species. D. The quietness of a forest. 4. What can we infer about ecoacoustic research from the passage? A. It is an easy task that requires little effort. B. It only focuses on recording sounds, not understanding them. C. It can provide valuable insights into ecosystem health. D. It has no practical applications in real - world problems. Passage 2 Modern genetic data from Fulani populations sheds light on ancient migrations, adaptations, and interconnections that have shaped Africa’s arylands. The young Fulani man opens his goats, sheep, and sometimes camels to find Fulani communities, a fact the Jola, a West African ethnic group. The Fulani, also known as the Peul, are a diverse group spread across West and Central Africa, with a population of around 25 million. They have a long history of pastoralism, moving their herds in search of water and pasture. To understand the Fulani's past, researchers study their genetic data, along with archaeological and linguistic evidence. Ancient DNA samples reveal that the Fulani's ancestors had interactions with other African groups. Over time, they developed unique survival adaptations, such as lactose tolerance, which allowed them to rely on milk as a food source in harsh environments. The Fulani's migration patterns are closely linked to the environmental changes in the Sahel region. Thousands of years ago, the Sahara was a green, savanna - like landscape. As the climate changed and the Sahara dried up, the Fulani and other groups migrated to the Sahel, a semi - arid region south of the Sahara. Here, they adapted to the new environment, practicing transhumance—moving their herds seasonally between wet and dry areas. Language also plays a role in understanding the Fulani's history. Many Fulani speak varieties of Fula, a language with a rich oral tradition. This tradition passes down stories of their ancestors' migrations and way of life. In recent years, genetic studies have further uncovered the Fulani's connections to other populations. For example, some genetic markers show links to groups from North Africa and the Middle East, suggesting complex migration and interaction histories. Today, the Fulani continue their pastoral way of life, but they also face challenges such as climate change and land degradation. Their story, intertwined with the history of the Green Sahara, provides valuable insights into how human populations adapt to and shape their environments over time. 1. What can modern genetic data from Fulani populations illuminate? A. Only the current lifestyle of the Fulani. B. Ancient migrations, adaptations, and interconnections shaping Africa’s arylands. C. The number of Fulani people in Africa. D. The best places for Fulani to graze their animals. 2. What adaptation helped the Fulani survive in harsh environments? A. Ability to find water easily. B. Lactose tolerance. C. Strong herding skills. D. Resistance to diseases. 3. The word “transhumance” in the passage most probably means ______. A. Settling down in one place permanently. B. Moving herds seasonally between different areas. C. Raising only one type of animal. D. Trading animals for other goods. 4. What can we infer from the passage about the Fulani's future? A. They will stop their pastoral way of life soon. B. They will only face challenges from climate change. C. Their ability to adapt will be crucial for their survival. D. They will migrate back to the Green Sahara. Passage 3 Molecular insights are revealing the hidden architecture of immune disjunction and how to stop autoimmune diseases before they begin. In the mid - 1990s, a researcher was working in a lab at the University of Washington. A 15 - year - old girl with a rare blood disorder was part of the research. Her condition, primary sclerosing cholangitis, was difficult to treat. The girl's mother also had severe rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease. This family connection sparked an interest in understanding the shared biological mechanisms behind autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases, like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. There are many different types, but they all involve the immune system's failure to distinguish self from non - self. For years, research in this area had a collective approach, but studying families with multiple autoimmune diseases offered a new way. By looking at families, researchers hoped to uncover the deep commonalities between autoimmune diseases. This could lead to new treatments. The immune system and other biological systems usually function seamlessly, but in autoimmune diseases, a mistake occurs. The disease depends on the immune system's response to threats. If the immune system misidentifies the body's own cells as foreign, it attacks them, leading to diseases. Advances in genetics have played a crucial role. Researchers have used techniques like DNA typing to explore the genes involved in autoimmune diseases. By studying large groups of people, they've found that while different genes may be involved in different diseases, there are shared genetic risk factors. These shared risks suggest that studying the common genetic ground could reveal how the immune system makes mistakes. Understanding these genetic and molecular aspects is key to developing new treatments. It could also help predict who might be at risk of developing autoimmune diseases. As research continues, the hope is to find ways to stop these diseases before they start, alleviating the suffering of millions of patients and their families. 1. What can molecular insights reveal according to the passage? A. Only the causes of rare blood disorders. B. The hidden architecture of immune disjunction and ways to stop autoimmune diseases early. C. How to treat all diseases in a family. D. The best diet for people with autoimmune diseases. 2. Why did studying families with multiple autoimmune diseases become important? A. To find new treatments for rare blood disorders. B. To understand the shared biological mechanisms behind autoimmune diseases. C. To prove that all autoimmune diseases are the same. D. To promote family - based medical care. 3. The word “commonalities” in the passage most probably means ______. A. Differences between diseases. B. Shared features or characteristics. C. New types of diseases. D. Treatment methods for diseases. 4. What can we infer from the passage about the future of autoimmune disease research? A. It will focus only on genetic research. B. It will stop trying to find new treatments. C. It will likely lead to ways to prevent autoimmune diseases before they occur. D. It will show that autoimmune diseases cannot be prevented. 答案 文章 1（生态声学相关） 1答案：B 解析：文章开篇提到 “声音可以成为了解生态系统的重要数据来源，但首先要解决的难题是可靠地记录这些声音”，所以利用声音研究生态系统的首要挑战是可靠地记录声音。 2答案：C 解析：文中指出 “茂密的树叶使声音变得低沉，持续的树叶沙沙声让人很难区分出单个动物的叫声”，即茂密的树叶和持续的树叶沙沙声造成了干扰，使得研究人员难以区分单个动物的叫声。 3答案：B 解析：结合分析森林中众多重叠声音的语境，“cacophony”（刺耳的声音、嘈杂声 ）指的是声音的混乱混合。 4答案：C 解析：由于文章提到这些声音能够揭示生态系统健康状况等诸多信息，所以可以推断出生态声学研究能够为了解生态系统健康提供有价值的见解。 文章 2（富拉尼人相关） 1答案：B 解析：文章开头表明 “来自富拉尼人群体的现代基因数据揭示了塑造非洲干旱地区的古代迁徙、适应和相互联系”，所以基因数据能够阐明这些方面。 2答案：B 解析：文中提到 “随着时间的推移，他们发展出了独特的生存适应能力，比如乳糖耐受性，这使他们在恶劣环境中能够依靠牛奶作为食物来源”，所以帮助富拉尼人在恶劣环境中生存的适应能力是乳糖耐受性。 3答案：B 解析：结合富拉尼人在干湿区域之间季节性迁移牲畜的语境，“transhumance”（ 季节性迁移放牧 ）指的是季节性地在不同区域之间迁移牲畜。 4答案：C 解析：考虑到富拉尼人面临气候变化等挑战，且他们有适应环境的历史，所以可以推断出他们的适应能力对生存至关重要。 文章 3（自身免疫性疾病相关） 1答案：B 解析：文章开篇提到 “分子层面的研究正在揭示免疫失调的潜在机制，以及如何在自身免疫性疾病发生前阻止它们”，所以分子层面的研究能够揭示这些内容。 2答案：B 解析：文中提到研究有多种自身免疫性疾病的家庭，有助于揭示这些疾病背后共同的生物学机制，所以研究这类家庭很重要的原因在于此。 3答案：B 解析：结合探寻自身免疫性疾病之间共同的生物学机制和基因因素的语境，“commonalities”（ 共性、共同特征 ）指的是疾病之间共有的特征或特点。 4答案：C 解析：由于文章谈到希望通过研究找到在自身免疫性疾病发生前阻止它们的方法，所以可以推断出未来的研究可能会带来预防这些疾病发生的方法。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$