Unit 1 重点词汇、词性转换、词义辨析及重难点句型梳理（讲义）-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元重难点精讲精练全突破（人教版2024）

Unit 重点词汇、词性转换、词义辨析、重难点句型（讲义） 一、单词梳理 名词（n.）： holiday 假期 cookies 曲奇饼 vacation 假期；休假 sunrise 日出 lesson 课程 activity 活动 festival 节日 landscape 风景 experience 经历；经验 bread 面包 scenery 风景 town 城镇 gift 礼物；天赋 dish 一道菜；碟；盘 silk 丝绸 breath 呼吸 scarf 围巾 rainbow 彩虹 California 加利福尼亚州（美国一个州） peace 和平 country 国家 Moscow 莫斯科 hall 大厅 Russia 俄罗斯 tear 泪水 Nazis 纳粹 war 战争 glass 玻璃 artwork 艺术作品 noon 中午 metro 地铁 palace 宫殿 station 站 accordion 手风琴 group 团体 square 广场 tour 旅游 passport 护照 budget 预算 sight 景点 autumn 秋天 countryside 乡村 Scotland 苏格兰 example 例子 forest 森林 noise 噪音 deer 鹿 tower 塔 动词（v.）： relax 放松 camp 露营 stand 站立 hike 远足 remember 记住 enjoy 享受；喜爱 build 建造 forget 忘记 fight 战斗 fall 跌落 remind 提醒 feel 感觉 seem 似乎 explore 探索 形容词（adj.）: amazing 奇妙的 fantastic 极好的 strange 奇怪的 special 特别的 ancient 古老的 beautiful 美丽的 terrible 可怕的 interesting 有趣的 excellent 极好的 comfortable 舒适的 boring 令人无聊的 relaxing 令人放松的 relaxed 放松的 famous 著名的 fresh 新鲜的 wonderful 精彩的；绝妙的；令人高兴的； fine 好的 cool 凉快的，酷的 sick 生病的 better 更好的 such 这样的 forgetful 健忘的 different 不同的 regular 规律的 surprised 惊讶的 faraway 遥远的 huge 巨大的 early 早的 副词（adv.） exactly 确切地；准确地 still 还；仍然 easily 容易地 really 真正地, 非常 there 那里 together 一起 just 只是，仅仅 probably 可能地 soon 不久 介词（prep.） towards 向；朝着；趋向 across 穿过；在……对面during 在……期间 inside 在……内部 against 反对，紧靠，在……相反 around 周围through 通过 beside 在……旁边 连词（conj.)： while 当……时候，而 however 虽然 兼词： taste n.味道，v.品尝 ready v.为……做准备adj.准备好的 double n.双倍，adj.双倍的 Russian adj. 俄罗斯的，俄罗斯人的;n.俄罗斯人，俄语 near v. 靠近； adj. 近的；adv. 在附近，几乎，差不多 guide v. 指导，给某人领路；n. 指南，导游，手册 sleep v.＆n. 睡觉 rain v.下雨； n. 雨 travel v.＆n. 旅行 notice v. 注意，留意到；n. 通知，注意，告示 worry v.＆n. 担心 smile v.＆n. 微笑 mind v.介意；n. 心智，大脑，心思 rest v.＆n. 休息 hope v.＆n. 希望 【即学即练】 1、 根据所给汉语和首字母完成单词。 1. A beautiful b______ (彩虹) often appears in the sky after heavy rain. 【答案】rainbow 【详解】句意：大雨过后，天空中常常会出现美丽的彩虹。。根据汉语“彩虹”可知。故填rainbow。 2. I want to visit Shanghai for v______ (度假) because I want to visit the Oriental Pearl Tower. 【答案】vacation 【详解】句意：我想去上海度假，因为我想去参观东方明珠塔。。根据汉语“度假”可知。故填vacation。 3. Every year, thousands of tourists come to visit the Lijiang A______ (古老的) Town. 【答案】Ancient 【详解】句意：每年，成千上万的游客来到丽江古城参观。根据汉语意思“古老的”可知。故填Ancient。 4. — What did Tom do last week? — He went c______ (野营) with his friends. 【答案】camping 【详解】句意：汤姆上周做了什么？——他和他的朋友们去野营了。。根据汉语野营可知camp，去野营go camping。故填camping。 5. In winter, most people like to wear s______ (围巾) to keep warm when they go out. 【答案】scarves 【详解】句意：冬天，大多数人喜欢戴围巾出去保暖。。根据汉语围巾可知，scarf, 再根据scarf前面没有a/an,所以用复数。故填scarves。 6.He wanted to be a g (导游) so he could travel around. 【答案】guide 【详解】句意：他想成为一名导游，这样他就可以到处旅行。。根据汉语导游guide可知。并且前面有a,所以用单数，故填guide。 7. For the Spring Festival , I' ll make a b (预算) for our family. 【答案】budget 【详解】句意：为了春节，我将为我们的家庭制定一个预算。。根据根据汉语预算可知，单词budge。故填budget。 8. Tom is tall and strong but he never f (打架) with others. 【答案】fights 【详解】句意：汤姆很高很强壮，但他从不与他人打架。。根据汉语打架可知，用fight，但主语为he,fight用第三人称单数。故填fights。 9. Our school's basketball team has won several v (胜利) in the recent competitions. 【答案】victories 【详解】句意：我们学校的篮球队在最近的比赛中赢得了几次胜利。根据汉语胜利可知，该用victory,但前面有several，所以用复数名词。故填victories。 10. We visited Tian’ anmen S (广场) and then walked to the P (宫殿) Museum. Both places were really cool! 【答案】Square; Palace 【详解】句意：我们参观了天安门广场，然后步行去了故宫博物院。这两个地方都非常酷！根据汉语广场Square；宫殿 Palace可知。故填Square; Palace。 11．Tom wants to be a doctor and save (生病的) people. 【答案】sick 【详解】句意：汤姆想成为一名医生，拯救病人。根据汉语提示“生病的”可知，其对应的英文表达是sick，形容词作定语修饰名词people。故填sick。 12．The ancient (塔) still stands after centuries. 【答案】tower 【详解】句意：这座古老的塔历经数世纪依然矗立。“塔”tower，根据“stands”可知，此处使用单数形式。故填tower。 13．My uncle came to visit us from a place f (遥远的) away. 【答案】(f)ar 【详解】句意：我叔叔从一个很远的地方来看望我们。根据中文提示“遥远的”和首字母可知，此处为far“远的”，far away意为“在远处”，故填(f)ar。 14．Taking (有规律的) exercise, eating a healthy diet and getting enough sleep are all the things that can help you. 【答案】regular 【详解】句意：定期锻炼，健康饮食，充足睡眠都可以帮助你。regular“有规律的”，形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故填regular。 15．Mr. Zhang has been teaching for more than 20 years, so he has rich teaching e . 【答案】(e)xperience 【详解】句意：张先生从教20多年，具有丰富的教学经验。根据“Mr. Zhang has been teaching for more than 20 years, so he has rich teaching...”和首字母e可知，他从教多年，应该有丰富的教学经验，不可数名词experience“经验”符合语境。故填(e)xperience。 16．To his surprise, the book has round, not s corners. 【答案】(s)quare 【详解】句意：令他惊讶的是，这本书有圆角，而不是方角。根据“the book has round, not...corners”以及首字母可知这本书是圆角，而不是方角，修饰名词用形容词square“方形的”。故填(s)quare。 17．It’s really difficult for us to describe the beauty of the s in the mountains. 【答案】(s)cene/(s)cenery 【详解】句意：对我们来说，描述山里的美景真的很难。根据“It’s really difficult for us to describe the beauty of the…in the mountains.”及首字母提示可知，此处是指山里的美景，用名词scene或scenery来表示“景色”。故填(s)cene/(s)cenery。 18．The song “Take My (breathe) Away” sounds really good. 【答案】Breath 【详解】句意：“Take My Breath Away”这首歌听起来真的很棒。空处位于形容词性物主代词My之后，需用名词形式。breathe是动词，意为“呼吸”；breath是名词，意为“呼吸，气息”。根据“Take My...(breathe) Away”可知，这是歌曲名，首字母需大写。故填Breath。 19．The photos r me of my parents in the countryside. 【答案】(r)emind/(r)eminded 【详解】句意：这些照片让我想起了我在乡下的父母。根据首字母提示可知，空处是指“想起”，remind sb. of sth.表示“提醒某人某件事情”，为固定短语，时态可为一般现在时或一般过去时，主语为photos，为名词复数，一般现在时的谓语动词需用原形remind；一般过去时的谓语动词需用过去式reminded。故填(r)emind/(r)eminded。 20．After years of fighting with other countries, all the people in that country hope to live in p . 【答案】(p)eace 【详解】句意：经过多年与其他国家的战争，那个国家的所有人民都希望和平生活。根据“After years of fighting with other countries”可知，人们不喜欢战争，希望和平。in peace“和平地”。故填(p)eace。 二、词形变换 camp (n./v.) camper (n.) 露营者 strange (adj.) strangely (adv.) 奇怪地 stranger (n.) 陌生人 breath (n.) breathe (v.) 呼吸 breathless (adj.) 气喘吁吁的 especially (adv.) especial (adj.) 特别的 comfortable (adj.) comfortably (adv.) 舒适地 comfort (v.) 安慰 bored (adj.) boring (adj.) 无聊的（修饰物） victory (n.) victories (复数) 胜利 Russian (n./adj.) Russia (n.) 俄罗斯 fight (n./v.) fighter (n.) 战士 artwork (n.) artist (n.) 艺术家 art (n.) 艺术 peace (n.) peaceful (adj.) 和平的 peacefully (adv.) 平静地 easily (adv.) easy (adj.) 容易的 uneasy (adj.) 不安的 forget (v.) forgettable (adj.) 易忘的 forgetful (adj.) 健忘的 forgetfulness (n.) 健忘 sick (adj.) ill (adj.) 生病的（同义） regular (adj.) regularly (adv.) 有规律地 surprised (adj.) surprising (adj.) 令人惊讶的（修饰物） 一、用所给词的正确的形式填空。 1. They ______ (camp) by the lake last weekend. 2. The ______ (bore) movie made me fall asleep. 3. It's ______ (strange) that he knows everything about me. 4. We saw a lot of beautiful ______ (landscape) on the trip. 5. The ______ (Russia) food is very delicious. 6. I ______ (forget) to bring my homework this morning. 7. The ______ (scarf) is very beautiful. I want to buy it. 8. The ______ (guide) will take us to visit the palace. 9. The hotel is ______ (comfort) and clean. 10. There are many ______ (deer) in the forest. 11. He is a ______ (regular) customer in this restaurant. 12. We are ______ (surprise) to hear the news. 13. The ______ (artwork) in the museum are very valuable. 14. They ______ (get together) to celebrate the festival. 15. The ______ (budget) for this trip is not enough. 【答案】1. camped 2. boring 3. strange 4. landscapes 5. Russian 6. forgot 7. scarf 8. guide 9. comfortable 10. deer 11. regular 12. surprised 13. artworks 14. get together 15. budget 二、阅读下面的短文,用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空, 每空填一个单词,使短文通顺、完整。 full    visit    be    east    enjoy    happy    friend    tradition    more    it There are lots of famous cities to visit in Henan. One of the most famous cities to visit 56 Luoyang, which lies in the west of Henan Province. Luoyang is the 57 starting point of the Silk Road in China. According to the records, since China’s first dynasty--the Xia Dynasty set up its capital here, Luoyang served as the capital city in different times by thirteen dynasties in China's history. Luoyang is known for 58 peonies (牡丹花). You can 59 the peony during the Peony Culture Festival of Luoyang China. The peony is elegant (典雅的) and beautiful. It is the symbol of wealth (财富), 60 and prosperity (繁荣). The Peony Culture Festival of Luoyang China is held every April. It also attracts a large number of international 61 . During the festival, people can learn 62 about what the peony culture of Luoyang is. What’s more, it is a good chance to show the 63 culture of Henan. And it can let people know how 64 the Henan people are. Every April, the roadsides, parks and gardens are 65 of peony flowers. People all over the city seem to be happy and excited to live in a sea of flowers. What a wonderful city Luoyang is! 【答案】 56．is 57．eastern 58．its 59．enjoy 60．happiness 61．visitors 62．more 63．traditional 64．friendly 65．full 【导语】本文介绍了洛阳是一个值得参观的城市，也介绍了洛阳的一些著名景点和特色。 56．句意：洛阳是最著名的旅游城市之一，它位于河南省的西部。根据“One of the most famous cities”以及“Luoyang”可知指的最著名的旅游城市之一是洛阳，该句是一般现在时，备选词be的单数形式is符合题意。故填is。 57．句意：洛阳是中国丝绸之路的东方起点。east意为“东方”，此处用形容词eastern修饰。故填eastern。 58．句意：洛阳以牡丹花而闻名。根据“peonies (牡丹花)”可知洛阳以“它的”牡丹花闻名，备选词it的形容词性物主代词its“它的”符合题意。故填its。 59．句意：你可以在中国洛阳的牡丹文化节期间欣赏牡丹。根据“the peony during the Peony Culture Festival of Luoyang China.”可知是你可以欣赏牡丹，备选词enjoy“欣赏”符合语境，设空处前有情态动词can，因此填动词原形。故填enjoy。 60．句意：它是财富、幸福和繁荣的象征。根据“and prosperity (繁荣). ”以及“wealth”可知设空处与这两个名词是并列关系，备选词happy符合语境，此处用名词happiness“幸福”，为不可数名词。故填happiness。 61．句意：它也吸引了大量的国际游客。根据“It also attracts a large number of international”可知是这个文化节吸引了大量的国际游客，备选词visit为动词，其名词形式visitor“游客”符合语境，填复数名词泛指类别。故填visitors。 62．句意：在节日期间，人们可以更多地了解洛阳的牡丹文化。根据“people can learn”以及备选词汇可知，可以表达为更多的了解洛阳的牡丹文化，备选词more“更多的”符合语境。故填more。 63．句意：更重要的是，这是一个展示河南传统文化的好机会。根据“culture of Henan”以及备选词汇可知，这里可表达为展示河南传统文化，备选词tradition的形容词traditional“传统的”符合语境，作前置定语修饰culture。故填traditional。 64．句意：它可以让人们知道河南人是多么的友好。根据“the Henan people are.”可知是说河南人多么友好，备选词friend的形容词friendly“友好的”符合语境。故填friendly。 65．句意：每年四月，路边、公园和花园里都开满了牡丹花。根据“the roadsides, parks and gardens”以及“of peony flowers”可知是到处都开满了花，结合备选词汇，full可构成短语be full of“充满”。故填full。 三、重点短语 1. spend one’s holidays 度假 2. take music lessons 上音乐课 3. visit some ancient buildings 参观古老的建筑 4. go to the mountains 去上山 5. visit my grandparents 拜访我的祖父母 6. go to a festival 参加节庆活动 7. go to a summer camp 参加夏令营 8. Mount Huangshan 黄山 9. *Guest-Greeting Pine 迎客松 10. *Sea of Clouds 云海 11. go back to 返回，回到 12. at the festival 在节日中，在节日庆典上 13. go on holiday / vacation 度假 14. do something interesting 做有趣的事 15. the Great Wall 长城 16. in the mountains 在山里 17. stay in the old town 待在古镇里 18. a few 一些，几个 19. *take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝 20. take photos 拍照 21. *steamed chicken soup 汽锅鸡 22. stay at home 待在家 23. play games 玩游戏 24. go anywhere interesting 去了某个有趣的地方 25. nothing special 没什么特别事 26. have a fantastic holiday 假期愉快 27. not too bad 还不错 28. summer holiday 暑假 29. on one’s holiday 在某人的假期中 30. have a wonderful experience 有美好的经历 31. a silk scarf 一条丝巾 32. You’re welcome. 不用谢，不客气。 33. rain heavily 下大雨 34. arrive at the town 到达镇上 35. *nothing but 只有；只是 36. *ready to do sth. 准备好做某事；马上要做某事 37. said an excited voice 激动地说 38. so...that... 如此...以至于... 39. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 40. close to 靠近 41. *stand up 站起来 42. walk towards the windows 朝窗户走去 43. a beautiful double rainbow 美丽的双彩虹 44. across the sky 横跨天空 1. on the last day 在最后一天 2. make a noise 发出响声 3. *turn around 转身；翻转 4. run home 跑回家 5. *look for 寻找 6. hope to do 希望做某事 【即学即练】 完成句子。 1. 古代的建筑看起来很壮观。 The ______ buildings look very magnificent. 2. 我们在度假营里玩得很开心。 We had a great time in the ______. 3. 站在广场上，你可以看到美丽的风景。 Standing in the ______, you can see the beautiful ______. 4. 数以千计的人来到这里观看演出。 ______ ______ people come here to watch the performance. 5. 这个舒适的旅馆让我们感觉像在家一样。 The ______ hotel makes us feel like at home. 6. 他的话使我想起了我的童年。 His words ______ me ______ my childhood. 7. 我们在阳光下度过了一个愉快的下午。 We spent a happy afternoon ______ ______ ______. 8. 当他转身时，他看到了一只鹿。 When he ______ ______, he saw a deer. 9. 这座塔有很长的历史。 This ______ has a long history. 10. 我们可能会去苏格兰度假。 We ______ go to Scotland for ______. 【答案】1. ancient 2. camp 3. square; landscape 4. Thousands of 5. comfortable 6. remind; of 7. in the sun 8. turned around 9. tower 10. might; vacation 四、重点句型 1、visited some ancient buildings/visited my grandparents 参观了一些古建筑/看望了我的祖父母 【详解】（1）作动词 2、The landscape there was amazing. 那里的风景令人惊叹。 3、Where did Emma go on vacation/holiday? 艾玛去哪里度假了？ 4、Did you do anything special ?你做了什么特别的事情吗？ 5、How great it was!那真是太棒了 6、We stayed in the old town for a few days.我们在老城区待了几天。 7、It just took my breath away.它让我惊呆了 8、Everything tasted great, especially the steamed chicken soup.一切都很好吃，尤其是蒸鸡汤。 9、I just stayed at home to read, play games and relax.我只待在家里看书、玩游戏和放松。 10、We had a wonderful experience.我们经历了一段美好的时光。 11、I got you something as a gift.我给你买了一份礼物 12、It rained heavily when I arrived at the town, so I could do nothing but stay in the hotel.当我到达小镇时，雨下得很大，我只能待在酒店里。 13、Someone had left a book in my room, and that was exactly what I needed.有人在我房间里留下了一本书，这正是我所需要的。 14、The bed was comfortable.床很舒服 15、Everyone was ready to find somewhere to go.大家都准备好去某个地方了。 16、I was so bored that I decided to find something to read. 我感到非常无聊，决定找点东西读。 17、I stood up and walked towards the window.我站起来走向窗户。 18、I decided to visit a town close to my city.我决定去访问一个离我城市很近的小镇。 19、The Russian people built this museum to remember their fight against the Nazis during World War II.俄罗斯人 民建造了这座博物馆，以纪念他们在第二次世界大战中与纳粹的斗争。 20、In one hall, I saw an artwork with thousands of glass “tears” falling down.在一个大厅里，我看到了一件艺术作品，上面有成千上万的玻璃“眼泪”垂落下来。 21、It reminds us that war is terrible and peace does not come easily.它提醒我们战争是可怕的，和平并不容易获得。 22、I didn’t feel like eating because I felt sick.我感觉不舒服，所以没有胃口。 23、We were so happy that we didn’t notice the time.我们太开心了，以至于没有注意到时间。 24、It was such a good experience. 那是一次很好的经历。 25、Don’t spend too much time on holiday shopping, or you might easily go over budget.不要在假期购物上花费太多时间，否则很容易超出预算。 26、I’m getting a little forgetful these days.我最近有点健忘。 【即学即练】 一、单项选择。 1．— ________ honest boy you are ! —Thank you! A．What an B．What a C．How D．How an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你是多么诚实的一个男孩啊！——谢谢你！ 考查感叹句。根据“...honest boy you are”可知，本句符合“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓”的感叹句结构，结合honest为元音音素开头的单词，所以不定冠词用an。故选A。 2.—Is your sister ill? —Don’t worry. It’s _______, only a little cold. A．serious anything B．nothing serious C．serious nothing D．anything serious 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的妹妹生病了吗？——不用担心。不严重，只是有一点感冒。 考查代词辨析和定语后置。nothing什么都没有；anything任何事；serious严重的，形容词。根据语境，此处表示不严重，只是有一点感冒，nothing符合语境；形容词修饰不定代词，置于代词之后。故选B。 3.We have ________ time left before the meeting, so sit down and have a rest. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 【答案】C 【详解】句意：开会前我们还有一点时间，所以坐下来休息一下吧。 考查代词辨析。a few一些，少许，修饰可数名词复数；few很少，不多，修饰可数名词复数；a little有一点，修饰不可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。根据“so sit down and have a rest”可知，还有一点时间可以休息，time是不可数名词。故选C。 4.He is always ready ______ others. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他总是乐于助人。 考查非谓语动词。be ready to do sth.“准备好做某事”。故选B。 5.Dale, please remind me ________ the windows after school. I’m so forgetful now. A．to closing B．closing C．close D．to close 【答案】D 【详解】句意：戴尔，放学后请提醒我关窗户。我现在很健忘。 考查非谓语动词。根据“please remind me”可知，考查remind sb to do sth“提醒某人做某事”，因此设空处填不定式。故选D。 6.When I arrived home, I noticed my sister ________ with her toys. A．plays B．played C．to play D．playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我到家时，我注意到妹妹正在玩她的玩具。 考查非谓语动词。“notice sb. doing sth.”是一个固定用法，表示“注意到某人正在做某事”。根据句子“When I arrived home, I noticed my sister...”，这里强调到家的时候妹妹正在做的事情。故选D。 二、完成句子 1．那时候，晚上除了看电视没事可做。 There was nothing but TV in the evening at that time. 【答案】to do watch 【解析】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“除了看 (电视无事) 可做”；根据英文题干和汉语提示可知，此处考查nothing to do but do“除了……没事可做”，应用动词不定式作后置定语，but“除了”前有实义动词do，but后加动词原形watch“观看”。故填to；do；watch。 2．塔斯马尼亚位于澳大利亚南端。它以自然风景而闻名。 In the south end of Australia is Tasmania. It its natural scenery. 【答案】 is famous for 【解析】对照中英文可知，缺少“以……而闻名”，用be famous for。描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为It，be动词用is。故填is；famous；for。 3.当我们终于找到它时, 这座寺庙的建筑令我们惊叹不已。 When we finally found it, the buildings of the temple ____ _____ _____ _____. 【答案】took our breath away 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，take one’s break away“把呼吸带走”，实际含义是“使某人惊叹；使某人陶醉”。故填took our breath away。 4 .的寺庙尤其安静, 这让我们感到很舒服。 The temple at night was _______ quiet and made us feel _______. 【答案】especially; comfortable 【解析】根据中英文对照可知，especially“尤其”，comfortable“感到舒服”。故填especially; comfortable。 他们此刻在忙着打扫卫生。 5.They are busy right now. 【答案】 doing some cleaning 【详解】do some cleaning“打扫卫生”，be busy doing sth“忙着做某事”。故填doing；some；cleaning。 6．当我们出国时，我们应该带上我们的护照。 When we go abroad, we are supposed to bring our . 【答案】passports 【详解】护照：passport，根据“bring our...”可知此处用名词复数。故填passports。 7．当我遇到他的时候，他总是对我微笑。 When I meet him, he always me. 【答案】 smiles at 【详解】“对某人微笑”smile at sb，主语是he，时态是一般现在时，所以谓语动词用三单形式，故填smiles；at。 8．我认为和朋友们分享兴趣爱好很重要。 I think it is to interests and hobbies with friends. 【答案】 important share 【详解】结合中英文提示可知，该句缺“重要的”、“分享”。分析句子结构可知，该句think引导的宾语从句中it为形式主语，此处考查“it’s+adj. to do sth.做某事……”，应用形容词important“重要的”作宾语从句中的表语；动词share表示“分享”，不定式符号to后应用其动词原形；“to share…hobbies”作真正的主语。故填important；share。 9．山顶上坐落着一座拥有一千多年历史的古塔。 On the top of the hill stood a(n) with a history of more than 1, 000 years. 【答案】ancient tower/old tower 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“古塔”的英文内容。“古代的”英文为“ancient”或“old”，是形容词作定语修饰“tower”；“塔”英文为“tower”。“古塔”即“ancient/old tower”。此处前有不定冠词，因此使用单数形式。故填ancient/old tower。 10．我们准备好参加明天的考试了。 We are tomorrow’s exam. 【答案】 ready for 【详解】对比题干可知，be ready for为……做好准备，是固定搭配。故填ready；for。 三、选词填空 短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确、通顺（每词限用一次）。 beautiful  before  decide  during  enjoy  fast  final  five  fly  run  they  two Summer is a great time for us to relax and be close to nature. This year our family 42 to go to the hill for a summer trip. It is one of the 43 places in India for its natural beauty. After a long discussion, we 44 chose it. We planned the trip for 45 days. On the morning of the first day, we 46 there. We had some food on the plane so we weren’t hungry. In the afternoon we went shopping in a street and we enjoyed the wonderful nightlife there. The next day, we traveled on a toy train. It 47 from KalKa to Shimla. There are only 3 such trains in India, and one of 48 is here. It was funny to travel on the train although it didn’t go 49 than a bike. We spent the next three days visiting other places. We tried some snow sports in these places and we really 50 the natural beauty. 51 all these days filled with activities to do, we always got tired in the evening. But the nightlife there or just looking at the stars in the sky made us happy and excited. 【答案】 42．decided 43．most beautiful 44．finally 45．five 46．flew 47．runs 48．them 49．faster 50．enjoyed 51．During 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家去印度的山丘度假的经历。 42．句意：今年我们家决定去山里进行一次夏日旅行。根据语境可知，此处表示做出去山里旅行的决定，decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”，且事情发生在过去，所以用decide的过去式 decided。故填decided。 43．句意：因其自然美景，它是印度最美的地方之一。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，beautiful的最高级是most beautiful，故填most beautiful。 44．句意：经过长时间的讨论，我们最终选择了它。此空修饰动词chose，需要用副词，finally意为“最终”，符合语境，即经过讨论最终做出选择，故填finally。 45．句意：我们计划这次旅行为期五天。根据下文提到第一天做了什么，第二天做了什么，以及“the next three days”可知，总共旅行的天数是五天，所以用基数词five。故填five。 46．句意：第一天早上，我们乘飞机去了那里。根据后一句“We had some food on the plane so we weren’t hungry.”可知，是乘坐飞机去的，fly表示“飞行”，事情发生在过去，所以用fly的过去式flew。故填flew。 47．句意：它（玩具火车）从卡尔卡开往西姆拉。这里描述的是玩具火车的运行路线，句子陈述的是一般事实，用一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数，所以run要用第三人称单数形式runs。故填runs。 48．句意：在印度只有3列这样的火车，其中一列就在这里。of是介词，后接宾格形式，这里指代前文提到的“3 such trains”，所以用them。故填them。 49．句意：乘坐这列火车旅行很有趣，尽管它跑得并不比自行车快。根据“than”可知，这里要用比较级，fast的比较级是faster，表示“比……更快”，故填faster。 50．句意：我们在这些地方尝试了一些雪上运动，我们真的很享受那里的自然美景。根据语境可知，这里表示享受自然美景，且事情发生在过去，所以用enjoy的过去式enjoyed。故填enjoyed。 51．句意：在这些充满活动的日子里，我们晚上总是感到疲惫。during表示“在……期间”，这里指在这五天旅行期间，句首单词首字母大写，故填During。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 重点词汇、词性转换、词义辨析、重难点句型（讲义） 一、单词梳理 名词（n.）： holiday 假期 cookies 曲奇饼 vacation 假期；休假 sunrise 日出 lesson 课程 activity 活动 festival 节日 landscape 风景 experience 经历；经验 bread 面包 scenery 风景 town 城镇 gift 礼物；天赋 dish 一道菜；碟；盘 silk 丝绸 breath 呼吸 scarf 围巾 rainbow 彩虹 California 加利福尼亚州（美国一个州） peace 和平 country 国家 Moscow 莫斯科 hall 大厅 Russia 俄罗斯 tear 泪水 Nazis 纳粹 war 战争 glass 玻璃 artwork 艺术作品 noon 中午 metro 地铁 palace 宫殿 station 站 accordion 手风琴 group 团体 square 广场 tour 旅游 passport 护照 budget 预算 sight 景点 autumn 秋天 countryside 乡村 Scotland 苏格兰 example 例子 forest 森林 noise 噪音 deer 鹿 tower 塔 动词（v.）： relax 放松 camp 露营 stand 站立 hike 远足 remember 记住 enjoy 享受；喜爱 build 建造 forget 忘记 fight 战斗 fall 跌落 remind 提醒 feel 感觉 seem 似乎 explore 探索 形容词（adj.）: amazing 奇妙的 fantastic 极好的 strange 奇怪的 special 特别的 ancient 古老的 beautiful 美丽的 terrible 可怕的 interesting 有趣的 excellent 极好的 comfortable 舒适的 boring 令人无聊的 relaxing 令人放松的 relaxed 放松的 famous 著名的 fresh 新鲜的 wonderful 精彩的；绝妙的；令人高兴的； fine 好的 cool 凉快的，酷的 sick 生病的 better 更好的 such 这样的 forgetful 健忘的 different 不同的 regular 规律的 surprised 惊讶的 faraway 遥远的 huge 巨大的 early 早的 副词（adv.） exactly 确切地；准确地 still 还；仍然 easily 容易地 really 真正地, 非常 there 那里 together 一起 just 只是，仅仅 probably 可能地 soon 不久 介词（prep.） towards 向；朝着；趋向 across 穿过；在……对面during 在……期间 inside 在……内部 against 反对，紧靠，在……相反 around 周围through 通过 beside 在……旁边 连词（conj.)： while 当……时候，而 however 虽然 兼词： taste n.味道，v.品尝 ready v.为……做准备adj.准备好的 double n.双倍，adj.双倍的 Russian adj. 俄罗斯的，俄罗斯人的;n.俄罗斯人，俄语 near v. 靠近； adj. 近的；adv. 在附近，几乎，差不多 guide v. 指导，给某人领路；n. 指南，导游，手册 sleep v.＆n. 睡觉 rain v.下雨； n. 雨 travel v.＆n. 旅行 notice v. 注意，留意到；n. 通知，注意，告示 worry v.＆n. 担心 smile v.＆n. 微笑 mind v.介意；n. 心智，大脑，心思 rest v.＆n. 休息 hope v.＆n. 希望 【即学即练】 1、 根据所给汉语和首字母完成单词。 1. A beautiful b______ (彩虹) often appears in the sky after heavy rain. 2. I want to visit Shanghai for v______ (度假) because I want to visit the Oriental Pearl Tower. 3. Every year, thousands of tourists come to visit the Lijiang A______ (古老的) Town. 4. — What did Tom do last week? — He went c______ (野营) with his friends. 5. In winter, most people like to wear s______ (围巾) to keep warm when they go out. 6.He wanted to be a g (导游) so he could travel around. 7. For the Spring Festival , I' ll make a b (预算) for our family. 8. Tom is tall and strong but he never f (打架) with others. 9. Our school's basketball team has won several v (胜利) in the recent competitions. 10. We visited Tian’ anmen S (广场) and then walked to the P (宫殿) Museum. Both places were really cool! 11．Tom wants to be a doctor and save (生病的) people. 12．The ancient (塔) still stands after centuries. 13．My uncle came to visit us from a place f (遥远的) away. 14．Taking (有规律的) exercise, eating a healthy diet and getting enough sleep are all the things that can help you. 15．Mr. Zhang has been teaching for more than 20 years, so he has rich teaching e . 16．To his surprise, the book has round, not s corners. 17．It’s really difficult for us to describe the beauty of the s in the mountains. 18．The song “Take My (breathe) Away” sounds really good. 19．The photos r me of my parents in the countryside. 20．After years of fighting with other countries, all the people in that country hope to live in p . 二、词形变换 camp (n./v.) camper (n.) 露营者 strange (adj.) strangely (adv.) 奇怪地 stranger (n.) 陌生人 breath (n.) breathe (v.) 呼吸 breathless (adj.) 气喘吁吁的 especially (adv.) especial (adj.) 特别的 comfortable (adj.) comfortably (adv.) 舒适地 comfort (v.) 安慰 bored (adj.) boring (adj.) 无聊的（修饰物） victory (n.) victories (复数) 胜利 Russian (n./adj.) Russia (n.) 俄罗斯 fight (n./v.) fighter (n.) 战士 artwork (n.) artist (n.) 艺术家 art (n.) 艺术 peace (n.) peaceful (adj.) 和平的 peacefully (adv.) 平静地 easily (adv.) easy (adj.) 容易的 uneasy (adj.) 不安的 forget (v.) forgettable (adj.) 易忘的 forgetful (adj.) 健忘的 forgetfulness (n.) 健忘 sick (adj.) ill (adj.) 生病的（同义） regular (adj.) regularly (adv.) 有规律地 surprised (adj.) surprising (adj.) 令人惊讶的（修饰物） 一、用所给词的正确的形式填空。 1. They ______ (camp) by the lake last weekend. 2. The ______ (bore) movie made me fall asleep. 3. It's ______ (strange) that he knows everything about me. 4. We saw a lot of beautiful ______ (landscape) on the trip. 5. The ______ (Russia) food is very delicious. 6. I ______ (forget) to bring my homework this morning. 7. The ______ (scarf) is very beautiful. I want to buy it. 8. The ______ (guide) will take us to visit the palace. 9. The hotel is ______ (comfort) and clean. 10. There are many ______ (deer) in the forest. 11. He is a ______ (regular) customer in this restaurant. 12. We are ______ (surprise) to hear the news. 13. The ______ (artwork) in the museum are very valuable. 14. They ______ (get together) to celebrate the festival. 15. The ______ (budget) for this trip is not enough. 二、阅读下面的短文,用方框中所给单词的正确形式填空, 每空填一个单词,使短文通顺、完整。 full    visit    be    east    enjoy    happy    friend    tradition    more    it There are lots of famous cities to visit in Henan. One of the most famous cities to visit 56 Luoyang, which lies in the west of Henan Province. Luoyang is the 57 starting point of the Silk Road in China. According to the records, since China’s first dynasty--the Xia Dynasty set up its capital here, Luoyang served as the capital city in different times by thirteen dynasties in China's history. Luoyang is known for 58 peonies (牡丹花). You can 59 the peony during the Peony Culture Festival of Luoyang China. The peony is elegant (典雅的) and beautiful. It is the symbol of wealth (财富), 60 and prosperity (繁荣). The Peony Culture Festival of Luoyang China is held every April. It also attracts a large number of international 61 . During the festival, people can learn 62 about what the peony culture of Luoyang is. What’s more, it is a good chance to show the 63 culture of Henan. And it can let people know how 64 the Henan people are. Every April, the roadsides, parks and gardens are 65 of peony flowers. People all over the city seem to be happy and excited to live in a sea of flowers. What a wonderful city Luoyang is! 三、重点短语 1. spend one’s holidays 度假 2. take music lessons 上音乐课 3. visit some ancient buildings 参观古老的建筑 4. go to the mountains 去上山 5. visit my grandparents 拜访我的祖父母 6. go to a festival 参加节庆活动 7. go to a summer camp 参加夏令营 8. Mount Huangshan 黄山 9. *Guest-Greeting Pine 迎客松 10. *Sea of Clouds 云海 11. go back to 返回，回到 12. at the festival 在节日中，在节日庆典上 13. go on holiday / vacation 度假 14. do something interesting 做有趣的事 15. the Great Wall 长城 16. in the mountains 在山里 17. stay in the old town 待在古镇里 18. a few 一些，几个 19. *take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹；让人叹绝 20. take photos 拍照 21. *steamed chicken soup 汽锅鸡 22. stay at home 待在家 23. play games 玩游戏 24. go anywhere interesting 去了某个有趣的地方 25. nothing special 没什么特别事 26. have a fantastic holiday 假期愉快 27. not too bad 还不错 28. summer holiday 暑假 29. on one’s holiday 在某人的假期中 30. have a wonderful experience 有美好的经历 31. a silk scarf 一条丝巾 32. You’re welcome. 不用谢，不客气。 33. rain heavily 下大雨 34. arrive at the town 到达镇上 35. *nothing but 只有；只是 36. *ready to do sth. 准备好做某事；马上要做某事 37. said an excited voice 激动地说 38. so...that... 如此...以至于... 39. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 40. close to 靠近 41. *stand up 站起来 42. walk towards the windows 朝窗户走去 43. a beautiful double rainbow 美丽的双彩虹 44. across the sky 横跨天空 1. on the last day 在最后一天 2. make a noise 发出响声 3. *turn around 转身；翻转 4. run home 跑回家 5. *look for 寻找 6. hope to do 希望做某事 【即学即练】 完成句子。 1. 古代的建筑看起来很壮观。 The ______ buildings look very magnificent. 2. 我们在度假营里玩得很开心。 We had a great time in the ______. 3. 站在广场上，你可以看到美丽的风景。 Standing in the ______, you can see the beautiful ______. 4. 数以千计的人来到这里观看演出。 ______ ______ people come here to watch the performance. 5. 这个舒适的旅馆让我们感觉像在家一样。 The ______ hotel makes us feel like at home. 6. 他的话使我想起了我的童年。 His words ______ me ______ my childhood. 7. 我们在阳光下度过了一个愉快的下午。 We spent a happy afternoon ______ ______ ______. 8. 当他转身时，他看到了一只鹿。 When he ______ ______, he saw a deer. 9. 这座塔有很长的历史。 This ______ has a long history. 10. 我们可能会去苏格兰度假。 We ______ go to Scotland for ______. 四、重点句型 1、visited some ancient buildings/visited my grandparents 参观了一些古建筑/看望了我的祖父母 2、The landscape there was amazing. 那里的风景令人惊叹。 3、Where did Emma go on vacation/holiday? 艾玛去哪里度假了？ 4、Did you do anything special ?你做了什么特别的事情吗？ 5、How great it was!那真是太棒了 6、We stayed in the old town for a few days.我们在老城区待了几天。 7、It just took my breath away.它让我惊呆了 8、Everything tasted great, especially the steamed chicken soup.一切都很好吃，尤其是蒸鸡汤。 9、I just stayed at home to read, play games and relax.我只待在家里看书、玩游戏和放松。 10、We had a wonderful experience.我们经历了一段美好的时光。 11、I got you something as a gift.我给你买了一份礼物 12、It rained heavily when I arrived at the town, so I could do nothing but stay in the hotel.当我到达小镇时，雨下得很大，我只能待在酒店里。 13、Someone had left a book in my room, and that was exactly what I needed.有人在我房间里留下了一本书，这正是我所需要的。 14、The bed was comfortable.床很舒服 15、Everyone was ready to find somewhere to go.大家都准备好去某个地方了。 16、I was so bored that I decided to find something to read. 我感到非常无聊，决定找点东西读。 17、I stood up and walked towards the window.我站起来走向窗户。 18、I decided to visit a town close to my city.我决定去访问一个离我城市很近的小镇。 19、The Russian people built this museum to remember their fight against the Nazis during World War II.俄罗斯人 民建造了这座博物馆，以纪念他们在第二次世界大战中与纳粹的斗争。 20、In one hall, I saw an artwork with thousands of glass “tears” falling down.在一个大厅里，我看到了一件艺术作品，上面有成千上万的玻璃“眼泪”垂落下来。 21、It reminds us that war is terrible and peace does not come easily.它提醒我们战争是可怕的，和平并不容易获得。 22、I didn’t feel like eating because I felt sick.我感觉不舒服，所以没有胃口。 23、We were so happy that we didn’t notice the time.我们太开心了，以至于没有注意到时间。 24、It was such a good experience. 那是一次很好的经历。 25、Don’t spend too much time on holiday shopping, or you might easily go over budget.不要在假期购物上花费太多时间，否则很容易超出预算。 26、I’m getting a little forgetful these days.我最近有点健忘。 【即学即练】 一、单项选择。 1．— ________ honest boy you are ! —Thank you! A．What an B．What a C．How D．How an 2.—Is your sister ill? —Don’t worry. It’s _______, only a little cold. A．serious anything B．nothing serious C．serious nothing D．anything serious 3.We have ________ time left before the meeting, so sit down and have a rest. A．a few B．few C．a little D．little 4.He is always ready ______ others. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 5.Dale, please remind me ________ the windows after school. I’m so forgetful now. A．to closing B．closing C．close D．to close 6.When I arrived home, I noticed my sister ________ with her toys. A．plays B．played C．to play D．playing 二、完成句子 1．那时候，晚上除了看电视没事可做。 There was nothing but TV in the evening at that time. 2．塔斯马尼亚位于澳大利亚南端。它以自然风景而闻名。 In the south end of Australia is Tasmania. It its natural scenery. 3.当我们终于找到它时, 这座寺庙的建筑令我们惊叹不已。 When we finally found it, the buildings of the temple ____ _____ _____ _____. 4 .的寺庙尤其安静, 这让我们感到很舒服。 The temple at night was _______ quiet and made us feel _______. 5.他们此刻在忙着打扫卫生。 They are busy right now. 6．当我们出国时，我们应该带上我们的护照。 When we go abroad, we are supposed to bring our . 7．当我遇到他的时候，他总是对我微笑。 When I meet him, he always me. 8．我认为和朋友们分享兴趣爱好很重要。 I think it is to interests and hobbies with friends. 9．山顶上坐落着一座拥有一千多年历史的古塔。 On the top of the hill stood a(n) with a history of more than 1, 000 years. 10．我们准备好参加明天的考试了。 We are tomorrow’s exam. 三、选词填空 短文填空。从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确、通顺（每词限用一次）。 beautiful  before  decide  during  enjoy  fast  final  five  fly  run  they  two Summer is a great time for us to relax and be close to nature. This year our family 42 to go to the hill for a summer trip. It is one of the 43 places in India for its natural beauty. After a long discussion, we 44 chose it. We planned the trip for 45 days. On the morning of the first day, we 46 there. We had some food on the plane so we weren’t hungry. In the afternoon we went shopping in a street and we enjoyed the wonderful nightlife there. The next day, we traveled on a toy train. It 47 from KalKa to Shimla. There are only 3 such trains in India, and one of 48 is here. It was funny to travel on the train although it didn’t go 49 than a bike. We spent the next three days visiting other places. We tried some snow sports in these places and we really 50 the natural beauty. 51 all these days filled with activities to do, we always got tired in the evening. But the nightlife there or just looking at the stars in the sky made us happy and excited. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$