高中被动语态全解析 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

学科教师辅导讲义 组长审核： 授课主题 被动语态 教学目的 掌握被动语态的做题技巧 重、难点 被动语态的谓语结构 授课时间 教学内容 复习巩固 易错知识点 课程导入 复习目标： · 1.被动语态的谓语结构 · 2.主动语态变被动语态的方法 本节知识点讲解 一、被动语态的基本概念 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作本身或动作的接受者而非执行者。 二、被动语态的构成 基本结构：be + 过去分词 主动语态和被动语态的相互转化： I eat an egg every day. =An egg is eaten （by me）every day. 注：被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略，特别是当动作执行者不重要或不明确时： 三、不同时态的主动语态和被动语态结构对比： 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done 一般过去时 did was/were + done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being + done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being + done 现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + done 过去完成时 had done had been + done 一般将来时 will do will be + done 将来完成时 will have done will have been + done 过去将来时 would do would be + done 注：被动语态没有各种将来进行时和各种完成进行时 知识点一：被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态结构 例句及翻译 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 English is spoken in many countries.许多国家都说英语。 The letters are delivered every morning.信件每天早上被投递。 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 The building was constructed in 1990.这栋建筑建于1990年。 The documents were signed yesterday.文件昨天被签署了。 现在进行时 am/is/are being + 过去分词 A new bridge is being built across the river.河上正在建一座新桥。 The problem is being discussed now.这个问题正在被讨论。 过去进行时 was/were being + 过去分词 The road was being repaired when I passed by.我经过时，这条路正在被维修。 The patient was being examined at 9am.早上9点时病人正在接受检查。 现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 The report has been completed.报告已经完成了。 All the tickets have been sold out.所有票都已售罄。 过去完成时 had been + 过去分词 The work had been finished before he arrived.在他到达前工作就已经完成了。 The decision had been made before the meeting.会议前决定就已经做出了。 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 The results will be announced tomorrow.结果将于明天公布。 You will be notified when it's ready.准备好时你会被通知。 将来完成时 will have been + 过去分词 The project will have been completed by next month.这个项目到下个月就将完成了。 All applications will have been reviewed by Friday.所有申请到周五前都将被审阅完毕。 过去将来时 would be + 过去分词 He said the package would be delivered the next day.他说包裹将在第二天被递送。 We were told the meeting would be postponed.我们被告知会议将被推迟。 情态动词被动语态：情态动词(can, may, must等) + be + 过去分词 The rules must be obeyed. (规则必须被遵守) This medicine should be taken twice a day. (这种药应该每天服用两次) 四、被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或不必说明动作的执行者 My bike was stolen last night. 2. 强调动作的承受者 The new library will be opened next month. 3. 客观说明或正式文体 It is reported that the meeting has been postponed. 4. 避免提及动作执行者 Mistakes were made in the calculation. 五、特殊结构的被动语态 1. 双宾语动词变被动语态时，两个宾语均可作主语，形成两种被动结构： 间接宾语（人）作主语（更常见） 结构：人 + be + 过去分词 + 直接宾语 例句： ✅ I was given a book (by her). （我被给了一本书。） ✅ We were bought some cups (by him). （我们被讲了一个故事。） 直接宾语（物）作主语 结构：物 + be + 过去分词 + to/for + 间接宾语 例句： ✅ A book was given to me (by her). （一本书被给了我。） ✅ Some cups were bought for us (by him). （一个故事被讲给了我们。） 2.带宾语补足语的被动语态 主动：We elected him monitor. 被动：He was elected monitor. 注:如果是do（不带to的动词不定式）做宾补，宾语补足语变主语补足语时要用to do。 主动：I make him do the chore. 被动：He is made to do the chore. 主动：Someone helped him （to） steal the money. 被动:He was helped to steal the money. 3.短语动词的被动语态 主动：They will look after the children. 被动：The children will be looked after. 4."be going to"、"used to"、"have to"等结构的被动语态 The project is going to be completed next week. This machine used to be operated manually. 六、不能用于被动语态的情况 1.不及物动词和不及物短语动词 误：The accident was happened last night. 正：The accident happened last night. 2.表示状态的及物动词 have, own, possess, lack, suit, fit等 3.宾语是反身代词或相互代词时 She hurt herself. (不能变为被动) 知识点三：被动语态的特殊用法 1. 主动形式表示被动意义 　1)常见的这类动词有："act，add up，clean，compare，count，cook，draw，fill，iron，keep，let，look，make up，milk，kill，open，photograph，prove，read，sell，smoke，spoil"等。 　　The window won't open．(这扇窗户打不开。)    　　Damp wood will not fire．(湿木不易燃烧。) 　　She doesn't photograph well．(她不上相。) 　　His judgment proved wrong．(他的判断是错的。)     　　The banana peels easily．(香蕉皮剥起来很容易。)        　2)实用动词"need／want／deserve／require/be worth +V-ing(动名词)"形式表示被动意义。 　　My hair needs cutting． 　　The bike wants repairing． 　　The topic is worth discussing. 　　It doesn't deserve mentioning． 注：be worth doing=be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done The coat is worth buying. =The coat is worthy of being bought. =The coat is worthy to be bought. 　3)一些不定式的主动态表示被动意义：    　　①There be句型： 　　There are a lot of things to do． 　　There is nothing to worry about． 　　②不定式修饰want, have等动词的宾语，而句中的主语同时又不是不定式的逻辑主语时： 　　I want some clothes to wash． 　　Do you have anything to say for yourself? 　　③不定式修饰buy，get，give等动词的直接宾语，而句中的间接宾语又是不定式的逻辑主语时： 　　His sister gave him a bike to ride． 　　My father get me a book to read． 1. "It is+V-ed+that-··"结构表示被动 　　常用的这类结构有："it is said that…"(据说)；It is supposed that…(据推测)；It is well known that"…(众所周知)；It is believed that"…(据信)；It is reported that"…(据报导)；It is hoped that"…(人们希望)；It is generally considered that"…(有人认为)；1twill be seen that"…(由此可以看出)；It must be admitted that…(必须承认)；It must be pointed out that…(必须指出)"等。 　　It is believed／thought that this medicine works well． 　　It is required(of)him that he give the evidence．(要求我提供证据)  　　It is feared that he could not come here． 　　It is estimated that a flight to Shanghai would take more than one hour．    　 It is often realized that women held a high social position in the Southern European societies in the 10th and llth centuries． 3. "get + p.p.(动词的过去分词)"表示被动： 　　这种结构往往用来强调动作的结果，也可用来表示突然发生的事态，或最终出现的某种事实，是一种非正式语体。 　　Did the question get answered? 　　Thousands of soldiers got killed in the war． 　　As I passed by, my coat got caught on a nail． 5. sth./sb. is/was ＋形容词＋to do。/too……to…… The problem is hard to work out. English is easy to learn. The bag is too heavy to carry. 6. 固定短语 be to blame（应受责备；是责任所在）be to rent（可供出租） ✅ He is to blame for the accident. （他应该为这起事故负责。） ✅ This apartment is to rent at $1,500 per month.（这套公寓以每月 1,500 美元的价格出租。） ： 在下列句子中，不能使用"get + p.p. (动词的过去分词)"结构。 误：He got born in 1976． 正：He was born in 1976． 误：The stow got written by him． 正：The story Was written by him． 4. 注意以下被动语态的几种情况 1)短语动词变为被动语态后，其后的介词或副词应紧随其后。 　　Frank was brought up by his aunt． 　　The babies are well looked after． 　　The meeting Was put off． 　　2)"Verb+宾语+宾补"变为被动语态后，宾语转化为主语，宾补转化为主补。 　　The wall Was painted white．(We painted the wal1 white．) 　　He is regarded as smart (We regarded him as smart．)    　　The house was found empty．(We found the house empty．) 　　He Was heard to play the guitar in the next door． 　　(I heard him play the guitar in the next door) 1.I’m allowed to… 2.I’m not allowed to… 3.I/We should be allowed to… 4.I/We should not be allowed to… 巩固练习 一、用被动语态完成下列句子。 1.这孩子们必须要照顾好。 ______________________________________________. 2.这本书是鲁迅写的。 ______________________________________________. 3.这辆自行车能修吗？ ______________________________________________? 4.这首歌已经听了好几遍了。 ______________________________________________. 二、填空。 1.Farmers grow rice here. __________is grown here (by farmers). 2.I took him there. __________was taken there ( by me). 3.They used it in plays. It__________(by them) in plays 4. We must plant trees now. Trees ___________ (by us) now. 5.They use the key. The key is used (by_____). 6.He can make kites. Kites can be made (by ___). 知识点小结： 当堂检测 1、 单项选择。 1．Mum says that you can go out to play with your friends if your homework ．（　　） A．finishes B．will finish C．is finished D．will be finished 2．Would you like to play football with us tomorrow afternoon？ Not until my homework ____________．（　　） A．will finish B．will be finished C．finishes D．is finished 3．﹣﹣﹣Mom，is it OK for me to watch TV for a while？ ﹣﹣﹣Sorry．Why not watch TV after your homework ______________？（　　） A．completes B．completed C．has completed D．is completed 4．With the development of China， Chinese __by more and more people in the world．（　　） A．speak B．is speaking C．is spoken D．speaks 5．Our team lost! We__________by the other team．（　　） A．were beaten B．are beaten C．will be beaten D．beat 6．Since many of da Vinci's inventions were far ahead of their time， they _____ hundreds of years later．（　　） A．were tested B．was tested C．is tested D．will be tested 7．The students to clean the classroom after school every day．（　　） A．asked B．were asked C．are asked D．ask 8．The young student ________ guilty of changing information about grades in the school database．（　　） A．finds B．found C．be found D．was found 9．Jack told the librarian that the book _______as soon as he finished reading it．（　　） A．was returned B．would be returned C．has been returned D．will be returned 10．Because Li Ming didn't finish his homework， he ______ play soccer．（　　） A．wasn't allowed to B．allowed not to C．didn't allow to D．was allowed not to 11．Look! A big modern building _________ in our city．（　　） A．is built B．is being built C．has been built D．is building 12．﹣How long have Mr．and Mrs．Green ______？﹣For more than thirty years．（　　） A．married B．had married C．marry D．been married 13．﹣Have you got the airplane tickets？ ﹣No，because it's May Day，all the tickets to Beijing______out．（　　） A．have been sold B．had been sold C．bad sold D．were being sold 14．Alice in Wonderland ________ for 15days and many of us like the film very much．（　　） A．begins B．has begun C．began D．has been on 课堂总结 家庭作业 被动语态综合语法填空（初升高专项） 说明： 根据句意和语法规则，用所给动词的适当形式填空，注意时态和语态的正确使用。 1. The new library ________ (open) to the public next month. 2. A lot of food ________ (waste) every day around the world. 3. The windows ________ (clean) by the workers when I walked past. 4. This novel ________ (translate) into over 20 languages so far. 5. The missing dog ________ (find) by a kind stranger yesterday. 6. All the tickets for the concert ________ (sell) out before we arrived. 7. The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow afternoon. 8. The old house ________ (repair) for several months before it was sold. 9. The rules ________ (explain) to the students at the beginning of each term. 10. The letter ________ (send) to the wrong address last week. 11. The project ________ (complete) by the end of this year. 12. The children ________ (tell) an interesting story by their teacher now. 13. The bridge ________ (build) in 1980 and it still stands strong today. 14. The medicine ________ (take) three times a day after meals. 15. The news ________ (announce) on TV before we heard it from him. 16. The stolen painting ________ (recover) by the police last night. 17. The report ________ (finish) by the time the manager asked for it. 18. The classroom ________ (use) for the exam when we got there. 19. The instructions ________ (follow) carefully to avoid mistakes. 20. The movie ________ (show) in theaters next Friday. 附加挑战题（结合时态和语态变化） 21. By the time we arrived, all the food ________ (eat). 22. The documents ________ (sign) by the CEO before the deadline. 23. The patient ________ (examine) by the doctor for an hour when the nurse came in. 24. The results of the test ________ (not/release) until next Monday. 25. The ancient artifact ________ (display) in the museum for years before it was stolen. 基础题答案 1. will be opened（一般将来时被动） 2. is wasted（一般现在时被动） 3. were being cleaned（过去进行时被动） 4. has been translated（现在完成时被动） 5. was found（一般过去时被动） 6. had been sold（过去完成时被动） 7. will be discussed（一般将来时被动） 8. had been repaired（过去完成时被动） 9. are explained（一般现在时被动） 10. was sent（一般过去时被动） 11. will have been completed（将来完成时被动） 12. are being told（现在进行时被动） 13. was built（一般过去时被动） 14. should be taken（情态动词被动） 15. had been announced（过去完成时被动） 16. was recovered（一般过去时被动） 17. had been finished（过去完成时被动） 18. was being used（过去进行时被动） 19. must be followed（情态动词被动） 20. will be shown（一般将来时被动） 附加挑战题答案 21. had been eaten（过去完成时被动） 22. had been signed（过去完成时被动） 23. had been examined（过去完成进行时被动，较少用，可接受 was being examined） 24. will not be released（一般将来时被动） 25. had been displayed（过去完成时被动） 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$