Unit 1 Happy Holiday 单元语法：不定代词（精讲课件）-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元知识点精讲精练（人教版2024）

人教版初中英语语法 Unit1 Happy Holiday 八年级上册 人教版8年级上册（单元） 语法点 Unit 1 Happy Holiday * 不定代词 （Indefinite Pronouns） Unit 2 Home Sweet Home * 情态动词 （ Modal Verbs） Unit 3 Same or Different? * 形容词和副词比较级（Comparative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs） Unit 4 Amazing Plants and Animals *形容词和副词最高级（Superlative Forms of Adjectives and Adverbs） Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! * 副词的顺序和感叹句的构成和用法（the Order of Adverbs/the Structure and Usage of Exclamatory Sentences） Unit 6  Plan for Yourself * “be going to ” 结构 （“be going to” Structure） Unit 7 When Tomorrow Comes * 一般将来时will 的用法（The Usage of “Will” in the Simple Future Tense） Unit 8 Let’s Communicate! * if 引导的条件状语从句 （Conditional Adverbial Clause Introduced by “if”） 2 CONTENTS 不定代词 （Indefinite Pronouns） 普通不定代词 复合不定代词 3 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词 的代词叫不定代词。 它们有 some, any, much, many 等以及由 every -, some -, any -, no-加上-thing,-body,-one 构成的复合不定代词。 4 常见普通的不定代词 5 01 some, any 表示“一些”时， some与 any既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。some常用于肯定句中，而 any 常用于否定句和疑问句中。 There are some students playing basketball on the playground. 有一些学生正在操场上打篮球。 Do you have any books about history? 你有一些关于历史的书吗？ I don't have any money with me. 我身上没带钱。 Where can I buy some flowers? 我在哪里可以买到一些花？ some用于肯定句 any用于否定句 any 用于疑问句 特殊疑问句中，不针对 “一些” 提问时用 some 6 02 many , much 许多,大量 many 修饰复数可数名词, much 修饰不可数名词。 We don’t need many chairs for the party. 派对不需要太多椅子。 Many birds fly to the south in winter. 冬天很多鸟飞到南方去。 She doesn’t have much time to play. 她没有太多时间玩。 Does he know much about computers? 他对电脑了解很多吗？ many+复数可数名词 much+不可数名词 much+about many+复数可数名词 7 02 many , much (2) too many 与 too much 都表示“太多”, too many 修饰复数可数名词, too much 修饰不可数名词。 much too “实在太”,修饰形容词或副词。 There are too many people in the supermarket on weekends. 周末超市里人太多了。 He made too many mistakes in his homework. 他作业里犯了太多错误。 Drinking too much coffee is bad for your health. 喝太多咖啡对健康有害。 He runs much too fast. I can’t catch up. 他跑得实在太快了，我追不上。 too many+复数可数名词 too much+不可数名词 much too+副词 8 03 one one可用来代替单数可数名词,表泛指;ones用来代替复数可数名词。 I need a new pen. This one is broken. 我需要一支新钢笔。这支坏了。 These shoes are too old. I need new ones. 这双鞋太旧了。我需要新的。 (2) one可指代不特定的人，表示“人，一个人，人们”。 If one wants to succeed, they must work hard. 一个人若想成功，就必须努力。 One should always keep their promises.（人应该信守承诺。） （one 泛指 “任何人、人们”，句中用 their 避免性别指代问题） one代替单数 可数名词 pen ones 代替上文出现过 的复数可数名词shoes 9 04 either, neither (1) either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，其后可接 of短语。 Either of the books is interesting. You can choose one. 这两本书中任意一本都很有趣，你可以选一本。 → 谓语动词用单数（is），接 of + 复数名词（books）。 Either pen works fine. 两支笔中任意一支都能用。 → 直接作主语，谓语用单数（works） 10 04 either, neither (2) neither 表示“两者都不”，作主语时谓语动词常用单数形式。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。 → 直接作主语，修饰单数名词（answer），谓语用单数（is） Neither of the boys likes playing football. 这两个男孩都不喜欢踢足球。 → 接 of + 复数名词（boys），谓语用单数（likes） Neither is suitable for the job. 两个人中，谁都不适合这份工作。 → 单独作主语，指代前文提到的 “两者”，谓语用单数（is） 11 05 each , every 每个，每一个 each every ≥2 +of （强调个体，可作代词 / 形容词） （强调全体，只做形容词 12 Each student has a laptop. 每个学生都有一台笔记本电脑。 She gave each child a candy. 她给每个孩子一颗糖。 Every teacher in this school is kind. 这所学校的每个老师都很和蔼。 We go to the park every Sunday. 我们每个周日都去公园。 13 06 none, no one none：表示 “（三者或以上中）一个也没有”，可指代人或物，可接 of 短语。 no one：表示 “没有人”，仅指代人，不可接 of 短语。 None of the students passed the exam. 这些学生中没有一个通过考试。 None of the books is/are interesting. 这些书没有一本有趣。 — How many apples are left? — None. 一个也没剩。 — Who came to the party? — None. 没人来。 14 all, both 都 07 (1) all指3者或3者以上的人或物; both则指2个人或物。 I’ve read all of these novels. 这些小说我全都读过了。 All students must wear uniforms. 所有学生都必须穿校服。 Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 He can speak both languages fluently. 这两种语言他都能说流利。 All water in the bottle is gone. 瓶子里的水全没了。 I like both of these dresses. 这两条裙子我都喜欢。 15 08 a few, few There are a few apples in the fridge. You can take one. 冰箱里还有几个苹果，你可以拿一个。） ※ a few：一些，几个，+可数复 Few people knew the truth at that time. 那时候几乎没人知道真相。 ※ few：几乎没有，+可数复 表：否定 表：肯定 a few people few kites a few trees few leaves few boys a few teachers 16 09 a little, little He has little patience with children. 他对孩子几乎没什么耐心。 There is a little milk in the glass. You can drink it. 杯子里还有一点儿牛奶，你可以喝掉。 ※little/a little +不可数 表：肯定 表：否定 17 10 other, the other, others, the others ,another Other 表示 “另外的、其他的”，无特指含义，后接可数名词复数，不能单独作主语 / 宾语。 I have other books to read. 我还有其他书要读。 (2) the other后接单数名词，或单独作代词（指代单数）。 I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue. 我有两支笔，一支红的，另一支蓝的。 (3) others表示 “其余的人 / 物中的一部分”，无特指，相当于 “other + 可数名词复数”，单独作主语 / 宾语。 Some students are reading, others are writing. 一些学生在读书，另一些在写字。 18 10 other, the other, others, the others ,another (4) the others 表示 “某一范围内剩余的全部”，有明确范围（总数≥3），表特指，相当于 “the other + 可数名词复数”。 There are 10 students in the room. Three are girls, the others are boys. 房间里有 10 个学生，3 个是女生，其余的都是男生。 (5) another 表示 “三者及以上中的另一个”，无特指，强调 “额外的、再一个”，后接单数名词，或单独作代词（指代单数）。 也可表示 “又、再”（+ 数词 + 复数名词）。 I don’t like this shirt. Can you show me another? 我不喜欢这件衬衫，能给我看另一件吗？ 19 常见复合不定代词 指人 指人 指物 one body thing some- someone 某人 somebody 某人 something 某物 any- anyone 任何人/某人 anybody 某人/任何人 anything 某物/任何物 no- no one 没有人 nobody 没有人 nothing 没事，没有 every- everyone 每个人 everybody 每个人 everything 一切，每件事 20 anything, anybody anyone, no one nobody, nothing 用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中 somebody, something someone, everyone everybody, everything 用于肯定句中 复合不定代词的用法 21 单复数：均视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数 复合不定代词本身没有复数形式，无论指代单数还是复数概念，都当作单数处理，搭配单数谓语。 Everyone is here. 所有人都到了。 Something smells good. 有东西闻起来很香。 Nothing is impossible. 没有什么是不可能的。 复合不定代词的用法一 22 指代对象：-one 与 -body 可互换，-thing 指物 Someone / Somebody called you this morning. 早上有人给你打电话了。 Anyone / Anybody can do this job. 任何人都能做这份工作。 No one / Nobody knew the answer. 没人知道答案。 Everyone / Everybody enjoyed the party. 每个人都喜欢这个派对。 Everything is ready. 一切都准备好了。 复合不定代词的用法二 23 复合不定代词的用法三 修饰语位置：形容词、不定式（to do）等修饰复合不定代词时，不能放在前面，必须放在后面（“不定代词 + 修饰语”）。 I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事要告诉你。 Is there anything interesting in the book? 这本书里有什么有趣的内容吗？ He wants nothing expensive. 他不想要昂贵的东西。 24 复合不定代词的用法四 someone /something 等的使用场景 用于 肯定句 表示 “某（人 / 物） I saw someone in the garden. 肯定句：我看到花园里有个人。 用于 疑问句 表示邀请、请求、建议 Would you like something to eat? 疑问句表邀请：想吃点什么吗？ 25 复合不定代词的用法四 anyone /anything 等的使用场景 用于 否定句 表示 “没有任何” I didn’t see   there.（否定句：我在那儿没看到任何人。） 用于 疑问句 表示 “不确定的任何” Did you buy anything? （疑问句：你买什么东西了吗？） 用于 条件句 表示 “任何” You can choose anything you like.（条件 / 肯定句表 “任何”：你可以选任何喜欢的。） 26 practice 1．Is ______ in the classroom? I need to borrow a ruler. A．somebody B．anybody C．nobody D．everybody 2．The weather in Guangdong is hotter than ________ in Qinghai. A．it B．those C．that D．one 3．I’m expecting to have a big house for long, but I can’t afford to buy ________. A．it B．one C．this D．that 4．There are many Chinese parasol trees (梧桐树) on ________ side of Lingyuan Road. A．all B．both C．each D．every 5．The math test tomorrow is very important to us, so ________ of us is studying for it. A．each B．every C．both D．one B C B B A 27 practice 6．—Does your sister like drawing or singing? —She loves ________. She’s in the art club and the music club. A．none B．all C．both 7．—What do you think of the four classics of China? —I heard they were wonderful, but I’ve read ________ of them. A．none B．all C．neither 8．____ of my parents are doctors. They are busy with work but I can understand them. A．Both B．All C．Either 9．—When shall we go to the new library, this morning or this afternoon? —________ is OK. I’m free today. A．Either B．Neither C．Both C A A A 28 practice 10．—Sarah, you’re wanted on the phone. It’s from Beijing. —You must be kidding. I don’t know ______ in Beijing. A．anybody B．somebody C．nobody D．everybody 11．—Did you go with ________?—Yes, I went with my father. A．someone B．anyone C．no one D．everyone 12．David is happy today because he helps ________ look for a set of keys on his way home. A．no one B．anything C．somebody D．everything 13．—Have you got any tickets for the basketball match? —Yes. But I have only got ________. You can go if you want to. A．it B．one C．ones D．none A B C B 29 practice 14．—In fact, bats can make “sounds”. —That’s true. The sounds are special and _____can hear them. A．Somebody B．nobody C．everybody D．anybody 15．Is there ______ in the classroom? It’s too quiet. A．somebody B．nobody C．everyone D．anything 16．—Who can finish the work in an hour? —The work is so easy that ____ can do it well quickly. A．someone B．nobody C．anyone 17．I’m sure ______ lost the wallet, but I don’t know who it is. A．anybody B．nobody C．somebody D．everybody B B B C C 30 practice 18．This problem is too difficult. ________ people can understand it. A．Few B．Little C．A few D．A little 19．— Would you like some wine? — Yes. Just ________. A．little B．very little C．a little D．little bit 20．Mandy can speak ________ French and write ________ French words. A．a little; a few B．a little; a little C．a few; a little 21．The children are making ________ . It’s too ________. A．much too noise; noisy B．too much noise; noisy C．much too noise; noisily D．too much noise; noisily 22．I have ________ balls. A．a B．the C．many A C A B C 31 practice 23．—I’d like the coat but not the color. Can you get ________ one for me? —Sure, I will show you. We have many coats here. A．the other B．others C．another 24．______ the two teams were confident in winning the match, as they had trained hard for a long time. A．Neither of B．All of C．Both of D．Either of 25．— Would you like to go to the movies or go camping tomorrow? — ________. I’d like to stay at home and read the book The Old Man and The Sea. A．Both B．All C．None D．Neither 26．There are many tall green trees on _________ side of the street. A．either B．both C．all D．every C C D A 32 THE END 33 $$