精品解析：吉林省白城市洮南市第一中学2024-2025年高二下学期培优假班期测试英语试题

洮南一中培优班假期英语测试试题 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分 语法填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 1. You should pay attention to the rules ______ (make) by us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2. I rushed to the library, only ______ (find) that in front of the door sat a dog. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3. His parents died, ______ (leave) him an orphan. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4. ______ (absorb) in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5. The car ________ (repair) now is mine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6. The ______ (fall) leaves look like butterflies. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7. The meeting ______ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8. ______ (finish) his homework, he went to bed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9. Mary treats me as if she ________ (be) my sister. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10. Last year, a doctor advised she ______ (eat) more vegetables and fruits. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11. If she ________ (follow) the doctor’s advice, she wouldn’t be so fat now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12. ______ (be) I Mary, I would make a weight loss plan. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13. It is high time that she ______(change) her lifestyle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14. I wonder ______ you could help me fill out the form. (用适当的词填空) 15. Hardly had she tried to turn on one of the two taps above the sink ______ she noticed it didn’t work. (用适当的词填空) 16. Only when he is seriously ill ______ he ever stay in bed. (用适当的词填空) 17. ______ made her very sad was that she lost her necklace. (用适当的词填空) 18. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ________ I agree. (用适当的词填空) 19. No changes have taken place in the village. It remains ________ it used to be. (用适当的词填空) 20. Word came ______ Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature. (用适当的词填空) 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Scientists in Australia are testing printed solar panels to power a Tesla on a 15,100-kilometer (9,400-mile) journey beginning in September, which they hope will get the public thinking about steps to help prevent climate change. The Charge Around Australia (CAA) project will power a Tesla electric car with 18 of the team’s printed plastic solar panels, each 18 meters (59 feet) long, rolling them out beside the vehicle to absorb sunlight when it needs a charge. Paul Dastoor. the inventor of the printed solar panels, said the University of Newcastle team would be testing not only the endurance of the panels but their potential performance for other applications. “This is actually an ideal test bed to give us information about how we would go about using and powering technology in other remote locations, for example, in space,” Dastoor told Reuters in the town of Gosforth, north of Sydney. Printed solar is a lightweight, laminated (层压的) plastic that can be made at a cost of less than $10 a square meter. The panels are made on a commercial printer originally used for printing wine labels. Dastoor said using the panels to power a car would get Australians to think more about electric vehicles and could help ease their “range anxiety.” The community is seeking these sorts of answers to the problems it’s being faced with, day in, day out, around climate change. On their 84-day Tesla journey, the team plans to visit about 70 schools to give students a taste of what the future may hold. Asked what Elon Musk, creator of the Tesla car and founder of Tesla Inc TSLA. O, might say about the CAA project, Dastoor said he hoped he would be pleased. CAA was “showing how our innovative technology is now combining with his developments to develop new solutions for the planet”, Dastoor said. 21. What can we learn about the printed solar panel? A. It weighs a lot. B. It can be rolled and carried. C. It can be used at any time of a day. D. It has been applied to power gas cars. 22. What is “range anxiety” in Paragraph 5 probably about? A. The climate is getting worse. B. The solar panels are 100 long. C. The solar panels are expensive. D. The endurance of the panels is poor. 23. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Musk is pleased with the CAA project. B. Students are positive about their own future. C. The electric car lasts 84 days on a single charge. D. The CCA team and Musk are making efforts for climate changes. B British chip maker Walkers is being flooded with mail deliveries of its own packaging. An online petition (请愿) with more than 312,000 signatures so far urges signers to mail their empty chip plastic bags to Walkers as an act of protest against the bags’ non-recyclable design. As petition organizer Geraint Ashcroft explained, the majority of chip packets, made from metallized plastic, are not recyclable and have been found fully undamaged up to 33 years after consumption. The UK alone consumes 6 billion bags of chips a year, and Walkers turns out 11 million bags daily. Ashcroft wrote, “At today’s consumption rate in 33 years’ time, there will be 200 billion packets either sent to landfill or polluting our oceans. Many will be eaten by animals fish or birds leading to a slow death.” Mailing the bags to Walkers is a way to hold the company accountable for its packaging and to pressure it to come up with a better design. Because Walkers has what’s known as a’Freepost’ address,the Royal Mail postal service is obligated (有义务的) to deliver anything that is addressed correctly — even if it’s an empty chip bag. But it is controversial. Royal Mail isn’t happy about it,asking people to put their chip bags in an envelope to help with ease of delivery. Critics on Twitter question the logic of buying a product in order to protest against its producer and suggest that giving up chips altogether would improve one’s health as well as the environment. Walkers issued a statement on Wednesday, saying it will make its packaging plastic-free by 2025.“We have received some returned packets and recognized the efforts being made to bring the issue of packaging waste to our attention. The returned packets will be used in our research as we work towards our commitment of improving the recyclability of our packaging.” 24. Why do people mail their empty chip bags to Walkers? A. To make Walkers use them once more. B. To exchange them for some new chips. C. To object to Walkers’ plastic packaging. D. To appeal to people for not using the bags. 25. What does the second paragraph mainly show? A. The harm of chip bags. B. The organization of the petition. C. The production of plastic bags. D. The opinion of Geraint Ashcroft. 26. What is the underlined word“accountable”in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Explainable. B. Responsible. C. Essential. D. Anxious. 27. How does Walkers react to the campaign? A. Doubtfully. B. Oppositely. C. Cautiously. D. Positively. C Satellites are already in use for so many purposes today — from weather forecasting to communications, GPS, and more. Since the late 1970s, satellites such as the European Space Agency’s (ESA) CryoSat-2 and the US Space Agency’s ICESat-2, have also been used to monitor changes in the Arctic sea ice. Data suggests that sea ice is thinning over time due to climate change. Over the last 40 years, the extent of Arctic ice cover has been declining at a rate of 13% per decade. However, existing ways of measurement do not provide a clear and continuous picture of the state of sea ice. These satellites use special radar or laser-based altimeter instruments (雷达或激光测高仪). Sea ice thickness is then calculated as the difference between the height of the ice and the top of the water (ice level—sea level). This method works well during the winter months. Unfortunately, satellite-based sea ice thickness measurements are inaccurate during the summer months: the time of the year with the greatest melting. This melting creates a pool of liquid water on the surface. As a result, the simple calculation (ice level—sea level) does not work as radar systems are unable to differentiate between ocean water and ice, thus making measurements inaccurate. Last September, scientists developed a new method to tackle this age-old issue. The new method combined computer modeling and satellite data to predict ice thickness — all year round. The research team led by Jack Landy, a scientist at the University of Tromsø (The Arctic University of Norway), used the new method to distinguish between seawater and ice. The researchers built a model of the radar system’s predicted data and cross-referenced these values to those collected by a satellite. This model allows the researchers to obtain accurate, year-round Arctic sea ice thickness data. According to Dr. Michel Tsamados from University College London, the new advanced climate model “will improve both the short-term forecasts for the weather at the mid-latitudes (中纬度地区) and the long-term forecasts that show what climate we will have in the future.” 28. What does the satellite data tell us? A. The Arctic ice will no longer exist in four decades. B. Sea ice cover is melting at a rate of 13% per year. C. The ESA’s satellites provide clearer pictures. D. Sea ice is becoming increasingly thinner. 29. What makes the ice level to sea level measurements inaccurate? A. Inaction of the laser-based altimeter instruments in summer. B. Radar systems’ inability to distinguish seawater from ice. C There being technical difficulty calculating the height of the ice. D. There being no way to consistently detect melt pools on ice. 30. What does the new method aim to do? A. Provide accurate forecasts for the weather. B. Replace satellites in monitoring sea ice changes. C. Get a reliable summertime record of sea ice thickness. D. Test the efficiency of machine learning in climate change. 31. What does Dr. Michel Tsamados think of the new model? A. It will be useful in different ways. B. It will prove environmentally friendly. C. It has a short-term impact on climate research. D. It needs improvement to predict the Arctic’s future. D Eugene Newman Parker, a leading figure in heliospheric(日球层的) physics for the past half century, passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar. 15. He was 94. Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics, Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker. In 2018, Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor. Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”, a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun. It can become violent, causing space weather that impacts the Earth. When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空), and was thus completely empty of any matter. But, there were no errors in his study or his calculations, and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962, when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted. That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers: “If you do something new or innovative expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you’re wrong, you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co-authored a paper with his students, thus urging them to be independent. Parker was humble, straightforward, and wise. His son Eric said, “My sister Joyce and I didn’t get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker’s death, they traveled to Lund, Sweden, to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy. 32. What can we learn from the second paragraph? A. A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker. B. The sun has less effects on Earth than expected. C. Parker deserved credit for his great contributions. D. NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect. 33. Why did people view Parker’s theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first? A. It went against the popular opinion at that time. B. Some mistakes were found in his calculations. C. The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA. D. Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets. 34 What did Parker suggest young researchers do? A. seek close cooperation B. avoid high expectations C. learn by trial and error D. compete against others 35. What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage? A. straightforward and generous B. responsible and accessible C. intelligent yet conservative D. distinguished yet modest 第二节 七选五 On the court, the catwalk, or at the club or corner store, sneakers (or trainers, or sports shoes, or whatever you might call them) seem to include every form, function and fantasy—across sport, fashion, art, movies and music. ____36____ “What appealed to me was to tell the story of sneakers in a design context as they are common everyday designed objects that have taken on such great meaning in many people’s lives，” says Ligaya Salazar, the curator of Sneakers Unboxed. ____37____ And, in the process, the community has developed its own identity separate from the fashion community at large. Clearly, there’s something here that draws people in, so what makes these shoes so popular? “I think it’s true that a lot of people just buy expensive shoes because they look cool,” Professor Joshua Hoang from Eleanor Roosevelt College said. “However, I also think that there are a lot of people who feel a deeper connection with their shoes.” For many “sneakerheads”, shoes aren’t just about how they look or feel. ____38____ Today, most shoes become meaningful through their association with a well-known star. ____39____ This business strategy has become a main part. However, clear boundaries are hard to draw, as there are simply too many different kinds of fans now that the culture has become mainstream. This has also led to unimaginable high prices to some of the rare or super-limited shoes, which is very likely to create an unhealthy atmosphere among their biggest fan club: The youth. And special editions have driven up prices of some common models as well, drawing complaints from ordinary customers.____40____ A. Every shoe has a story, something that people remember it by. B. No one knows why it is so sudden that the young are fond of sneakers. C. They said that it’s hard to get a pair of normal shoes for an affordable price. D. However, the prices of sneakers have become a standard to compare with other teens. E. Over several decades, sneakers have sealed their social standings as a pop-culture currency. F. The hobby of collecting expensive sneakers has grown from being a subculture to mainstream. G. Many basketball players like Kobe Bryant and James Harden have received their own shoe line. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） When I was 14, I invited some friends for a party at our home out in the country. I planned it well, but something ____41____ happened. When it was time for us to ride the bus, Nora, one of my friends, didn’t ____42____ I felt ____43____ Why would she tell me she’d come to the party and then ____44____ without letting me know? So, I decided to call Nora and get some ____45____, I needed no apologies but I demanded to know why. Nora ____46____ she had to stay away from school because she was sick. Anger still seized me and I ____47____ to listen, “What kind of friend are you?”Nora began crying on the phone, hurt and surprised. For the rest of the school year, we ____48____ hung around again, and I forgot about my ____49____ call with Nora. _____50_____ had happened between us at some point, but I shrugged(抖肩)it off. Years later, I began to reflect on that ugly phone conversation. Now, I _____51_____ it. I recognized how selfish, and _____52_____ I’d been, caring only about myself. I wanted to make things _____53_____. I composed an apology letter to Nora and soon got her _____54_____ So finally, we did bring a sad moment from the past to a _____55_____ conclusion, healing both of us. 41. A. unexpected B. unproven C. unfair D. unsure 42. A. take over B. show off C. turn up D. set out 43. A. guilty B. mad C. embarrassed D. skeptical 44. A. reach out B. step forward C. look away D. back out 45. A. answers B. comfort C. expectations D. company 46. A. explained B. announced C. predicted D. complained 47. A. attempted B. intended C. refused D. pretended 48 A. merely B. barely C. regularly D. frequently 49. A. urgent B. formal C. random D. hurtful 50. A. Quarrel B. Friendship C. Tolerance D. Disagreement 51. A. regretted B. ignored C. remembered D. honored 52. A. self-disciplined B. self-centered C. self-respected D. self-contained 53. A. accessible B. easy C. right D. valuable 54. A. decision B. sympathy C. information D. forgiveness 55. A. serious B. strange C. healthy D. natural 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 ChatGPT netted 1 million users in 5 days. For ____56____ (compare), it, reportedly, took Instagram 2.5 months to reach the same number of users. Pretty wild! ChatGPT Generative Pre- trained Transformer, is a chatbot ____57____ (launch) by OpenAI in November 2022. ____58____ (specific) designed to interact in a conversational way, it works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions. Once orders ____59____ (input), it is capable of understanding the context of conversations and responding to a wide range of requests in a natural and ____60____ (engage) way. It mimics (模仿) human-like responses with AI-generated contents ____61____ assists people with tasks like writing essays, making business proposals, creating poems and even checking for program bugs. The outputs are amazingly varied ____62____ (depend) on who is writing the orders. Every coin has two sides, ____63____ the saying goes. Though ChatGPT’s impressive efficiency and helpful information might take breath away, it may sometimes generate incorrect or inappropriate responses. Overall, ChatGPT has taken ____64____ big step forward for AI. Will it replace human intelligence or take over creative tasks? Alarmist? Only time will tell. Right now, what should be done is to define ____65____ (policy) and guidelines, so it can be used morally and responsibly. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 洮南一中培优班假期英语测试试题 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：100分） 第一部分 语法填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） 1. You should pay attention to the rules ______ (make) by us. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】made 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该注意我们制定的规则。句中已有谓语should pay，空处作非谓语动词，名词rules与make之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式made作后置定语。故填made。 2. I rushed to the library, only ______ (find) that in front of the door sat a dog. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to find 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我匆忙赶到图书馆，结果却发现门前坐着一只狗。“only to do”是固定用法，表示出乎意料的结果，这里“only to find”表示“结果却发现”，即赶到图书馆后得到的意外情况。故填to find。 3. His parents died, ______ (leave) him an orphan. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】leaving 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的父母去世了，使他成了孤儿。“(leave) him an orphan”在句中作结果状语，leave(使……)用非谓语形式，前面整个句子“His parents died”之间存在主动关系，用现在分词表示主动和情理之中的结果。故填leaving。 4. ______ (absorb) in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Absorbed 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他全神贯注地看书，没有注意到我进入房间。“(absorb) in his book”在句中作原因状语，短语be absorbed in意为“全神贯注于，沉浸于”；此处为非谓语动词，故用过去分词。句首单词首字母大写。故填Absorbed。 5. The car ________ (repair) now is mine. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being repaired 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在正在修理那辆车是我的。“(repair) now”在句中作后置定语，repair(修理)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语The car之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“now”可知修理正在进行中，应用现在分词的被动形式being repaired表被动和正在发生。故填being repaired。 6. The ______ (fall) leaves look like butterflies. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】falling 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：飘落的树叶看起来像蝴蝶。fall(落下)修饰名词leaves，用非谓语形式，结合句意，表示“正在飘落的树叶”，强调落下的过程，用现在分词表主动和正在发生。故填falling。 7. The meeting ______ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be held 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：明天要举行的会议非常重要。句中已有is，空处作非谓语动词，结合时间状语tomorrow可知，空处应用动词不定式形式表示将来的动作，且The meeting与hold之间为被动关系，所以用不定式的被动式，作定语修饰The meeting。故填to be held。 8. ______ (finish) his homework, he went to bed. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having finished 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。“(finish) his homework”在句中作时间状语，finish(完成)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，且“完成作业”这一动作发生在“上床睡觉”之前，所以要用现在分词的完成式having finished表主动和完成；句首单词首字母大写。故填Having finished。 9. Mary treats me as if she ________ (be) my sister. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：玛丽对待我就好像她是我的姐姐一样。在“as if”引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中，如果表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词要用一般过去时(be动词用were)；句中表示玛丽对待“我”的方式就像她是“我”姐姐，这是与现在事实相反的假设，应用虚拟语气，系动词be用were。故填were。 10. Last year, a doctor advised she ______ (eat) more vegetables and fruits. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】(should) eat 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：去年，一位医生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果。动词advise(建议)后面接宾语从句时，从句要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略；题中eat(吃)作advised后宾语从句中谓语，用虚拟语气should eat，should可省略。故填(should) eat。 11. If she ________ (follow) the doctor’s advice, she wouldn’t be so fat now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had followed 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果她听从了医生的建议，她现在就不会这么胖了。这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，从句是对过去情况的假设，主句是对现在情况的虚拟；在虚拟语气中，当从句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”的形式，本句中从句表达“如果她过去听从了医生的建议”，所以要用“had followed”。故填had followed。 12. ______ (be) I Mary, I would make a weight loss plan. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Were 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我是玛丽，我会制定一个减肥计划。句子与现在情况相反，使用虚拟语气，条件句中be动词用were，这里是省略if的倒装形式，把were提到主语之前。句首单词首字母大写。故填Were。 13. It is high time that she ______(change) her lifestyle. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】changed##should change 【解析】 【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：是时候她该改变自己的生活方式了。It is high time that...是一个固定句型，意为“是时候……了”，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，有两种形式：过去式（表示对现在情况的虚拟）或“should + 动词原形”（should不可省略）。 故填changed 或should change。 14. I wonder ______ you could help me fill out the form. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】if##whether 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道你是否能帮我填写这份表格。“ you could help me fill out the form”是宾语从句，从句不缺成分，表达“是否”，应用连词if或whether引导从句。故填if/whether。 15. Hardly had she tried to turn on one of the two taps above the sink ______ she noticed it didn’t work. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：她刚试着打开水槽上方两个水龙头中的一个，就注意到它坏了。“hardly...when...”是固定句型，意为“一……就……”，其中hardly后面的句子要用过去完成时，可采用部分倒装结构，when后面的句子用一般过去时；在本题中，“Hardly had she tried to turn on one of the two taps above the sink…”符合该句型中hardly引导的倒装结构，后面需要用when引导另一个句子。故填when。 16. Only when he is seriously ill ______ he ever stay in bed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】will 【解析】 【详解】考查倒装句。句意：只有当他病得很重时，他才会卧床休息。“only+状语从句”置于句首，句子使用部分倒装结构：助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他; 据主将从现的规则，when引导的时间状语从句用现在时，主句应该用将来时。故填will。 17. ______ made her very sad was that she lost her necklace. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】What 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：使她非常伤心的是她丢了项链。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接词what引导。位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 18. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ________ I agree. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：你说每个人都应该是平等的，这是我不同意的地方。“____ I agree”是表语从句，从句中谓语动词agree是不及物动词，后面不需要宾语，结合句意，表示“在……地方”，应用连接副词where作地点状语。故填where。 19. No changes have taken place in the village. It remains ________ it used to be. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这个村庄没有发生任何变化。它仍然和过去一样。句中“remains”是系动词，后面接的是一个表语从句，从句缺少表语，表示“样子、状态”，用连接代词what引导从句，意为“……的样子/情况”。故填what。 20. Word came ______ Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【解析】 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有消息称莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明Word，从句中不缺少成分，且从句句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Scientists in Australia are testing printed solar panels to power a Tesla on a 15,100-kilometer (9,400-mile) journey beginning in September, which they hope will get the public thinking about steps to help prevent climate change. The Charge Around Australia (CAA) project will power a Tesla electric car with 18 of the team’s printed plastic solar panels, each 18 meters (59 feet) long, rolling them out beside the vehicle to absorb sunlight when it needs a charge. Paul Dastoor. the inventor of the printed solar panels, said the University of Newcastle team would be testing not only the endurance of the panels but their potential performance for other applications. “This is actually an ideal test bed to give us information about how we would go about using and powering technology in other remote locations, for example, in space,” Dastoor told Reuters in the town of Gosforth, north of Sydney. Printed solar is a lightweight, laminated (层压的) plastic that can be made at a cost of less than $10 a square meter. The panels are made on a commercial printer originally used for printing wine labels. Dastoor said using the panels to power a car would get Australians to think more about electric vehicles and could help ease their “range anxiety.” The community is seeking these sorts of answers to the problems it’s being faced with, day in, day out, around climate change. On their 84-day Tesla journey, the team plans to visit about 70 schools to give students a taste of what the future may hold. Asked what Elon Musk, creator of the Tesla car and founder of Tesla Inc TSLA. O, might say about the CAA project, Dastoor said he hoped he would be pleased. CAA was “showing how our innovative technology is now combining with his developments to develop new solutions for the planet”, Dastoor said. 21. What can we learn about the printed solar panel? A. It weighs a lot. B. It can be rolled and carried. C. It can be used at any time of a day. D. It has been applied to power gas cars. 22. What is “range anxiety” in Paragraph 5 probably about? A. The climate is getting worse. B. The solar panels are 100 long. C. The solar panels are expensive. D. The endurance of the panels is poor. 23. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Musk is pleased with the CAA project. B. Students are positive about their own future. C The electric car lasts 84 days on a single charge. D. The CCA team and Musk are making efforts for climate changes. 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了澳大利亚科学家测试印刷太阳能电池板为特斯拉汽车供电的项目，该项目旨在引发公众对防止气候变化的思考，还介绍了电池板特点及项目相关计划。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Charge Around Australia (CAA) project will power a Tesla electric car with 18 of the team’s printed plastic solar panels, each 18 meters (59 feet) long, rolling them out beside the vehicle to absorb sunlight when it needs a charge.(澳大利亚充电之旅(CAA)项目将用该团队的18块印刷塑料太阳能电池板为一辆特斯拉电动汽车供电，每块电池板长18米(59英尺)，当汽车需要充电时，展开它们，铺在车旁以吸收阳光)”可知，这种印刷太阳能电池板可以卷起来携带。故选B项。 【22题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Dastoor said using the panels to power a car would get Australians to think more about electric vehicles and could help ease their ‘range anxiety.’(达斯托尔说，使用这些电池板为汽车供电将让澳大利亚人更多地考虑电动汽车，并有助于缓解他们的‘续航焦虑’)”可知，新的印刷太阳能电池板将让澳大利亚人更多地考虑电动汽车，说明这种电池板缓解了之前的担忧。结合选项可推知，“range anxiety”指的是对“电池板的续航能力差”的焦虑。故选D项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“CAA was ‘showing how our innovative technology is now combining with his developments to develop new solutions for the planet’, Dastoor said.(达斯托尔说，澳大利亚充电之旅项目‘展示了我们的创新技术如何与他(马斯克)的发展相结合，为地球开发新的解决方案’)”和常识可知，太阳能电池板项目有助于节能减排，是应对地球气候变化的可行解决方案，所以CAA团队和马斯克都在为应对地球气候变化而努力。故选D项。 B British chip maker Walkers is being flooded with mail deliveries of its own packaging. An online petition (请愿) with more than 312,000 signatures so far urges signers to mail their empty chip plastic bags to Walkers as an act of protest against the bags’ non-recyclable design. As petition organizer Geraint Ashcroft explained, the majority of chip packets, made from metallized plastic, are not recyclable and have been found fully undamaged up to 33 years after consumption. The UK alone consumes 6 billion bags of chips a year, and Walkers turns out 11 million bags daily. Ashcroft wrote, “At today’s consumption rate in 33 years’ time, there will be 200 billion packets either sent to landfill or polluting our oceans. Many will be eaten by animals fish or birds leading to a slow death.” Mailing the bags to Walkers is a way to hold the company accountable for its packaging and to pressure it to come up with a better design. Because Walkers has what’s known as a’Freepost’ address,the Royal Mail postal service is obligated (有义务的) to deliver anything that is addressed correctly — even if it’s an empty chip bag. But it is controversial. Royal Mail isn’t happy about it,asking people to put their chip bags in an envelope to help with ease of delivery. Critics on Twitter question the logic of buying a product in order to protest against its producer and suggest that giving up chips altogether would improve one’s health as well as the environment. Walkers issued a statement on Wednesday, saying it will make its packaging plastic-free by 2025.“We have received some returned packets and recognized the efforts being made to bring the issue of packaging waste to our attention. The returned packets will be used in our research as we work towards our commitment of improving the recyclability of our packaging.” 24. Why do people mail their empty chip bags to Walkers? A. To make Walkers use them once more. B. To exchange them for some new chips. C. To object to Walkers’ plastic packaging. D. To appeal to people for not using the bags. 25. What does the second paragraph mainly show? A. The harm of chip bags. B. The organization of the petition. C. The production of plastic bags. D. The opinion of Geraint Ashcroft. 26. What is the underlined word“accountable”in paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Explainable. B. Responsible. C. Essential. D. Anxious. 27. How does Walkers react to the campaign? A. Doubtfully. B. Oppositely. C. Cautiously. D. Positively. 【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在英国，人们把薯片包装盒寄回给薯片公司Walkers，抗议该公司用不能回收、难以降解的塑料包装盒。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“so far urges signers to mail their empty chip plastic bags to Walkers as an act of protest against the bags’ non-recyclable design.(到目前为止，呼吁签名者将他们的空芯片塑料袋邮寄给沃克斯，以抗议塑料袋不可回收的设计)”可知，人们把薯片塑料包装盒寄回Walkers是为了抗议该公司用不能回收，难以降解的塑料包装盒。故选C项。 【25题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“the majority of chip packets, made from metallized plastic, not recyclable and have been found fully undamaged up to 33 years after consumption.( 大多数薯片包装是由金属化塑料制成的，不可回收，在使用了33年后发现完全完好无损。)”以及“At today’s consumption rate in 33 years’ time, there will be 200 billion packets either sent to landfill or polluting our oceans. Many will be eaten by animals, fish or birds leading to a slow death.(按照现在33年的消耗速度，将有2000亿个包裹被送往垃圾填埋场或污染我们的海洋。许多会被动物、鱼或鸟吃掉，导致缓慢死亡。)”可知，chip bags不能回收，难以降解，要么送到填埋场，要么污染海洋。这些都是chip bags的危害. 故选A项。 【26题详解】 词义猜测题。根据该词后面内容“to pressure it to come up with a better design，(给它施加压力而想出更好的设计。)”可知，把薯片塑料包装寄回到Walkers是让公司对它的包装负责任的一种方式。故选B项。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容“Walkers issued a statement on Wednesday, saying it will make its packaging plastic-free by2025.(沃克尔斯公司周三发表声明称，到2025年，公司将不再使用塑料包装)”可知，Walkers对待这次运动的态度是积极的。故选D项。 C Satellites are already in use for so many purposes today — from weather forecasting to communications, GPS, and more. Since the late 1970s, satellites such as the European Space Agency’s (ESA) CryoSat-2 and the US Space Agency’s ICESat-2, have also been used to monitor changes in the Arctic sea ice. Data suggests that sea ice is thinning over time due to climate change. Over the last 40 years, the extent of Arctic ice cover has been declining at a rate of 13% per decade. However, existing ways of measurement do not provide a clear and continuous picture of the state of sea ice. These satellites use special radar or laser-based altimeter instruments (雷达或激光测高仪). Sea ice thickness is then calculated as the difference between the height of the ice and the top of the water (ice level—sea level). This method works well during the winter months. Unfortunately, satellite-based sea ice thickness measurements are inaccurate during the summer months: the time of the year with the greatest melting. This melting creates a pool of liquid water on the surface. As a result, the simple calculation (ice level—sea level) does not work as radar systems are unable to differentiate between ocean water and ice, thus making measurements inaccurate. Last September, scientists developed a new method to tackle this age-old issue. The new method combined computer modeling and satellite data to predict ice thickness — all year round. The research team led by Jack Landy, a scientist at the University of Tromsø (The Arctic University of Norway), used the new method to distinguish between seawater and ice. The researchers built a model of the radar system’s predicted data and cross-referenced these values to those collected by a satellite. This model allows the researchers to obtain accurate, year-round Arctic sea ice thickness data. According to Dr. Michel Tsamados from University College London, the new advanced climate model “will improve both the short-term forecasts for the weather at the mid-latitudes (中纬度地区) and the long-term forecasts that show what climate we will have in the future.” 28. What does the satellite data tell us? A. The Arctic ice will no longer exist in four decades. B. Sea ice cover is melting at a rate of 13% per year. C. The ESA’s satellites provide clearer pictures. D. Sea ice is becoming increasingly thinner. 29 What makes the ice level to sea level measurements inaccurate? A. Inaction of the laser-based altimeter instruments in summer. B. Radar systems’ inability to distinguish seawater from ice. C. There being technical difficulty calculating the height of the ice. D. There being no way to consistently detect melt pools on ice. 30. What does the new method aim to do? A. Provide accurate forecasts for the weather. B. Replace satellites in monitoring sea ice changes. C. Get a reliable summertime record of sea ice thickness. D. Test the efficiency of machine learning in climate change. 31. What does Dr. Michel Tsamados think of the new model? A. It will be useful in different ways. B. It will prove environmentally friendly. C. It has a short-term impact on climate research. D. It needs improvement to predict the Arctic’s future. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了监测北极海冰变化的一种新方法。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Data suggests that sea ice is thinning over time due to climate change.(数据显示，由于气候变化，海冰正在逐渐变薄。)”可知，卫星数据表明海冰正变得越来越薄。故选D。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Unfortunately, satellite-based sea ice thickness measurements are inaccurate during the summer months: the time of the year with the greatest melting...As a result, the simple calculation (ice level—sea level) does not work as radar systems are unable to differentiate between ocean water and ice, thus making measurements inaccurate.(不幸的是，基于卫星的海冰厚度测量在夏季是不准确的：这是一年中融化最严重的时候。……因此，简单的计算(冰面——海平面)不起作用，因为雷达系统无法区分海水和冰，从而使测量不准确。)”可知，雷达系统无法区分海水和冰，这使得冰面和海平面的测量不准确，故选B。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers built a model of the radar system’s predicted data and cross-referenced these values to those collected by a satellite. This model allows the researchers to obtain accurate, year-round Arctic sea ice thickness data.(研究人员建立了一个雷达系统预测数据的模型，并将这些数据与卫星收集的数据进行了交叉对比。这个模型使研究人员能够获得准确的、全年的北极海冰厚度数据。)”可知，新方法的目的是获得可靠的夏季海冰厚度记录。故选C。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to Dr. Michel Tsamados from University College London, the new advanced climate model “will improve both the short-term forecasts for the weather at the mid-latitudes (中纬度地区) and the long-term forecasts that show what climate we will have in the future.”(据伦敦大学学院的Michel Tsamados 博士说，新的先进气候模型“将改善对中纬度地区天气的短期预测和对未来气候的长期预测。”)”可推知，萨马多斯博士认为这个新模型“将改善对中纬度地区天气的短期预测和对未来气候的长期预测”，即它将在不同的方面发挥作用。故选A。 D Eugene Newman Parker, a leading figure in heliospheric(日球层的) physics for the past half century, passed away peacefully at his home in Chicago on Mar. 15. He was 94. Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics, Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker. In 2018, Parker became the first living scientist to witness the launch of a spacecraft that was named in his honor. Parker is best known for his groundbreaking theory on the existence of a phenomenon called “solar wind”, a continuous stream of charged particles that flow off the sun. It can become violent, causing space weather that impacts the Earth. When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community. The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空), and was thus completely empty of any matter. But, there were no errors in his study or his calculations, and the theory was later proven to be correct in 1962, when a NASA spacecraft mission to Venus revealed the constant presence of a supersonic wind—exactly as Parker had predicted. That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers: “If you do something new or innovative, expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you’re wrong, you want to be the first one to know that.” Parker never co-authored a paper with his students, thus urging them to be independent. Parker was humble, straightforward, and wise. His son Eric said, “My sister Joyce and I didn’t get a real feel for what a ‘big dog’ our dad was in the field.” They got an even better sense when a month after Parker’s death, they traveled to Lund, Sweden, to accept on his behalf the Crafoord Prize in Astronomy. 32. What can we learn from the second paragraph? A. A spacecraft was named in memory of Parker. B. The sun has less effects on Earth than expected. C. Parker deserved credit for his great contributions. D. NASA provided new insights into the lunar effect. 33. Why did people view Parker’s theory of “solar wind” skeptically at first? A. It went against the popular opinion at that time. B. Some mistakes were found in his calculations. C. The presence of a supersonic wind was proven by NASA. D. Matter was believed to exist in the space between planets. 34. What did Parker suggest young researchers do? A. seek close cooperation B. avoid high expectations C. learn by trial and error D. compete against others 35. What words can be used to describe Parker according to the passage? A. straightforward and generous B. responsible and accessible C. intelligent yet conservative D. distinguished yet modest 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了日球物理学的领军人物，尤金·纽曼·帕克的贡献以及他对年轻人的影响。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. (帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体影响的认识。)”以及“NASA even stated that “the field of heliophysics exists in large part because of Dr. Eugene Parker. (美国宇航局甚至表示，“太阳物理学领域的存在在很大程度上要归功于尤金·帕克博士。”)”可知，帕克对整个日球物理学领域做出了极大的贡献，他是值得赞扬的。故选C。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“ When Parker’s research was published in 1958, his theory was initially met with skepticism(怀疑) and ridicule by the scientific community.(当帕克的研究成果于1958年发表时，他的理论最初遭到了科学界的质疑和嘲笑。)”以及“The general view at the time was that the space between planets was an absolute vacuum(真空), and was thus completely empty of any matter. (当时的普遍观点是，行星之间的空间是绝对真空的，因此完全没有任何物质。)”可知，人们起初对帕克的“太阳风”理论持怀疑态度，因为它违背了当时的流行观点。故选A。 【34题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“That experience likely led to the advice Parker often gave young researchers: “If you do something new or innovative, expect trouble. But think critically about it because if you’re wrong, you want to be the first one to know that.” (这段经历可能导致了帕克经常给年轻研究人员的建议：“如果你做了一些新的或创新的事情，预计会有麻烦。但要批判性地思考，因为如果你错了，你想成为第一个知道这一点的人。”)”可知，帕克给年轻人的建议是从错误和尝试中学习。故选C。 【35题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Hailed(誉为) as a visionary in the field of heliophysics, Parker revolutionized our understanding of the sun and its effects on Earth and other bodies within the solar system. (被誉为作为太阳物理学领域的梦想家，帕克彻底改变了我们对太阳及其对地球和太阳系内其他天体影响的理解。)”以及根据最后一段中“Parker was humble, straightforward, and wise.( 帕克谦逊、直率、睿智。)”可知，帕克是杰出但谦逊的。故选D。 第二节 七选五 On the court, the catwalk, or at the club or corner store, sneakers (or trainers, or sports shoes, or whatever you might call them) seem to include every form, function and fantasy—across sport, fashion, art, movies and music. ____36____ “What appealed to me was to tell the story of sneakers in a design context as they are common everyday designed objects that have taken on such great meaning in many people’s lives，” says Ligaya Salazar, the curator of Sneakers Unboxed. ____37____ And, in the process, the community has developed its own identity separate from the fashion community at large. Clearly, there’s something here that draws people in, so what makes these shoes so popular? “I think it’s true that a lot of people just buy expensive shoes because they look cool,” Professor Joshua Hoang from Eleanor Roosevelt College said. “However, I also think that there are a lot of people who feel a deeper connection with their shoes.” For many “sneakerheads”, shoes aren’t just about how they look or feel. ____38____ Today, most shoes become meaningful through their association with a well-known star. ____39____ This business strategy has become a main part. However, clear boundaries are hard to draw, as there are simply too many different kinds of fans now that the culture has become mainstream. This has also led to unimaginable high prices to some of the rare or super-limited shoes, which is very likely to create an unhealthy atmosphere among their biggest fan club: The youth. And special editions have driven up prices of some common models as well, drawing complaints from ordinary customers.____40____ A. Every shoe has a story, something that people remember it by. B. No one knows why it is so sudden that the young are fond of sneakers. C. They said that it’s hard to get a pair of normal shoes for an affordable price. D. However, the prices of sneakers have become a standard to compare with other teens. E. Over several decades, sneakers have sealed their social standings as a pop-culture currency. F. The hobby of collecting expensive sneakers has grown from being a subculture to mainstream. G. Many basketball players like Kobe Bryant and James Harden have received their own shoe line. 【答案】36. E 37. F 38. A 39. G 40. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动鞋文化。 【36题详解】 根据上文“On the court, the catwalk, or at the club or corner store, sneakers (or trainers, or sports shoes, or whatever you might call them) seem to include every form, function and fantasy—across sport, fashion, art, movies and music.(在球场上、T台上、在俱乐部或街角的商店里，运动鞋（或训练鞋、运动鞋，或随便你怎么称呼它们）似乎包含了各种形式、功能和幻想——跨越了体育、时尚、艺术、电影和音乐)”可知，运动鞋似乎包含了各种形式、功能和幻想——包括运动、时尚、艺术、电影和音乐。E选项“几十年来，运动鞋作为一种流行文化货币已经确立了自己的社会地位”是对上一句的总结概括，其中“运动、时尚、艺术、电影和音乐”就是“流行文化”。故选E。 【37题详解】 根据下文“And, in the process, the community has developed its own identity separate from the fashion community at large. Clearly, there’s something here that draws people in, so what makes these shoes so popular? “I think it’s true that a lot of people just buy expensive shoes because they look cool,” Professor Joshua Hoang from Eleanor Roosevelt College said. “However, I also think that there are a lot of people who feel a deeper connection with their shoes.” For many “sneakerheads”, shoes aren’t just about how they look or feel.(而且，在这个过程中，这个群体已经形成了自己的身份，与整个时尚界分开。显然，这里有吸引人的东西，那么是什么让这些鞋子如此受欢迎呢？埃莉诺罗斯福学院的Joshua Hoang教授说：“我认为很多人买昂贵的鞋子只是因为它们看起来很酷，这是事实。”“然而，我也认为有很多人与他们的鞋子有更深的联系。”对于许多“球鞋迷”来说，鞋子不仅仅是外观或感觉)”可知，后文提到“这些鞋如此受欢迎”，“受欢迎”就是一种主流，“一些人斥巨资买鞋就是为了酷”。可知F选项“收集昂贵运动鞋的爱好已经从一种亚文化变成了主流”是该段的主题句。故选F。 【38题详解】 根据上文“For many “sneakerheads”, shoes aren’t just about how they look or feel.(对于许多“球鞋迷”来说，鞋子不仅仅是外观或感觉)”可知，上文说明吸引运动鞋迷的还有背后的原因，本句进一步阐述了上一句的内容，二者构成递进关系。故A选项“每只鞋都有一个故事，一些人们记住它的东西”符合语境，故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Today, most shoes become meaningful through their association with a well-known star.(如今，大多数鞋子都是通过与一位知名明星的联系而变得有意义的)”可知，上文提到许多鞋子与明星有联系，G选项“许多篮球运动员，如科比·布莱恩特和詹姆斯·哈登，都有自己的鞋子系列”为支撑句，是对上一句内容的展开叙述，并且该句中的“Kobe Bryant”和“James Harden”就是“star”。故选G。 【40题详解】 根据上文“And special editions have driven up prices of some common models as well, drawing complaints from ordinary customers.(特别版也推高了一些普通车型的价格，引起了普通消费者的抱怨)”可知，上文提到一些普通型号的特别版也被抬高了价格，引起了普通消费者的抱怨。C选项“他们说很难以合理的价格买到一双普通的鞋子”为结尾句，呼应上句内容，“抱怨”就表示“价格不合理”。故选C。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） When I was 14, I invited some friends for a party at our home out in the country. I planned it well, but something ____41____ happened. When it was time for us to ride the bus, Nora, one of my friends, didn’t ____42____ I felt ____43____ Why would she tell me she’d come to the party and then ____44____ without letting me know? So, I decided to call Nora and get some ____45____, I needed no apologies but I demanded to know why. Nora ____46____ she had to stay away from school because she was sick. Anger still seized me and I ____47____ to listen, “What kind of friend are you?”Nora began crying on the phone, hurt and surprised. For the rest of the school year, we ____48____ hung around again, and I forgot about my ____49____ call with Nora. _____50_____ had happened between us at some point, but I shrugged(抖肩)it off. Years later, I began to reflect on that ugly phone conversation. Now, I _____51_____ it. I recognized how selfish, and _____52_____ I’d been, caring only about myself. I wanted to make things _____53_____. I composed an apology letter to Nora and soon got her _____54_____ So finally, we did bring a sad moment from the past to a _____55_____ conclusion, healing both of us. 41. A. unexpected B. unproven C. unfair D. unsure 42. A. take over B. show off C. turn up D. set out 43 A. guilty B. mad C. embarrassed D. skeptical 44. A. reach out B. step forward C. look away D. back out 45. A. answers B. comfort C. expectations D. company 46. A. explained B. announced C. predicted D. complained 47. A. attempted B. intended C. refused D. pretended 48. A. merely B. barely C. regularly D. frequently 49. A. urgent B. formal C. random D. hurtful 50. A. Quarrel B. Friendship C. Tolerance D. Disagreement 51. A. regretted B. ignored C. remembered D. honored 52. A. self-disciplined B. self-centered C. self-respected D. self-contained 53. A. accessible B. easy C. right D. valuable 54. A. decision B. sympathy C. information D. forgiveness 55. A. serious B. strange C. healthy D. natural 【答案】41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A 46. A 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是记叙文。本文主要讲述了在作者十四岁时，作者的一位朋友Nora因病没有出席作者的聚会。作者当时非常生气，在电话中说了过分的话，伤了Nora的心。多年后，作者回想起来自己的所作所为十分懊悔，真挚地向Nora写了一封道歉信，并取得了Nora的原谅。 【41题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我计划得很好，但发生了一些意外的事情。A. unexpected出乎意料的；B. unproven未被证明的；C. unfair不公平的；D. unsure不确定的。but此处有转折，结合下文“Nora, one of my friends, didn’t ____2____ ”，Nora没有出现的剧情来看，应当是“出人意料的事发生了”，指Nora没有到场。故选A。 【42题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们该坐公共汽车的时候，我的一个朋友诺拉没有出现。A. take over接管；B. show off炫耀；C. turn up出现；D. set out开始。根据下文“Why would she tell me she’d come to the party”可知，此处应为Nora没有出现。故选C。 【43题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到非常生气。A. guilty有罪的；B. mad疯狂的；愤怒的； C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. skeptical怀疑的。结合下文“Why would she tell me she’d come to the party and then ____4____ without letting me know?”可知作者发现Nora没有出现感到十分恼火。在非正式语体和日常交流中，mad和angry意义相近，可以表示“生气的，发怒的”。故选B。 【44题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她为什么会告诉我她会来参加派对，然后不告诉我就打退堂鼓呢？ A. reach out伸出；B. step forward向前走；C. look away不再看；D. back out不遵守（诺言等）；打退堂鼓。根据下文“I needed no apologies but I demanded to know why.”可知，此处back out表示“食言，违约”。作者非常生气Nora没有来，因此质疑她为什么不告诉我她会来，却食言了，连说都没说一声。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我决定给Nora打个电话，得到她的答复。A. answers答案；B. comfort舒适；C. expectations期待；D. company陪伴。根据下文“I needed no apologies but I demanded to know why.” 可知，作者给Nora打电话，想要寻求一下她为什么没有来的答案。故选A。 【46题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺拉解释，她不得不离开学校，因为她生病了。 A. explained解释；B. announced宣布；C. predicted预测；D. complained抱怨。根据下文“she had to stay away from school because she was sick”可知， Nora解释她因病不能来学校。此处应当是Nora解释自己缺席的原因。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仍旧愤怒，拒绝听，“你是什么样的朋友？” A. attempted尝试；B. intended打算；C. refused拒绝；D. pretended假装。根据上文“Angry still seized me”可知，作者仍然十分生气，故下文应当是作者在生气时的举动。拒绝听Nora的解释，自顾自地发泄自己的情绪。其他三个词均不能较好地传达出作者生气的情绪。故选C。 【48题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在这学年剩下的时间里，我们几乎不再闲逛了，我忘记了我和诺拉之间的伤人电话。A. merely仅仅；B. barely很少；C. regularly有规律的；D. frequently频繁的。由上文““What kind of friend are you?” Nora began crying on the phone, hurt and surprised.”可知，Nora被作者的话深深刺伤了，作者也对Nora十分不满，这一学期他们应当是很少再会一起遛弯了。故选B。 【49题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. urgent紧急的；B. formal正式的；C. random随机的；D. hurtful有害的。根据上文“Nora began crying on the phone, hurt and surprised.”以及下文的“I recognized how selfish”可推断出，作者年轻时以自我为中心，不懂得照顾他人感受，所以就忘掉了这个深深刺痛Nora的电话。故选D。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们之间曾经发生过友谊，但我耸了耸肩不在乎。A. Quarrel争吵；B. Friendship友谊；C. Tolerance容忍；D. Disagreement分歧。根据下文“Nora, one of my friends,”可知，作者和诺拉之间曾经是好朋友，存在过友谊，但是作者不在乎。故选B。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，我感到后悔。A. regretted遗憾；后悔；B. ignored忽视；C. remembered记住；D. honored尊敬。结合前文“Years later, I began to reflect on that ugly phone conversation.”可知，数年后作者对自己的行为进行反思，感到十分懊悔。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到我是多么自私和以自我为中心。A. self-disciplined有自我约束力的；B. self-centered自我为中心的；C. self-respected自尊心强的；D. self-contained独立的。根据前文的selfish和后文的“I’d been, caring only about myself.”可知，此处作者应当是想说自己一直以自我为中心。故选B。 【53题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我想纠正错误。A. accessible易接近的；B. easy容易的；C. right正确的；D. valuable有价值的。根据下文“I composed an apology letter to Nora and soon got her ____14____”可知，作者想弥补错误。“make things right”为固定搭配，表示纠正某件错事。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写了一封道歉信给Nora，并且很快得到了她的谅解。A. decision决定；B. sympathy同情；C. information信息；D. forgiveness宽恕。根据下文“So finally, we did bring a sad moment from the past to a ____15____ conclusion, healing both of us.”可知，作者写了一封道歉信给Nora，并且很快得到了她的谅解。故选D。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后，我们过去的悲伤时刻带来了一个圆满的结局，治愈了我们俩。 A. serious严肃的；B. strange奇怪的；C. healthy健康的；健全合理的；D. natural自然的。根据下文“healing both of us”可知，过去悲伤的时刻终于迎来了一个圆满的结局，把我们都治愈了。healthy在这里引申为美满的，圆满的，健全的。“healthy conclusion”可理解为圆满的结局，与前文“sad moment”形成对比，故选C。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 ChatGPT netted 1 million users in 5 days. For ____56____ (compare), it, reportedly, took Instagram 2.5 months to reach the same number of users. Pretty wild! ChatGPT, Generative Pre- trained Transformer, is a chatbot ____57____ (launch) by OpenAI in November 2022. ____58____ (specific) designed to interact in a conversational way, it works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions. Once orders ____59____ (input), it is capable of understanding the context of conversations and responding to a wide range of requests in a natural and ____60____ (engage) way. It mimics (模仿) human-like responses with AI-generated contents ____61____ assists people with tasks like writing essays, making business proposals, creating poems and even checking for program bugs. The outputs are amazingly varied ____62____ (depend) on who is writing the orders. Every coin has two sides, ____63____ the saying goes. Though ChatGPT’s impressive efficiency and helpful information might take breath away, it may sometimes generate incorrect or inappropriate responses. Overall, ChatGPT has taken ____64____ big step forward for AI. Will it replace human intelligence or take over creative tasks? Alarmist? Only time will tell. Right now, what should be done is to define ____65____ (policy) and guidelines, so it can be used morally and responsibly. 【答案】56. comparison 57. launched 58. Specifically 59. are input##inputted 60. engaging 61. and 62. depending 63. as 64. a 65. policies 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是ChatGPT这种聊天机器人。 【56题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了比较，据报道，Instagram花了2.5个月的时间才达到相同的用户数量。for comparison是固定短语，意为“为了比较”，因此空格处是comparison。故填comparison。 【57题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT，Generative Pre- trained Transformer，是OpenAI在2022年11月推出的聊天机器人。句中谓语是is，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填launched。 【58题详解】 考查副词。句意：它是专门为对话方式进行交互而设计的，工作方式就像人工智能系统和提问者之间的书面对话。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，specific的副词是specifically，意为“专门地”。故填Specifically。 【59题详解】 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：一旦输入命令，它就能够理解对话的上下文，并以自然和吸引人的方式对广泛的请求做出响应。命令是被输入，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语orders是复数，与谓语为被动关系。因此空格处是are input/inputted。故填are input/inputted。 【60题详解】 考查形容词。句意：一旦输入命令，它就能够理解对话的上下文，并以自然和吸引人的方式对广泛的请求做出响应。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词way，engage的形容词是engaging，意为“吸引人的”。故填engaging。 【61题详解】 考查连词。句意：它用人工智能生成的内容模仿类似人类的反应，并帮助人们完成写论文、写商业提案、写诗甚至检查程序错误等任务。mimics和assists是并列的动作，且句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and连接两句话，故填and。 【62题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：根据编写指令的人的不同，输出的变化惊人。句中谓语是are amazingly varied，空格处用非谓语动词，前面所描述的动作和depend on之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词，故填depending。 【63题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：俗话说，事物都有两面性。as the saying goes是固定短语，意为“俗话说”，因此空格处是as，故填as。 【64题详解】 考查冠词。句意：总的来说，ChatGPT在人工智能领域迈出了一大步。step表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，big是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 【65题详解】 考查名词的复数。句意：现在，我们应该做的是制定政策和指导方针，这样人们就可以在道德上和负责任地使用它。policy为可数名词，前无不定冠词修饰和限定，所以空格处用名词的复数，故填policies。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $