2025年英语全国一卷阅读理解C篇D篇文本解析 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

2025英语全国一卷阅读理解C篇D篇文本解析 C篇 【文本及译文】 While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. 尽管近年来街道安全可能有所改善，但交通研究显示行人出行率下降，尤其是儿童群体。许多家长表示路上车辆太多，孩子步行上学不安全，所以选择开车送孩子。 Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 荷兰作家塔莉亚·韦尔卡德与马尔科·特布勒梅斯特罗特对这类现象深感忧虑。在新书《出行之道：如何夺回我们的街道并改变我们的生活》中，他们呼吁重新审视街道及其在生活中的作用。 Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. 城市街道生态在数十年前开始改变。整片社区被拆除用于新建道路网，儿童被迫另寻玩耍场所。部分社区发起反抗运动。最著名的是上世纪50年代初移居曼哈顿的加拿大记者，她发起保护社区公园的运动。面对公园将被快速路取代的规划，简·雅各布斯向市长疾呼“让纽约成为体面的居住地而非匆匆穿行之地”。上世纪60年代末至70年代，澳大利亚也爆发类似运动。 Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. 尽管抗议浪潮此起彼伏，现实却是多数西方城市围绕机动车需求彻底重构。道路车辆持续激增——在人口仅两千六百万的澳大利亚，汽车保有量已突破两千万辆，位居全球汽车拥有率前列。 We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 我们斥巨资修建助人疾驰的道路，却未能计算真正的代价。当儿童无法在社区安全活动时，整个社会付出的成本难道我们真的意识到了？《出行之道》作者的观点切中要害：是时候重新审视门前那条街道了。 【长难句分析】 1. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. 这是一个由连词so连接的并列复合句。第一个分句的主语为“Many parents”，谓语“say”；“there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school”为宾语从句。第二个分句“they pack them into the car instead”为简单句。 2. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. 这是一个包含一个定语从句的复合句。“In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives”是地点状语。主句为“they call for a rethink ... and the role ...”；“they play in our lives”是定语从句，修饰the role。 3. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” “Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway”现在分词短语作状语；句子主干为“Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长)”。 4. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. 这是一个包含一个让步状语从句和一个表语从句的复合句。“Although these campaigns were widespread”为让步状语从句；句子主干为“the reality is that ...”；其中that引导表语从句，说明reality的具体内容。 【词汇积累】 1. pedestrian n. 行人；步行者 2. pack v. 聚集 3. call for 号召；呼吁；倡议 4. make way for 让……通过；给……让路；让出位置 5. replacement n. 代替；取代；更换 6. expressway n. 高速公路 7. champion v. 捍卫；拥护；支持 8. rush through 使快速通过；仓促处理 9. redesign v. 重新设计 10. account for 解释；说明 【熟词生义】 1. pack 常见义：作动词时，意为 “打包；包装”（如 pack luggage 打包行李）。 生义：文中 “they pack them into the car” 中，pack 表示 “塞进；挤满”，强调将孩子 “塞进” 车里的动作，体现空间的紧凑。 2. champion 常见义：作名词时，意为 “冠军；优胜者”。 生义：文中 “Jane Jacobs called on her mayor to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live...’” 中，champion 作动词，意为 “支持；拥护；为…… 而战”，指倡导将纽约打造成宜居之地。 3. account for 常见义：意为 “（数量上）占；对…… 做出解释”（如 The product accounts for 30% of sales. 该产品占销售额的 30%）。 生义：文中 “we fail to account for the true costs” 中，account for 表示 “考虑；重视”，指没有充分考虑到交通问题带来的真正代价。 D篇 【文本及译文】 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on theHimalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. 微塑料已成为地球普遍污染物——它们沉积在深海与喜马拉雅山脉，嵌入火山岩内部，充斥海鸟胃囊，甚至飘落在南极洲的新雪中，如今更开始出现在人体内部。 Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. 最新研究表明，只需采取简单廉价的操作，就能显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量：煮沸后过滤。中国研究团队周三发表于《环境科学与技术通讯》的研究发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟，待冷却后过滤，可去除其中至少80%的微塑料。 Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. 关键在于此过程需要水中含有足量碳酸钙来捕获塑料微粒。实验中，煮沸含300毫克碳酸钙的硬水能使塑料微粒减少近90%；但碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本经煮沸后，塑料含量仅降低25%。此外，该研究未覆盖所有塑料类型，仅聚焦聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯三种常见塑料，也未检测氯乙烯等其他已知水中化学物质。 Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. 尽管如此，这项发现为减少微塑料暴露提供了潜在路径——当前这项任务正变得日益艰巨。科学家今年初发现，瓶装水所含微塑料数量竟达此前预估的10至1000倍。 Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 科学家仍在探究微塑料的具体危害，但现有认知已引发担忧。新研究提示煮沸自来水或可成为限制摄入的有效手段。“他们论证微塑料通过煮沸被截留的过程很巧妙，”苏格兰格拉斯哥大学环境工程师卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛（未参与研究）向《新科学家》表示，“我们应着力升级饮用水处理厂以清除微塑料。” 【长难句分析】 1. Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. 句子主干为“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth”；破折号后引入的补充说明/解释性分句；“they”指代microplastics；“they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, ... and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow”是一系列用逗号和and连接的并列谓语动词，描述微塑料的不同存在状态。 2. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. “In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters”为状语；句子主干为“researchers from China found”；that引导宾语从句；“then filtering it after it cools”为插入语，补充说明。“after it cools”为时间状语从句。 3. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. 这是一个由and连接的并列句。第一个句子的主干为“The team focused only on three common types”；“polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene”为插入语，具体解释是哪三种类型；第二个句子的主干为“they didn’t study other chemicals”；“previously found in water”过去分词短语作定语。 4. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. 直接引语中的句子主干为“The way was nice,；其中“they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process”为定语从句，修饰The way；how引导宾语从句；主句句子主干为“Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsaytells New Scientist”；“an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland”为同位语，解释其身份；“who was not involved in the research”为定语从句，修饰Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay。 【词汇积累】 1. microplastic n. 微塑料 2. the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山脉 3. Antarctic 南极的；南极地带的 4. tap n. （控制液体或气体从管道或容器中流出的）龙头，阀门 5. filter v. 过滤 6. cool v. 使冷却；使变凉；使感到凉快 7. rely on 依靠；依赖 8. calcium carbonate 碳酸钙 9. drop n. （数量或质量的）下降 10. focus on 将（注意力或精力）集中在…… 11. polystyrene n. 聚苯乙烯 12. polyethylene n. 聚乙烯 13. polypropylene n. 聚丙烯 14. vinyl chloride 氯乙烯 15. exposure n. 暴露；显露 16. increasingly adv. 渐增地；越来越多地 17. intake n. （饮食等的）吸入量，摄取量 18. upgrade v. 升级，提升，改善（某事物） 【熟词生义】 1. settle 常见义：作动词时，意为 “定居；安顿”（如 settle in a new city 在新城市定居）、“解决（问题等）”（如 settle a dispute 解决争端）。 生义：文中 “they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas” 中，settle 表示 “沉积；停留”，指微塑料在深海和喜马拉雅山等地方 “沉积、留存”，体现其广泛分布的状态。 2. stuck 常见义：作形容词时，意为 “卡住的；无法移动的”（如 The door is stuck. 门卡住了）。 生义：文中 “stuck inside volcanic rocks” 中，stuck 表示 “嵌入；附着”，强调微塑料 “嵌入” 火山岩内部的状态，体现其难以清除的特性。 3. measure 常见义：作名词时，意为 “测量；尺寸”（如 take measures of the room 测量房间尺寸）。 生义：文中 “a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce...” 中，measure 表示 “措施；方法”，指能减少微塑料的具体做法，是解决问题的手段。 4. hard 常见义：作形容词时，意为 “坚硬的；困难的”（如 a hard stone 坚硬的石头；a hard task 困难的任务）。 生义：文中 “boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate” 中，hard 描述水的属性，意为 “（水）硬的”（指含有较多矿物质如碳酸钙的水，与 软水（soft water）相对。 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$