Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle Words and Expressions 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle drug abuse 嗜毒 child abuse 虐童 verbal abuse 言语辱骂 1. abuse /əˈbju:s/ n.滥用;虐待;辱骂 abuse /əˈbju:s/ vt. 滥用;虐待;辱骂 abuse one’s power/ privilege/ position 滥用权力/ 特权/ 职权 abuse one’s trust 辜负了某人的信任 abuse alcohol 酗酒 Child abuse is not allowed in our country. 在我们国家是不允许虐待孩子的。 完成句子 ①I cannot ____________________. 我不能辜负他们的信任。 ②Don't _____________________. 不要辱骂你的朋友。 ③They were accused of ______________________ to raise prices. 他们被指控滥用权力来抬高价格。 abuse their trust abuse your friends abusing their power 2. physical /ˈfɪzɪkl/ adj. 身体的;客观存在的 →____________ adv.根本上；身体上 →________ n．物理学 →___________ n．物理学家 →___________ n．内科医生 physically physics physicist physician physical and mental health 身心健康 keep/ maintain healthy mentally and physically 保持身心健康 Physical exercise is essential for maintaining healthy mentally and physically . 体育锻炼对于保持身心健康至关重要。 7. psychology /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 心理学；心理；心理影响 →______________ adj. 心理的; 心理学的 →______________ n. 心理学家 psychological psychologist 5. dominate  /ˈdɒmɪneɪt/ vt.&vi. 支配;控制;占优势 →_____________ n．控制；支配 →_____________ adj．占优势的，占支配地位的 domination dominate the passions 控制感情 dominate the situation 左右形势 She completely dominates her family and makes all the decisions. 她家里的事完全由她作主， 大事小事都是她说了算。 dominant 6. repeatedly    /rɪ'pi:tɪdlɪ/ adv. 重复地 →__________ n．重复；反复 v.重复；复述 →__________ n．重复；反复；循环 →__________ adj.重复的 →__________ adv.重复地；再三地 repetition repeated repeatedly repeat 用repeat的适当形式填空 (1) The boy has committed the same mistake ________ and should be punished. (2) The students asked the teacher ________ what he had said in class. (3) The man’s ________ warnings made many of my friends unhappy. (4) No historical phenomenon is a mere ________ of the past. repeatedly to repeat repeated repetition 8. cue /kju:/ n. 提示；暗示；信号 vt. 给(某人)暗示(或提示) =imply =indicate a cue for/ to do sth. ...的暗示/信号 time cue 时间线索 9. in response to 回答;答复 → response n. 回答 答复 make a/no response (to ...) (对……)做出/不做反应 make a positive/ negative response 做出积极、消极反应 → respond v. 回答，作出反应 respond to 对…做出反应 eg: In response to the residents’ great demand, the initiative will be launched in our community. 10. reward   n. 回报;奖励;报酬 v.给......以报酬 as a reward for　   作为对…的报酬/奖赏 in reward (for)        作为对…的回报（侧重回报的原因） reward sb for sth 因某事奖励某人 reward sb with sth 用某物回报某人 be rewarded with    得到回报；被报以(某事物) reward sb. with ...for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而用…酬谢某人 →___________adj.有益的,值得的;有报酬的,报答的   rewarding　 A day’s work was 　　　　　(reward) with 5 dollars in pocket money. I will reward you 　　　　　an electric bike 　　　　helping me get rid of tobacco abuse.  =I will offer you an electric bike in reward 　　　　　helping me get rid of tobacco abuse.  with for　　 with　 rewarded　 11. rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ vi. 依赖;依靠;信赖 →__________ n．依赖;依靠;信赖 →__________ n．可靠性 →__________ adj. 可靠的，可信赖的 →__________ adv. 可靠地 reliance reliability reliable reliably rely vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖 rely on/upon =depend on= count on 依靠 ① rely on sb./sth. 依靠/指望某人/某物 ② rely on sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事 ③ rely on sb./sb.'s doing sth. 指望/相信某人做某 rely on it that从句 指望/相信…… 1. You can rely on me _________ (keep) your secret. 2. Our success relies totally on ________ (devote) our personal efforts. to keep devoting ④ 7. facilitate vt. 促进;促使;使便利 facilitation n. 便利；促进；简化 facility n. 设施，设备；天赋，才能 facilitator n. 服务商，促进者 sports facilities 体育设施 1. We welcome them and will provide all possible (facilitate) and assistance. 2. There is no doubt that he is the best (facilitate)． facilitation facilitator 8. examine vt. 检查；考试；调查；测验 examination n. [c] 检查；考试；调查；测验 examinee n. [c] 应试者 examiner n. [c] 主考官 check 侧重于进行核查；核对 test 侧重于以某种手段来看看是否达到标准 The officer __________ her passport and stamped it. (examine) The plans will ___________ by experts from the university. (examine) examined be examined 9. pessimistic adj. 悲观的；悲观主义的 (1) be pessimistic about …对……很悲观 (2) pessimistically adv. 悲观地 (3) pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义 (4) pessimist n. 悲观主义者 (5) optimistic adj. 乐观的 optimistically adv. 乐观地 optimism n. 乐观主义 optimist n. 乐观主义者 10. consultant n. 顾问；高级顾问医师 consult v. 咨询， 请教；商议，商量；查阅 consult sb. about/on sth. 就某事与某人协商/咨询 consult a dictionary 查阅词典 1. Now you had better consult with a physician. 2. If you have any trouble in your work, you can consult this book. 单句语法填空 (1) You can consult Mr. Wu your health because he is a well-known doctor. (2) We invite Dr. Li as our (consult) in the next five years. (3) You can turn to Mr. Green for ____________ (consult) if you want to solve this problem. about/on consultant consultation 12.decide on /dɪˈsaɪd ɒn/ 决定;选定 decide upon　　　　　　　　决定；选定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 Policymakers then have to 　　　　　　how they might achieve their goal. 然后，政策制定者必须决定他们该怎样实现目标。 I need more feedback to　　　 　　　 future development. 我需要更多的反馈来确定以后的发展。 decide on decide on make up one's mind to do sth. 下定决心 change one's mind       改变主意 lose one's mind          失去理智 bear/keep ... in mind     记住…… read one's mind         看出某人的心思 ① After graduation from college, they made up their minds to go and settle in the countryside. � His father is a very stubborn person. Once he decides to do something, you can never　　　　            　　． 他父亲是个很固执的人。一旦他决定做什么事，你就不能让他改变主意。 ③ Please　　　 　　      　that time will change everything. change his mind bear/keep in mind 22 13. compose /kəmˈpəʊz/ vt.&vi. 组成;作曲;撰写 be composed of 由…组成(或构成)的 = be comprised of = be made up of = consist of eg: The exhibition, _____________________ three parts, attracts people from all over the world.这个展览由三个部分组成，吸引了来自世界各地的人们。 which is composed of →__________ n．作曲家 →________________ n．作品，作曲，作文 composer composition 14. disturb   /dɪˈstɜ:b/ vt. 打扰;搅乱;使烦恼 →_______________ adj. 烦恼的 →________________ adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的 →________________ n． 打扰 disturbed disturbing disturbance It disturbs sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人不安 be disturbed by 为……感到不安；被……打扰 eg：The _____________ news has made everyone present upset. disturbing 用disturb的适当形式填空 ①Don't __________ the sleeping child. ②The _____________ news has made everyone present upset. ③The drunken man caused a ______________ in the street. disturb disturbing disturbance 15. skip /skɪp/ v. 跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走 vi. 跳绳;蹦蹦跳跳地走；跳绳　 n. 蹦跳 skip off 溜走，匆匆离开 skip over 跳过，忽略，略过 He skipped the dull parts of the book. 他把书的枯燥部分跳过去不读。 Brooks skipped school three days in a row. 布鲁克斯连续三天逃学。 16. stimulate /ˈstɪmjuleɪt/ vt. 激发;促进;刺激 →_______________adj. 激励人的 stimulating　 stimulate sb. to do sth. 鼓舞/激励某人做某事 stimulate one’s interest in… 激发某人在……方面的兴趣 Light stimulates plant growth. 光会刺激植物生长。 I hoped my warning would stimulate her to make greater efforts. 我希望我的告诫会促使她作出更大的努力。 →_______________n. 刺激 stimulation　 17. stressed out /strest aʊt/ 焦虑不安;疲惫不堪 under stress　　　　　 在压力之下 put/lay/place stress on sth. 重视/强调…… stress sb. out 给……压力 stress the importance of ... 强调……的重要性 stress that ... 强调…… stress (n.) 压力，强调，重要性 stress (v.) 着重强调 stressed (adj.)     焦虑不安；心力交瘁 stressed out          （用作表语）紧张的；感到有压力的 ①Don't stress out and waste time in the process by obsessing over every second of time. 不要因为纠缠于每一秒而过分劳累，并且在这个过程中浪费时间。 � Studying for exams always　　　　              　. 为考试而学习总是使我紧张。 ③ Make sure he is not　　　            　      　. 确保他没有压力。 stresses me out stressed out 18. worn out 筋疲力尽的；疲惫的；破烂不堪的 wear out    表示“主动”时有两层含义： wear sth. out （使某事物）用得不能再用，用坏或耗尽 wear sb. out    使某人精疲力竭或厌烦 ,提高工作效率 →__________ adj. 用坏的；用旧的；疲惫的；筋疲力尽的 worn ① He wore out two pairs of boots on the walking tour. ②Just listening to his silly chatter             　       听着他无聊的话把我烦透了. ③ They             　      after a long day's working in the field. 他们在田地里干了一天的活，都累坏了。 wears me out were worn out 18. enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ vt. 提高; 增强; 増进 enhance one’s ability 提高个人能力 enhance the sense of hapiness 提升人们的幸福感 enhance the friendship and unity 增进友谊和团结 enhance the work efficiency 提高工作效率 →_________________n. 提高，增强 enhancement = strengthen, improve, boost 19. refresh /rɪˈfreʃ/ v. 使恢复精力;使凉爽;刷新 →_____________ adj. 提神的；使清爽的；使人重新振作的 →_____________ adj. 精力充沛的 refreshing refreshed feel refreshed 感觉神清气爽 refresh oneself 头脑清醒；提神 refresh one’s memory 唤醒记忆 refresh one’s body and mind 身心愉悦 20. absorb /əbˈsɔ:b/ vt. 吸引全部注意力;吸收 absorb ...from ...　　 从……中吸收…… absorb ...into ... 把……吸收入…… absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 absorb oneself in = be absorbed in 专心于；全神贯注于 ①Plants absorb carbon dioxide from air and moisture the soil.  植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。 �The surrounding small towns have been absorbed        　  the city. 四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。 into from That’s true for 对......来说，那是确实的 ①That's true for the first counter update. 第一个计数器更新确实是这样。 ②                  　     most of you. 对于你们大多数人来说，那是事实。 �That's true for companies, and it's true for products. 这对公司来说是正确的，对产品也是如此。 ④lt is true     you can't judge a book by its cover.  你确实不能以貌取人。 That's true for that 34 8. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). 因此，当我们再次感到不高兴时（触发因素），我们可以听几首自己最喜爱的音乐（惯常行为），而不是吃零食,这会使我们感到放松（回报)。 rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带 to，也可以不带 to。但当rather than 位于句首时，则只能接不带 to 的不定式。 rather than 连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、动名词、分词、不定式及动词等。rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport ____________ (而不是) vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. rather than These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 此句为复合句。if left unchecked是条件状语从句的省略，if后面省略了they are，完整的形式为if these bad habits are left unchecked。 状语从句的省略 1) 可以省略成分的状语从句：时间、条件、让步、方式。 2) 状语从句省略成分的条件： ① 从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是it; ② 从句谓语含有be，包括系动词be、进行时态的be或被动语态的be。 3) 常见的连词：when, while, once, before, whenever, if, unless, though, although, as, as if。 ② He will give you the answer if （he is）　　　　　　　． 如果他满意，他会给你答案的。 �  ③When (it is)　　　　　　　，ice will be changed into water. 当冰受热时，它就会变成水。 ④Metal expand when (it is) heated and contract when (it is)　　 　． 金属遇热则膨胀，遇冷则收缩。 satisfied heated cooled 4) 状语从句省略成分后常见的类型：连词+现在分词/过去分词/ 副词/ 形容词。 注：状语从句的省略句中的过去分词通常应视为被动语态的省略，而不能视为完成时态的省略。 37 To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. ▲ 此句为“主系表”结构的简单句，其中主语较长，是不定式短语To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life。 ▲ To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. ▲ After all, it is not easy to break bad habits. ▲ It is a great honor _________(invite) to Mary’s birthday party. ▲ It was impossible for lost time ___________(make) up. 有时为了保持句子平衡，经常将不定式短语放到句子后面，尤其当不定式形式为被动结构时。 to be invited to be made Practice 1. The medicine will work best if ______ (take) according to the instructions. 2. You must find yourself upset by traffic jams if _____ (live) in the centre of the city, especially during the rush hour. 3. If the steps you take are working, keep it up. ______ (不然), take another look at other methods you could try. taken living If not 动词不定式作主语 Infinitives as the subject Revision 不定式的形式 Different forms of infinitive. 类别 主动语态 被动语态 意义 一般式 to do 完成式 进行式 / 完成进行式 / to be done to have done to be doing to have been doing to have been done 发生在 谓语动词之后 发生在 谓语动词之前 正在进行 一直持续 1.基本形式:to do 2.否定形式:not to do 3.没有人称和数的变化，但有时态、语态的变化。可作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。 Warming up It’s difficult for me to get up early. To get up early is difficult for me. 主语 Infinitive as Subject It is difficult for me to get up early. It is kind of you to help me! To get up early is difficult for me . To help me is kind of you ! to do 作主语 动词不定式（短语）作主语 位置 直接放在________作主语； 为了保持句子平衡，用________作形式主语，放在句首，把真正的主语 — 动词不定式置于句后； 句首 it 直接放在________作主语； 为了保持句子平衡，用________作形式主语，放在句首，把真正的主语 — 动词不定式置于句后； 和_________构成“疑问词+to do”短语作主语。 句首 it 疑问词 动词不定式作主语有三种形式： Summary 1. To change bad habits is never easy. 2. It took the surgeon three hours to finish my mother’s lung surgery. 3.To join the People’s Liberation Army, it is required for men to shave off their beards. 4. It was not polite to disturb your neighbors with loud music last night. 【总结】 1.1-4句子中动词不定式都是作___语。 2.句3和句4中it作__________，真正主语是后面的_______。 主 形式主语 to do 1.To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. 2.To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. 3.However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. 4.After all, it is not easy to break bad habits. 5.When to go there has not been decided yet. 【总结】 1.1-4句子中动词不定式都是作___语。 2.句3和句4中it作______，真正主语是后面的_______。 3.句5中是______ +不定式作主语 主 形式主语 to do 疑问词 Focus on 基本用法 不定式作主语 一、通常用法：直接位于句首 二、*it作形式主语的用法 *it作形式主语时的三种情况 三、“疑问词+动词不定式”作主语 四、不定式和V-ing作主语区别 五、不定式作独立成分 To be working all day long is a bore.整天干活使人厌倦。(不定式进行式) To have known you is a privilege.认识了你真是荣幸。(不定式完成式) To get up early is necessary. 早起是必要的。 1.不定式作主语通常可直接位于句首，表示具体的、某一次的或将来的动作，谓语动词常用单数。 Analysing: infinitive used as subject 单个不定式作主语，谓语动词用_______ 两个或两个以上的不定式作主语，若语意一致或作为一个整体，谓语动词用_______ 两个或两个以上的不定式作主语，若语意不一致，谓语动词用________ 单数 单数 复数 动词不定式（短语）作主语的主谓一致原则： 单个动词不定式（短语）作主语，谓语用单数。 To improve English (be)the most urgent thing for me now. 两个或两个以上的动词不定式（短语）作主语，若语义一致或基本一致，或动词不定式（短语）作为一个整体，谓语用单数。 To love and to be loved (be) sweet to us. 两个或两个以上的动词不定式（短语）作主语，若语义不一致，谓语用复数。 To improve people’s lives and to speed up social construction (be) two important tasks. 动词不定式（短语）作主语的主谓一致原则 is is are 不定式作主语基本用法： 1.To look after these naughty boys _______ (be) really difficult. 2. To save money now _______ (seem) impossible. ① 单一概念的动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 is seems 3. To learn English well and to master a skill _______ (be) very important for your future. 4. To jog every morning and to do some stretching exercises in the evening _______ (be) good ways to keep fit. ② 两个及以上动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 5.To love and to be loved ______ (be) the greatest happiness one can get. are are is ③ 两个并列的不定式语义基本一致，谓语动词用单数形式。 一、动词不定式直接做主语 优化P39 51 [巧学活用1]——单句语法填空 ①________ (finish) reading the book will take you two hours. ②________ (pay) a visit to the Forbidden City is my dream. ③To improve people's lives and to speed up socialist construction _____ (be) two important tasks today. ④________ (stay) up too late is a bad habit for our health. To finish To pay are Staying 2.动词不定式与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how连用构成不定式短语做主语。 How to use the computer is the question. 如何使用计算机是个问题。 Where to go has not been decided. 去哪儿还没有定下来。 注：疑问词 + 不定式（to +do） （1）可用于该结构的疑问词 疑问代词：who，whom，what，which 疑问副词：when，where，how （2）常接该结构的动词：know，see，decide，tell，ask，consider，explain，learn，wonder （3）该结构的句法功能：主语、宾语和表语 How to construct the theoretical framework is very important. The question is when to start developing such a vaccine. I know where to find that patriotic young man. （3）该结构的句法功能：主语、宾语和表语 How to construct the theoretical framework is very important. 怎样构建理论框架很重要。（作主语） The question is when to start developing such a vaccine. 问题是何时开始研制这种疫苗。（作表语） I know where to find that patriotic young man. 我知道到哪里去找那个爱国的年轻人。（作宾语） 【学法点拨】 “ 疑问词+不定式”结构相当于一个由疑问词引导的名词性从句。 A judge must decide whose proof to believe. = A judge must decide whose proof he/she should believe. 法官必须决定相信谁的证据。 1. _______________ the river is still a problem. （cross) 怎样过桥仍然是个问题。（作主语） 2. ______________________has not been decided.(go camping) 还没有决定去哪儿露营。（作主语） 3. We have now idea __________________________________. 我们不知道如何控制水污染。(control)（作宾语） 4.The question is ________________________.(hold) 问题是在那里举行这个晚会。（作表语） How to cross Where to go camping how to control the water pollution where to hold the party 练一练 补全下面句子 [巧学活用3]——单句语法填空 ①How ________ (cure) this kind of illness is still unknown. ②Whether ________ (do) it or not has not been decided. ③How ________ (deal) with this case hasn't been known yet. to cure to do to deal 单句语法填空 （1）I couldn’t decide 　　　　 　 bike to buy. （2）Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach how 　　　　 　 （read） fast. （3）When and where 　　　　 　（vote） hasn’t been decided. 完成句子 （4） 　　　　　　　　（何时装修） the house hasn’t been decided. （5）They didn’t decide 　 　　　　 　　（在哪里举行） the debate. （6）The question is 　　 　　　　 　　 　（怎样拆卸） the machine. which to read to vote When to decorate where to hold how to take apart 3.当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而将真正的主语—不定式放到谓语的后面。 It’s not easy to work out the problem. = To work out the problem is not easy. 计算出这道题不容易。 It is interesting to play with snow in winter. 冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。 It is terrible to see the ship sinking into the sea. 目睹轮船沉入大海，真是太可怕了。 为保持句子平衡，用it来作形式主语,相关句型有： （1）It is/was＋形容词＋(for/of sb)＋动词不定式 若形容词描述事物或行为的特征, 用for,如difficult, possible,necessary等 若形容词描述人的品格、特点, 用of,如 kind,polite,impolite,rude,foolish等 （2）It is＋a/an＋名词(如a pity/an honour ...)＋to do ... （3）It takes sb/sth to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间/做某事花费多少经历 Presentation It is necessary for you to change your job. It’s difficult for us to learn English well. It was silly of you to give up such a good chance! It’s very kind of you to say so. 若adj. “描述人的品格、特点”, 用of,如 kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever; 若adj.“描述事物或行为的特征”, 用for,如easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary,good,  bad, exciting, interesting, surprising 常用句型1：It is+adj.+for/of sb +to do sth It is necessary ______ young students to learn a foreign language. It was silly ______ you to give up such a good chance! It is important _______ us to express our opinions. It was not polite ______ you to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night. for of of Practice for 练一练 1. Sometimes it’s better 　　　　 　（stay)calm when in trouble. 2. It was foolish 　　　　her to make such a mistake. 3. It is rude 　　　 　 him to say that to a lady. 4. It is difficult 　　　　teenagers to live alone in a foreign country. to stay of of for Presentation 常见的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等 Summary 常用句型2：It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. It is an honour to give a speech in behalf of my school. It is a pity to miss the chance to see your show. It is our duty to do that. Presentation It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. It will take us a lot of money to buy that house. Summary 常用句型3： It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(钱) [巧学活用]——单句语法填空 ①[2022·新高考卷Ⅰ应用文]It is my pleasure ________ (invite) you to our English show “Talk and Talk” which will be conducted at 6 a．m. this Friday. ②It is good manners for the young ________ (give) their seats to the old. ③It is my ambition ________ (make) sure that the disabled people have access to all public buildings. ④It is no use ________ (argue) with him, for he is so stubborn. to invite to give to make arguing 4.动词不定式与动名词作主语时的区别： 表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词； 表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。 Swimming is fun in summer. 夏天游泳是有趣的事。 To swim in this river is a great pleasure.在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。 注意：有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意：主语和表语要用同一种形式；平行结构中要用同一种形式。 To see is to believe. ＝Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Presentation To look after children is her job today. 她今天的工作是看孩子。 Looking after children is her work. 她的工作是照顾孩子。 Compare the two sentences below and tell the difference in meaning. Summary不定式作主语和动词-ing形式作主语的区别： 5. 动名词作主语表示_______________的行为;不定式作主语表示 _________________________ 动作。 经常性或习惯性 具体的、一次性的或将来的 1. ______ (do) morning exercises regularly is good for your health. 2. It feels really good ______ (do) morning exercises today. Doing to do _________ (climb) mountains is interesting. _________ (drive) a car during the rush hour must be tiring. _________ (teach) English is my job. _________ (teach) you English this term is my job. No _________ (smoke) is permitted here. lt is not very good for you _________ so much (smoke). _________ (read) more is necessary . lt is quite necessary _________ (read) it again. Climbing To drive Teaching To teach smoking to smoke Reading to read Practice makes perfect 对本课件使用有任何疑问，请联系小助手：naodong12 更多优质内容，请关注微信公众号【脑洞英语课堂】 68 1. ______ (do) morning exercises regularly is good for your health. 2. It feels really good ______ (do) morning exercises today. 3.__________ (finish) the task in time is a great challenge. 4.___________(walk) after dinner is good to health. 5._________ (get) to the park by bike will take about 20 minutes. Doing to do practice To finish Walking To get 5.不定式短语作独立成分 to begin/start with 首先 to sum up 总而言之 to conclude 总而言之 to tell the truth 说实话 to be frank 坦白地说 to be honest 说老实话 to be brief 简言之 一些不定式短语可用作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句末，要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。 To tell the truth，I don’t like the gifted actress in the movie. 说实话，我不喜欢这部影片中的那个有天赋的女演员。 5 不定式短语作独立成分 （1）一些不定式短语可用作独立成分，通常位于句首，有时位于句中或句末，要用逗号同其他句子成分隔开。 To tell the truth，I don’t like the gifted actress in the movie. 说实话，我不喜欢这部影片中的那个有天赋的女演员。 （2）常用短语 to sum up 总而言之 to be brief 简言之 to tell the truth 说实话 to be exact 确切地说 to conclude 总而言之，最后 to be frank 坦白地说 to begin/start with 首先 to be honest 说老实话 To be frank，your theory is too abstract for the students to understand. 坦白说，你的理论太抽象，学生们理解不了。 Practice （1） 　　　　　 　　　（总而言之），most of the committee members supported the idea but a few were against it. （2） 　　　　　（简言之），he was happy with the result. （3）She wrote， 　　　　　（确切地说），ten novels in her lifetime. （4） 　　　　　　　　（首先），he’s too young for that kind of job. （5） 　　　　　 （说老实话），I don’t really want to go to the party tonight. To sum up/To conclude To be brief to be exact To begin/start with To be honest to do to do 作主语位于句首，在谓语之前 to do 作主语位于谓语之后，It作形式主语 疑问词+to do 构成不定式短语，作主语 和-ing 作主语的区别 To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting. It takes sb. time/money to do sth. It is + adj. + （for/of sb.） to do sth. It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. to do 表示具体的，将来的，一次性的动作 -ing 表示经常性、习惯性、抽象的动作 与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用 Summary to do 作主语 to do 作主语位于句首 it 作形式主语 疑问词+to do 构成不定式短语 和-ing 作主语的区别 To read without reflecting is like eating without digesting. It takes sb. time/money to do sth. It is + adj. + (for/of sb.) to do sth. It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. to do 表示具体的，一次性的、将来的动作 -ing 表示一般的，泛指的、习惯性的动作 与疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how等连用 Summary 74 Summary 1.to do作主语，表具体的特指未完成动作,谓语用单数（doing作主语常表习惯性动作） To change bad habits is never easy. 2.it作形式主语常见于以下情况中(真正的主语—不定式)。 1) It is + adj. + for（表事物特征）/of（表品质） sb. to do sth. 表品德的adj:kind, nice, wise, silly等 表事物特征的adj: easy, hard, difficult, possible 2( It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. 常见的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure 3)It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. 3.疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how+to do，也可作主语。 1. It is very helpful for all of us ________(help) a good knowledge of history. 2. It’s necessary for you ________ (lock) the car when you do not use it. 3. Afraid of ___________ (bite) by snakes, the boy was afraid ________ (touch) them. 4. ________(get) there by bike will take us half an hour. Pratice to help to lock being bitten to touch To get 单句语法填空 （1）Sometimes it’s better 　　　　 　（remain） silent. （2）Although 　　　　 　 is a hard task to protect our environment，we can’t help but go ahead. （3） 　　　 　 　（control） the air pollution is necessary. （4）It was foolish 　　　　 　 him to endanger his life in that way. （5）Don’t you think it is rude 　　　　 　 him to ask a lady her age? （6）It is difficult 　　　　 　 him to live on such a small salary. to remain it To control/Controlling of of for 1.It took us about two hours (get) there that day. 2.Whether (hold) a party this weekend hasn’t been known yet. 3.It is foolish you to take a taxi to the town in that situation. 4.It is important for her (prepare) for the examination. 5.It’s our duty (keep) our environment clean and tidy. 6.It is no good for you (wait) here for a long time. 7. (get) there by bike will take us half an hour. to get to hold of to prepare to keep to wait To get Exercises Please fill in the blanks with the right form of the words given in the brackets. 1. It is really hard for a foreigner __________ (pick) up Chinese in such a short time. 2. It’s really kind of you ________ (help) me with my math. 3. ________ (travel) to the Meili Snow-capped Mountain Mr. Jones’s dream of this year. to pick to help To travel 练一练 4. I think it necessary_____________ (practice) listening and speaking English every day. 5. It can take some time___________ (recover) from the Covid-19 infection. 6. In Kunming, _________ (miss) a bus means waiting for 15 minutes. to practice to recover missing 练一练 1． (lean) out of the window is dangerous. 2． (save) money now seems impossible. 3．It is an offence (drop) litter in the street. 4．It is stupid of you (write) down everything (that) the teacher says. 5．__________(say) is one thing and to do is another. 6．It seemed a pity __________________(waste) so much time. 7. I don’t think__________________________（你问……是不礼貌的） how long the interview will last. 8. 　　　　　　　　　　　（保卫…… 是我们的职责） the country against its enemies. 9. 　　　　　　　　　　　（ …… 花了我半个小时）to wash the clothes. To lean To save to drop Activity 7 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words. to write To say to have wasted it is impolite of you to ask It’s our duty to defend It took me half an hour 10. I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy ________(cook) . 11.It is easy for them __________(care) for.  12.It was so good _______(feel) accepted for what I’m good at. 13.It’s my first time_______(hear) Chinese stories told by an English speaker. 14.Then we will know how important ______ is to have meaning in our life. 15. It is not a simple matter____________(determine) the nature of talent. 16. ___________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 17. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take _______(get) there. to cook to be cared to feel to hear it to determine Learning to get You don’t need to be told that it is difficult 1.______(lose) weight. Or,2._______(keep) the weight off once you have dropped those pounds. Now, it is time for you 3.___________(identify) the factors that cause your over weight. For instance, you may discover that you spend too much time 4. _________(be)inactive. Or, that you tend to skip meals and snack instead. Once you 5._____________(figure) out the problem, you will find yourself one step closer to correcting your issues. 6.________(eat) healthy foods, getting enough sleep, and exercising regularly can also the answer. So, it is important 7._________ (make) an effort to lead a healthy lifestyle when you are going through a tough period. These are all the ways you can change your lifestyle so that you will find it easier 8. _________(slim) down. What’s more, by adopting these healthy tips, you will notice that you have an easier time 9._______ (keep) the weight off as well. So, make it a point 10. ___________(follow) the guidelines mentioned above. Fill in the blanks using the right forms of the given words. to lose to keep to identify being have figured Eating to make to slim to keep to follow 语法填空 Mike drove to a remote border town alone. He didn’t stop the car 1. ________ (take) a break although he was feeling tired. As a result, a traffic accident occurred, which caused him 2. ______ __ (trap) inside the car. Fortunately a girl who happened to pass by volunteered 3. ________ (save) him, only 4. ________ (find) Mike was completely locked in the car. After calling an ambulance, she managed 5. ________ (give) him first aid, using the method she had learned at school. Soon, Mike was rushed to hospital in an ambulance. It took him three months 6. _______ _ (recover) from his injuries. The girl named Mary felt pleased 7. _ _______ (do) such a great thing, though she realized the car may have exploded. When interviewed, she said, “I’ve also met with a traffic accident. A kind passer-by saved my life but he was killed. I was the only one 8. _______ _ (survive) the crash. The man was said 9. _ _________________ (work) on the road helping people in need for ten years. I was too moved even to speak when hearing the story. Therefore, I determined 10. ________ (stay) here and give people in need a helping hand.” to stay to take to be trapped to save to find to give to recover to have done to have survived to have worked Homework 85 2.Join the words to make full sentences. 1. important / avoid / passive cigarette smoking It is important to avoid passive cigarette smoking. 2. will take / nutrition specialist / a balanced diet menu / make / an hour / for you ____________________________________________________________ 3. useful / turn to / fitness consultant / for advice ____________________________________________________________ 4. illegal / dangerous / take / drugs ____________________________________________________________ 5. harmful / skip breakfast / often ____________________________________________________________ It will take nutrition specialist an hour to make a balanced diet menu for you. It is useful to turn to fitness consultant for advice. It is illegal and dangerous to take drugs. It is harmful to skip breakfast (too)often. Homework (P17) 2.Join the sentences to make a paragraph. You can add your own sentences if necessary to make your paragraph more meaningful. To get healthy and get rid of bad habits，sometimes it is also a good idea to get professional help. It will take an hour for a nutrition specialist to make a balanced diet menu for you. It is also useful to turn to a fitness consultant for advice. You can also help yourself with some common sense. For example，it is harmful to skip breakfast too often. It is important to avoid passive cigarette smoking. And，of course，it is dangerous to take illegal drugs too. 3.Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the phrases in the box. 1.A: Hello, doctor. I want to lose weight, but I just can’ t seem to do it. What can you do to help me? B: Well, first, it’s necessary to _____________ what you eat. Cut out all fatty food and sugary drinks, and eat more fruit and vegetables. 2.A: I really need to ________ a way to exercise more. I could use a fitness app, but my phone’s full. B: So delete a few files. I'm sure the app doesn't take up much space. 3.A: Before exercising, always do a few warm-ups to ___________. B: I know. But then I always feel too tired to continue! 4.A: Should I go for the pizza or the fried chicken? I hate _____________ like these. You know what—I'm going to eat both! B: Wow! Don’t eat too much junk food—you’ll get fat. I’ve actually_______________ to go on a diet, so I’ll just stick to the fruit salad. decide on begin with be in control of make a choice decide on make up one’s mind be in control of making a choice made up my mind begin with Thanks Thank You $$