Unit 4 Adversity and Courage Words and Expressions 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and Courage (words and expressions) adversity / d v :s ti/ n.困境;逆境 1.adverse adj.不利的,有害的,敌对的 2.近义词:dilemma n. 左右两难的窘境; 困境 3.in adversity 在困境/逆境中=in a dilemma 处于窘境,进退两难 4.meet with/encounter adversity 遇到逆境 5.adverse conditions 不利条件 6.adverse effect 不良反应 苦尽甘来.-莎士比亚 Sweet are the uses of adversity. -William Shakespeare 岁寒知松柏,逆境显美德。Adversity reveals virtue. It’s in that courage and inner strength are revealed. 克服逆境 overcome the . adversity adversity wage [we d ] n.工资 5.high/good wages 高薪 6.low/small wages 低薪 7.offer/pay/raise a wage 提供/支付/上调工资 辨析:1. wage 通常指按周领取的工资、工钱; 2. income 指收入、收益、所得; 3. pay 指工资、薪水; 4. salary 通常指按月发放的薪水、薪金 bitter [ b t (r)] adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 3.a bitter experience 痛苦的经历 4.bitter cold 严寒 5. bitter tears 苦涩的泪 6. Good medicine is bitter in the mouth 良药苦口。 1.bitterly adv.痛苦地 2.bitterness n. 苦味,悲痛 Tom trembled in the _ (刺骨寒风). Without your generous assistance, I couldn’t have gone through _ (那段痛苦的时光). ③ It's been cold here in Moscow. bitter wind the bitter period bitterly expedition [ eksp d n] n.探险;远征;探险队 2.join / take part in / send / lead an expedition 派遣、率领、参加一支探险队 1.expedite v.加快;加速 go on an to the Antarctic During the , what deeply impressed all of us was his endurance and perseverance. expedition expedition endurance [ n dj r ns] n.忍耐力;耐久力 5. endure sth./sb. 忍受某物/某人 6. beyond endurance 忍无可忍 7. endure doing sth 忍耐做某事 1.endure v.忍耐;持续 2.enduring adj.持久的 3.endurable adj.可忍受的 4.unendurable adj无法忍受的 The noise from the construction site was (drive) the residents crazy. The team a lot of pressure during the competition. unendurable endured Endure 强调长期忍耐困难或痛苦。 Tolerate 强调容忍不喜欢或不认同的事物。 Bear 强调承受情感或责任上的压力。 尽管面临着重重困难,她凭借非凡的忍耐力成功地忍受了这一切,证明了她的精神力量是无比可忍受的. Despite facing numerous difficulties, she successfully endured them with extraordinary endurance, demonstrating that her mental strength is truly endurable. vigour [ v (r)] n.精力;力量;活力 be full of vigor/energy 充满活力 1.vigourous adj. 精力充沛的 =energetic turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) 1.turn down/up 降低(调高) 2.turn to sb./sth.求助于某人,转向某物 3.turn in 上交 4.turn on/off 打开/关闭按键 5.sb./sth. turn out (to be)原来是 近:reject /refuse/decline 1. Turning the car _, he headed home. 2. It was late afternoon _ we finally decided it was time to turn _. around when/that back 3. If you turn _ Page 40, you will find it. 4. While in trouble, you can turn _ her for help. 5. He didn’t turn _ at the meeting until half past ten. 6. Your father is working, so please turn _ the TV a little. 7. Now you must turn _ your radio and go to bed at once. off to up down to She turned her car round and drove off in the opposite direction. qualified [ kw l fa d] adj.符合资格;具备……的知识 4.be qualified for... 可胜任…… 5.be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事 6.have (no) qualifications for (doing) ... (没)有(做)……的资格 7.have (no) qualifications to do (没)有(做)……的资格 8.qualify sb. to do 使某人有资格做 1.qualify vt. 符合资格 2.qualification n.资格,资历 3.quality n.质量 (1)All the colleagues consider him to be a very _ (qualify) teacher in this school. (2)Many people think Mr Li is quite qualified _ (be) headmaster of this school. (3)She graduated from a university and I think she is qualified _ this position. (4)Mrs Wang has taken a certificate and she qualifies _ a bus driver. (5)His wife has the _ (qualify) for lawyer, but she is now working in a company. qualified to be for as qualifications enthusiastic [ n ju zi st k] adj.热情的;热心的 4.be enthusiastic about (doing sth.) 对(做某事)热情/感兴趣 5.enthusiasm for (doing) sth. 对(做)某事热情 1.enthusiastically adv.热情地 2.enthusiasm n.热情 3.enthusiast n.爱好者 4.passion n.激情,热情 5.passionate adj.狂热的 (1)With the help of an (enthusiastic),I had no difficulty finding his home. (2)I’m sure the magazine will appeal to you,for you’ve been enthusiastic sports. (4)He’s always been very enthusiastic _ sports. (5)Today, I am just as _ (enthusiasm) about my job as the day I first started. (6)Every day, she works _ (enthusiastic). about enthusiastic enthusiastically enthusiast about aboard / b d/ adv.&prep.上(船/飞机等) 1.形近: abroad [ br d] adv. 到国外; 去国外; 在国外 broad board [b d]: n. 板子; 地板; 董事会 3. aboard=on board 4.be aboard the plane/ship 在飞机/船上 5.go abroad 出国 6.at home and abroad 国内外 The children were all _ the school bus. The passengers are _ the train. The company's _ of directors is meeting today. Many students go _ to study. The _ avenue was crowded with people. He has a _ knowledge of history. aboard boarding board broad abroad broad assign [ sa n] vt.分派;布置;分配 2.assign sb. sth. = assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物 3.assign sb. to sth. 指派某人(做)某一项工作 4.assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事 5.assign sb. as + 职务. 指派某人担任某职务 1.assignment n.分配,任务 (1)The task _ (assign), dangerous or otherwise, must be finished as scheduled. (2)The reporter was assigned _(cover) the news. (3) He has just come off a difficult _(assign). (4)The teacher has _ (assign) each of us a holiday task since two days ago. assigned to cover assignment assigned (5)The teacher assigned a different task each of the children. (6)You need to complete three (assign) each week. to assignments steward / stju: d/ n.(轮船/飞机/火车)乘务员 1.stewardess [ stju des]: n.女乘务员; 女服务员 2.servant [ s v nt]: n. 仆人; 佣人; 公务员; 3.passenger [ p s nd ]:n. 乘客; 旅客 4.crew n.(集体名词)(轮船、飞机等上面的) 全体工作人员 5.flight attendant 空乘人员 envy [ envi] n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌 3. envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某事 4. envy sb. doing sth. 羡慕某人做某事 5. be envious of 羡慕 6. be green with envy 羡慕极了 6.七宗罪:anger嗔/pride傲/greed贪心/gluttony贪吃/sloth懒散/envy嫉妒/lust欲 1.envious adj. 嫉妒的 2.enviously adj. 嫉妒地 1) I envied him _ (be) enthusiastic and full of energy. It seemed that he never felt exhausted. 2) I am envious _ you, because you are leading such a cosy and decent life. 3) Not only is Jim fluent in English but also has much perseverance, so he _ (envy) by the whole class. being of is envied crush [kr ] vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群 1.crushing adj.毁坏性的 2.crushed adj.被压碎的 3.crash [kr ]: v./n. 坠毁; 猛撞; 碰撞; 撞击 3.a crushing defeat 一次惨败 6.a crushing blow一次沉重的打击 7.crushed peanuts花生碎 get/be crushed by 被……挤压 8.have a crush on sb.(短暂的)迷恋某人(不熟识的人) The car was completely _ (crush) by the truck. I couldn’t find a way through the _. He is sinking because she has a crush on others. crushed crush sink [s k] vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 n.洗碗池 1.sink into the sea/anger 陷入,沉入 2.be sunk/lost in thought 陷入沉思中 3.sb's heart sinks 某人心沉了下去(指心情沮丧) 4.a sinking feeling 不详的感觉,沮丧之情 (sank/sunk - sunk) 1) The Titanic was a passenger ship which _ (sink) into the bottom of the ocean in 1912. 2) Tom let out a sigh and _ (sink) into the chair. 3) She just sat there, sunk _ thought. sank sank in abandon [ b nd n] vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 n. 放任;放纵 4.be abandoned to (doing) sth.= abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 沉溺于 6.abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 7.with abandon 放纵地 1.近:desert/give up 2.abandoned adj.被遗弃的;放纵的;废弃的 3.abandonment n.离弃;遗弃 1) As far as I know, they have abandoned _ (carry) out the plan for lack of money. 2) The kind woman decided to take care of the cats _ (abandon) by their owners. 3) Tom abandoned himself to _ (play) computer games and I resolved to help him. 4) Although he was the last one _ (reach) the finish line, the other children cheered _ abandon, not for the result but for his strong perseverance. carrying abandoned playing to reach with belongings [b l z] n. [pl.]财物;动产 2.belong to 属于(无被动) 3.personal belongings 个人财物 4.a sense of belonging 归属感 同类表达: savings 积蓄/ earnings 工资/leavings 剩饭/surroundings 环境/remains 剩余物,残留物,遗迹,遗体 1.belong vi.属于 1. When he joined the club, he felt a sense of (belong). 2. Some of the stamps belong me, while the rest are his and hers. 3. The old house (belong) to my grandfather is still in good condition. 4. China is a country _ (belong) to the third world. 5. That red car belongs _ Miss Li. belonging to belonging belonging to miserable / m zr bl/ adj.痛苦的;令人难受的 1.miserably adv. 痛苦地; 悲惨地 2.misery n.痛苦;悲惨 voyage / v d / n.&vi.航海;航行 sail v. 航行 n. 帆 sailing n. 航行 _ n. 水手 sailor navy / ne vi/ n.海军;海军部队 1.navigate v.导航 2.navigation n.导航;航行 3.join the navy 参加海军 decent food / meal decent job / salary / place to live decent citizens/people That dress isn't decent. 不错的 像样的 正派的或守规矩 雅观的 decent / di:snt/ adj.相当不错的;正派的 indecent adj. 不礼貌的, 低俗的 cosy /'k z / adj.温馨的;舒适的 1.cosily adv.舒适地(cozily) 2.cosiness n.舒适;安逸 (coziness) selfish / self / adj.自私的 1.selfishly adv.自私地;任性地 2.selfishness n.自私 3.selfless adj. 无私的 4.selflessly adv. 无私地 3.selflessness n.无私 good-tempered /g d 'temp d/ adj.脾气好的 bad-tempered /b d 'temp d/ adj.脾气坏的 genuine / d enju n/ adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 1. genius n. 天才 2. genuinely adv.真诚地 3. 近:sincerely/honestly 4.a genuine person 诚实可信的人 5.genuine concern for others 对他人真诚的关心 perseverance [ p s v r ns] n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 3.persevere in/ with sth. 锲而不舍做...... 4.persevere in (doing) sth. 坚持(做)... 5.with perseverance = perseverantly adv. 坚持不懈地 6. show great perseverance in the face of adversities 面对逆境表现出极大毅力 1.persevere = persist vi. 坚持;孜孜以求 2.perseverant / persevering adj.锲而不舍的 1. Despite facing numerous setbacks (挫折), the scientist persevered _ his research on cancer treatment. 2. Her _ (persevere) in the face of adversity is an inspiration to us all. 3. She her violin lessons. in perseverance perseved with resolution [ rez lu n] n.决议;解决;坚定 4.resolve sth. 解决某事 5.resolve to do sth. 决心做某事 = resolve on doing sth 决定做某事 6.strengthen one’s resolve 坚定决心 1.resolve vi. &vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念 2.resolute adj.坚决的;果断的 resolved adj.有决心的 3.dissolve v 溶解,分解(dis分开+solve=松开分散=溶解) (1)They made a firm resolve _ (set) up a company of their own to realize their dream. (2)Mike resolved _ (run) for the mayor of their city. (3)He has already resolved on _ (ask) Mary for marriage. (4)They haven’t found a proper _ (resolve) to that problem. to set to run asking resolution cruel /kru: l/ adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的 3.be cruel to sb. 对某人残酷 4. It is cruel to do sth. 做某事是残忍的 1.cruelty n.残忍,残酷,不公 2.cruelly adv.残酷地 Douglas was often tormented by jealous siblings. It’s extremely to perform an experiment on live animals. His life has been shattered by an event not of his own making. cruelly cruel cruelly cruel /kru: l/ adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的 3.be cruel to sb. 对某人残酷 1.cruelty n.残忍,残酷,不公 2.cruelly adv.残酷地 thorough / r / adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的 thoroughly adv.彻底地; 完全地 thoroughness n.彻底性;完全 through adv. _ go through the bitter period though conj. _ 同: although thought n. _ 通过, 穿过 尽管 想法 furniture / f :n t (r)/ n.家具 1.furnish vt.为……配备家具;提供 2.furnished adj.配备家具的 3.be furnished/equipped with… 配备有…… 4.a piece / an item of furniture 一件家具 5.a set of furniture 一套家具 1. The company will furnish the office space _ all the necessary equipment. 2. The store offers a wide variety of sets of , ranging from traditional to contemporary styles. with furniture fortunately [ f t n tli] adv.幸运地 7.make a fortune 发财,赚钱 8.seek/try one's fortune 碰运气 1.fortune n.运气,财富 2.fortunate adj. 幸运的 3.fortunately adv.幸运地 4.misfortune n.不幸 5.unfortunate adj. 不幸的 6.unfortunately adv. 不幸地 单句语法填空 (1)_(fortunate),after six years’ hard work,he founded his own company. (2)_(unfortunate),his father died, leaving the whole family even poorer. (3)He felt _(fortune) that the interviewer spoke highly of him during the interview. (4)I was fortunate _(enjoy) such attractive scenery in your hometown. (5)Central London is fortunate _ having so many large parks and open spaces. (6)I _(非常幸运地遇到了教授)who appreciated my paintings very much. Fortunately Unfortunately fortunate to enjoy in was fortunate enough to meet the professor damp /d mp/ adj.潮湿的;湿气重的 1.dampness n.潮湿 2.dampen v.弄湿 recreation n. 娱乐;消遣;游戏 (1)recreation n. 娱乐,消遣(不可数);娱乐活动(可数) (2)recreational adj. 娱乐的;消遣的 单句语法填空 (1)The town and its environment are inviting, with _ (recreation) attractions and art museums. (2)There are all kinds of _ (recreation) in our school when school is over. recreational recreations guidance [ a dns] n.指导;引导;导航 2. tour guid 导游 3.under the guidance of... 在...的指引下 4.under sb.’s guidance 在某人的指导下 1.guide vt. 指导,影响(某人的行为);指导 n. 指南,手册,向导 guiding adj. 给予指导的 recreation n. 娱乐, 消遣 _ adj. 娱乐的 improve facilities for sport and recreation Some films combine recreational functions with abundant _ (education n. 教育) functions. recreational educational 改善体育娱乐设施 guidance n. 指导 _ v. 指导 n. 指南, 导游 (tour guide) guiding adj. 给予指导的 guide 1. (25年全国卷一) “...You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘_ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei. 2. With/Under the _ (guide) of advisor, Susan has grasped some basic knowledge about finance. 3. _ (guide) by the local farmer, we found the old house easily. guidance guidance Guided nephew n. 侄子, 外甥 _ n. 侄女 niece advertise v. 宣传, 做广告 _ n. 广告活动 _ n. 广告 advertising advertisement corporate adj. 公司的, 法人的 _ n. 公司 corporation 形近: cooperate v. _ _ n. _ adj. 合作的 合作, 协作 cooperation cooperative rough adj. 粗略的, 粗糙的, 汹涌的, 高低不平的, 艰难的 _ adv. 1) He nipped(捏) Billy’s cheek with two rough fingers. 2) Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground. 3) We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required. 4) The first year was rough / _ , but things have gotten better. 5) The Atlantic Ocean has personalities: sometimes peaceful and pleasant, on rare occasions rough and wild. roughly tough loyal adj. 忠诚的, 忠实的 (be loyal to ...) _ n. 忠诚 loyalty 同: approximately royal adj. 王室的 motor / m t (r)/ n.发动机;马达 adj.有引擎的 1.motor vehicles 机动车 motorbike = motorcycle 摩托车 mot词根 词根 词缀 单词 派生词 mot _ -or motor (n 发动机) / -tion motion motionless pro (向前) _ promotion -ive motive (n 动机) _ (v) _ (n) motivated re- remote / e- (外 out); -ion emotion emotional 动;移动 promote motivate motivation 55 candidate / k nd d t/ n.候选人;应试者 make fire /me k fa (r)/ 生火 1.be on fire 着火了 2.catch fire 着火 3.set sth. on fire=set fire to sth. 放火;放火烧某物 4.play with fire 玩火;冒险 5.put out a fire 灭火 1) To scare the wild animals away, we _ (make) fire when the night fell. 2) The kitchen caught fire when the cook left the pan unattended. 3) He was arrested for setting fire to the neighbor’s warehouse. 4) The firefighters quickly put out the fire before it could spread. 5) You are playing with fire by investing all your money in that risky project. made give off /g v f/ 放出(热/光/气味/气体) 1.give in to sb. 向某人投降/屈服/让步 2.give out 分配;分发;用光;筋疲力尽 3.give up 放弃;认输 4.give in 屈服;投降;让步;上交 5.give away 泄露;赠送 1. When rubbish is burned, it will give _ large quantities of carbon dioxide. 2. Be careful not to give _ personal information like your ID number. 3. The argument went on for hours because neither side would give _. 4. There were people at the entrance giving _ leaflets. 5. My father decided to give _ smoking because it did a lot of harm to his health. off away in out up commitment [k m tm nt] n.承诺;保证;奉献 4.commit a crime/suicide/murder 犯罪/自杀/谋杀 5.commit oneself to doing sth. 承诺;保证做某事 6.be committed to doing sth. 致力于/全心全意地投入去做某事 7.make a commitment to... 对……作出承诺 8.make a commitment to do sth. 承诺/许诺做某事 1.commit vt. 犯罪,承诺 2.committed adj.忠诚的 3.commitment n. 承诺 The company’s commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success. I was impressed by the energy and commitment shown by the players. Achieving success at this level requires a commitment of time and energy. n. 承诺 n. 奉献 n. 投入 1. As for my major, I will choose Medicine, which, I know, is a long-term _ (commit) and a decision that shouldn’t be taken lightly. 2. Jack was a good man who _ (commit) to his family as well as to his work. 3. The Canadian government is committed to _ (advance) the equality in the use of English and French. commitment was committed advancing motive / m t v/ n.动机;原因;目的 1.motivate v. 使有动机;激发积极性;刺激 2.motivation n.动力,诱因;积极性 3.motiveless adj. 无动机的 3.a motive for (doing) sth. 做某事的动机 4.motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 Confucianism n. 孔子学说 Confucian adj. 孔子的, 儒家的 Confucius n. 孔子 Confucius Institute 孔子学院 1. bitter adj. 严寒的,激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 adv. 痛苦地;愤恨地;极其 2. endurance n. 忍耐力;耐久力 _ vt. 忍耐 3. qualified adj. 符合资格;具备…的知识 _vt.使具有资格;证明…合格 vi.取得资格;有资格 _ n. 资格;资历;学历 satisfy satisfied 4. enthusiastic adj. 热情的,热心的 _ adv. 热心地;狂热地 _n. [U]热情;热爱的事物 with enthusiasm 热情地 5. assign vt.分派; 布置;分配 _ n.分配的工作、任务 6. envy vt. 羡慕,妒忌 _adj. 羡慕的; 嫉妒的 7. belongings n. 财物;财产 _ v. 属于 8. selfish adj. 自私的 _ adj.无私的 9. persevere vi. 坚持;孜孜以求 _ n .毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 qualify qualification enthusiastically enthusiasm bitterly endure assignment belong envious perseverance 10. resolve vt.&vi.决定;决心;解决 _n. 决心;坚定的信念 11. cruel adj. 残忍的;残酷的 _ n. 残酷 12. thorough adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的 _ adv.深入地;彻底地 13. fortune n. 机会;运气;财富 _adj. 幸运的 _adv. 幸运地 _adv. 不幸地 14. guidance n. 指导;引导;导航 _ vt. 指导;引导 15. advertising n. 广告活动;广告业 _ v. 宣传;做广告 16. loyal adj. 忠诚的;忠实的 _ n.忠诚;忠实 17. commitment n. 承诺;保证;奉献 _vt. 承诺;保证 _adj.尽心尽力的;坚定的 18. motive n. 动机;原因;目的 _ n.动机 resolution cruelty thoroughly fortunately fortunate unfortunately guide advertise loyalty commit motivation committed Discover useful structures The present perfect continuous tense 现在完成进行 64 现在完成进行 常用的时间状语 2 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别 3 4 用法 1 结构 65 01 现在完成进行时的用法 66 翻译以下句子,补全方框下的小题。 1) ...this is the adventure that I have been dreaming of. 2) We are now camped on the ice and we have been managing to survive... 3) We have been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense 基本含义:表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在,可能刚刚停 止,也可能仍在继续。 基本结构:“have / has been + 现在分词” Present Past Future Basic forms 现在完成进行时的结构 肯定式:have/has been doing 否定式:have/has + not + been doing 一般疑问式:Have/Has + 主语 + been doing...? 特殊疑问式:疑问词+一般疑问式 现在完成进行时的用法 1. 表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作,强调动作不间断。 1) How long have you been learning English? 你学习英语多久了? 2) Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours. 汤姆玩网游已经超过二十个小时了。 3) I've been writing letters all this morning. 整个上午,我一直在写信。 4) Tom has been painting the wall for three hours. 汤姆刷墙刷了三个小时。 2. 表示到目前为止的一段时间内重复进行的活动 1) The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years. 这个老人修汽车修了三十年了。 2) Jack has been practising Tai Chi for more than a year. 杰克练太极一年多了。 3) He has been saying for a year that he will study abroad. 整整一年他都在说要出国学习。 4) Alice has been looking for a job for three months. 三个月来,爱丽丝一直在找工作。 1) His eyes are red. He has been working too hard recently. 他的眼睛红了,准是他最近工作太辛苦了。 2) —I have got a headache. — No wonder. You have been working in front of that computer too long. 我头痛。不足为奇。你在那台电脑前工作太久了。 3. 表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论 4. 表达某种感情色彩(喜欢或厌恶) We've been looking forward to our summer vacation. 我们一直盼望着暑假。 常用时间状语 现在完成进行时: all the time, this week/morning, all night, these few days, over the past xx years , for…, since…等。 现在完成时: already, ever, yet, for…, since…, over the past xx years They have already built an overpass over the Renmin Road. They have been building an overpass over the Renmin Road these days. 02 现在完成进行时与 现在完成时的区别 73 【相同点】 表示延续性,且都有延续性的时间状语时,两者用法差不多。现在完成进行时更强烈暗示动作或状态的延续,完成时表示动作可能延续。 I have been teaching for two years. 我教了两年书。(未来持续) I have taught for two years. 我教了两年书。(可能延续) 1. 现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。 1) Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗? 2) Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗? 1) I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。(可能表示不满) 2) I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。(说明一个事实) 2. 现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩,而现在完成时平铺直叙,不带感情色彩。 1) Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃橘子呀?(强调动作:一直在吃) 2) Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把橘子吃了?(强调吃得一个不剩) 3. 现在完成进行时强调动作,而现在完成时强调结果。 ① 表示感官、感觉:see, hear, smell 等; ② 表示爱憎:love, prefer, mind 等; ③ 表示希望、意愿:wish, want, desire 等; ④ 表示相信、猜想:believe, think, suppose 等; 5. 以下几类动词不能用于现在完成进行时: 4. 与一段时间连用时可以用现在完成时也可以用现在完成进行时;但与次数连用时只能用现在完成时。1) He has rung me up five times since 12 o' clock. 从十二点后,他已经给我打了五次电话。 2) I have read this book twice. 这本书我读过两次。 03 巩固练习 78 1. She (recite) the words all the evening. 2. I (tell) her many times, but she still makes the same mistake. 3. He (wait) for you for a whole day. 4. She is the most beautiful girl I (see). 5. It is the first time that she (read) such an interesting book. 6. You (sit) at the computer all day. You must be tired. I. Complete the sentences. has been reciting have told has been waiting have (ever) seen has read have been sitting 7. The two friends (chat) on the Internet for three hours. 8. The manager (tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. 9. It (rain) every day this month. 10. I (drink) five cups of coffee this afternoon. 11. We (已经打扫了房屋) . You may come in now. 12. Since that unfortunate accident last week, I (一直睡得不好) . have been chatting has been telling has been raining have drunk have cleaned the house haven't been sleeping well Section Writing—Write an essay about a story 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 went aboard the ship named Endurance became stuck in the ice After they had abandoned the ship 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 in spite of so many difficulties their endurance and perseverance in the face of difficulties have learned an important lesson from 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 返回目录 英语 选择性必修 第三册 Thank You 本单元的写作任务是根据本单元的故事写一篇短评,属于文学评论。文学评论是一种以作家、作品、文学创作等作为评论对象的理论文体。文学评论的作者旨在表达自己对文学作品的理解和认识,对文学作品作出评析,启发和帮助读者提高阅读水平。 跟课文学写作范式 (一)课文范式提炼 (二)常用范式推荐 文学评论通常包括对所读故事、小说等的总结、个人感想和结论三部分。故事、小说的总结包括背景(setting),情节(plot)和人物角色(character)等。个人感想就是自己的看法,结论就是从说明原文给人什么启示的角度提出看法,总结全文。感想表述要明确、清晰、严密;感想的提炼与表述宜在首尾段加以突出。写作时要注意点面结合以及观点与材料的统一。在所给原文的基础上去发表议论,由此及彼地联系现实生活中相似或相反的现象,联系相关的问题。 写作时需要注意以下几点: 1.确定文体:这是一篇短评,写作中应注意短评的常规格式。 2.主体时态:文章应以一般过去时为主。 3.主体人称:人称应以第三人称为主。 (一)输入好词 1.under one's guidance 在某人的指导下 2.ahead of 在……前面 3.cheer…up 使……振作起来 4.fall into 陷入…… 5.have/take a positive attitude to life 以积极的态度对待生活 6.in favour of 支持;赞成 7.enjoy/fancy doing sth 喜爱做某事 8.go in for 参加,爱好 9.have a taste for 对……有兴趣 10.have a preference/fancy for 喜爱 (二)输入好句 .常用开头句 1.The story/novel/plot describes/tells that… 这个故事/小说/情节描述/告诉了…… 2.The story/novel is well worth reading.I really enjoy… 这个故事/小说很值得一看。我真的很喜欢…… 3.One interesting anecdote contained in the story/novel is that… 故事/小说中提到的一件趣事是…… .常用中间句 4.Unfortunately, they were stuck in the… 不幸的是,他们被困在…… 5.They were very brave in face of… 在……面前,他们非常勇敢。 6.They never gave up and… 他们从不放弃,而且…… 7.Later, they managed to do… 后来,他们设法成功地做到了…… 8.He/She is such a learned/strong-willed person that we all admire/respect him/her. 他/她是一个如此博学/意志坚强的人,以至于我们都很钦佩/尊敬他/她。 9.He/She devoted all his/her life to… 他/她把毕生都致力于…… 10.He/She made great contributions to… 他/她对……作出了巨大贡献。 11.He/She was highly thought of by… 他/她受到……的高度评价。 .常用结束句 12.What an amazing story/novel it is! 多么令人惊奇的故事/小说啊! 13.From this story, we learned that… 从这个故事中,我们了解到…… 14.All of us were moved by the great hero. 我们都被这位伟大的英雄所感动。 15.The best lesson I've learnt from…is that… 我从……中学到的最好的教训是…… 【写作要求】 请根据以下要点写一篇80词左右的英语故事评论。 1.沙克尔顿,英国著名探险家,和船员一起开始伟大的探险。途中被冰山困住了,大家弃船后逃到了象岛上。而沙克尔顿驾船去寻求帮助。岛上的生活非常艰苦,但是大家凭着坚韧的毅力以及对沙克尔顿的信任活了下来; 2.在这个故事里,船员之间真诚的关心以及沙克尔顿的乐观、坚韧都非常令人感动; 3.从这个故事中我们可以学到一个道理:无论遇到任何困难,都不要放弃! 【四步成文】 第一步:审题谋篇 第二步:由词扩句 1.伟大的沙克尔顿和船员登上了“坚忍号”轮船。 The great Shackleton and his crew _ _. 2.不幸的是,在途中船被冰困住,掉进了海洋中。 Unfortunately, on the way the ship _ _, sinking into the ocean. 3.弃船之后,他们逃到了象岛上。 _, they escaped to Elephant Island. 4.尽管遇到很多困难,他们最后还是活了下来。 In the end they were able to survive _ _. 5.我被他们面对困难时的坚忍和毅力激励着。 I'm inspired by _ _. 6.我从这个激励人的故事中学到了重要的道理。 I _ the inspiring story. 第三步:句式升级 用非谓语动词改写第二步中的句3。 _ Having abandoned the ship, they escaped to Elephant Island. 第四步:连句成篇 One possible version: Let me introduce an interesting story about a great expedition. The great Shachkleton and his crew went aboard the ship named Endurance.Unfortunately, on the way the ship became stuck in the ice, sinking into the ocean.Having abandoned the ship, they escaped to Elephant Island. Shackleton was so brave that he left them to look for help by himself.In the end they were able to survive in spite of so many difficulties. I'm deeply moved by the concern and love between them and I'm also inspired by their endurance and perseverance in the face of difficulties.In a word, I have learned an important lesson from the inspiring story—whatever happens, never give up. 根据下面的提示写一篇故事评论。 1.你读了小说《简 爱》,想与大家分享一下; 2.从小变成孤儿的英国女子简 爱(Jane Eyre)在各种磨难中不断追求自由与尊严,她是富人罗切斯特(Rochester)家的家庭教师,最终她与罗切斯特结婚并获得了幸福。小说展示了男女主人公曲折起伏的爱情经历,成功塑造了一个敢于争取自由和平等地位的妇女形象; 3.你从这个故事中学到了很多…… 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 One possible version: Let me introduce an interesting novel—Jane Eyre.Jane Eyre is an orphan.When she grows up, she becomes a teacher in a rich person's house.Later, she falls in love with her employer Rochester.Jane Eyre is so ordinary, but she is so independent and never looks down upon herself.What's more, she has been fighting for her freedom and equality.In a word, she is the most attractive character of this story. I'm deeply moved.I have learned an important lesson from it.That is, whatever happens, always be an independent woman and never give up. $$