Unit 4 Natural disasters 一轮复习 导学案-2026届高三英语一轮复习人教版（2019）必修第一册

必修一 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS I. 阅读单词 1. context n. 上下文；语境；背景 2. drought n. 旱灾 3. tornado n. 龙卷风 4. slide vt. & vi.（slid, slid)（使）滑行；滑动 5. crack n. 裂缝；裂纹 vi. & vt.（使）破裂 6. volcano n. 火山 7. typhoon n. 台风 8. hurricane n. 飓风 9. kit n. 成套工具；成套设备 10. magnitude n.（地）震级；重大 11. electricity n. 电；电能 12. unify vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成一体 13. whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声 14. tap vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 II. 写作单词 1. rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援 2. damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失 3. shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或风险） 4. trap n. 险境；陷阱 vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 5. bury vt. 埋葬；安葬 6. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 7. supply n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt. 供应；供给 8. ruin n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏 9. destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 10. crash vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞 11. flood n. 洪水；大量 vi. 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没 12. wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；招手 13. strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck/ stricken）侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 14. aid n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt. 帮助；援助 15. calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静 16. sweep vt. & vi. (swept, swept）打扫；清扫 III. 拓展单词 1. affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→__________ n. 喜爱 2. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊→__________ adj. 令人震惊的→__________ adj. 感到震惊的 3. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→__________ n. 呼吸→__________ adj. 气喘吁吁的；目瞪口呆的 4. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→__________ n. 折磨；苦难→__________ n. 患病者；受难者 5. erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出→__________ n.（火山、战争等）爆发 6. effect n. 影响；结果；效果→__________ adj. 有效果的→【反】 __________ adj. 无效果的；不奏效的 7. wisdom n. 智慧；才智→__________ adj. 明智的；聪明的→【反】 __________ adj. 愚蠢的；不明智的 8. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→__________ n. 交付；分娩；递送 9. summary n. 总结；概括；概要→__________ v. 总结；概述 10. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况→__________ adj. 新兴的 11. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→__________ n. 幸存；残存物→__________ n. 幸存者；生还者 IV. 重点短语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. ____________________ 对……造成损害 2. sweep away____________________ 3. in shock____________________ 4. ____________________ 建立 5. ____________________保持冷静 6. ____________________像往常一样 7. in ruins____________________ 8. ____________________露天；在户外 9. on hand____________________ 10. put up ____________________ 11. come to an end ____________________ 12. _________________执行；实施；落实；完成 13.__________________挖掘出；发现 14. fall down____________________ 15. ____________________的数量 V. 诵经典句式 1. 句型公式: too... to... Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 鸡，甚至是猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋子。 2. 句型公式：as if引导表语从句 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ 3. 句型公式: everywhere引导地点状语从句 Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. 幸存者目之所及无一不是废墟。 4. 句型公式: be doing... when... I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我正在和三个孩子一起吃早餐，这时屋里开始进水。 VI.语篇填空 As we all know, disasters like tornadoes, droughts, floods, landslides, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, hurricanes and earthquakes always occur one after another,1. ________ (cause) great damage to many countries. Among them the earthquake has the 2. ________ (bad) effects. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 3. ________ (death). More than 90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people suffered a lot, which shocked the world. Food, water and electricity were hard 4. ________ (get). Everywhere the survivors saw were destroyed bricks, deep cracks in village wells and useless metals as if the world were at an end. Rescue teams dug out 5. ________ trapped, buried the dead, and built shelters in the open air. With unified efforts and wisdom of all people, the city revived 6. ________ (it) and began to breathe again. Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis. The tsunami that 7. ________ (strike) Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines. Huge waves swept away many people and houses. Many countries aided these areas 8. ________ delivering food and supplies by helicopter. [Some tips for 9. ________ (emergent) : ※ Keep calm ※ Tap on a pipe or whistle for help ※ Stay away from power lines ※ Survive on 10. ________ you have on hand ※ Keep first aid kits at home] 核心考点 精讲精练 Part 1 重点单词 1. affect vt. 影响； (疾病) 侵袭；深深打动 affection n. 喜爱 〈近〉influence 真题溯源 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it. 人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书。 考点脉络 多维练透 ① (人教·X3U3) It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue ________ (affect) all of us on this planet. ②Measures should be taken by the government to prevent people from ________ (affect) by the serious haze. ③Fathers have an enormous effect ________ their children’s personalities and chances of marital happiness. ④Many young people were deeply affected by his story and began to do voluntary work for the disabled. (升级句式) → his story, many young people began to do voluntary work for the disabled. (过去分词短语作状语) 2. effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 effortless adj. 容易的；不费力气的 真题溯源 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 这种创新的设计几乎不需要付出什么努力就能实现每周可靠的新鲜蔬菜供应。 考点脉络 多维练透 ① (译林·B1U1) As a senior high school student, you must make efforts ________ (improve) your communication and problem-solving skills. ②No pains, no gains. I am convinced that ________ your great efforts, you will enjoy a colorful and fruitful life here. ③Let’s start now and . 让我们从现在开始，不遗余力地美化我们的城市。(倡议书) ④She took a deep breath and . 她深深地吸了一口气，费力地慢慢地坐了起来。(读后续写·动作描写) 3. shock vt. (使) 震惊；使触电n. 休克；打击；震惊；令人震惊的事 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 感到震惊的 真题溯源 (2022·浙江卷) People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer. 那些来自比我们更重视人际关系的文化背景的人一想到独自在电脑前吃饭就感到震惊。 考点脉络 多维练透 ① (人教·X2U2) In addition, different approaches to teaching and learning may come as a shock ________ many students. ② Looking at the house which lay in ruins________ shock, he called 911 immediately to rescue the trapped people. ③I was so angry that I walked out, leaving him sitting there ________ (shock) and white-faced. ④So many people were injured in the earthquake. All of us were shocked. (句式升级) →So many people were injured in the earthquake, . (定语从句) → was that so many people were injured in the earthquake. (主语从句) 4. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使陷入；使专心 真题溯源 (2022·新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷·读后续写) David still refused to look at me, with his head buried in his arms. 大卫仍然拒绝看我，他的头埋在胳膊里。 考点脉络 多维练透 ① (外研·X4U5) Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city ________ (bury) deep in the jungle. ②The earthquake brought an ancient city to light that ________ (bury) under volcanic ash for thousands of years. ③He wept sadly and buried his face in his hands. (读后续写·动作描写) →He wept sadly, . (动词-ing形式作状语) →He wept sadly, . (独立主格结构) 5. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受vi. 因 (疾病、痛苦、悲伤等) 受苦 suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼 sufferer n. 患者；受害者 真题溯源 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain. 20年前，当他背部疼痛难忍时，他开始对替代疗法感兴趣。 考点脉络 多维练透 ① (译林·X1U2) The next two movements are full of desperate lows and uplifting highs which perhaps reflect both his ________ (suffer) and his strong will to fight it. ②________ (suffer) defeat after defeat, he began to lose faith in himself, but his mother’s words motivated him. ③There are always some ups and downs in our lives, but . 生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们变得更加坚强。(读后续写·主旨升华) 6. strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck/stricken) 击打；侵袭；罢工；袭击；报时；划 (火柴)；忽然想起n. 罢工；罢课；袭击 striking adj. 显著的；突出的；惊人的；打击的；罢工的 真题溯源 (2021·全国乙卷) His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout. 他的话让我感到奇怪。毕竟，公用办公区域通常也使用开放式的办公室布局。 考点脉络 多维练透 ① (译林·X1U4) With ________ (strike) imagination in expressions like “scaring dwellers on high”, this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize Li Bai’s poetry. ②Mount Tai has struck its beauty ________ my heart, as a result, it strikes me ________ I will visit it a second time. ③Because I was struck with what he had done for me, I couldn’t contain myself, tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. (读后续写·心理描写) → , I couldn’t contain myself, tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks. (过去分词短语作状语) 7. survive vi. 幸免；幸存；生还vt. 幸存；比······活得长 survival n. 幸存；遗物；幸存物 survivor n. 幸存者；死里逃生的人 surviving adj. 依然存在的 真题溯源 (2023·北京卷) That project, which I could complete from my sofa instead of in the burning heat of the desert, not only survived the lockdown but worked where traditional methods didn’t. 这个我可以在沙发上完成而不是在炎热的沙漠中完成的项目，不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方发挥了作用。 考点脉络 多维练透 ① (外研·X1U2) Rowling had spent years surviving ________ little money, spending all her time writing. ② (北师大·X1U3) Of course, as we humans depend on so many species for our ________ (survive), we would also be at risk of dying out. ③Though the main building was destroyed, the library still survives ________ a museum. ④Life isn’t about , but about learning to dance in the rain. 生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写·主旨升华) Part 2 短语句式 8. as if引导表语从句 真题溯源 (2023·全国乙卷) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 室内植物看起来似乎只是静静地待着，无所事事，但在很多方面，它们都是家里的无名英雄。 考点脉络 多维练透 ① (译林·X1U2) When the two lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai, first meet, the music is light and pleasant, as if ________ (whisper) to the audience. ② (译林·X1U4) Second, approach the poem as if you ________ (be) an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape. ③Hurry up! It looks as if the train . 快点！看样子火车好像两分钟后就要开动了。 ④ (2022·新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷·读后续写) David insistedon running . David坚持跑，好像忘记了自己的弱点。 9. be doing…when... 真题溯源 (2024·北京卷) I was reading a book in the classroom when there was an announcement. 我正在教室里看书，突然传来了一则广播。 考点脉络 多维练透 ① (译林·X2U1) I was about to have a bath ________ I heard people screaming and dogs barking. ②We ________ (pack) to leave for a weekend when my sister heard cries for help. ③ (2021·新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷·读后续写) The twins had hardly stewed chicken porridge when their father stepped into the kitchen (升级句式) → their father stepped into the kitchen. (倒装) ④ (2023·浙江1月卷·读后续写) the hummingbird appeared.我正要离开，蜂鸟出现了。 梯级训练 循序渐进 Part 1 基础达标练 维度一 语境辨义练 Ⅰ. 熟词生义 1. (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable ________ 2. (2023·全国甲卷) Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear. ________ 3. We have already discussed this matter at length. ________ Ⅱ. 一词多义 1. strike A. v. 敲打 B. v. 使突然想起 C. v. 罢工 D. v. (灾难、疾病等) 侵袭 E. v. 把……迷住 F. v. 敲；鸣；报时 ①When I entered the room, the clock had just struck ten. ________ ②Strike the iron while it’s hot. ________ ③The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. ________ ④A terrible earthquake did strike the northeast of Japan. ________ ⑤It struck us that we could follow the stream back to the farmhouse. ________ ⑥The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake. ________ 2. shelter A. n. 遮蔽；避难 B. n. 遮蔽物；避难处 C. v. 保护；庇护 D. v. 躲避 (风雨或危险) ① (2024·浙江1月卷) I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. ________ ② (2023·浙江1月卷) Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators (传粉昆虫) ... ________ ③People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire. ________ ④You can’t shelter the children from the real life forever. ________ 维度二 考点强化练 1. (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷) I bought a desk and asked for it ________ (deliver) to my house this Friday. 2. (2024·浙江1月卷) If I ever get ________ (trap) outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly, no longer be able to connect me with my keys. 3. (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷) Besides, working in the garden seems to have a ________ (calm) effect ________ Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. 4. Thousands of homes and government buildings lay ________ ruins, along with crucial rice crops. 5. The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes ________ the earthquake-stricken area since the earthquake occurred. 6. As is often the case, smile is so ________ (power) that it can give those ________ (suffer) great courage. Part 2 写作衔接练 写作一 应用文增分练 (新闻报道·地震救助) 上个月，你的家乡遭遇了一场地震。你是校英文报的记者，请写一篇报道，详细介绍地震造成的破坏以及灾后的重建工作。 Last month, a terrible earthquake struck my hometown all of a sudden, causing great damage. The earthquake affected many people, and destroyed lots of houses and roads, making a great many families suffer a great loss. 　　Luckily, the soldiers came to help search for the survivors and rescued some people trapped in ruins. A lot of warm-hearted people made great efforts to offer shelters to the sufferers and donate medical supplies which were quickly transported to the disaster area. Slowly, the disaster area began to breathe again, with transportation, industry and environment greatly improved. 写作二 读后续写主题练 (心理描写·害怕与恐惧) Ⅰ. 素材积累 单词 terror→terrify→terrified→terrifying; panic→panicked; scare→scared→scary; fright→ frighten→frightened→frightening; dreadful (可怕的); terrible/horrible/awful; tremble/ shake/shiver; sweat (出汗); freeze (吓呆); flee (逃离); scream 短语 be afraid/frightened/scared of...害怕…… be seized/overwhelmed by panic/horror惊慌失措/惊恐万分 be in panic/terror惊慌地/恐惧地 be consumed by fear and unease被恐惧和不安所吞噬 be numb/frozen with fear吓呆了 stand rooted to the spot with fear吓得呆若木鸡地站着 shake/tremble with terror/horror吓得发抖 have one’s heart in one’s mouth某人吓得心提到了嗓子眼 be scared to death吓得要死 be pale with fright吓得面无人色 a flood of fear wells up in sb恐惧涌上心头 make one’s hair stand on end使某人毛骨悚然 句子 ① (外研·B2U6) People have always been scared of sharks, but Jaws made things worse. It made people frightened of sharks, especially of the great white shark. 人类本就害怕鲨鱼，但电影《大白鲨》让情况变得更糟。它让人们对鲨鱼，特别是大白鲨，心生恐惧。 ② (外研·X4U6) Instantaneously, excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure. 激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败。 ③ (译林·X3U3) Russell felt his blood freeze, but he quickly came to himself and rushed up to the deck. Russell感到自己的血液都凝固了，但是他很快镇定下来，冲上了甲板。 ④A flood of fear welled up in her as she walked down the empty street. 走在空荡荡的街道上，一阵恐惧涌上她的心头。 ⑤Frozen with fear, he was too scared to move an inch. 他因恐惧而僵住了，害怕得一步也不敢动。 Ⅱ. 对点场景练 灾害救助 (2024·湖北武汉高三上阶段练习) Though ①overwhelmed by panic, we worked together to find a safe place to take shelter. At the thought of the sudden earthquake, we ②were consumed by fear and unease. I ③turned pale with fright and ④trembled with terror along the way. Luckily, we found a nearby park that was relatively undamaged in the earthquake and started to set up camp there. We used whatever materials we could find to build a temporary shelter. We shared our resources with each other. Every time there was a slight noise, we ⑤were seized by panic and ⑥stood rooted to the spot with fear. We took turns to keep a watch out for any signs of danger. 尽管被恐慌所笼罩，但我们还是一起努力找了一个安全的地方躲避。一想到刚才突然的地震，我们就被恐惧和不安所吞噬。我吓得脸色苍白，一路上还因恐惧而颤抖。幸运的是，我们找到了附近一个在地震中相对未受损的公园，并开始在那里扎营。我们用能找到的任何材料搭建一个临时避难所。我们相互分享资源。每次有一点轻微的声响，我们就会惊慌失措，吓得呆若木鸡。我们轮流站岗放哨，留意任何危险的迹象。 UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS III. 拓展单词 1. affect vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→affection n. 喜爱 2. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的 3. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；目瞪口呆的 4. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→suffering n. 折磨；苦难→sufferer n. 患病者；受难者 5. erupt vi. & vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出→eruption n.（火山、战争等）爆发 6. effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效果的→【反】 ineffective adj. 无效果的；不奏效的 7. wisdom n. 智慧；才智→wise adj. 明智的；聪明的→【反】 unwise adj. 愚蠢的；不明智的 8. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→delivery n. 交付；分娩；递送 9. summary n. 总结；概括；概要→summarize v. 总结；概述 10. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况→emergent adj. 新兴的 11. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survival n. 幸存；残存物→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 IV. 重点短语 1. do damage to 对……造成损害 2. sweep away消灭；彻底消除 3. in shock震惊；吃惊 4. set up 建立 5. stay calm保持冷静 6. as usual像往常一样 7. in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 8. in the open air露天；在户外 9. on hand现有（尤指帮助） 10. put up 搭建；举起；张贴 11. come to an end 结束；终结 12. carry out执行；实施；落实；完成 13. dig out 挖掘出；发现 14. fall down跌倒；倒塌 15. the number of……的数量 VI.语篇填空 1.causing　2.worst　3.deaths　4.to get　5.the　6.itself 7.struck　8.by　9.emergency　10.what �Part 1　重点单词 1.①affecting　②being affected　③on/upon　④Deeply affected by 2.①to improve　②with　③spare no effort to beautify our city ④sat up slowly with great/an effort 3.①to　②in　③shocked　④which shocked all of us/which made all of us shocked;What made all of us shocked 4.①buried　②had been buried　③burying his face in his hands; his face buried in his hands 5.①suffering　②Having suffered　③it is the suffering that makes us stronger 6.①striking　②into; that　③Struck with what he had done for me 7.①on　②survival　③as　④how to survive the storm �Part 2　短语句式 8.①whispering　②were　③is going to move in two minutes　④as if he had forgotten his weaknesses 9.①when　②were packing　③Hardly had the twins stewed chicken porridge when　④I was just about to leave when/I was on the point of leaving when/I was leaving when �Part 1　基础达标练 一、Ⅰ.1.v.驱动;促进　2.v.大量涌入　3.详尽地 Ⅱ.1.①F　②A　③C　④D　⑤B　⑥E 2.①D　②B　③A　④C 二、1.to be delivered　2.trapped　3.calming;on　4.in　5.to6.powerful;sufferers $$