内容正文:
2024版译林英语 8A U1 Friendship词汇知识点详解
Friendships enrich our lives.
1. friendship n. 友谊
(1)名词+后缀-ship,表示这个名词的抽象名词,“性质、状态、情况”等
relation(联系)—— relationship(关系,关联)
member(成员)—— membership(会员身份)
leader(领导者)—— leadership(领导能力)
partner(伙伴)—— partnership(合作关系)
(2) make friends with... 和...交朋友
(3) friendly adj.友好的 —— unfriendly adj.不友好的
课本原句:Friendship is an important part of our lives.
2. honest adj. 诚实的,正直的
(1) 单词中“h”不发音,用an an honest boy
类似用法还有hour,honor等
(2) to be honest 说实话(=to tell the truth)
(3) 反义词前缀dis-:dishonest adj. 不诚实的 (拓展:disappointed adj. 失望的)
(4) honesty n. 诚实
3. cheerful adj. 快乐的,高兴的
cheer v./n. 振奋;开心 cheer sb. up 使某人振奋起来
cheerfully adv. 高兴地
4. humorous adj. 幽默的
例句:He is such a humorous actor that many audiences like him.
humour(英)/humor(美) n. 幽默
have a(good)sense of humor 有(很好的)幽默感
5. caring adj. 关心他人的,体贴人的
care v./n. 关心;小心;照料 care about/for... take care of...
careful adj. 仔细的,认真的——carefully adv.
careless adj. 粗心的,满不在乎的——carelessly adv. —— carelessness n.
6. truth n. 事实
短语:tell the truth 说实话 in truth 事实上,实际
true adj. 真正的 a true friend come true
truly adv. 真正地 eg. He is truly happy.(副修形)
7. joke n. 笑话,玩笑
tell a joke//tell jokes 讲笑话
play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑
课本原句:A good friend should be good at telling jokes to make you laugh.
8. laugh v. 笑,发笑
(1) laugh at... 嘲笑... make sb laugh 让某人大笑
(2) laughter n. 笑(声)
9. teenager n. 青少年
teenage adj. 青少年的,十几岁的
10. unhappy adj. 不开心的
happy adj. 开心的,满意的
happiness n. 幸福
11. lie v. 撒谎(lie-lied-lied) lie to sb. 向某人撒谎
v. 躺;位于(lie-lay-lain)
n. 谎言 tell a lie = tell lies 说谎 a white lie 善意的谎言
现在分词:lying
12. person n. 人,个人 in person 亲自
personal adj. 个人的
personality n. 性格
13. thought n. 想法,主意
think-thought-thought
share one’s thoughts with...
thoughtful adj. 体贴的
课本原句:Thank you for sharing your thoughts.
14. ponytail n. 马尾辫
pony(小马) + tail(尾巴)
high/low ponytail 高/低马尾
课本原句:She usually wears her hair in a ponytail.
15. seat n. 座位
give(up)one’s seat to sb. on the bus 在公交车上给某人让座
take/have a seat 坐下
课本原句:She always gives up her seat on the bus to someone in need.
16. schoolwork n. 学校作业
homework n. 家庭作业
housework n. 家务活 (三个都不可数)
17. trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的
trust v./n. 信任
worthy adj. 值得的 (be worthy of doing)
worth adj./n. 值得的(be worth doing)
18. patient adj. 有耐心的 be patient with...
n. 病人
例句:We should be patient with patients.
patience n. 耐心
patiently adv. 耐心地
反义前缀im-:impatient,impatiently
19. understand v. 理解(understand-understood-understood)
understanding n. 理解
动词例句:Can you understand the meaning of the sign?
名词例句:The book can improve our understanding of AI.
反义词:misunderstand v. 误解
课本原句:She is patient enough to listen to me and understands me quite well.
20. bit n. 小量
(1)a bit + adj./adv. 修饰程度 = a little + adj./adv. = a little bit + adj./adv.
例句:The film was a bit boring,and I nearly fell asleep.
(2)a bit of + 不可数名词 = a little + 不可数名词
例句:I still have a bit of water,do you want to drink some?
21. a little bit 有点儿
课本原句:He wears small round glasses. They make him look a little bit funny.
22. funny adj. 好笑的;滑稽的
tell a funny joke
23. sense n. 理解力;感觉
(1) common sense(=general knowledge)常识
(2) a(good)sense of + 名词单数 ...感
humor(幽默感),direction(方向感),achievement(成就感),duty/responsibility(责任感),belonging(归属感)...
(3) the/one’s sixth sense 第六感
(4) make sense 讲得通,有意义 eg. It makes sense to save money.
(5) in a sense 在某种意义上
(6) 高级拓展:sensitive adj. 敏感的;敏锐的 insensitive adj. 无感的;顿感的 sensible adj. 明智的
24. humour(英) = humor(美) n. 幽默
短文小故事:Jeffery chooses to work in the bank just to humour(v. 迎合,牵就,顺从) his parents. His father is a humourless guy who has worked his whole life in the bank while Jeff is outgoing and has a great sense of humour. He is excellent at humorously impersonating different clients. His dream is to be a stand-up comedian and makes the audience laugh with his humorous jokes and impersonation.
杰弗里选择在银行工作,纯粹是为了顺从父母。他父亲是个在银行工作了一辈子的不苟言笑的人,而杰弗里则性格开朗、幽默感十足。他特别擅长用幽默的方式模仿不同客户。他梦想着成为单口喜剧演员,用自己搞笑的段子和角色扮演逗乐观众。
25. sense of humor 幽默感
课本原句:Mike has a great sense of humor.
例句:My English teacher has no sense of humor.
26. bored adj. 厌倦的,烦闷的
bore v. 使厌烦
boredom n. 讨厌,令人讨厌的事物
boring adj. 令人讨厌的
-ed结尾的形容词修饰人的感受:bored;surprised;interested;excited;relaxed;amazed等
-ing结尾的形容词修饰事/物的性质:boring;surprising;interesting;exciting;relaxing;amazing等
课本原句:You will never feel bored with him around.
27. energetic adj. 精力充沛的
energy n. 能量;能源
例句:Children are naturally more energetic than adults.
28. active adj. 积极的;活跃的
take an active part in... 积极参加...
actively adv. 积极地
反义词:inactive;inactively
课本原句:He stays active from doing sports to other club activities and never seems to get tired.
(from...to...;seem to do sth.)
29. encourage v. 鼓励
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事
encouragement n. 鼓励
(高级拓展:inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓励/激励某人做某事)
课本原句:Sometimes I feel like giving up difficult tasks,but he always encourages me to keep trying.
30. believe v. 相信
believe it or not 信不信由你
believe +(that)从句
believe + 后接某人说的话
例:believe his words = believe what he says/said
believe in + sb. 表示相信某人的品质(相当于trust)
例:believe him(相信他的人品)
31. secret n. 秘密
adj. 秘密的
keep a secret = keep secrets 保密
keep sth. secret
2025年姑苏区初三一模词汇真题(首字母填空):She whispered a secret to her best friend, hoping it would stay between them
32. keep secrets 保密
课文原句:I can tell her anything because she is great at keeping secrets.
33. worse adj. (bad的比较级)更差的
bad/badly/ill - worse - worst
get worse 变坏;变差
even worse 更糟的是
from bad to worse 越来越坏,每况愈下
34. worst adj. (bad的最高级)最差的
词汇常考句子:Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望,做最好的准备。
35. height n. 身高,高度
high adj./adj. 高的/地(实际高度)
highly adj. 高度地(抽象高度) speak/think highly of... 高度认可/评价
知识点联想:long adj. —— length n. 长度
wide adj. —— width n. 宽度
deep adj. —— depth n. 深度
heavy adj. —— weight n. 重量
36. sec. abbr.(=second)秒
hour 小时 minute 分钟
37. test n. 测验,考查
v. 测试,测验
test score 测试分数
38. badminton n. 羽毛球运动
例句:They play badminton in the gym every Tuesday.
39. however adv. 然而
课本原句:However,Simon is kind enough to give me many useful tips.
40. balloon n. 气球
课本原句:Later,a boy’s balloon got caught in a tree and Simon took it down for him.
41. scared adj. 害怕,恐惧
(1) 常考搭配:be scared of... //be scared to do sth.
(2) scare v. 使...害怕
scary adj. 吓人的,恐怖的
(3) 辨析:afraid表示“担心;恐怕”,一般指害怕未来或者没出现的事物,或者委婉地拒绝别人
scared表示“突然害怕,受惊”,一般指突发状况感到害怕
例句1:I am afraid of mice.
例句2:(课本原句)Suddenly,they saw a bear coming towards them. They were very scared.
42. nearby adv. 在附近 adj. 附近的
例句1:There is a park nearby.(副词,句尾)、
例句2:We live in a nearby village.(形容词,名词前)
43. fight v. 搏斗,打斗;为...斗争
fight - fought - fought
fight with/against... 和...斗争/搏斗 (fight with也可以翻译成“和...一起斗争”)
fight for... 为...斗争/搏斗
fight back 回击;抵抗
fight n. 斗争;打斗
44. dead adj. 死的
die v. 死 die of 死于(内因:疾病等)
die from 死于(外因:意外等)
die out 灭绝;逐渐消失
dead adj. 死的,去世的;死气沉沉的 eg. He has been dead for five years.
dying adj. 垂死的,奄奄一息的 eg. The doctor is trying to save the dying patient.
deadly adj. 致命的;彻底的 eg. It is a deadly weapon.(致命的武器)
death n. 死亡 eg. Finally,the poor man bled to death. (流血致死)
45. attack v. 攻击,袭击 attack - attacked - attacked
n. (疾病的)突然发作;攻击
heart attack 心脏病发作
under attack 受到攻击;在攻击之下
46. danger n. 危险
in danger 处于危险之中
dangerous adj. 危险的
dangerously adv. 危险地
endangered adj. 濒危的,濒于灭绝的
课本原句:A true friend should not leave you in times of danger.
47. brave adj. 勇敢的
It is brave of sb. to do sth.
48. get along with sb. 与某人和睦相处,关系良好
49. nod v. 点头 nod - nodded - nodded
例句:He nodded in agreement.
50. once conj. 一...就.;一旦
课本原句:Once you are friends,there are some easy ways to make sure your friendship lasts.(一旦你们成为朋友,有一些简单的方法可以确保你们的友谊持续下去。)
51. feeling n. 情感;感觉
(1) 表示“感觉、知觉”时不可数:She has no feeling in her toes because of the cold weather.
(2) 表示“情绪、感情”时可数:We can understand her feelings.
(3) a feeling of + n. “某种感觉”:A feeling of warmth filled her heart.
52. thoughtful adj. 体贴的;深思的
比较级:more thoughtful
最高级:most thoughtful
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