精品解析：广东省深圳市罗湖区深圳市第二实验学校2024-2025学年高二下学期7月期末英语试题

深圳市第二实验学校2024—2025学年度(高二年级) 第二学期 期末考试英语学科试题 说明：1、全卷共 8 页，满分为 120 分，考试时间为 120 分钟。 2、答卷前，考生必须按要求填写自己的姓名、学号、班级等信息。 3、客观题、主观题答案均填写在答题卡上。 客观题部分（共105分） 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 (共15题；每题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B, C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Drag and drop your files or type, paste, and edit text here. Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology. We have both free and paid subscriptions to our applications to meet different users’ needs on different budgets. Free users can use any available Free Voices unlimitedly, sample Premium Voices for 20 minutes per day, and Plus Voices for 5 minutes per day. Our Plus subscription includes exclusive (专有的) features such as access to Plus and LLM (Large Language Model) Voices, which are our newest and most advanced voices. Using LLM technology, you can even clone your own voice in minutes and make it speak in over 100 languages. You can also listen on the go with our mobile app. By using your phone’s camera, you can scan physical books and notes and change them into speech. Offline listening is also supported, making it convenient for travel or other situations where internet access is limited. If you are interested in using our voices for non-personal purposes, such as YouTube videos, e-learning, or other commercial or public projects, please check out our Natural Reader AI Voice Generator web application for more information and licensing options. Our Chrome extension allows you to listen to webpages, Google Docs, online Kindle books, and emails directly from your browser. The extension supports both free and subscription voices, depending on your plan. 1. What is the major function of Natural Reader? A. Create videos. B. Write a speech. C. Generate images. D. Turn text into audio. 2. What is only available for paid subscription? A. Offline use of LLM. B. Automatic text translation. C. Efficient voice cloning. D. Access to digitalized books. 3. What is the text? A. A subscription plan. B. A program user guide. C. A job advertisement. D. A mobile app review. B Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all. Let’s face it, mosquitoes are not equal opportunity feasters. So, what exactly makes some people more attractive to mosquitoes than others? Science reveals that a variety of factors might make you more preferable to mosquitoes, from your skin microorganisms and carbon dioxide emitted in your breath to the color of clothing you’re wearing, with colors like red, orange, and black being the most attractive to mosquitoes. But in the end, much of the variation in mosquito preference comes down to two factors: our natural and distinctive body smell and genetics. Only the females bite humans and they do it to get a “blood meal”, absorbing proteins from our blood to produce their eggs. They use their palps (触须) to detect carbon dioxide and the distinctive smell. That means people whose body systems work at a faster pace and emit more carbon dioxide including those who are pregnant, exercising, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes. The question of whether mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type is controversial. One hypothesis suggests that blood type may also help determine mosquito preference. If that’s the case what blood type do mosquitoes like? The hypothesis said that the major mosquito vector of dengue virus (登革病毒) preferred people with type O blood to those with other blood types. However, separate research notes that experimental and laboratory data evaluating whether blood type makes one person more or less attractive to mosquitoes has fueled a lot of assumptions. But the result is contradictory. Instead the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microorganisms than blood type. 4. What is the function of the first paragraph? A Answering questions. B. Making a comparison. C. Presenting the subject. D. Explaining the methods. 5. Who tends to be the most attractive to mosquitoes? A. People who work out. B. The elderly and weak. C. People who wear dark colors. D. Individuals with specific blood types. 6. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Mosquitoes distinctly prefer Type O blood. B. Skin smell and microorganisms play a larger role. C. The role of blood type is still under heated debate. D. Mosquitoes are attracted to all blood types equally. 7. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe the preferences of mosquitoes. B To tell how to avoid mosquito bites effectively. C. To argue against the idea that mosquitoes prefer blood types. D. To provide scientific information about mosquito preferences. C In modern society, many people are slacking off while working. But according to a new study, engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career — it may also safeguard your cognitive abilities and help prevent dementia as you get older. The significant study, published in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7,000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s. “Many other studies on this topic have only looked at the most recent jobs that people have,” said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin, a researcher at University of Oslo, “but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.” To do the analysis, Edwin categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks, even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.” Having a routine job with little mental stimulation during your 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is linked to a 66% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment and a 37% greater risk of dementia after the age of 70, when compared with having an occupation — that requires more complex thinking. “The occupational environment is vital in promoting cognitive well-being.” said Edwin. “Similarly, just like we can use physical exercise to grow and maintain our muscles, exercising our brain through more challenging work assignments seems to help fight dementia.” “While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities, learning new job tasks, and refining their skills at work over a period of time, further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,” Edwin added. 8. What does the underlined phrase “slacking off” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. working hard B. taking breaks C. showing laziness D. focusing fully 9. Why is Edwin’s research remarkable? A. Because it focused on emerging industries. B Because it drew inspiration from past studies. C. Because it tracked the subjects for a long term. D. Because it studied Norwegians of a certain age. 10. What makes teaching a cognitively demanding job? A. The emotional labor it involves. B. The number of students and parents. C. The complete lack of repetitive tasks. D. The harmonious relationship it creates. 11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. Activities that can refine people’s skills at work. B. A recommendation for the future research direction. C. Tips for people who want professional advancement. D. Job tasks that can provide new learning opportunities. D When we sleep, our brain is still actively processing the day’s experiences and integrating them with past memories. Previous studies have identified links between pupil (瞳孔) size and sleep state, as well as between sleep state and memory formation. However, it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones. For example, how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike? Researchers at Cornell University addressed this question by attaching brain-scanning electrodes and tiny eye-tracking cameras to mice. They monitored the mice as they learned new tasks during the day, such as observing them during sleep. (Fun fact: mice can sleep with their eyes open.) The study revealed two distinct substages during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, a critical period for memory formation. One substage replayed new memories, coinciding with narrowed pupils. The other involved recalling older memories, marked by widened pupils. The team also discovered that during the narrowed pupil stages, the mice’s ability to remember new information was limited considerably. The research identified a transition stage between these two substages, which serves as an intermediate (中间的) period that separates new learning from old knowledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference. It’s like new learning, old knowledge, new learning, old knowledge, shifting slowly throughout sleep. The implications of the study are far-reaching: such a non-invasive means of monitoring brain function may help treat memory issues and boost memory, for example. The study also supports the hypothesis (假说) that human brains and computer systems may significantly forget old information. Catastrophic forgetting, known in AI, is an area where machines still fall behind biology. What’s more, the findings provide a potential solution for preventing catastrophic interference while enabling memory integration in both biological and artificial neural networks. Despite the many similarities between human and mouse brains, similar studies need to be conducted in humans to verify these results. 12. What do researchers at Cornell University focus on? A. How pupil size is related to sleep state. B. How people learn to perform new tasks. C. How memories are kept without interference. D. How sleep state is connected with memory formation. 13. What can we infer about the transition stage? A. It focuses on removing old memories. B. It processes old memories with narrowed pupils. C. It ensures new memories are processed before old ones. D. It helps integrate new memories with existing knowledge. 14. What is the author’s attitude towards the potential applications of the study? A. Concerned. B. Optimistic. C. Reserved. D. Skeptical. 15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Code of Memory Integration in Sleep. B. Role of Sleep in Memory and Learning. C. Pupil Size: A Window into Human Brain. D. A Breakthrough: How Mice Sleep with Eyes Open. 第二节 (共5小题；每题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Effective Ways to Deal with Negative Emotions Negative emotions are an unavoidable part of the human experience. They can arise in various situations. ____16____, they serve important functions. Understanding how to tackle these feelings is vital for emotional well-being. Breathing exercises for immediate relief ____17____. When faced with overwhelming feelings, you can take a few moments to focus on your breath to help calm your mind and body. Techniques such as deep breathing or the 4-7-8method can reduce feelings of anxiety and promote relaxation. Regular practice of breathing exercises can also contribute to long-term emotional regulation. Mindfulness meditation (冥想) for emotional regulation It is a powerful practice for emotional regulation and managing negative emotions. By focusing on the present moment and observing thoughts and feelings without judgment, individuals can nurse a sense of calm. This practice helps in recognizing negative emotions as they arise, allowing for a more balanced response rather than an impulsive (冲动的) reaction. ____18____. Physical activity to channel emotions Engaging in physical activity is a great way to channel negative emotions and promote mental well-being. Exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifers, helping to ease feelings of sadness and anxiety. ____19____, physical activity provides an outlet for emotional expression. Regular exercise can also improve sleep quality and reduce stress, leading to a more balanced emotional state. ____20____ They can be beneficial in managing negative emotions and fostering a positive mindset. By imagining a peaceful scene or a desired outcome, individuals can shift their focus away from negative feelings. These techniques allow the mind to create a sense of calm and control, which can reduce anxiety and stress, creating a positive mental environment that supports emotional healing. A. Using visualization techniques. B. Strengthening emotional intelligence. C. While they may make us uncomfortable. D. These emotions can arise from various situations. E. Whether it’s going for a run, practicing yoga or even dancing. F. They are an effective way to achieve immediate relief from negative emotions. G. It not only aids in managing emotions but also promotes overall mental well-being. 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When my dad planned out a trip to La Mina Falls in the El Yunque National Rainforest, I was not really into it, and I went along ____21____. I’ve never been fond of cold water. If the ____22____ isn’t to my liking, I’m not going to ____23____ myself from the pool’s edge like a missile (导弹). I’m the type of person who ____24____ their time easing into the water, lowering myself step-by-step, and ____25____ my body to get used to the icy depths. My complicated relationship with water is ____26____ my dad, who I don’t think has ever looked ____27____ he dived. I wasn’t raised on the river like he was. Shortly after I was born, we ____28____ to central Florida, far away from the rapids of my father’s youth. When we finally made it to the La Mina Falls, I was worn out. My dad was already knee-deep in the water and ____29____ fast, while I was resting on a rock. He paused, looking over at me and _____30_____, perhaps for the first time, that I had _____31_____ him into the forest, He waved his hand at me, and I _____32_____ my shoes. I knew if l touched the water with my toe in the first place, I wouldn’t get in. So, I jumped into the _____33_____ water, not completely without hesitation, where a _____34_____ combination of accomplishment and regret washed over me. When I broke the surface, I _____35_____ my dad staring at me. “Your grandfather brought me here once when I was a kid.” His voice faded away into the water. 21. A. anxiously B. hesitantly C. curiously D. enthusiastically 22. A. time B. coach C. sport D. temperature 23. A. keep B. launch C. excuse D. rescue 24. A. measures B. saves C. takes D. kills 25. A. permitting B. controlling C. examining D. risking 26. A. in opposition to B. in response to C. at the mercy of D. on behalf of 27. A. once B. before C. because D. if 28. A. escaped B. journeyed C. relocated D. returned 29. A. floating B. withdrawing C. breathing D. sinking 30. A. realizing B. regretting C. admitting D. agreeing 31. A. challenged B. forced C. accompanied D. guided 32. A. stared at B. reached for C. kicked off D. dusted down 33. A. flooding B. appealing C. flowing D. freezing 34. A. confusing B. regular C. similar D. simple 35. A. left B. pictured C. stopped D. caught 第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Electric vehicle giant BYD recently launched a new charging system in China, gaining it an advantageous position in the world’s auto market. The automaker advertised its system, named “Super e-Platform”, as one that can charge its latest models in just five minutes, ____36____ (allow) them to travel up to 400 kilometers. Assigned a 10C rating, ____37____ e-platform can reach full charge in just six minutes. The C-rate is an industry measurement standard ____38____ a 1C rating means the battery can be fully charged in one hour. Therefore, a 10C rating indicates the battery can achieve full charge in one-tenth of an hour, which ____39____ (equal) six minutes. “We’ve always been in ____40____ (pursue) of speedy charging,” BYD founder Wang Chuanfu said “The new battery’s peak charging power can reach 1,000 kilowatts. This is the first time in the industry that the unit of megawatt (兆瓦) ____41____ (achieve) on charging power.” The e-platform works by delivering a large current (电流) to the charging car, ____42____ high currents tend to generate heat that damages EV batteries. To get around this, BYD says it ____43____ (massive) reduced the internal resistance inside the battery. This technology is currently only available in China, and the company has yet ____44____ (confirm) whether it will make it available internationally. If ____45____ (popularize), BYD’s new charging platform represents a major innovation that could help transform the electric car market. 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 为弘扬红色文化，你校高二年级学生于6月5日至9日参加了为期五天的赣州研学实践活动（educational excursion）。假设你是李华，请你为校英语报写一篇报道。内容包括： 1. 活动时间和地点；2. 主要活动过程；3.收获与反响。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Emily and Zoe had been best friends since second grade. They went to the same school, played on the same soccer team, and even wore matching bracelets (手链). Everyone around them said they were like two sides of the same coin. They believed nothing could come between them. But things started to change when a new girl Daisy came to their class. One day, their teacher, Mr. Lynn, announced a big group project. “Pick a partner,” he said. Emily immediately turned to Zoe, expecting her usual smile and a quick “yes.” But to her surprise. Zoe was already talking to Daisy. “I’m going to work with Daisy this time,” Zoe said to Emily, almost too casually. Emily felt like the air had been knocked out of her. She nodded and forced a smile, but inside, she was confused and hurt. That night, she stared at her phone screen, hoping for a message that never came. Over the next few days, she avoided Zoe. Their texts stopped, they no longer sat together during lunch, and the bracelets they once wore daily were now left at home. Even during class, Emily found it hard to focus, her mind replaying the moment when Zoe chose someone else. Weeks passed. The school organized a three-day camping trip in the mountains. Students were divided into several groups. Emily and Zoe ended up in the same one, along with Daisy and two other classmates. Though they barely spoke, they worked together to put up tents and gather firewood. Their conversations were limited to short, polite exchanges — nothing like before. On the second night, dark clouds rolled in and heavy rain soon followed. Everyone rushed into their own tents. Emily quickly discovered that hers was leaking. Cold and upset, she went outside, seeking for help. The wind howled around her, and each raindrop felt like a tiny needle against her skin. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then, she saw a flashlight approaching. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With Zoe’s help, they soon fixed the tent. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 深圳市第二实验学校2024—2025学年度(高二年级) 第二学期 期末考试英语学科试题 说明：1、全卷共 8 页，满分为 120 分，考试时间为 120 分钟。 2、答卷前，考生必须按要求填写自己的姓名、学号、班级等信息。 3、客观题、主观题答案均填写在答题卡上。 客观题部分（共105分） 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 (共15题；每题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B, C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Drag and drop your files, or type, paste, and edit text here. Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology. We have both free and paid subscriptions to our applications to meet different users’ needs on different budgets. Free users can use any available Free Voices unlimitedly, sample Premium Voices for 20 minutes per day, and Plus Voices for 5 minutes per day. Our Plus subscription includes exclusive (专有的) features such as access to Plus and LLM (Large Language Model) Voices, which are our newest and most advanced voices. Using LLM technology, you can even clone your own voice in minutes and make it speak in over 100 languages. You can also listen on the go with our mobile app. By using your phone’s camera, you can scan physical books and notes and change them into speech. Offline listening is also supported, making it convenient for travel or other situations where internet access is limited. If you are interested in using our voices for non-personal purposes, such as YouTube videos, e-learning, or other commercial or public projects, please check out our Natural Reader AI Voice Generator web application for more information and licensing options. Our Chrome extension allows you to listen to webpages, Google Docs, online Kindle books, and emails directly from your browser. The extension supports both free and subscription voices, depending on your plan. 1. What is the major function of Natural Reader? A. Create videos. B. Write a speech. C. Generate images. D. Turn text into audio. 2. What is only available for paid subscription? A. Offline use of LLM. B. Automatic text translation. C. Efficient voice cloning. D. Access to digitalized books. 3. What is the text? A. A subscription plan. B. A program user guide. C. A job advertisement. D. A mobile app review. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个名为Natural Reader的应用程序，介绍了其功能以及收费项目。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology.(自然阅读器是一个专业的文本到语音程序，可以将任何文本，PDF，图像，网页和实体书籍转换为自然的声音，具有最新和最高的人工智能语音技术)”可知，自然阅读器的主要功能是将文本转换为音频。故选D。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Our Plus subscription includes exclusive (专有的) features such as access to Plus and LLM (Large Language Model) Voices, which are our newest and most advanced voices. Using LLM technology, you can even clone your own voice in minutes and make it speak in over 100 languages.(我们的Plus订阅包括独家功能，例如访问Plus和LLM（大型语言模型）语音，这是我们最新和最先进的语音。使用LLM技术，您甚至可以在几分钟内克隆自己的声音，并使其说100多种语言)”可知，高效的语音克隆只适用于付费订阅。故选C。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Natural Reader is a professional text-to-speech program that changes any text, PDF, image, webpage and physical book into natural-sounding audio (音频) featuring the newest and highest AI voice technology. We have both free and paid subscriptions to our applications to meet different users’ needs on different budgets. (自然阅读器是一个专业的文本到语音程序，可以将任何文本，PDF，图像，网页和实体书籍转换为自然的声音，具有最新和最高的人工智能语音技术。我们的应用程序有免费和付费订阅，以满足不同预算的不同用户的需求)”以及文章主要介绍了一个名为Natural Reader的应用程序，介绍了其功能以及收费项目。可知，文章是程序使用指南。故选B。 B Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all. Let’s face it, mosquitoes are not equal opportunity feasters. So, what exactly makes some people more attractive to mosquitoes than others? Science reveals that a variety of factors might make you more preferable to mosquitoes, from your skin microorganisms and carbon dioxide emitted in your breath to the color of clothing you’re wearing, with colors like red, orange, and black being the most attractive to mosquitoes. But in the end, much of the variation in mosquito preference comes down to two factors: our natural and distinctive body smell and genetics. Only the females bite humans and they do it to get a “blood meal”, absorbing proteins from our blood to produce their eggs. They use their palps (触须) to detect carbon dioxide and the distinctive smell. That means people whose body systems work at a faster pace and emit more carbon dioxide including those who are pregnant, exercising, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes. The question of whether mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type is controversial. One hypothesis suggests that blood type may also help determine mosquito preference. If that’s the case, what blood type do mosquitoes like? The hypothesis said that the major mosquito vector of dengue virus (登革病毒) preferred people with type O blood to those with other blood types. However, separate research notes that experimental and laboratory data evaluating whether blood type makes one person more or less attractive to mosquitoes has fueled a lot of assumptions. But the result is contradictory. Instead the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microorganisms than blood type. 4. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. Answering questions. B. Making a comparison. C. Presenting the subject. D. Explaining the methods. 5. Who tends to be the most attractive to mosquitoes? A. People who work out. B. The elderly and weak. C. People who wear dark colors. D. Individuals with specific blood types. 6. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Mosquitoes distinctly prefer Type O blood. B. Skin smell and microorganisms play a larger role. C. The role of blood type is still under heated debate. D. Mosquitoes are attracted to all blood types equally. 7. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To describe the preferences of mosquitoes. B. To tell how to avoid mosquito bites effectively. C. To argue against the idea that mosquitoes prefer blood types. D. To provide scientific information about mosquito preferences. 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【原文】本文是一篇说明文。主要探讨蚊子究竟为何会对某些人 “情有独钟”，阐述了多种影响蚊子偏好的因素，其中对蚊子是否偏好特定血型存在争议，文章致力于提供有关蚊子偏好的科学信息。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Do mosquitoes prefer a certain blood type? Maybe—but it’s not just one factor that influences why these winged pests are attracted to us and researchers can’t seem to agree on a definitive answer. There are two kinds of people in the world: those who return from time in the outdoors covered in itchy mosquito bites and those who can spend hours in the same space and avoid getting bitten at all.(蚊子会偏爱某种特定血型吗？或许吧 —— 但影响这些带翅膀的害虫被我们吸引的因素并非单一，而且研究人员似乎也难以就确切答案达成共识。世界上有两类人：一类是从户外回来后浑身布满痒人的蚊子叮咬包的人，另一类是能在相同环境中待上数小时却完全不被叮咬的人)”首段开篇提出蚊子是否偏爱特定血型这一问题，随后描述了人们被蚊子叮咬情况的差异，其目的在于引出文章核心 —— 蚊子对人的偏好这一主题。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 “That means people whose body systems work at a faster pace and emit more carbon dioxide including those who are pregnant, exercising, or drinking alcohol tend to be more attractive to mosquitoes.(这意味着身体系统运转速度更快、呼出更多二氧化碳的人，包括孕妇、正在锻炼的人或饮酒的人，往往更容易吸引蚊子)” 可知，锻炼的人往往最吸引蚊子。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead the researchers report that the likelihood of being a “mosquito magnet” has more to do with skin odors and microorganisms than blood type.(相反，研究人员报告称，成为“蚊子磁铁”的可能性与皮肤气味和微生物的关系比与血型的关系更大)” 可知，皮肤气味和微生物的作用更大。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。主要探讨蚊子究竟为何会对某些人 “情有独钟”，阐述了多种影响蚊子偏好的因素，其中对蚊子是否偏好特定血型存在争议，文章致力于提供有关蚊子偏好的科学信息。所以短文的目的是“提供有关蚊子偏好的科学信息”。故选D。 C In modern society, many people are slacking off while working. But according to a new study, engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career — it may also safeguard your cognitive abilities and help prevent dementia as you get older. The significant study published in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7,000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s. “Many other studies on this topic have only looked at the most recent jobs that people have,” said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin, a researcher at University of Oslo, “but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.” To do the analysis, Edwin categorized the cognitive demands of 305 occupations in Norway. More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks, even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.” Having a routine job with little mental stimulation during your 30s, 40s, 50s and 60s is linked to a 66% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment and a 37% greater risk of dementia after the age of 70, when compared with having an occupation — that requires more complex thinking. “The occupational environment is vital in promoting cognitive well-being.” said Edwin. “Similarly, just like we can use physical exercise to grow and maintain our muscles, exercising our brain through more challenging work assignments seems to help fight dementia.” “While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities, learning new job tasks, and refining their skills at work over a period of time, further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,” Edwin added. 8. What does the underlined phrase “slacking off” in Paragraph 1 mean? A. working hard B. taking breaks C. showing laziness D. focusing fully 9. Why is Edwin’s research remarkable? A. Because it focused on emerging industries. B. Because it drew inspiration from past studies. C. Because it tracked the subjects for a long term. D. Because it studied Norwegians of a certain age. 10. What makes teaching a cognitively demanding job? A. The emotional labor it involves. B. The number of students and parents. C. The complete lack of repetitive tasks. D. The harmonious relationship it creates. 11. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. Activities that can refine people’s skills at work. B. A recommendation for the future research direction. C. Tips for people who want professional advancement. D. Job tasks that can provide new learning opportunities. 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了工作中积极动脑对认知能力益处及研究成果。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“In modern society, many people are slacking off while working. But according to a new study, engaging your brain actively at work can benefit you in more ways than just advancing your career — it may also safeguard your cognitive abilities and help prevent dementia as you get older. (在现代社会，许多人工作时slacking off。但一项新研究表明，在工作中积极运用大脑，其益处不止于推动职业发展，随着年龄增长，它或许还能保护认知能力，助力预防痴呆)”可知，后文描述根据一项新的研究，在工作中积极使用你的大脑可以给你带来比仅仅提升职业生涯更多的好处。此处与后文形成转折，所以slacking off应表示与“积极使用大脑”相反的意思，即“消极怠工，表现出懒惰”，与showing laziness“表现出懒惰”意思相符。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第二段中““The significant study, published in Neurology, analyzed health and occupational data on 7,000 Norwegians who were followed from their 30s until they retired in their 60s. “Many other studies on this topic have only looked at the most recent jobs that people have,” said lead author Dr. Trine Edwin, a researcher at University of Oslo, “but due to the national database we have in Norway, we were able to follow people over much of their lifetimes.” (这项发表在《神经病学》杂志上的重要研究，分析了7000名挪威人的健康和职业数据，从他们30多岁开始追踪，一直到60多岁退休。该研究的主要作者、奥斯陆大学的研究员Trine Edwin博士表示：“许多关于这个主题的其他研究，仅仅关注人们近期从事的工作。但由于挪威有全国性数据库，我们得以追踪人们一生中大部分时间的情况。”)”可知，Edwin的研究之所以引人注目，是因为它长期追踪研究对象。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段中“More cognitively demanding jobs were not based on routine tasks, even though repetition was required at times. “There were lawyers, doctors, accountants, and people in public service in this group, but the most common occupation was teaching,” Edwin said, “as effective communication outside of the classroom and school matters. It always depends on teachers’ understandings of students’ different situations and teachers’ empathy.” (认知要求较高的工作并非基于常规任务，即便有时需要重复操作。埃德温说：“这类工作中有律师、医生、会计以及从事公共服务的人员，但最常见的职业是教师。因为课堂之外以及校园事务中的有效沟通，始终依赖教师对学生不同情况的理解和同理心。”)”可知，教学取决于教师对学生不同情况的理解和教师的同情，即教学是一项涉及情感劳动的工作，这让教学成为一项对认知要求很高的工。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。由文章最后一段““While I’d guess that people at risk for dementia would be well served by taking advantage of professional advancement opportunities, learning new job tasks, and refining their skills at work over a period of time, further studies will need to clarify which specific activities have the most brain healthy benefits,” Edwin added. (Edwin补充道：“虽然我认为，那些有患痴呆风险的人若能利用职业晋升机会、学习新的工作任务，并在一段时间内提升工作技能，会大有裨益，但还需要进一步研究来明确哪些具体活动对大脑健康最有益处。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了对未来研究方向的建议。故选B。 D When we sleep, our brain is still actively processing the day’s experiences and integrating them with past memories. Previous studies have identified links between pupil (瞳孔) size and sleep state, as well as between sleep state and memory formation. However, it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones. For example, how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike? Researchers at Cornell University addressed this question by attaching brain-scanning electrodes and tiny eye-tracking cameras to mice. They monitored the mice as they learned new tasks during the day, such as observing them during sleep. (Fun fact: mice can sleep with their eyes open.) The study revealed two distinct substages during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, a critical period for memory formation. One substage replayed new memories, coinciding with narrowed pupils. The other involved recalling older memories, marked by widened pupils. The team also discovered that during the narrowed pupil stages, the mice’s ability to remember new information was limited considerably. The research identified a transition stage between these two substages, which serves as an intermediate (中间的) period that separates new learning from old knowledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference. It’s like new learning, old knowledge, new learning, old knowledge, shifting slowly throughout sleep. The implications of the study are far-reaching: such a non-invasive means of monitoring brain function may help treat memory issues and boost memory, for example. The study also supports the hypothesis (假说) that human brains and computer systems may significantly forget old information. Catastrophic forgetting, known in AI, is an area where machines still fall behind biology. What’s more, the findings provide a potential solution for preventing catastrophic interference while enabling memory integration in both biological and artificial neural networks. Despite the many similarities between human and mouse brains, similar studies need to be conducted in humans to verify these results. 12. What do researchers at Cornell University focus on? A. How pupil size is related to sleep state. B. How people learn to perform new tasks. C. How memories are kept without interference. D. How sleep state is connected with memory formation. 13. What can we infer about the transition stage? A. It focuses on removing old memories. B. It processes old memories with narrowed pupils. C. It ensures new memories are processed before old ones. D. It helps integrate new memories with existing knowledge. 14. What is the author’s attitude towards the potential applications of the study? A. Concerned. B. Optimistic. C. Reserved. D. Skeptical. 15. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Code of Memory Integration in Sleep. B. Role of Sleep in Memory and Learning. C. Pupil Size: A Window into Human Brain. D. A Breakthrough: How Mice Sleep with Eyes Open. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了康奈尔大学通过对小鼠的监测揭示了非快速眼动睡眠中记忆处理的不同阶段，以及其对记忆处理和学习的意义。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones. For example, how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike?(然而，目前尚不清楚新鲜记忆是如何在不与旧记忆混淆的情况下被处理的。例如，我们如何在学习弹钢琴的同时不忘记如何骑自行车？)”和第二段中“Researchers at Cornell University addressed this question by attaching brain-scanning electrodes and tiny eye-tracking cameras to mice.(康奈尔大学的研究人员通过在老鼠身上安装大脑扫描电极和微小的眼球追踪摄像头来解决这个问题。)”可知，康奈尔大学的研究人员关注的是记忆如何在不被干扰的情况下得到保存。故选C项。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The research identified a transition stage between these two substages, which serves as an intermediate (中间的) period that separates new learning from old knowledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference. It’s like new learning, old knowledge, new learning, old knowledge, shifting slowly throughout sleep.(这项研究同时识别出两个亚阶段之间的过渡期，该中间阶段能将新学内容与既有知识区隔开来。结果表明，睡眠期间大脑可以并行处理不同的认知进程，从而实现新旧知识互不干扰的持续学习。整个过程就像‘新知识—旧记忆—新知识—-旧记忆’在睡眠中缓慢交替的循环)”可推断，过渡阶段将新学内容与既有知识区隔开来，实现新旧知识互不干扰的持续学习，有助于将新旧知识的整合。故选D项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“The implications of the study are far reaching: such a non invasive means of monitoring brain function may help treat memory issues and boost memory, for example.(这项研究的意义深远：例如，这种非侵入性的监测大脑功能的方法可能有助于治疗记忆问题和提高记忆力)”可知，作者对这项研究的潜在应用持乐观态度。故选B项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“However, it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones. For example, how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike?(然而，大脑如何在处理新记忆时避免与旧记忆混淆，这一机制始终未明。举例来说，我们为何能在学习弹钢琴的同时，却不会遗忘如何骑自行车？)”、第三段中“The study revealed two distinct substages during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, a critical period for memory formation. One substage replayed new memories, coinciding with narrowed pupils. The other involved recalling older memories, marked by widened pupils. The team also discovered that during the narrowed pupil stages, the mice’s ability to remember new information was limited considerably. (该研究揭示了非快速眼动睡眠期(NREM)——记忆形成的关键阶段——存在两个截然不同的亚阶段。第一阶段会回放新记忆，此时实验小鼠的瞳孔会收缩；第二阶段则涉及旧记忆的提取，表现为瞳孔扩张。研究团队还发现，在瞳孔收缩阶段，小鼠对新信息的记忆能力显著受限)”和第四段中“ The research identified a transition stage between these two substages, which serves as an intermediate (中间的) period that separates new learning from old knowledge. The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference.(这项研究同时识别出两个亚阶段之间的过渡期，该中间阶段能将新学内容与既有知识区隔开来。结果表明，睡眠期间大脑可以并行处理不同的认知进程，从而实现新旧知识互不干扰的持续学习)”可知，文章主要围绕睡眠中记忆是如何在不与旧记忆混淆的情况下进行处理和整合的展开，A选项“睡眠中记忆整合的密码”能概括文章主要内容，适合作为标题。故选A项。 第二节 (共5小题；每题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Effective Ways to Deal with Negative Emotions Negative emotions are an unavoidable part of the human experience. They can arise in various situations. ____16____, they serve important functions. Understanding how to tackle these feelings is vital for emotional well-being. Breathing exercises for immediate relief ____17____. When faced with overwhelming feelings, you can take a few moments to focus on your breath to help calm your mind and body. Techniques such as deep breathing or the 4-7-8method can reduce feelings of anxiety and promote relaxation. Regular practice of breathing exercises can also contribute to long-term emotional regulation. Mindfulness meditation (冥想) for emotional regulation It is a powerful practice for emotional regulation and managing negative emotions. By focusing on the present moment and observing thoughts and feelings without judgment, individuals can nurse a sense of calm. This practice helps in recognizing negative emotions as they arise, allowing for a more balanced response rather than an impulsive (冲动的) reaction. ____18____. Physical activity to channel emotions Engaging in physical activity is a great way to channel negative emotions and promote mental well-being. Exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifers, helping to ease feelings of sadness and anxiety. ____19____, physical activity provides an outlet for emotional expression. Regular exercise can also improve sleep quality and reduce stress, leading to a more balanced emotional state. ____20____ They can be beneficial in managing negative emotions and fostering a positive mindset. By imagining a peaceful scene or a desired outcome, individuals can shift their focus away from negative feelings. These techniques allow the mind to create a sense of calm and control, which can reduce anxiety and stress, creating a positive mental environment that supports emotional healing. A. Using visualization techniques. B. Strengthening emotional intelligence. C. While they may make us uncomfortable. D. These emotions can arise from various situations. E. Whether it’s going for a run, practicing yoga or even dancing. F. They are an effective way to achieve immediate relief from negative emotions. G. It not only aids in managing emotions but also promotes overall mental well-being. 【答案】16. C 17. F 18. G 19. E 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍应对负面情绪的有效方法，包括呼吸练习、正念冥想、体育活动和可视化技巧，说明每种方法的作用及实践方式。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Negative emotions are an unavoidable part of the human experience. They can arise in various situations.(负面情绪是人类经历中不可避免的一部分，它们可能在各种情况下产生)以及下文“they serve important functions.(它们有重要的作用)”可知，上文指出负面情绪不可避免，下文指出它们有重要作用，选项承接上文与下文为转折关系。故C选项“尽管它们可能让我们不适”符合语境。故选C项。 【17题详解】 根据标题“Breathing exercises for immediate relief(呼吸练习用于即时缓解)”可知，选项承接上文继续解释呼吸练习的重要性。故F选项“它们是从负面情绪中获得即时缓解的有效方法”符合语境。故选F项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“This practice helps in recognizing negative emotions as they arise, allowing for a more balanced response rather than an impulsive(冲动的)reaction.(这种做法有助于在负面情绪出现时识别它们，允许更平衡的反应而不是冲动的反应)”可知，选项承接上文说明冥想的作用，故G选项“它不仅有助于管理情绪，还能促进整体心理健康”符合语境。故选G项。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifers, helping to ease feelings of sadness and anxiety.(运动可以释放内啡肽，这是一种天然的情绪缓解剂，有助于缓解悲伤和焦虑的感觉)”可知，此空需要具体说明体育活动的类型，通过列举这些常见的体育活动，进一步解释了前文提到的体育活动。故E选项“无论是跑步、练瑜伽甚至跳舞”符合语境。故选E项。 【20题详解】 根据下文“They can be beneficial in managing negative emotions and fostering a positive mindset. By imagining a peaceful scene or a desired outcome, individuals can shift their focus away from negative feelings. These techniques allow the mind to create a sense of calm and control, which can reduce anxiety and stress, creating a positive mental environment that supports emotional healing.(它们在管理消极情绪和培养积极心态方面是有益的。通过想象一个平静的场景或期望的结果，个人可以将他们的注意力从负面情绪中转移开。这些技巧可以让大脑产生一种平静和控制感，从而减少焦虑和压力，创造一个积极的心理环境，支持情绪愈合)”可知，本段主要讲要使用可视化技巧。故A选项“使用可视化技巧”为本段的标题。故选A项。 第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When my dad planned out a trip to La Mina Falls in the El Yunque National Rainforest, I was not really into it, and I went along ____21____. I’ve never been fond of cold water. If the ____22____ isn’t to my liking, I’m not going to ____23____ myself from the pool’s edge like a missile (导弹). I’m the type of person who ____24____ their time easing into the water, lowering myself step-by-step, and ____25____ my body to get used to the icy depths. My complicated relationship with water is ____26____ my dad, who I don’t think has ever looked ____27____ he dived. I wasn’t raised on the river like he was. Shortly after I was born, we ____28____ to central Florida, far away from the rapids of my father’s youth. When we finally made it to the La Mina Falls, I was worn out. My dad was already knee-deep in the water and ____29____ fast, while I was resting on a rock. He paused, looking over at me and _____30_____, perhaps for the first time, that I had _____31_____ him into the forest, He waved his hand at me, and I _____32_____ my shoes. I knew if l touched the water with my toe in the first place, I wouldn’t get in. So, I jumped into the _____33_____ water, not completely without hesitation, where a _____34_____ combination of accomplishment and regret washed over me. When I broke the surface, I _____35_____ my dad staring at me. “Your grandfather brought me here once when I was a kid.” His voice faded away into the water. 21. A. anxiously B. hesitantly C. curiously D. enthusiastically 22. A. time B. coach C. sport D. temperature 23. A. keep B. launch C. excuse D. rescue 24. A. measures B. saves C. takes D. kills 25. A. permitting B. controlling C. examining D. risking 26. A. in opposition to B. in response to C. at the mercy of D. on behalf of 27. A. once B. before C. because D. if 28. A. escaped B. journeyed C. relocated D. returned 29. A. floating B. withdrawing C. breathing D. sinking 30. A. realizing B. regretting C. admitting D. agreeing 31. A. challenged B. forced C. accompanied D. guided 32. A. stared at B. reached for C. kicked off D. dusted down 33. A. flooding B. appealing C. flowing D. freezing 34. A. confusing B. regular C. similar D. simple 35. A. left B. pictured C. stopped D. caught 【答案】21 B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述作者本不喜欢冷水，对去拉米纳瀑布旅行兴趣缺缺，但还是跟随父亲前往。到达后，作者克服内心对冷水的抵触，跳入水中，父亲还讲述了儿时祖父带自己来此的回忆。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我爸爸计划去埃尔云克国家雨林的拉米纳瀑布旅行时，我并不是很感兴趣，所以我犹豫地跟着去了。A. anxiously焦虑地；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. curiously好奇地；D. enthusiastically热情地。根据上文“I was not really into it”可知，作者不感兴趣，所以是犹豫地跟着去，故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果水温不合我意，我不会像导弹一样从泳池边冲出去。A. time时间；B. coach教练；C. sport运动；D. temperature温度。根据上文“I’ve never been fond of cold water.”可知，作者不喜欢冷水，所以这里说的是水温，故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果水温不合我意，我不会像导弹一样从泳池边冲出去。A. keep保持；B. launch发射，使……突然行动；C. excuse原谅；D. rescue营救。根据下文“like a missile”可知，这里把自己比作导弹，launch有“使……突然行动”的意思，形象地描述像导弹一样冲出去，故选B项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是那种慢慢适应水的人，一步步地让自己下去，让身体适应冰冷的深处。A. measures测量；B. saves节省；C.takes花费；D. kills杀死。根据下文“easing into the water, lowering myself step-by-step, and...my body to get used to the icy depths.”可知，这里指作者慢慢适应水，take one's time “慢慢来”。符合语境，故选C 项 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我是那种慢慢适应水的人，一步步地让自己下去，让身体适应冰冷的深处。A. permitting使……能够，允许；B. controlling控制；C. examining检查；D. risking冒险。根据上文“easing into the water”可知，这里指让身体能够适应冷水，permit符合语境，故选A项。 【26题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我与水复杂的关系与我父亲形成对比，我觉得他跳水前从不看（水的情况）。A. in opposition to与……形成对比；B. in response to响应；C. at the mercy of受……支配；D. on behalf of代表。根据下文“who I don’t think has ever looked ...he dived.”可知父亲与作者对水的态度不同，这里是形成对比，故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我与水复杂的关系与我父亲形成对比，我觉得他跳水前从不看（水的情况）。A. once一旦；B. before在……之前；C. because因为；D. if如果。根据下文“he dived”可知，这里说父亲跳水前不看，before符合语境，故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我出生后不久，我们搬到了佛罗里达州中部，远离了我父亲年轻时的急流。A. escaped逃跑；B. journeyed旅行；C. relocated搬迁；D. returned返回。根据下文“far away from the rapids of my father’s youth”可知，作者一家搬到了别的地方，relocate符合语境，故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我爸爸已经在齐膝深的水里，快速下沉，而我在一块石头上休息。A. floating漂浮；B. withdrawing撤回；C. breathing呼吸；D. sinking下沉。根据上文“knee - deep in the water”可知，父亲在水里，快速下沉，sink符合语境，故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他停了下来，看着我，也许第一次意识到我陪他进了森林。A. realizing意识到；B. regretting后悔；C. admitting承认；D. agreeing同意。根据下文“perhaps for the first time”以及语境，父亲这时意识到作者陪他来了，realize符合语境，故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他停了下来，看着我，也许第一次意识到我陪他进了森林。A. challenged挑战；B. forced强迫；C. accompanied陪伴；D. guided引导。根据上文“When we finally made it to the La Mina Falls”可知，作者跟着父亲来，所以是陪伴父亲进入森林，accompany符合语境，故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他向我挥手，我踢掉鞋子。A. stared at盯着；B. reached for伸手去拿；C. kicked off踢掉；D. dusted down掸去灰尘。根据下文“I knew if l touched the water with my toe in the first place”科长，作者跳入水中可知，这里是踢掉鞋子准备入水，kick off符合语境，故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，我跳进冰冷的水里，并非完全没有犹豫，一种既成就感又后悔的复杂情绪涌上心头。A. flooding泛滥的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. flowing流动的；D. freezing极冷的。根据上文文“I’ve never been fond of cold water.”可知，水是冰冷的，freezing符合语境，故选D项。 【34题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，我跳进冰冷的水里，并非完全没有犹豫，一种既成就感又后悔的复杂情绪涌上心头。A. confusing令人困惑的；B. regular有规律的；C. similar相似的；D. simple简单的。“accomplishment and regret”是两种不同的感受，这种组合是令人困惑的，confusing符合语境，故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我浮出水面时，我发现父亲正盯着我。A. left离开；B. pictured想象；C. stopped停止；D.caught抓，发现。根据上文 “When I broke the surface”可知，这里指作者发现父亲正盯着自己。catch sb. doing sth.“发现某人正在做某事”，catch 符合语境，故选D项。 第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Electric vehicle giant BYD recently launched a new charging system in China, gaining it an advantageous position in the world’s auto market. The automaker advertised its system, named “Super e-Platform”, as one that can charge its latest models in just five minutes, ____36____ (allow) them to travel up to 400 kilometers. Assigned a 10C rating, ____37____ e-platform can reach full charge in just six minutes. The C-rate is an industry measurement standard ____38____ a 1C rating means the battery can be fully charged in one hour. Therefore, a 10C rating indicates the battery can achieve full charge in one-tenth of an hour, which ____39____ (equal) six minutes. “We’ve always been in ____40____ (pursue) of speedy charging,” BYD founder Wang Chuanfu said “The new battery’s peak charging power can reach 1,000 kilowatts. This is the first time in the industry that the unit of megawatt (兆瓦) ____41____ (achieve) on charging power.” The e-platform works by delivering a large current (电流) to the charging car, ____42____ high currents tend to generate heat that damages EV batteries. To get around this, BYD says it ____43____ (massive) reduced the internal resistance inside the battery. This technology is currently only available in China, and the company has yet ____44____ (confirm) whether it will make it available internationally. If ____45____ (popularize), BYD’s new charging platform represents a major innovation that could help transform the electric car market. 【答案】36. allowing 37. the 38. where 39. equals 40. pursuit 41. has been achieved 42. but 43. massively 44. to confirm 45. popularized 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了比亚迪最近在中国推出了一种新的充电系统，介绍了该系统的优势、工作原理及其潜在影响。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该汽车制造商宣传其名为“超级电子平台”的系统，可以在5分钟内为其最新车型充电，使它们能够行驶400公里。本句已有谓语动词charge，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词，作结果状语，此处表示一种自然而然的结果，所以空处需用allow“允许”的现在分词allowing。故填allowing。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：该电子平台被指定为10C级，只需6分钟即可充满电。此处特指前文提到的“Super e-Platform”，所以空处需用定冠词the。故填the。 【38题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：C率是行业测量标准，1C表示电池可以在一小时内充满电。空处引导定语从句，先行词是standard，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 【39题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：因此，10C表示电池可以在十分之一小时内充满电，相当于6分钟。本空是which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语，根据前文“indicates”可知，此处描述客观事实，所以时态用一般现在时态，主语是which，指代前文整个句子，所以be动词需用equal“相当于，等于”的第三人称单数形式equals。故填equals。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：比亚迪创始人王传福表示：“我们一直在追求快速充电。”in pursuit of“追求”，固定短语，所以空处需用名词pursuit。故填pursuit。 【41题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这是该行业首次在充电功率上达到兆瓦级。本句是“It/This is the first time that...”句型，其从句需用现在完成时态，主语the unit of megawatt (兆瓦)与动词achieve“实现”是被动关系，所以空处需用现在完成时态的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，所以助动词需用has。故填has been achieved。 【42题详解】 考查连词。句意：电子平台的工作原理是向充电汽车输送大电流，但大电流往往会产生热量，损坏电动汽车电池。本空前后为转折关系，所以空处需用连词but。故填but。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：为了解决这个问题，比亚迪表示，它大幅降低了电池内部的电阻。空处修饰动词reduced，需用副词，作状语，massive的副词为massively“大量地，大幅度地”。故填massively。 【44题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：这项技术目前仅在中国可用，该公司尚未确认是否会在国际上推广。have has yet to do sth.“尚未做某事”，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式。故填to confirm。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果普及，比亚迪的新充电平台将是一项重大创新，可能有助于改变电动汽车市场。当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，或从句主语为it，且从句含有be动词时，可以省略状语从句的主语和be动词。本句中的条件状语从句完整句子为if it is popularized，省略it is，保留过去分词。故填popularized。 第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 （满分15分） 46. 为弘扬红色文化，你校高二年级学生于6月5日至9日参加了为期五天的赣州研学实践活动（educational excursion）。假设你是李华，请你为校英语报写一篇报道。内容包括： 1. 活动时间和地点；2. 主要活动过程；3.收获与反响。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 From June 5th to 9th, we embarked on a five-day educational excursion to Ganzhou, where we immersed ourselves in its rich history and vibrant culture. Throughout the trip, we visited numerous historical landmarks, including the renowned Red Army Memorial Hall, where we learned about the heroic actions of revolutionary figures. We also explored local museums and participated in activities that enriched our understanding of Red culture. The experience deepened our appreciation for the historical significance and the invaluable contributions made by our ancestors. Many of us were deeply moved by the stories of courage, perseverance, and resilience. This excursion was not only informative but also highly inspiring. The feedback from both students and teachers was overwhelmingly positive. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英语报写一篇关于高二年级学生赣州研学实践活动的报道，涵盖活动时间地点、主要过程、收获与反响。 详解】1.词汇积累 丰富的：rich → abundant 参观：visit → pay a visit to 感动的：moved → touched 反馈：feedback → response 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：This excursion was not only informative but also highly inspiring. 拓展句：Not only was this excursion informative, but also it was highly inspiring. 【点睛】【高分句型1】From June 5th to 9th, we embarked on a five-day educational excursion to Ganzhou, where we immersed ourselves in its rich history and vibrant culture.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】We also explored local museums and participated in activities that enriched our understanding of Red culture.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Emily and Zoe had been best friends since second grade. They went to the same school, played on the same soccer team, and even wore matching bracelets (手链). Everyone around them said they were like two sides of the same coin. They believed nothing could come between them. But things started to change when a new girl Daisy came to their class. One day, their teacher, Mr. Lynn, announced a big group project. “Pick a partner,” he said. Emily immediately turned to Zoe, expecting her usual smile and a quick “yes.” But to her surprise. Zoe was already talking to Daisy. “I’m going to work with Daisy this time,” Zoe said to Emily, almost too casually. Emily felt like the air had been knocked out of her. She nodded and forced a smile, but inside, she was confused and hurt. That night, she stared at her phone screen, hoping for a message that never came. Over the next few days, she avoided Zoe. Their texts stopped, they no longer sat together during lunch, and the bracelets they once wore daily were now left at home. Even during class, Emily found it hard to focus, her mind replaying the moment when Zoe chose someone else. Weeks passed. The school organized a three-day camping trip in the mountains. Students were divided into several groups. Emily and Zoe ended up in the same one, along with Daisy and two other classmates. Though they barely spoke, they worked together to put up tents and gather firewood. Their conversations were limited to short, polite exchanges — nothing like before. On the second night, dark clouds rolled in and heavy rain soon followed. Everyone rushed into their own tents. Emily quickly discovered that hers was leaking. Cold and upset, she went outside, seeking for help. The wind howled around her, and each raindrop felt like a tiny needle against her skin. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Just then, she saw a flashlight approaching. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With Zoe’s help they soon fixed the tent. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Just then, she saw a flashlight approaching. In the dim light, Emily recognized it was nobody else but Zoe. Her face was filled with concern when she saw Emily struggling in the cold. “I thought you might need help,” Zoe said softly. Emily’s eyes widened with a mix of surprise and relief. Without a word, Zoe stepped forward and examined the tent. She explained that she could fix it with the spare raincoat she had brought. As they worked together, the awkwardness gradually melted away. Emily realized that Zoe still cared and the rain seemed to have washed away the misunderstandings between them. With Zoe’s help, they soon fixed the tent. Back inside the tent, Emily took a deep breath and said, “I was so hurt when you chose Daisy for the project.” Zoe looked at her apologetically and replied, “I’m sorry. I just thought it would be better to include the new comer, but I never meant to hurt you.” That night, they had an open-hearted conversation, clearing up all the confusion. Until then did they realize that friends need open communication and their bond became even stronger. From then on, they wore their matching bracelets again, a symbol of their unbreakable friendship. 【解析】 【导语】本文以友谊为线索展开，讲述Emily和Zoe原本是好友，新同学Daisy到来后，Zoe与她交好，Emily心灵受伤，学校露营时，她们分到同一个组，Emily帐篷漏水。 【详解】1. 段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“就在这时，她看到一个手电筒正在靠近。”可知，第一段可描写来的是Zoe，Zoe主动帮忙修理帐篷，两人之间的尴尬逐渐消除。 ②由第二段首句内容“在Zoe的帮助下，她们很快修好了帐篷。”可知，第二段可描写两人在帐篷里敞开心扉交流，消除误会，友谊更加坚固。 2. 续写线索： Zoe前来帮忙——一起修理帐篷——消除尴尬——敞开心扉交流——友谊更坚固 3. 词汇激活： 行为类 ①认出：recognize/identify ②解释：explain/expound ③选择：choose/select 情绪类 ①惊讶：surprise/astonishment ②尴尬：awkwardness/embarrassment 【点睛】[高分句型1] Her face was filled with concern when she saw Emily struggling in the cold. (运用了从属连词when引导时间状语从句) [高分句型2] As they worked together, the awkwardness gradually melted away. (运用了从属连词as引导时间状语从句) [高分句型3] Until then did they realize that friends need open communication and their bond became even stronger. (运用了部分倒装和连词that引导宾语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$