精品解析：北京海淀区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末学业水平调研英语试题

海淀区2025年高二年级学业水平调研 英语 本试卷共8页，共四部分，60道题，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，20分） 第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. When will the speakers meet? A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday. 2. Which device will the speakers probably buy? A. A smartphone. B. A headset. C. A bicycle. 3. What does the man like about time travel stories? A Their settings. B. Their themes. C. Their plots. 4. What are the speakers going to do next? A. Role play a job interview. B. Review the job description. C. Meet the marketing manager. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。 5. What does the woman have to do? A. Assess hotel facilities. B. Enhance hotel cleanliness. C. Handle customer feedback. 6. How does the woman describe her job? A. Ideal. B. Challenging. C. Tiring. 听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。 7. What happened to the woman’s package? A. It was severely damaged. B. It was sent to the wrong address. C. It was lost somewhere along the way. 8. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers? A. Neighbours. B. Fellow workers. C. Customer and deliveryman. 听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。 9. What does the woman think of animal testing? A. Crucial. B. Effective. C. Cruel. 10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The necessity of animal testing. B. The methods of animal protection. C. The advancement in animal treatment. 听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。 11. Which room is the woman going to rent? A Room A. B. Room B. C. Room C. 12. What will the monthly rent be for the woman? A. $900. B. $800. C. $700. 听第9段材料，回答第13至14小题。 13. What is the speaker doing? A. Hosting a program. B. Giving a presentation. C. Introducing a project. 14. What is the speaker concerned about? A. Ethical issues related to AI. B. Absence of AI use regulations. C. AI’s inability to make decisions. 第三节（共4小题，每小题1.5分，共6分） 听下面一段独白，完成第15至18四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Plan a Meaningful Summer Vacation Stick to a study routine ·Review materials you’ve learned to 15 your understanding of the subjects ·Practice daily in weaker subjects to make progress Try some 16 practice ·Take on part-time jobs to gain real-life experience ·Do some 17 work to develop responsibility Make sure to enjoy yourself ·Watch a movie or take a trip to 18 and recharge after studying ·Spend time with family and friends to keep you mentally and emotionally healthy 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，20分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The dismissal letter trembled in my hand and the company logo was clouded by tears that carried the smell of burnt coffee and shame. At thirty-two, I was ____1____ from the Vice President position I’d struggled for six years to achieve. Three weeks into unemployment, I kept cleaning coffee rings off my desk — marks of ____2____ late-night work sessions. One morning, Mrs. Rosetti, my Italian friend, marched into my apartment, holding a coffee pot and a bag of Ethiopian coffee beans. “Let’s learn to make something real,” she said. “Then we’ll talk about living.” What began as a distraction became a(n) ____3____. I learned how the minerals in water might affect the flavor, and how the foam on a cappuccino whispered truths that office reports never captured. The real ____4____ point arrived during a cupping (品鉴) session at a Queens Café. When I described a flavor as “layoffs after a company merger (合并) hidden in chocolate tones”, the owner of the café, a former Wall Street analyst, said: “You ____5____ stories in the beans.” Six months later, my coffee shop “Layoff Latte Art” was ____6____. It serves special drinks ____7____ career challenges: one for those switching careers midlife and another symbolizing startup pains. Each cup comes with a note about the beans’ journey from mountain to cup, and space for customers to write their own ____8____ of starting over. It’s amazing to read the experiences that people share. The anxiety ____9____, replaced by rhythmic hum of the coffee machine. Now, when the morning light hits the milk jug just right, I no longer see the shadow of my former high-achieving self. ____10____, I see a woman who, just like the coffee beans, allows herself to be transformed into something richer, deeper, and far braver. 1. A. cut off B. laid off C. dropped off D. wiped off 2. A. careless B. fearless C. hopeless D. countless 3. A. association B. celebration C. inspiration D. contribution 4. A. turning B. breaking C. meeting D. shining 5. A. hear B. read C. taste D. write 6. A. born B. bought C. discovered D. exhibited 7. A. facing B. handling C. mirroring D. predicting 8. A. recipes B. reports C. secrets D. stories 9. A. grew B. eased C. spread D. remained 10. A. Instead B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Therefore 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When Grace fell ill, her garden was drying up. Her neighbour, Lily, ____11____ (kind) stepped up and took over all the plant watering and weed pulling. When Grace recovered, she ____12____ (touch) by Lily’s kindness. They began gardening together, forming a close friendship. Their shared love for the garden connected them, showing how small acts of care build meaningful relationships. Over time, the garden, ____13____ (fill) with flowers they planted together, became a symbol of their bond. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 “Sir, what does the saying ‘Isn’t it a delight to learn and constantly review things one has learned’ mean?” A fourth grader ____14____ (pose) this question to the virtual Confucius on the screen. The digital figure replied, “It means we need to constantly review ____15____ we have learned. By doing this, we gain new insights.” In this case, the AI teaching assistant provided students with an ____16____ (interact) learning experience. It’s not rare. Nowadays, the integration of AI and education ____17____ (change) the way schools are organized. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Conflict is part of our life and can occur in various settings. When left unaddressed, it can cause stress and damage relationships. One of the most effective approaches to dealing with conflict is through compromise. Compromise is the act of each party giving up something ____18____ (reach) an agreement. By compromising, we show respect for the other’s feelings and needs, ____19____ can strengthen the bond. Moreover, compromise helps us develop better problem-solving skills. We should embrace compromise ____20____ a means of personal growth and harmonious living. 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，34分） 第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The English Writing League (EWL) sponsors the annual Essay Writing Competition, open to all students who are enrolled at a middle school, high school, or college during the academic year in which the article is submitted. The submissions that are judged first, second, and third best may be published in the online version of a sponsoring publication. The EWL reserves the right to award some, all, or no prizes, depending on its determination of quality of submissions. Entries that do not qualify for awards may also be considered for publication in future issues of our sponsoring publications. To enter, the student should submit an application and an original piece of writing in Word format via the form on the EWL website. The student should include a brief biography, including current school, current address, grade, and expected year of graduation. Essays submitted will be judged on the following criteria: ·Relevance to the category for which the essay is submitted ·Timeliness of the topic or theme ·Originality ·Quality and style of writing Applications and manuscripts must be submitted by 8:00 pm on September 1. The registration fee is $25 per person. Students who are unable to pay the entry fee should apply for a fee waiver at the time of submission. The EWL strives to ensure that all students may participate in the competition regardless of financial status. Plagiarism and AI-generated content will result in disqualification. Entries written in a language other than English and entries that contain inappropriate content will also be disqualified. Students may submit entries for up to three categories but may only submit one entry per category. The decisions of the judges are entirely their own, and are final and binding. Winners will be announced on or after November 1 on EWL website. 21. Who can sign up for the competition? A. Registered students. B. Language instructors. C Professional writers. D. College graduates. 22. What are participants required to do when they submit an essay? A. To hand in an application in person. B. To provide a brief self-introduction. C. To make a promise not to cheat. D. To pay a $25 entry fee per category. 23. Which of the following may qualify for the competition? A. An original personal story. B. An adaptation of others’ works. C. An essay written in Spanish. D. An article created by Deepseek. 24. Where is the passage most likely taken from? A. In a college application handbook. B. In the guidebook for a writing course. C. On the website of an organization. D. On the homepage of a college website. B A category of synthetic organisms termed “mirror life”, whose component molecules (分子) are mirror images of their natural counterpart, could pose huge risks to human life and ecosystems, according to a recent article in Science. Mirror life has to do with the universal phenomenon in the natural world in which a molecule or another object cannot simply be superimposed (重叠) on another. For example, your left hand can’t simply be turned over to match your right hand. This handedness is hugely important in biology because interactions between biomolecules rely on them having the expected form. For example, if a protein’s handedness is reversed, it cannot interact with partner molecules. The authors are worried about mirror bacteria, the simplest life-form their concerns apply to. The capability to create mirror bacteria does not yet exist and is “at least a decade away”, but progress is underway. Katarzyna Adamala, one co-author of the article, fears that mirror bacteria could lead to permanent ecological damage and loss of life. The initial enthusiasm for creating mirror versions of bacteria began with simpler imaginings. Researchers explored the use of mirror-image proteins and other molecules that are the building blocks of such an organism. One application is in drugs. Some drugs must be taken repeatedly because the body breaks them down. Mirror molecules resist this process, allowing drugs made from them to last longer. Many immune system mechanisms also rely on handedness. T cells, responsible for recognizing foreign invaders, for example, might fail to bind to something with the wrong handedness, which could help therapies made from mirror molecules avoid triggering immune reactions in patients. Another potential application of mirror bacteria might be bioreactors (生物反应器), biological factories that use cells or microorganisms to produce various compounds like antibiotics and other medicines. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) can wipe out bacteria-based bioreactors, costing huge amounts of time and money, but it is likely they wouldn’t infect mirror bacteria, because they wouldn’t recognize their molecules. It is these supposedly advantageous properties that gave rise to the scientists’ concerns. The ability to avoid immune responses could allow bacteria to cause deadly infections as they multiply uncontrollably. Unlike viruses, bacteria don’t require specific molecular interactions to infect hosts, and mirror bacteria could affect a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. And a lack of natural enemies could enable mirror bacteria to spread widely through ecosystems. 25. Why is “handedness” important in biology? A. It helps biomolecules to change functions when needed. B. It ensures biomolecules to recognize their reversed forms. C. It enables biomolecules to be superimposed on each other. D. It allows biomolecules to interact correctly with each other. 26. What is Adamala’s attitude towards the development of mirror bacteria? A. Defensive. B. Enthusiastic. C. Neutral. D. Worried. 27. What can we learn about the application of mirror life technology? A. Mirror molecules help to activate immune reactions. B. Mirror molecules can extend the effect of some drugs. C. Mirror bacteria can be used to cure some rare diseases. D. Mirror bacteria have the potential to damage bioreactors. 28. What is the passage mainly about? A. Process and challenges of mirror life research. B. Applications and benefits of mirror molecules. C. The concept and potential impacts of mirror life. D. Replacement of natural bacteria by mirror bacteria. C With the release of large language models (LLMs), people are trying to understand the nature of their intelligence. Many people view LLMs as similar to an individual human mind. Others have proposed entirely different ways of conceptualizing them: as role players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technologies like libraries and encyclopedias; as mirrors of human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI world on how to think about LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array of metaphors. Given our limited understanding of LLMs, it has been argued that “metaphors (比喻) are all we have for the moment to circle that black box.” Humans tend to anthropomorphize nonhumans, including animals, corporations, and even the weather. But we are particularly vulnerable to this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first person pronouns, and telling us about their “feelings”. Some experts urge the public to avoid anthropomorphizing AI and to think of AI systems as “tools” rather than as “creatures”, but LLMs are designed to achieve quite the opposite effect: to make humans conceptualize them as individual minds. The LLM-as-mind metaphor is being used in legal arguments. All the big AI companies have trained their models on copyrighted texts without permission or compensation; and therefore facing lawsuits for copyright infringement (侵犯版权). Defendants argue that AI training on copyrighted materials is “fair use”, since LLMs are like human minds. They believe “If everything is just copyright then we shouldn’t be reading textbooks and learning because that would be copyright infringement.” Legal scholar Jacqueline Charlesworth countered that this metaphor is intentionally misleading: “AI companies rely on our natural understanding of human intellectual ability and anthropomorphic language to encourage the misperception that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable of conceptual thinking and generalization from specific knowledge.” Going further, linguist Emily Bender noted that equating an LLM’s processing of its training text with a human reading and learning from books “rests on minimizing what it is to be human”. AI researchers are still struggling to find the right metaphors to understand our mysterious creations. But as we humans make choices on how we use these systems, how we study them, and how we craft and apply laws and regulations to keep them safe and ethical, we need to be acutely aware of the often unconscious metaphors that shape our evolving understanding of the nature of their intelligence. 29. Why are various metaphors mentioned in Paragraph 2? A. To highlight LLMs’ multiple functions. B. To demonstrate conflicting perspectives. C. To express human concerns over LLMs. D. To show the limitation of human cognition. 30. What does the underlined word “anthropomorphize” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Humanize. B. Simplify. C. Automate. D. Prioritize. 31. What will Charlesworth probably agree with? A. AI machines learn and create like human beings do. B. The public should regard LLMs as conscious beings. C. AI training on copyrighted materials requires permission. D. Using LLMs harms human conceptual thinking and creativity. 32. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To advocate giving legal personhood to various LLMs. B. To show the disagreements on the understanding of LLMs. C. To discuss the legal and ethical problems caused by LLMs. D. To warn us of the hidden influences of metaphorizing LLMs. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Conflict Avoidance Doesn’t Do You Any Favors Imagine this scenario: You’ve been working hard on a presentation for several weeks, but a co-worker jumps in and takes all the credit for your work. Instead of rightly speaking up, you choose to silently step back. ____33____ Aside from our work life, avoiding conflict can manifest in our romantic relationships, friendships, and even family dynamics. Many of these tendencies can be traced back to growing up in an environment that was dismissive (鄙视的) or hypercritical. People who respond to conflict this way often expect negative outcomes and find it difficult to trust the other person’s reaction. ____34____ However, disagreeing with someone doesn’t necessarily mean “fighting”. It’s not about blaming the other person or proving who’s right and wrong in a given situation. Conflict resolution is about standing up for yourself and communicating when you feel angry or frustrated. Before confronting someone, try examining your feelings. ____35____ You can try the following affirmations: “It’s OK to feel however I’m feeling at this moment — my emotions are valid.” “I am worthy and deserving of being heard.” Drawing upon your sensory toolbox also helps. If you’re a visual person, you can relieve stress by closing your eyes and imagining soothing images. Similarly, if you’re more comforted by smells, keeping an essential oil on hand is a good choice. One last step before confronting someone is having a plan. Clearly define what you’d like to resolve. Then, write down canned, factual responses to use when needed, like “I worked late for the past two weeks while my co-worker didn’t turn in their share of the research.” ____36____ You’ll feel confident when addressing them. ____37____ While it’s OK to never confront others, being able to resolve issues effectively means accepting it as a healthy part of communicating with others. Remember, disagreeing provides deeper understanding and makes it easier to connect with our friends, partners, and co-workers. A. Practise the key points you’d like to get across. B. Different cultures have diverse ways of handling conflicts. C. Conflict is a normal part of our personal and professional lives. D. In other words, expressing your opinion firmly can seem pretty scary. E. Rather than allow conflicts to run wild in your head, try a firmer approach. F. Being conflict avoidant means withdrawing from possible disagreements at all costs. G. Instead of holding back emotions, try looking at them through the lens of self-compassion. 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，26分） 第一节（共4小题；第56—58小题各2分，第59小题5分，共11分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Many people feel pressured to “find” their purpose — a single revelation that brings deep fulfillment. The reality is that purpose is not something to find; it’s something we create. And to do this, we need to recognize the “purpose anchors” that already exist around us. A purpose anchor can be thought of as a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. So, how do we identify them? To reconnect with your purpose, it can be helpful to think back to what excited you as a child. What activities or hobbies made you lose track of time? What were you drawn to instinctively, before you learned to doubt or suppress those desires? Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted (纯净的) passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward. Sometimes, our purpose becomes clouded by the overwhelming number of tasks and responsibilities. Over time, we may find ourselves buried under a mountain of obligations, many of which drain our energy and prevent us from engaging with what truly matters. A great way to identify purpose anchors is by practicing the art of subtraction. Make a list of all your work-related roles and responsibilities. Which ones drain your energy? Remove or reduce them, so you can focus on what remains — something that gives you energy and a sense of meaning. If neither of the above methods seem to yield results, consider trying the “spaghetti method”. This approach is all about experimentation. Throw a bunch of “spaghetti” against the wall and see what sticks. Say yes to people or opportunities you might typically avoid. Try activities that make you slightly uncomfortable or curious. Push yourself outside your usual routines to discover new experiences that might light you up. Allow yourself to be guided by curiosity rather than certainty. If you try something and it excites you, that could very well be a purpose anchor in the making. Building a life of purpose isn’t about waiting for the perfect revelation to come. It’s about creating your life step by step. 38. What is a purpose anchor according to the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 39. How do joys of childhood help identify your life purpose? ________________________________________________________________ 40. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities. ________________________________________________________________ 41. Besides the methods in the passage, what is your way to find a purpose anchor? Please explain. (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 第二节（15分） 42. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你收到选修课外教Jim的邮件，请阅读并回复。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Subject: Your Input Needed From: Jim Smith JimSmith@ happymail.com To: Students who registered for “Cross-Cultural Communication” Dear all, Thank you for choosing the course “Cross-Cultural Communication” next semester. To make it a better experience for all, I’d love to have your input. Please reply with 1 a particular topic you are curious about; 2. a short explanation of why it interests you. Your input will help shape our course, and I’ll choose the most popular topics to discuss in class. Looking forward to your feedback. Best regards, Jim Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 海淀区2025年高二年级学业水平调研 英语 本试卷共8页，共四部分，60道题，满分100分。考试时长90分钟。试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。 第一部分：听力理解（共三节，20分） 第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分） 听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。 1. When will the speakers meet? A. On Wednesday. B. On Thursday. C. On Friday. 2. Which device will the speakers probably buy? A. A smartphone. B. A headset. C. A bicycle. 3. What does the man like about time travel stories? A. Their settings. B. Their themes. C. Their plots. 4. What are the speakers going to do next? A. Role play a job interview. B. Review the job description. C. Meet the marketing manager. 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有两道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。 听第5段材料，回答第5至6小题。 5. What does the woman have to do? A. Assess hotel facilities. B. Enhance hotel cleanliness. C. Handle customer feedback. 6. How does the woman describe her job? A. Ideal. B. Challenging. C. Tiring. 听第6段材料，回答第7至8小题。 7. What happened to the woman’s package? A. It was severely damaged. B. It was sent to the wrong address. C. It was lost somewhere along the way. 8. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers? A. Neighbours. B. Fellow workers. C. Customer and deliveryman. 听第7段材料，回答第9至10小题。 9. What does the woman think of animal testing? A. Crucial. B. Effective. C. Cruel. 10. What are the speakers mainly talking about? A. The necessity of animal testing. B. The methods of animal protection. C. The advancement in animal treatment. 听第8段材料，回答第11至12小题。 11. Which room is the woman going to rent? A. Room A. B. Room B. C. Room C. 12. What will the monthly rent be for the woman? A. $900. B. $800. C. $700. 听第9段材料，回答第13至14小题。 13 What is the speaker doing? A. Hosting a program. B. Giving a presentation. C. Introducing a project. 14. What is the speaker concerned about? A. Ethical issues related to AI. B. Absence of AI use regulations. C. AI’s inability to make decisions. 第三节（共4小题，每小题1.5分，共6分） 听下面一段独白，完成第15至18四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。 How to Plan a Meaningful Summer Vacation Stick to a study routine ·Review materials you’ve learned to 15 your understanding of the subjects ·Practice daily in weaker subjects to make progress Try some 16 practice ·Take on part-time jobs to gain real-life experience ·Do some 17 work to develop responsibility Make sure to enjoy yourself ·Watch a movie or take a trip to 18 and recharge after studying ·Spend time with family and friends to keep you mentally and emotionally healthy 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，20分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The dismissal letter trembled in my hand and the company logo was clouded by tears that carried the smell of burnt coffee and shame. At thirty-two, I was ____1____ from the Vice President position I’d struggled for six years to achieve. Three weeks into unemployment, I kept cleaning coffee rings off my desk — marks of ____2____ late-night work sessions. One morning, Mrs. Rosetti, my Italian friend, marched into my apartment, holding a coffee pot and a bag of Ethiopian coffee beans. “Let’s learn to make something real,” she said. “Then we’ll talk about living.” What began as a distraction became a(n) ____3____. I learned how the minerals in water might affect the flavor, and how the foam on a cappuccino whispered truths that office reports never captured. The real ____4____ point arrived during a cupping (品鉴) session at a Queens Café. When I described a flavor as “layoffs after a company merger (合并) hidden in chocolate tones”, the owner of the café, a former Wall Street analyst, said: “You ____5____ stories in the beans.” Six months later, my coffee shop “Layoff Latte Art” was ____6____. It serves special drinks ____7____ career challenges: one for those switching careers midlife and another symbolizing startup pains. Each cup comes with a note about the beans’ journey from mountain to cup, and space for customers to write their own ____8____ of starting over. It’s amazing to read the experiences that people share. The anxiety ____9____, replaced by rhythmic hum of the coffee machine. Now, when the morning light hits the milk jug just right, I no longer see the shadow of my former high-achieving self. ____10____, I see a woman who, just like the coffee beans, allows herself to be transformed into something richer, deeper, and far braver. 1. A. cut off B. laid off C. dropped off D. wiped off 2. A. careless B. fearless C. hopeless D. countless 3. A. association B. celebration C. inspiration D. contribution 4. A. turning B. breaking C. meeting D. shining 5. A. hear B. read C. taste D. write 6. A. born B. bought C. discovered D. exhibited 7. A. facing B. handling C. mirroring D. predicting 8. A. recipes B. reports C. secrets D. stories 9. A. grew B. eased C. spread D. remained 10. A. Instead B. Moreover C. Meanwhile D. Therefore 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了32岁的主人公从副总裁职位被解雇后，在朋友的帮助下通过学习制作咖啡找到新方向，最终开设了自己的咖啡店“裁员拿铁艺术”，并在这个过程中实现自我转变的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：32岁那年，我被解雇了，失去了我奋斗了六年才得到的副总裁职位。A. cut off切断；B. laid off解雇；C. dropped off减少；D. wiped off擦去。根据上文“The dismissal letter trembled in my hand”以及下文“Three weeks into unemployment”可知，作者收到了解雇信，他失业了，因此是被“解雇”了。故选B项。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：失业三周后，我一直在清理桌子上的咖啡渍 —— 那是无数次深夜工作留下的痕迹。A. careless粗心的；B. fearless无畏的；C. hopeless绝望的；D. countless无数的。根据上文“Three weeks into unemployment, I kept cleaning coffee rings off my desk”可知，作者一直在清理桌子上的咖啡渍，说明作者之前有很多次深夜工作的时刻，因此是留下了“无数的”痕迹。故选D项。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初只是为了分散注意力，后来却成了灵感来源。A. association协会；B. celebration庆祝；C. inspiration灵感；D. contribution贡献。根据下文“I learned how the minerals in water might affect the flavor, and how the foam on a cappuccino whispered truths that office reports never captured.”可知，作者从制作咖啡中学到了很多东西，这些东西是办公室报告里从未捕捉到的，因此制作咖啡成了作者的“灵感”来源。故选C项。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正的转折点出现在皇后区一家咖啡馆的品鉴会上。A. turning转折；B. breaking打破；C. meeting会议；D. shining闪耀。根据下文“When I described a flavor as “layoffs after a company merger (合并) hidden in chocolate tones”, the owner of the café, a former Wall Street analyst, said: “You ___5___ stories in the beans.””可知，作者在品鉴会上描述了一种味道，并得到了咖啡馆老板的认可，因此这是一个“转折”点，turning point为固定搭配，意为“转折点”。故选A项。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：咖啡馆老板，一位前华尔街分析师，说：“你能从豆子里读出故事。”A. hear听见；B. read读出；C. taste品尝；D. write写。根据上文“When I described a flavor as “layoffs after a company merger (合并) hidden in chocolate tones”,”可知，作者描述了一种味道，并说这种味道里隐藏着公司合并后的裁员，因此咖啡馆老板说作者能从豆子里“读出”故事。故选B项。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：六个月后，我的咖啡店“裁员拿铁艺术”诞生了。A. born出生，诞生；B. bought买；C. discovered发现；D. exhibited展览。根据下文“It serves special drinks”可知，作者的咖啡店开始营业了，即“诞生”了。故选A项。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它提供反映职业挑战的特色饮品：一种是为那些中年转行的人准备的，另一种象征着创业的艰辛。A. facing面对；B. handling处理；C. mirroring反映；D. predicting预测。根据下文“one for those switching careers midlife and another symbolizing startup pains.”可知，咖啡店提供的特色饮品“反映”了职业挑战，一种是为中年转行的人准备的，另一种象征着创业的艰辛。故选C项。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每杯咖啡都附有一张关于咖啡豆从山上到杯子的旅程的便条，还有空间让顾客写下自己重新开始的故事。A. recipes食谱；B. reports报告；C. secrets秘密；D. stories故事。根据下文“It’s amazing to read the experiences that people share.”可知，顾客会分享的是他们自己的经历，因此是写下了他们重新开始的“故事”。故选D项。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：焦虑减轻了，取而代之的是咖啡机有节奏的嗡嗡声。A. grew成长；B. eased减轻，缓解；C. spread传播；D. remained保持。根据下文“replaced by rhythmic hum of the coffee machine”可知，焦虑被咖啡机有节奏的嗡嗡声取代了，因此焦虑是“减轻，缓解”了。故选B项。 【10题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我看到的是一个女人，就像咖啡豆一样，允许自己被转化成更丰富、更深邃、更勇敢的东西。A. Instead相反；B. Moreover而且；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“Now, when the morning light hits the milk jug just right, I no longer see the shadow of my former high-achieving self.”以及下文“I see a woman who, just like the coffee beans, allows herself to be transformed into something richer, deeper, and far braver.”可知，现在作者不再看到自己以前那个成就斐然的自己的影子了，相反，作者看到了一个像咖啡豆一样，允许自己被转化成更丰富、更深邃、更勇敢的东西的女人，上下文是转折关系。故选A项。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When Grace fell ill, her garden was drying up. Her neighbour, Lily, ____11____ (kind) stepped up and took over all the plant watering and weed pulling. When Grace recovered, she ____12____ (touch) by Lily’s kindness. They began gardening together, forming a close friendship. Their shared love for the garden connected them, showing how small acts of care build meaningful relationships. Over time, the garden, ____13____ (fill) with flowers they planted together, became a symbol of their bond. 【答案】11. kindly 12. was touched 13. filled 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Grace生病时，邻居Lily帮忙照料花园，Grace康复后两人开始一起打理花园，从而建立了深厚的友谊的故事。花园成为了她们友谊的象征，展示了小小的关怀如何能建立有意义的关系。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：她的邻居Lily好心地站出来，承担了所有的植物浇水和除草工作。修饰动词stepped up，应用kind的副词形式kindly作状语，意为“好心地”。故填kindly。 【12题详解】 考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：Grace康复后，被Lily的善良所感动。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，根据上文When Grace recovered可知，句子描述的是过去的情况，应用一般过去时，touch和主语she之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语she为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填was touched。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的推移，花园里种满了她们一起种的花，成为了她们友谊的象征。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词became，且无其它连词，所以fill应用非谓语动词形式，因其与逻辑主语the garden之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填filled。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 “Sir, what does the saying ‘Isn’t it a delight to learn and constantly review things one has learned’ mean?” A fourth grader ____14____ (pose) this question to the virtual Confucius on the screen. The digital figure replied, “It means we need to constantly review ____15____ we have learned. By doing this, we gain new insights.” In this case, the AI teaching assistant provided students with an ____16____ (interact) learning experience. It’s not rare. Nowadays, the integration of AI and education ____17____ (change) the way schools are organized. 【答案】14. posed 15. what 16. interactive 17. is changing##has been changing 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能与教育相结合，为学生提供互动学习体验，并改变了学校的组织方式。 【14题详解】 考查时态。句意：“先生，‘学而时习之，不亦说乎’这句话是什么意思？”一名四年级学生向屏幕上的虚拟孔子提出了这个问题。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，根据语境以及下文“The digital figure replied”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填posed。 【15题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这个数字形象回答说：“它的意思是我们需要不断复习我们所学过的东西。通过这样做，我们获得了新的见解。”分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作review的宾语，从句缺少宾语，表示“所……的东西”，应用连接代词what来引导。故填what。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在这种情况下，人工智能教学助手为学生提供了一种交互式的学习体验。修饰名词短语learning experience，应用interact的形容词形式interactive作定语，意为“交互式的；互动的”。故填interactive。 【17题详解】 考查时态及主谓一致。句意：如今，人工智能与教育的融合正在改变学校的组织方式。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语Nowadays可知，此处表示当前正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，主语the integration of AI and education为单数形式，be动词应用is。此外，也可用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，助动词用has。故填is changing/has been changing。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Conflict is part of our life and can occur in various settings. When left unaddressed, it can cause stress and damage relationships. One of the most effective approaches to dealing with conflict is through compromise. Compromise is the act of each party giving up something ____18____ (reach) an agreement. By compromising, we show respect for the other’s feelings and needs, ____19____ can strengthen the bond. Moreover, compromise helps us develop better problem-solving skills. We should embrace compromise ____20____ a means of personal growth and harmonious living. 【答案】18. to reach 19. which 20. as 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了冲突是生活的一部分，而妥协是解决冲突的有效方法之一，妥协有助于加强关系、提升解决问题的能力，是个人成长和和谐生活的一种方式。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：妥协是各方为达成协议而放弃某些东西的行为。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，所以reach应用非谓语动词形式，根据句意可知，此处表示“为了达成协议”，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to reach。 【19题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：通过妥协，我们表现出对对方感受和需求的尊重，这可以加强我们之间的联系。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面的整个句子，在从句中作主语，应用which引导从句。故填which。 【20题详解】 考查介词。句意：我们应该把妥协视为个人成长与和谐生活的一种方式。根据句意可知，此处表示“作为……；视为……”，应用介词as。故填as。 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，34分） 第一节（共12小题；每小题2分，共24分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The English Writing League (EWL) sponsors the annual Essay Writing Competition, open to all students who are enrolled at a middle school, high school, or college during the academic year in which the article is submitted. The submissions that are judged first, second, and third best may be published in the online version of a sponsoring publication. The EWL reserves the right to award some, all, or no prizes, depending on its determination of quality of submissions. Entries that do not qualify for awards may also be considered for publication in future issues of our sponsoring publications. To enter, the student should submit an application and an original piece of writing in Word format via the form on the EWL website. The student should include a brief biography, including current school, current address, grade, and expected year of graduation. Essays submitted will be judged on the following criteria: ·Relevance to the category for which the essay is submitted ·Timeliness of the topic or theme ·Originality ·Quality and style of writing Applications and manuscripts must be submitted by 8:00 pm on September 1. The registration fee is $25 per person. Students who are unable to pay the entry fee should apply for a fee waiver at the time of submission. The EWL strives to ensure that all students may participate in the competition regardless of financial status. Plagiarism and AI-generated content will result in disqualification. Entries written in a language other than English and entries that contain inappropriate content will also be disqualified. Students may submit entries for up to three categories but may only submit one entry per category. The decisions of the judges are entirely their own, and are final and binding. Winners will be announced on or after November 1 on EWL website. 21. Who can sign up for the competition? A. Registered students. B. Language instructors. C. Professional writers. D. College graduates. 22. What are participants required to do when they submit an essay? A. To hand in an application in person. B. To provide a brief self-introduction. C. To make a promise not to cheat. D. To pay a $25 entry fee per category. 23. Which of the following may qualify for the competition? A. An original personal story. B. An adaptation of others’ works. C. An essay written in Spanish. D. An article created by Deepseek. 24. Where is the passage most likely taken from? A. In a college application handbook. B. In the guidebook for a writing course. C. On the website of an organization. D. On the homepage of a college website. 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了英语写作联盟（EWL）赞助的年度征文比赛的相关信息，包括参赛资格、参赛要求、评审标准、参赛费用、参赛作品要求以及比赛结果公布等内容。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The English Writing League (EWL) sponsors the annual Essay Writing Competition, open to all students who are enrolled at a middle school, high school, or college during the academic year in which the article is submitted. (英语写作联盟（EWL）赞助年度征文比赛，比赛面向在提交文章学年期间就读于中学、高中或大学的所有学生开放。)”可知，只有注册入学的学生才能报名参加比赛。故选A项。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The student should include a brief biography, including current school, current address, grade, and expected year of graduation. (学生应包括一份简短的自我介绍，包括目前的学校、目前的地址、年级和预计毕业年份。)”可知，参赛者在提交文章时需要提供一份简短的自我介绍。故选B项。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Plagiarism and AI-generated content will result in disqualification. Entries written in a language other than English and entries that contain inappropriate content will also be disqualified. (抄袭和人工智能生成的内容将导致取消资格。用非英语书写的参赛作品和包含不适当内容的参赛作品也将被取消资格。)”可知，抄袭和人工智能生成的内容、非英语书写的参赛作品和包含不适当内容的参赛作品都将被取消资格，B项“An adaptation of others’ works. (改编他人的作品)”属于抄袭，C项“An essay written in Spanish. (一篇用西班牙语写的文章)”和D项“An article created by Deepseek. (Deepseek创建的文章)”属于人工智能生成的内容，均不符合要求，只有A项“An original personal story. (一个原创的个人故事)”符合要求。故选A项。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Winners will be announced on or after November 1 on EWL website. (获奖者将于11月1日或之后在EWL网站上公布。)”以及文章主要介绍了英语写作联盟（EWL）赞助的年度征文比赛的相关信息可知，文章最有可能来自一个组织的网站。故选C项。 B A category of synthetic organisms termed “mirror life”, whose component molecules (分子) are mirror images of their natural counterpart, could pose huge risks to human life and ecosystems, according to a recent article in Science. Mirror life has to do with the universal phenomenon in the natural world in which a molecule or another object cannot simply be superimposed (重叠) on another. For example, your left hand can’t simply be turned over to match your right hand. This handedness is hugely important in biology because interactions between biomolecules rely on them having the expected form. For example, if a protein’s handedness is reversed, it cannot interact with partner molecules. The authors are worried about mirror bacteria, the simplest life-form their concerns apply to. The capability to create mirror bacteria does not yet exist and is “at least a decade away”, but progress is underway. Katarzyna Adamala, one co-author of the article, fears that mirror bacteria could lead to permanent ecological damage and loss of life. The initial enthusiasm for creating mirror versions of bacteria began with simpler imaginings. Researchers explored the use of mirror-image proteins and other molecules that are the building blocks of such an organism. One application is in drugs. Some drugs must be taken repeatedly because the body breaks them down. Mirror molecules resist this process, allowing drugs made from them to last longer. Many immune system mechanisms also rely on handedness. T cells, responsible for recognizing foreign invaders, for example, might fail to bind to something with the wrong handedness, which could help therapies made from mirror molecules avoid triggering immune reactions in patients. Another potential application of mirror bacteria might be bioreactors (生物反应器), biological factories that use cells or microorganisms to produce various compounds like antibiotics and other medicines. Bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) can wipe out bacteria-based bioreactors, costing huge amounts of time and money, but it is likely they wouldn’t infect mirror bacteria, because they wouldn’t recognize their molecules. It is these supposedly advantageous properties that gave rise to the scientists’ concerns. The ability to avoid immune responses could allow bacteria to cause deadly infections as they multiply uncontrollably. Unlike viruses, bacteria don’t require specific molecular interactions to infect hosts, and mirror bacteria could affect a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, and plants. And a lack of natural enemies could enable mirror bacteria to spread widely through ecosystems. 25. Why is “handedness” important in biology? A. It helps biomolecules to change functions when needed. B. It ensures biomolecules to recognize their reversed forms. C. It enables biomolecules to be superimposed on each other. D. It allows biomolecules to interact correctly with each other. 26. What is Adamala’s attitude towards the development of mirror bacteria? A. Defensive. B. Enthusiastic. C. Neutral. D. Worried. 27. What can we learn about the application of mirror life technology? A. Mirror molecules help to activate immune reactions. B. Mirror molecules can extend the effect of some drugs. C. Mirror bacteria can be used to cure some rare diseases. D. Mirror bacteria have the potential to damage bioreactors. 28. What is the passage mainly about? A. Process and challenges of mirror life research. B. Applications and benefits of mirror molecules. C. The concept and potential impacts of mirror life. D. Replacement of natural bacteria by mirror bacteria. 【答案】25. D 26. D 27. B 28. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“镜像生命”这一合成生物类别的概念，以及其可能对人类生命和生态系统带来的巨大风险，同时探讨了镜像生命技术的潜在应用。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This handedness is hugely important in biology because interactions between biomolecules rely on them having the expected form. For example, if a protein’s handedness is reversed, it cannot interact with partner molecules. (这种手性在生物学中非常重要，因为生物分子之间的相互作用依赖于它们具有预期的形式。例如，如果蛋白质的手性颠倒，它就不能与配体分子相互作用。)”可知，手性在生物学中很重要是因为它允许生物分子之间正确地相互作用。故选D项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Katarzyna Adamala, one co-author of the article, fears that mirror bacteria could lead to permanent ecological damage and loss of life. (这篇文章的一位合著者Katarzyna Adamala担心，镜像细菌可能会对生态造成永久性破坏，并导致生命损失。)”可知，Adamala对镜像细菌的发展持担忧态度。故选D项。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some drugs must be taken repeatedly because the body breaks them down. Mirror molecules resist this process, allowing drugs made from them to last longer. (有些药物必须反复服用，因为身体会分解它们。镜像分子可以抵抗这一过程，使由它们制成的药物持续时间更长。)”可知，镜像分子可以延长某些药物的效果。故选B项。 【28题详解】 主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是根据第一段中“A category of synthetic organisms termed “mirror life”, whose component molecules (分子) are mirror images of their natural counterpart, could pose huge risks to human life and ecosystems, according to a recent article in Science. (根据最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇文章，一类被称为“镜像生命”的合成生物，其组成分子是自然界对应分子的镜像，可能对人类生命和生态系统构成巨大风险。)”可知，本文主要介绍了“镜像生命”的概念以及其可能对人类生命和生态系统带来的巨大风险，即镜像生命的潜在影响。故选C项。 C With the release of large language models (LLMs), people are trying to understand the nature of their intelligence. Many people view LLMs as similar to an individual human mind. Others have proposed entirely different ways of conceptualizing them: as role players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technologies like libraries and encyclopedias; as mirrors of human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI world on how to think about LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array of metaphors. Given our limited understanding of LLMs, it has been argued that “metaphors (比喻) are all we have for the moment to circle that black box.” Humans tend to anthropomorphize nonhumans, including animals, corporations, and even the weather. But we are particularly vulnerable to this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first person pronouns, and telling us about their “feelings”. Some experts urge the public to avoid anthropomorphizing AI and to think of AI systems as “tools” rather than as “creatures”, but LLMs are designed to achieve quite the opposite effect: to make humans conceptualize them as individual minds. The LLM-as-mind metaphor is being used in legal arguments. All the big AI companies have trained their models on copyrighted texts without permission or compensation; and therefore facing lawsuits for copyright infringement (侵犯版权). Defendants argue that AI training on copyrighted materials is “fair use”, since LLMs are like human minds. They believe “If everything is just copyright then we shouldn’t be reading textbooks and learning because that would be copyright infringement.” Legal scholar Jacqueline Charlesworth countered that this metaphor is intentionally misleading: “AI companies rely on our natural understanding of human intellectual ability and anthropomorphic language to encourage the misperception that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable of conceptual thinking and generalization from specific knowledge.” Going further, linguist Emily Bender noted that equating an LLM’s processing of its training text with a human reading and learning from books “rests on minimizing what it is to be human”. AI researchers are still struggling to find the right metaphors to understand our mysterious creations. But as we humans make choices on how we use these systems, how we study them, and how we craft and apply laws and regulations to keep them safe and ethical, we need to be acutely aware of the often unconscious metaphors that shape our evolving understanding of the nature of their intelligence. 29. Why are various metaphors mentioned in Paragraph 2? A To highlight LLMs’ multiple functions. B. To demonstrate conflicting perspectives. C. To express human concerns over LLMs. D. To show the limitation of human cognition. 30. What does the underlined word “anthropomorphize” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Humanize. B. Simplify. C. Automate. D. Prioritize. 31. What will Charlesworth probably agree with? A. AI machines learn and create like human beings do. B. The public should regard LLMs as conscious beings. C. AI training on copyrighted materials requires permission. D. Using LLMs harms human conceptual thinking and creativity. 32. What’s the purpose of the passage? A. To advocate giving legal personhood to various LLMs. B. To show the disagreements on the understanding of LLMs. C. To discuss the legal and ethical problems caused by LLMs. D. To warn us of the hidden influences of metaphorizing LLMs. 【答案】29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了人们对大型语言模型（LLMs）本质的不同理解，通过比喻的方式揭示了这些理解上的分歧，并强调了这些比喻对法律、伦理和人类认知的潜在影响。 29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many people view LLMs as similar to an individual human mind. Others have proposed entirely different ways of conceptualizing them: as role players that can imitate many different characters; as cultural technologies like libraries and encyclopedias; as mirrors of human intelligence... The disagreements in the AI world on how to think about LLMs are clearly revealed in this diverse array of metaphors. (许多人认为大型语言模型类似于个体的人类思维。其他人则提出了完全不同的概念化方式：将它们视为能够模仿许多不同角色的角色扮演者；视为像图书馆和百科全书这样的文化技术；视为人类智能的镜子……在这个多样化的比喻中，人工智能世界对如何看待大型语言模型的分歧显而易见。)”可知，第二段提到各种比喻是为了展示人们对LLMs的不同看法，即冲突的观点。故选B项。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“But we are particularly vulnerable to this tendency when faced with AI systems that talk with us in fluent language, using first person pronouns, and telling us about their “feelings”. (但是，当我们面对使用流利的语言与我们交谈、使用第一人称代词并告诉我们它们的“感受”的人工智能系统时，我们特别容易受到这种倾向的影响。)”可知，人类倾向于将非人类的事物，包括动物、公司甚至天气都拟人化，由此可推知，划线单词“anthropomorphize”指的是“将非人类的事物赋予人类的特征或行为”，即“拟人化”，与“Humanize (使人性化)”意思相近。故选A项。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Legal scholar Jacqueline Charlesworth countered that this metaphor is intentionally misleading: “AI companies rely on our natural understanding of human intellectual ability and anthropomorphic language to encourage the misperception that AI machines learn and create like humans — that is, that they are capable of conceptual thinking and generalization from specific knowledge.” (法律学者Jacqueline Charlesworth反驳说，这个比喻是故意误导人的：“人工智能公司依赖我们对人类智力能力的自然理解以及拟人化的语言，来鼓励人们误解人工智能机器像人类一样学习和创造 —— 也就是说，它们能够进行概念性思考和从特定知识中进行概括。”)”可知，Charlesworth认为AI公司使用“LLM-as-mind”这个比喻是误导人的，她强调AI机器并不像人类一样学习和创造，由此可推知，她可能认为在受版权保护的材料上训练AI需要得到许可，而不是像被告所主张的那样是“合理使用”。故选C项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“AI researchers are still struggling to find the right metaphors to understand our mysterious creations. But as we humans make choices on how we use these systems, how we study them, and how we craft and apply laws and regulations to keep them safe and ethical, we need to be acutely aware of the often unconscious metaphors that shape our evolving understanding of the nature of their intelligence. (人工智能研究人员仍在努力寻找合适的比喻来理解我们神秘的创造物。但是，当我们人类选择如何使用这些系统、如何研究它们，以及如何制定和应用法律法规来确保它们的安全和道德时，我们需要敏锐地意识到那些常常是无意识的比喻，这些比喻塑造了我们对其智能本质不断演变的理解。)”可知，文章主要讨论了人们对LLMs本质的不同理解，通过比喻的方式揭示了这些理解上的分歧，并强调了这些比喻对法律、伦理和人类认知的潜在影响，由此可推知，文章的目的是警告我们比喻化LLMs的潜在影响。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Conflict Avoidance Doesn’t Do You Any Favors Imagine this scenario: You’ve been working hard on a presentation for several weeks, but a co-worker jumps in and takes all the credit for your work. Instead of rightly speaking up, you choose to silently step back. ____33____ Aside from our work life, avoiding conflict can manifest in our romantic relationships, friendships, and even family dynamics. Many of these tendencies can be traced back to growing up in an environment that was dismissive (鄙视的) or hypercritical. People who respond to conflict this way often expect negative outcomes and find it difficult to trust the other person’s reaction. ____34____ However, disagreeing with someone doesn’t necessarily mean “fighting”. It’s not about blaming the other person or proving who’s right and wrong in a given situation. Conflict resolution is about standing up for yourself and communicating when you feel angry or frustrated. Before confronting someone, try examining your feelings. ____35____ You can try the following affirmations: “It’s OK to feel however I’m feeling at this moment — my emotions are valid.” “I am worthy and deserving of being heard.” Drawing upon your sensory toolbox also helps. If you’re a visual person, you can relieve stress by closing your eyes and imagining soothing images. Similarly, if you’re more comforted by smells, keeping an essential oil on hand is a good choice. One last step before confronting someone is having a plan. Clearly define what you’d like to resolve. Then, write down canned, factual responses to use when needed, like “I worked late for the past two weeks while my co-worker didn’t turn in their share of the research.” ____36____ You’ll feel confident when addressing them. ____37____ While it’s OK to never confront others, being able to resolve issues effectively means accepting it as a healthy part of communicating with others. Remember, disagreeing provides deeper understanding and makes it easier to connect with our friends, partners, and co-workers. A. Practise the key points you’d like to get across. B. Different cultures have diverse ways of handling conflicts. C. Conflict is a normal part of our personal and professional lives. D. In other words, expressing your opinion firmly can seem pretty scary. E. Rather than allow conflicts to run wild in your head, try a firmer approach. F. Being conflict avoidant means withdrawing from possible disagreements at all costs. G. Instead of holding back emotions, try looking at them through the lens of self-compassion. 【答案】33. F 34. D 35. G 36. A 37. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了避免冲突并不总是对你有利，阐述人们避免冲突的根源并给出了在面对冲突时如何有效处理的建议。 【33题详解】 根据上文“Imagine this scenario: You’ve been working hard on a presentation for several weeks, but a co-worker jumps in and takes all the credit for your work. Instead of rightly speaking up, you choose to silently step back. (想象一下这样的场景：你几周来一直在努力准备一个报告，但一个同事跳出来，把你的功劳全抢走了。你没有正确地站出来说话，而是选择默默地退后。)”以及下文“Aside from our work life, avoiding conflict can manifest in our romantic relationships, friendships, and even family dynamics. (除了工作生活，避免冲突还会体现在我们的恋爱关系、友谊甚至家庭关系中。)”可知，上文描述了一个人在面对冲突时选择避免冲突的场景，下文提到逃避冲突在恋爱关系、友谊甚至家庭关系中也会出现，F选项“Being conflict avoidant means withdrawing from possible disagreements at all costs. (避免冲突意味着不惜一切代价避免可能的分歧。)”承上启下，对上文中的行为进行了总结，说明了避免冲突的含义，同时引出下文避免冲突在其它多个方面的体现。故选F项。 【34题详解】 根据上文“Many of these tendencies can be traced back to growing up in an environment that was dismissive (鄙视的) or hypercritical. People who respond to conflict this way often expect negative outcomes and find it difficult to trust the other person’s reaction. (这些倾向中的许多都可以追溯到在一个轻视或过于挑剔的环境中成长。以这种方式应对冲突的人往往预期会有负面结果，并且发现很难相信对方的反应。)”可知，上文解释了人们会选择避免冲突的根源来自成长环境使他们存在负面预期和信任缺失，D选项“In other words, expressing your opinion firmly can seem pretty scary. (换句话说，坚定地表达自己的观点似乎相当可怕。)”，进一步解释了人们避免冲突的心理，即害怕表达自己的观点，与上文语意和逻辑一致。故选D项。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Before confronting someone, try examining your feelings. (在面对某人之前，试着审视自己感受。)”以及下文“You can try the following affirmations: “It’s OK to feel however I’m feeling at this moment — my emotions are valid.” “I am worthy and deserving of being heard.” (你可以尝试以下肯定句：‘此刻我有任何感受都是可以的——我的情绪是合理的。’‘我有价值，值得被倾听。’)”可知，上文建议审视自己的感受，下文给出了具体的肯定句来帮助处理情绪，G选项“Instead of holding back emotions, try looking at them through the lens of self-compassion. (与其压抑情绪，不如试着从自我同情的角度来看待它们。)”，承接上文，说明了要正确处理情绪，而不是压抑情绪，又与下文的自我肯定相呼应。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“One last step before confronting someone is having a plan. Clearly define what you’d like to resolve. Then, write down canned, factual responses to use when needed, like “I worked late for the past two weeks while my co-worker didn’t turn in their share of the research.” (在面对某人之前的最后一步是制定计划。明确你想要解决的问题。然后，写下一些固定的、事实性的回答，以便在需要时使用，比如“过去两周我加班工作，而我的同事却没有提交他们那份研究报告。”)”可知，上文建议在面对冲突前要制定计划，并给出了具体的做法，A选项“Practise the key points you’d like to get across. (练习你想表达的关键点。)”，进一步给出了制定计划中的另一个具体做法，即练习要表达的关键点。故选A项。 【37题详解】 根据下文“While it’s OK to never confront others, being able to resolve issues effectively means accepting it as a healthy part of communicating with others. Remember, disagreeing provides deeper understanding and makes it easier to connect with our friends, partners, and co-workers. (虽然永远不与他人对抗也没关系，但能够有效地解决问题意味着要接受这是与他人沟通的一个健康部分。记住，分歧能提供更深的理解，使与我们朋友、伴侣和同事的联系更容易。)”可知，下文强调了冲突在人际关系中的正常性以及处理冲突的重要性，C选项“Conflict is a normal part of our personal and professional lives. (冲突是我们个人生活和职业生活中正常的一部分。)”引出了下文的话题，即冲突的正常性。故选C项。 第四部分：书面表达（共两节，26分） 第一节（共4小题；第56—58小题各2分，第59小题5分，共11分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 Many people feel pressured to “find” their purpose — a single revelation that brings deep fulfillment. The reality is that purpose is not something to find; it’s something we create. And to do this, we need to recognize the “purpose anchors” that already exist around us. A purpose anchor can be thought of as a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. So, how do we identify them? To reconnect with your purpose, it can be helpful to think back to what excited you as a child. What activities or hobbies made you lose track of time? What were you drawn to instinctively, before you learned to doubt or suppress those desires? Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted (纯净的) passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward. Sometimes, our purpose becomes clouded by the overwhelming number of tasks and responsibilities. Over time, we may find ourselves buried under a mountain of obligations, many of which drain our energy and prevent us from engaging with what truly matters. A great way to identify purpose anchors is by practicing the art of subtraction. Make a list of all your work-related roles and responsibilities. Which ones drain your energy? Remove or reduce them, so you can focus on what remains — something that gives you energy and a sense of meaning. If neither of the above methods seem to yield results, consider trying the “spaghetti method”. This approach is all about experimentation. Throw a bunch of “spaghetti” against the wall and see what sticks. Say yes to people or opportunities you might typically avoid. Try activities that make you slightly uncomfortable or curious. Push yourself outside your usual routines to discover new experiences that might light you up. Allow yourself to be guided by curiosity rather than certainty. If you try something and it excites you, that could very well be a purpose anchor in the making. Building a life of purpose isn’t about waiting for the perfect revelation to come. It’s about creating your life step by step. 38. What is a purpose anchor according to the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 39. How do joys of childhood help identify your life purpose? ________________________________________________________________ 40. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities. ________________________________________________________________ 41. Besides the methods in the passage, what is your way to find a purpose anchor? Please explain. (In about 40 words) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】38. A purpose anchor is a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. 39. Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward. 或 Revisiting childhood joys can reveal raw, untainted passions with potential, and rediscovering them can light up a meaningful path for life purpose. 40. One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities. “shoulder more responsibilities” is false. According to the passage, a practical way is to remove or reduce responsibilities that drain your energy. 41. I would reflect on my strengths and skills to find a purpose anchor. For instance, if I excel in writing and communication, I might explore careers or hobbies related to writing or public speaking, finding purpose in areas where I can utilize my talents effectively. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“人生目标”展开讨论，指出目标并非找到的，而是创造的，并介绍了识别“目标锚点”的几种方法，如回顾童年乐趣、减法法则、“意大利面法”等。 【38题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“A purpose anchor can be thought of as a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. (目标锚点可以被看作是一种稳定和基础的来源，帮助你与自己的核心价值观和人生使命保持联系。)”可知，目标锚点是一种稳定和基础的来源，帮助你与自己的核心价值观和人生使命保持联系。故答案为：A purpose anchor is a source of stability and grounding that helps you stay connected to your core values and life’s mission. 【39题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward. (重新回顾那些小时候给你带来快乐的事情，可以发现那些仍然具有潜力的原始而纯净的激情。重新发现这些早期的激情可以照亮一条有意义的前进道路。)”可知，童年的乐趣能揭示那些原始、纯净且仍有潜力的热情，重新发现这些早期热情可为人生目标指明有意义的方向。故答案为：Revisiting the things that brought you joy as a child can reveal the raw, untainted passions that still hold potential. Rediscovering these early passions can light up a meaningful path forward./Revisiting childhood joys can reveal raw, untainted passions with potential, and rediscovering them can light up a meaningful path for life purpose. 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段中“A great way to identify purpose anchors is by practicing the art of subtraction. Make a list of all your work-related roles and responsibilities. Which ones drain your energy? Remove or reduce them, so you can focus on what remains — something that gives you energy and a sense of meaning. (识别目标锚点的一个好方法是练习减法艺术。列出你所有与工作相关的角色和责任。哪些消耗了你的精力？去掉或减少它们，这样你就可以专注于剩下的东西——那些能给你能量和意义感的东西。)”可知，识别目标锚点的一个好方法是去掉或减少消耗精力的责任，而不是承担更多的责任，所以“One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities.”中“shoulder more responsibilities”表述错误。故答案为：One practical way to identify a purpose anchor is to shoulder more responsibilities. “shoulder more responsibilities” is false. According to the passage, a practical way is to remove or reduce responsibilities that drain your energy. 【41题详解】 考查开放性问题。我认为可以通过反思自己的优势和技能来找到目标锚点。例如，如果擅长写作和沟通，那么可以探索与写作或沟通相关的职业或爱好，如成为作家、编辑或参与公共演讲等。这样，可以找到既能发挥自己优势又能带来满足感的目标锚点；或，我会通过记录日常中让自己感到满足和有成就感的瞬间来寻找目标锚点，这些瞬间往往能反映出内心真正重视的东西。故答案为：I would reflect on my strengths and skills to find a purpose anchor. For instance, if I excel in writing and communication, I might explore careers or hobbies related to writing or public speaking, finding purpose in areas where I can utilize my talents effectively. 或 I’d record moments of satisfaction and accomplishment daily. These moments often reflect what I truly value, helping find purpose anchors. (答案不唯一，合理即可) 第二节（15分） 42. 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你收到选修课外教Jim的邮件，请阅读并回复。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Subject: Your Input Needed From: Jim Smith JimSmith@ happymail.com To: Students who registered for “Cross-Cultural Communication” Dear all, Thank you for choosing the course “Cross-Cultural Communication” next semester. To make it a better experience for all, I’d love to have your input. Please reply with 1. a particular topic you are curious about; 2. a short explanation of why it interests you. Your input will help shape our course, and I’ll choose the most popular topics to discuss in class. Looking forward to your feedback. Best regards, Jim Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, Thank you for asking for our input on the “Cross-Cultural Communication” course. The topic I’m most curious about is nonverbal communication differences across cultures. Body language, gestures, and facial expressions vary a lot globally, and I’ve noticed some misunderstandings happen because of these differences. Last year, I saw a foreign friend confused when a Chinese nodded with a smile, which he thought meant agreement but actually was just politeness. This makes me eager to learn more about how to avoid such misunderstandings, as it’s crucial for real-life interactions. I hope this topic can be included in our course. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Jim回复邮件，就下学期即将开展的“跨文化交际”课程提出自己感兴趣的话题并说明原因。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 对……感到好奇：be curious about → be interested in 差异：difference → distinction 误解：misunderstanding → misinterpretation 避免：avoid → prevent 关键的：crucial → vital 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Thank you for asking for our input on the “Cross-Cultural Communication” course. 拓展句：Thank you for asking for our input on the “Cross-Cultural Communication” course, which we are all looking forward to attending next semester. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Last year, I saw a foreign friend confused when a Chinese nodded with a smile, which he thought meant agreement but actually was just politeness. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】This makes me eager to learn more about how to avoid such misunderstandings, as it’s crucial for real-life interactions. (运用了“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，以及as引导的原因状语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$