2024-2025学年高中英语暑假外刊阅读每日一练 Day 5

外刊改编阅读 暑假外刊阅读每日一练 Day 5 班级____________ 姓名_______ 分数：________ Passage 1 Researchers have compiled the largest - ever catalog of olfactory perception to build a universal dictionary describing smells. Poets and novelists have long lamented the difficulty of writing about the sense of smell. Amid a wide - ranging attempt to map our perception of scents, researchers are working to create a “universal dictionary” for smells, similar to how we describe colors or visual patterns. The authors are looking to expand our perceptual glossary to include a universal understanding of odor perception. This could help us understand why people perceive smells differently, or why some suffer from problems like anosmia (a potential complication, perhaps, of COVID - 19). A huge resource of scent data also supports this project. Scientists are using “algorithms which combine senses” and machine - learning techniques. This has broad potential applications in fields like monitoring security, personal - care product development, and education. One interesting aspect is the study of how people perceive different scents. For example, what olfactory perception do people have of “benzyl acetate”? Study participants debated over whether it smelled like bananas or nail polish remover. There's no true answer to the question, as our smelling is linked to the emotional and personal experiences we associate with scents. Our tendency to react viscerally to some smells (like detecting unseen danger via foul odors) forms the basis of our survival. But we also respond to scents we recognize immediately, not just those that signal threats. The complex process of smell information - bypassing the thalamus - like emotional response governing emotion - related brain areas - fills an important gap in our understanding of how the brain targets environmental threats and reacts to pleasant smells. The field of olfaction research is truly interdisciplinary, involving neuroscience, computer science, and psychology. Understanding how smells work is crucial. After all, language may only scratch the surface of our olfactory experiences. 1. What do poets and novelists often complain about regarding the sense of smell? A. There are too many smells to describe. B. It is hard to write about the sense of smell. C. People have different perceptions of smells. D. Smells are not as important as colors. 2. What is the purpose of compiling the catalog of olfactory perception? A. To help poets write better. B. To build a universal dictionary describing smells. C. To cure anosmia. D. To make nail polish remover smell better. 3. The word “anosmia” in the passage refers to A. A kind of pleasant smell. B. A normal olfactory perception. C. A problem of losing the sense of smell. D. A new type of scent. 4. What is the writer's purpose in writing this passage? A. To introduce a new perfume. B. To explain how to make scents. C. To present research on olfactory perception and the attempt to build a universal smell dictionary. D. To compare different smells. Passage 2 On the rocky shores of Scotland’s Isle of Skye, a remarkable window into the Jurassic period has emerged. Over 170 million years ago, this now - iconic landscape was a very different place — an arid, prehistoric environment dotted with tidal flats and ancient waterways. It was here that dinosaurs, both meat - eating and plant - eating, once roamed, leaving behind a trail of fossilized footprints that are now rewriting our understanding of their coexistence. A team of researchers, led by experts in paleontology and geology, made a significant discovery: 131 fossilized footprints preserved in the area’s ancient rock formations. These aren’t just simple imprints; they are a complex record of dinosaur behavior. To unlock their secrets, the scientists turned to advanced digital modeling techniques. First, they created a vector map, which meticulously combines all the footprint data and the layout of the trackways. This map acts as a blueprint, showing how the dinosaurs moved across the terrain. Then, a 3D elevation model was developed, using contour lines to represent the height of the land. This model, along with Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), allowed for extremely precise measurements of the footprints. Every indentation, every stride length, and every interaction pattern could be analyzed with newfound accuracy. What these models revealed was truly astonishing. The footprints showed that meat - eating and plant - eating dinosaurs shared this prehistoric landscape, and it wasn’t the one - sided “hunter vs. helpless prey” scenario often depicted. Instead, the tracks suggested a more complex web of interactions. Maybe they were grazing, wandering, or even interacting in ways we can only begin to imagine. The Isle of Skye’s Jurassic - era setting, with its unique mix of arid terrain and tidal influences, provided the perfect backdrop for these dinosaurs to leave their mark. But the significance of these fossils goes beyond just dinosaur behavior. As debates continue to rage within the scientific community about dinosaur evolution during the Jurassic period, these footprints have become critical evidence. They offer a tangible link to a time when life on Earth was undergoing dramatic changes. Moreover, there’s a fascinating connection to Scotland’s human history. The area where the footprints were found was part of the “Bernerian” realm, associated with the story of Bonnie Prince Charlie, a key figure in Scottish history. So, as paleontologists carefully study each track, they’re not only peeling back the layers of prehistoric life but also uncovering a story that weaves together ancient ecosystems and human - historical threads. It’s a reminder that the history of our planet is a rich tapestry, with each discovery adding a new, vibrant thread. 1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. New Dinosaur Species Discovered on Skye B. Dinosaur Footprints in Skye: Unveiling Ancient Secrets C. The Role of Digital Models in Studying Fossils D. Scotland’s Isle of Skye: From Jurassic to Modern Times 2. What was the process of studying the dinosaur footprints? A. First creating a 3D elevation model, then a vector map. B. Using only Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for measurement. C. Making a vector map and a 3D elevation model for analysis. D. Relying on traditional methods to study the footprints. 3. The word “paleontologists” in the passage most probably means ______. A. Scientists who study ancient life forms like dinosaurs B. Researchers focusing on modern animal behavior C. Experts in digital map - making technology D. Historians studying human - historical connections 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Before this discovery, no one believed meat - eating dinosaurs lived on Skye. B. The dinosaur footprints only show peaceful interactions. C. These fossils are important for researching Jurassic dinosaur evolution. D. The Isle of Skye has had the same environment since the Jurassic period. Passage 3 The engineer’s ethos, symbolized in rings of cold - worked metal, has a long - standing and evolving history. On April 25, 1925, the first “Calling of an Engineer” ceremony was performed in Canada. This ritual, with its roots in the tradition of the Iron Ring, is a significant event. It represents the obligation that engineers undertake to uphold ethical standards. The idea of the engineer as a “masterless ‘machine - minder’” has evolved from ancient times. For example, the “honorable engineer” of the Middle Ages, who worked with metal, and the locksmiths of the 18th - century France, some of whom were members of the secretive Society of the Wrights, have contributed to this heritage. The origin of engineering can be traced back to the invention of the first tools. The ancient builder - engineer, like Imhotep who designed the step - pyramid for Pharaoh Zoser in Egypt around 2600 B.C., was a pioneer. Even before that, the wheel, lever, and simple machines were invented, laying the foundation for engineering as a community - based practice. Over time, engineering has expanded into various fields, including mechanical, electrical, chemical, and software engineering. Today, engineering has become a vast field. It involves using natural resources and applying scientific principles to create useful products and processes. Engineers need to understand physics, mathematics, and the ever - changing demands of society. For instance, the 2023 Jane S. Irvine Award for the best undergraduate paper in engineering was given to a student who addressed a crucial engineering challenge. Engineering also has a military and industrial aspect. As civilization has advanced, the two branches of engineering - military and civil - have grown. Military engineers were responsible for building fortifications and developing weapons, while civil engineers focused on infrastructure like roads and bridges. In modern times, engineers are involved in developing new technologies, from nanotechnology to large - scale systems engineering. They also play a role in addressing global challenges such as climate change and sustainable development. 1. What is the significance of the “Calling of an Engineer” ceremony? A. It is a celebration of new engineering inventions. B. It represents engineers' obligation to ethical standards. C. It marks the end of an engineer's education. D. It is a traditional party for engineers in Canada. 2. Who was an ancient builder - engineer mentioned in the passage? A. A locksmith from 18th - century France. B. A member of the Society of the Wrights. C. Imhotep, who designed a step - pyramid. D. The first engineer to receive the Iron Ring. 3. The word “ethos” in the passage most probably means ______. A. A set of moral principles or beliefs. B. A type of engineering tool. C. A historical event in engineering. D. A new engineering concept. 4. What can we infer about the future of engineering from the passage? A. It will only focus on military engineering. B. It will stop developing new technologies. C. It will play a role in solving global challenges. D. It will become less important in society. 答案 文章 1（嗅觉感知研究） 1答案：B 解析：文中提到 “诗人和小说家长期以来都在感慨描写嗅觉是多么困难”，所以他们抱怨的是描写嗅觉很难。 2答案：B 解析：正如文中所说 “研究人员编制了有史以来最大的嗅觉感知目录，目的是构建一个描述气味的通用词典”，所以编制该目录的目的是构建这样一个词典。 3答案：C 解析：从 “为什么有些人会遭受像嗅觉丧失这样的问题（这可能是新冠的一种潜在并发症）”，以及与嗅觉相关问题的语境来看，“anosmia” 指的是嗅觉丧失。 4答案：C 解析：这篇文章主要介绍了关于嗅觉感知的研究以及构建通用气味词典的尝试，所以作者的写作目的就是呈现这些内容。 文章 2（斯凯岛恐龙足迹） 1答案：B 解析：文章主要围绕斯凯岛的恐龙足迹展开，讲述了这些足迹如何揭示恐龙共存等古代秘密，所以这个标题最恰当。 2答案：C 解析：文中提到 “首先，他们制作了一个矢量地图…… 然后，开发了一个 3D 高程模型…… 用于分析”，所以研究过程包括制作这两种模型。 3答案：A 解析：结合研究恐龙足迹和史前生命的语境，“paleontologists（古生物学家）” 就是研究像恐龙这样古代生命形式的科学家。 4答案：C 解析：文中提到 “这些足迹已成为研究侏罗纪恐龙进化的关键证据”，所以我们可以推断出这些化石对研究很重要。 文章 3（工程学相关） 1答案：B 解析：文中指出 “它（‘工程师 Calling’仪式）代表着工程师践行道德标准的义务”，所以这就是该仪式的意义。 2答案：C 解析：从 “像在公元前 2600 年左右为法老左塞尔设计阶梯金字塔的伊姆霍特普这样的古代建筑工程师” 可知，伊姆霍特普就是文中提到的古代建筑工程师。 3答案：A 解析：结合工程师的义务和传统这一语境，“ethos（ ethos 在这里指的是一种道德准则和信念体系 ）” 指的是一套道德原则或信念。 4答案：C 解析：文中提到工程师 “在应对气候变化等全球挑战中发挥作用……”，所以我们可以推断出工程学在未来会助力解决全球挑战。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$