Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading and Thinking 教案-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

教学设计 课程基本信息 学科 英语 年级 高一 学期 秋季 课题 Unit 4 Natural Disasters -Reading and Thinking 教学目标 Language Competence: Students will master earthquake - related vocabulary like "quake", "crack", "ruin" etc. They can understand and retell the text about the Tangshan earthquake, improving reading and speaking skills. Cultural Awareness: They will recognize global attention to natural disasters and diverse rescue cultures. For instance, different countries' rescue teams' cooperation spirit in face of major quakes. Thinking Quality: Analyze the causes and consequences of the earthquake rationally. They can also think critically about disaster prevention and relief measures, enhancing logical thinking. Learning Ability: Learn reading strategies such as skimming and scanning to extract key information. Moreover, they can independently explore more about natural disasters through various resources. 重难点 Key Points: Grasp earthquake - related vocabulary and phrases; understand the text structure and main idea about the Tangshan earthquake; learn reading skills for better comprehension. Difficult Points: Comprehend complex sentences and long passages about disasters; analyze deeply the reasons and impacts of disasters; use learned knowledge to discuss and write about disaster prevention. 教学过程 Introduction Good morning, dear students. Today, we are going to explore a very important and moving text from Unit 4 Natural Disasters in your textbook, the reading passage named "The Night the Earth Didn't Sleep". This text focuses on one of the most tragic natural disasters in modern Chinese history - the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Through this reading, we will not only improve our reading skills, such as understanding the main idea, getting details, and analyzing the structure, but also deeply feel the power of nature and the strong will of human beings in the face of disasters. So, let's start this meaningful reading journey. Pre - reading First, look at the title of the text "The Night the Earth Didn't Sleep". What comes to your mind when you see this title? The earth is personified here. It seems that something unusual and terrible happened during that night. And then, take a look at the photo on the page. We can see a city in ruins, with collapsed buildings and a desolate scene. From the title and the photo, we can make some predictions. Maybe this text will tell us about a natural disaster that occurred at night, perhaps an earthquake that brought great destruction to a city. Now, let's read the text carefully to check if our predictions are correct. While - reading Paragraph 1 Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00 am., on 28 July 1976 bright lights were seen in the sky outside of the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were asleep as usual that night. Let's analyze this paragraph. What is the main idea? It lists a series of strange phenomena that occurred before the earthquake. The water in the wells behaved abnormally, rising and falling repeatedly. There were cracks in the well walls, and smelly gas came out of at least one well. Animals also showed unusual behaviors. Chickens, pigs, dogs, mice, and fish all seemed to sense the coming danger. And then, bright lights and loud noises were observed in the sky outside Tangshan. But unfortunately, the people in the city were not aware of these warnings and were asleep as normal. This paragraph sets the stage for the following tragic event. Now, let's focus on some language points. We have the phrase "too... to...", like "Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat". Here, "too nervous to eat" means they were so nervous that they couldn't eat. It's a very useful structure to express a certain degree of a state that leads to an inability to do something. Paragraph 2 At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beijing. Nearly one third of the whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. In this paragraph, the earthquake finally struck. At 3:42 am, the world turned upside down. The description "It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!" vividly shows the terrifying power of the earthquake. The use of "as if" here indicates a situation that is not real but is extremely similar to a certain extreme situation. This earthquake was extremely powerful. It was one of the most deadly earthquakes in the 20th century. The fact that it could cause damage in Beijing, which is more than 150 kilometres away, and that nearly one - third of the whole nation felt it, shows its wide - spread impact. The huge crack that cut across the city and the transformation of hard hills of rock into rivers of dirt are also strong visual descriptions of the destruction caused by the earthquake. And within less than a minute, the once - prosperous city was reduced to ruins. Paragraph 3 Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the city’s factories and buildings, 90 percent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. This paragraph further elaborates on the tragic consequences of the earthquake. A large proportion of the population was killed or injured. The number of casualties is astonishing, more than 400,000 people. The city was completely devastated. Factories, buildings, homes, and hospitals were almost all destroyed. The description "Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away" is a very touching metaphor. It shows the large number of bricks from the collapsed buildings, and the fact that no wind could blow them away emphasizes the severity of the destruction. The destruction also extended to infrastructure like bridges and railway tracks, and the agricultural sector with the death of a large number of livestock. And as if the first earthquake was not enough, another big quake hit Tangshan in the afternoon, making the situation even worse. Water, food, and electricity were in short supply, and people were in great pain and confusion, wondering when this disaster would end. Here, we have some important language points. "Two thirds" is a fraction. When expressing fractions, the numerator is in cardinal number form, and the denominator is in ordinal number form. If the numerator is more than one, the denominator should add an "s". Also, we have "the number of + countable noun plural" which means "the quantity of", and the verb following it is in the singular form. Paragraph 4 But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Tens of thousands of people were helped. Trains, trucks and planes brought water and food to Tangshan. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. In contrast to the previous paragraphs full of despair, this paragraph brings hope. Although the earthquake brought great disasters, the country and the people did not give up. The army immediately sent a large number of soldiers to rescue the trapped people and bury the dead. Doctors and nurses also rushed to the disaster area to provide medical services. Workers built shelters for the homeless survivors. Trains, trucks, and planes transported essential supplies like water and food to the disaster area. These efforts gradually made the city start to recover, as if it was "beginning to breathe again", which is a vivid expression of the city's slow return to normalcy. Pay attention to the phrase "dig out", which means to remove earth, sand, etc. in order to find something or to free someone or something that is trapped. And "bury the dead" means to place the dead bodies in the ground. Also, we have the use of "whose" in "survivors whose homes had been destroyed". "Whose" is a relative pronoun used to show possession in an attributive clause. Paragraph 5 Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. The city of Tangshan has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must come together and show the wisdom of human beings. By staying positive, we can rebuild a brighter future. This paragraph tells us about the revival of Tangshan. With the joint efforts of the government and the people, Tangshan rose from the ruins. It has made great progress in various aspects such as transportation, industry, and the environment, and has become a new home for a large number of people. This shows that human beings have the ability to overcome disasters and build a better future. The city of Tangshan is a living example of the power of unity and perseverance. The phrase "get back up on its feet" means to recover or to start functioning normally again after a difficult situation. And "in times of" means during a particular period or situation. Post - reading Now, let's summarize the whole text. The text can be divided into five parts. The first part (Paragraph 1) describes the strange signs before the earthquake. The second part (Paragraph 2) tells us about the sudden occurrence of the earthquake. The third part (Paragraph 3) details the serious consequences of the earthquake. The fourth part (Paragraph 4) shows the rescue work carried out after the earthquake. And the fifth part (Paragraph 5) shows the revival and development of Tangshan after the disaster. Through this reading, we have not only learned about the Tangshan earthquake but also understood the importance of disaster prevention and the power of unity and perseverance in the face of disasters. So, my dear students, if you were in a similar disaster situation, what would you do? How can we better prepare for natural disasters in our daily lives? Think about these questions and we will discuss them in the next class. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$