精品解析：北京市丰台区2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

丰台区2024~2025学年度第二学期期末练习 高一英语 2025. 07 考生须知 1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2. 本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4. 本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 一、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The mountain air carried a hint of coolness as Ursula Bannister stepped onto the familiar trail leading to High Rock Lookout. It was a ____1____ she had kept for 23 years to honor her mother’s memory. The path, ____2____ memories of past visits, seemed to have welcomed her. But this year, fate (命运) had other plans. The path turned uneven (崎岖的). Her foot caught on a hidden root, and a sharp crack (裂缝) split the air. ____3____ shot through her leg. She ____4____, but the silence swallowed her cries. Fear began to spread through her heart as minutes ticked by. Ursula felt that a chill wormed its way into her bones, not just from the mountain air but from the growing sense of loneliness. Just as hopelessness started to take hold, a rustle in the trees announced the arrival of Troy May and Layton Allen. Their sudden ____5____ brought a flicker of hope. Without hesitation, they stepped forward. Troy carefully lifted her onto his back. Layton walked alongside, offering support and conversation to take her mind off the ____6____. As they journeyed down the mountain, Ursula’s fear ____7____ eased. Troy’s steady steps and Layton’s calming words created a sense of safety. Layton shared stories and listened to Ursula’s talks about her mother, linking the ____8____ to the deeper reason behind her presence there. At the bottom, they gently placed her into a car that took her to the hospital. Looking at her rescuers, Ursula felt deeply grateful. In her darkest moment of fear and loneliness, strangers had shown amazing ____9____ and strength Ursula realized that even in darkness, the light of humanity could shine through, creating meaningful bonds between strangers. The mountain, holding memories of her mother, became the stage for a new lesson — the power of selfless ____10____. 1. A. dream B. tradition C. hobby D. training 2. A. examining B. respecting C. missing D. holding 3. A. Pain B. Fear C. Surprise D. Calm 4. A. ran away B. called out C. gave up D. set off 5. A. success B. appearance C. change D. challenge 6. A. determination B. effort C. suffering D. mistake 7. A. hardly B. gradually C. carefully D. usually 8. A. tiredness B. interest C. memory D. accident 9 A. kindness B. adventure C. honesty D. discovery 10. A. teamwork B. passion C. connection D. service 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Ursula Bannister在23年来一直坚持登山缅怀母亲，今年意外受伤，得到了Troy和Layton的救助，让她体会到人性之光与无私帮助的力量。 【1题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她为纪念母亲而坚持了23年的传统。A. dream梦想；B. tradition传统；C. hobby爱好；D. training训练。根据下文“she had kept for 23 years to honor her mother’s memory.”可知，持续23年纪念母亲的一个行为，这应该是一种传统。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这条小路承载着过去拜访的记忆，似乎在欢迎她。A. examining检查；B. respecting尊重；C. missing想念；D. holding承载，持有。根据上文“ stepped onto the familiar trail leading to High Rock Lookout”、“she had kept for 23 years to honor her mother’s memory”以及下文“memories of past visits, seemed to have welcomed her.”可知，此处表示小路承载着过去的记忆。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：剧痛瞬间贯穿整条腿。A. Pain疼痛；B. Fear恐惧；C. Surprise惊讶；D. Calm平静。根据上文“Her foot caught on a hidden root, and a sharp crack (裂缝) split the air.”以及下文“Troy carefully lifted her onto his back.”可知，她的脚被隐藏的树根绊到，腿骨折，所以应该是腿部剧痛。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她大声呼喊，但寂静吞噬了她的哭声。A. ran away逃跑；B. called out大声呼喊；C. gave up放弃；D. set off出发。根据上文“Her foot caught on a hidden root, and a sharp crack (裂缝) split the air.”以及下文“but the silence swallowed her cries”可知，她的腿受伤了，所以此处应表示她大声呼喊求救。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的突然出现带来了一丝希望。A. success成功；B. appearance出现；C. change改变；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“a rustle in the trees announced the arrival of Troy May and Layton Allen.”可知，树丛的沙沙声宣告了他们的到来，他们的突然出现让Ursula Bannister有了希望。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Layton走在旁边，给予支持并和她交谈，让她忘记痛苦。A. determination决心；B. effort努力；C. suffering痛苦；D. mistake错误。根据上文“Her foot caught on a hidden root, and a sharp crack (裂缝) split the air. ___3___ shot through her leg.”可知，她的腿受伤有疼痛，所以此处应表示通过聊天转移她对痛苦的注意力。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他们下山时，Ursula的恐惧逐渐减轻。A. hardly几乎不；B. gradually逐渐地；C. carefully仔细地；D. usually通常。根据下文“Troy’s steady steps and Layton’s calming words created a sense of safety.”可知，Troy稳健的步伐和Layton安抚的话语让她有安全感，所以恐惧应该是逐渐减轻。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Layton分享故事并听Ursula讲述她母亲的事，将这次经历与她出现在那里的更深层次原因联系起来。A. tiredness疲劳；B. interest兴趣；C. memory记忆；D. accident事故。根据上文“she had kept for 23 years to honor her mother’s memory”、“Her foot caught on a hidden root, and a sharp crack (裂缝) split the air. ___3___ shot through her leg.”以及下文 The mountain, holding memories of her mother,”可知，Ursula为纪念母亲来这里，所以此处表示的是将这次经历和母亲的联系起来，即和记忆联系起来。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她最恐惧和孤独的时刻，陌生人表现出了惊人的善良和力量。A. kindness善良；B. adventure冒险；C. honesty诚实；D. discovery发现。根据上文“strangers had shown amazing”以及他们救助Ursula的行为可知，陌生人表现出了善良。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这座承载着她母亲记忆的山，成为了一堂新课的舞台——无私奉献的力量。A. teamwork团队合作；B. passion激情；C. connection联系；D. service服务，奉献。根据上文“In her darkest moment of fear and loneliness, strangers had shown amazing ___9___ and strength Ursula realized that even in darkness, the light of humanity could shine through, creating meaningful bonds between strangers.”可知，陌生人救助Ursula，所以此处表示的是无私奉献的力量。故选D。 二、阅读理解 (共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Art & Science: Fun Experiments to Try Science helps artists try new ideas. Want to create better art? Understand the science behind it! Now, let’s try four experiments connecting science and art. Wet Wall Painting Do you know Wet Wall Painting-painting on wet plaster (灰泥)? Try this: Mix cornstarch (玉米淀粉) and water to make sticky mixture. Paint on it. The mixture acts like real plaster-it takes in paint water, making colors brighter. This scientific method helps art stay beautiful for hundreds of years. Ink Color Secret Are all black markers the same? Use filter paper (滤纸) to find out. Draw a dot with a black marker. Put the paper’s edge in water. As the water rises, it separates ink into different colors. You might see blue or yellow! This method, called color separation, helps make perfect ink colors. Cream Art Design Make colorful patterns with shaving (剃须) cream. Spread cream on a plate, add food coloring drops. Mix colors with a stick. Press paper on top. The soap in the cream has two special parts-some attract water, others push it away. When pressed, these special parts lock in colors in various patterns, and each pattern looks new and different! Moving Picture Magic Make a flipbook (翻页书) with sticky notes. Draw small changes on each page-like a ball bouncing (弹跳). Flip the pages quickly to see the movement! Large changes between pictures make the movement broken; small changes produce smooth moving images—exactly how cartoon movies work. This shows how our brains might use visual clues to fill in missing information. These experiments show what science has to do with art. By understanding science, artists can complete their works more creatively. 11. What materials are used in Wet Wall Painting? A. Water and cornstarch. B. Filter paper and water. C. Cream and food coloring. D. Sticky notes and markers. 12. Which of the following experiments is Ink Color Secret? A. B. C. D. 13. The flipbook experiment mainly shows ________. A. ways to create sticky notes B. the science behind cartoon movies C. how to use clearer visual clues D. how to draw larger changes on pages 14. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To develop science theories. B. To show science in art. C. To offer art lessons. D. To explain science subjects. 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个将科学与艺术结合的实验，展示科学对艺术的帮助，体现艺术中的科学。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据Wet Wall Painting部分“Try this: Mix cornstarch and water to make sticky mixture. (试试这个：将玉米淀粉和水混合成粘性混合物)”可知，湿墙绘画使用的材料是水和玉米淀粉。故选A。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据Ink Color Secret部分“Are all black markers the same? Use filter paper to find out. Draw a dot with a black marker. Put the paper’s edge in water. As the water rises, it separates ink into different colors. You might see blue or yellow! This method, called color separation, helps make perfect ink colors. (所有的黑色标记都一样吗？使用滤纸进行查找。用黑色记号笔画一个点。把纸的边缘放进水里。随着水的上升，它把墨水分成不同的颜色。你可能会看到蓝色或黄色！这种方法称为分色，有助于制作出完美的油墨颜色)”可知，墨水颜色秘密实验是在滤纸上画黑色点，之后纸的边缘被放进水里，水上升，墨水被分成不同颜色，C图显示的正是这种实验。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据Moving Picture Magic部分“Make a flipbook with sticky notes. Draw small changes on each page-like a ball bouncing. Flip the pages quickly to see the movement! ... exactly how cartoon movies work. This shows how our brains might use visual clues to fill in missing information. (用便利贴做一本翻页书。在每一页上画出小的变化，就像一个弹跳的球。快速翻页以查看运动！……这正是卡通电影的工作原理。这表明我们的大脑可能会利用视觉线索来填补缺失的信息)”可知，翻页书实验主要展示了卡通电影背后的科学原理。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Science helps artists try new ideas. Want to create better art? Understand the science behind it! Now, let’s try four experiments connecting science and art. (科学帮助艺术家尝试新想法。想创作更好的艺术吗？了解背后的科学原理！现在，让我们尝试四个连接科学和艺术的实验)”、最后一段“These experiments show what science has to do with art. By understanding science, artists can complete their works more creatively. (这些实验展示了科学与艺术的关系。通过理解科学，艺术家可以更有创意地完成他们的作品)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了四个将科学与艺术结合的实验，文章的主要目的是展示艺术中的科学。故选B。 B Sia Godika was 13 when she noticed the barefoot children of construction workers at a building site near her house in Bangalore. “Their feet were bare. Cracked. Hard. Dirty. Bleeding,” reflects Sia, now 17. “They were just walking around that building site like it was an everyday practice for them.” And it was at that moment that Sia realised the troubling contrast to her own privilege (特权). Later that year, with the help of her parents and community volunteers, Sia founded Sole Warriors, an organization that works to provide shoes to those in need. It has a motto: “Donate a sole (鞋底), save a soul.” The idea, which started as a dinner conversation with her parents, quickly grew. After Sia spread the word with posters and WhatsApp groups, messages from people who wanted to help came flooding in. For months, Sia was juggling (同时应付) schoolwork and her new passion project. “I was up till 2 a. m. creating Excel sheets to see which apartment buildings we could approach for donations and contacting people.” In its first donation drive, Sole Warriors collected and gave out 700 pairs of shoes. Today that number stands at around 28,000 across four countries, including the United States, China and Liberia, thanks to the hard work of a core team of about 80 volunteers. But the organization’s growth wasn’t without its challenges. When it came to looking for collaborators (合作者), the main difficulty was finding a company that would free of charge do the repairs and clean up the shoes to look like new, Sia faced one problem after another before finding a partner. “Being a 13-year-old, I did face a lot of bias (偏见), because at my age, people were less willing to hear me out,” says Sia. In recognition of her impact, in 2021 Sia was given the Diana Award, one of the most respected honours a young person can receive. But her work isn’t done. “Our goal has always been to touch a million feet,” she says. 15. How did Sia feel when she saw children walking barefoot? A. Nervous. B. Curious. C. Puzzled. D. Shocked. 16. What was the biggest challenge Sia met in developing Sole Warriors? A. Lack of volunteer enthusiasm. B. Finding a company to repair shoes for free. C. Collecting enough donated footwear. D. Balancing her schoolwork and charity work 17. Which of the following words can best describe Sia? A. Determined and caring. B. Honest and modest. C. Generous and strict. D. Gifted and ambitious. 18. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Sole Warriors, Bright Future B. A Journey of a Thousand Miles C. Walking in someone else’s shoes D. Barefoot Children’s Big Dream 【答案】15. D 16. B 17. A 18. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Sia Godika从13岁起关注建筑工人子女赤脚问题，创立Sole Warriors组织，克服困难捐赠约2.8万双鞋。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段““Their feet were bare. Cracked. Hard. Dirty. Bleeding,” reflects Sia, now 17. “They were just walking around that building site like it was an everyday practice for them.” And it was at that moment that Sia realised the troubling contrast to her own privilege. (“他们的脚光着。开裂。坚硬。肮脏。流血，”现年17岁的Sia回忆道。“他们就那样每天都在建筑工地里走来走去。”就在那一刻，Sia意识到这与她自己的特权形成了令人不安的对比)”可知，当Sia看到孩子们光着脚走路时，她感到震惊。故选D。 【16题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“But the organization’s growth wasn’t without its challenges. When it came to looking for collaborators, the main difficulty was finding a company that would free of charge do the repairs and clean up the shoes to look like new, Sia faced one problem after another before finding a partner. (但该组织的发展并非没有挑战。在寻找合作者时，主要的困难是找到一家愿意免费修理和清洁鞋子，使其看起来焕然一新的公司。在找到合作伙伴之前，Sia面临着一个又一个问题)”可知，Sia在发展Sole Warriors时遇到的最大挑战是找到一家免费修理鞋子的公司。故选B。 【17题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Later that year, with the help of her parents and community volunteers, Sia founded Sole Warriors, an organization that works to provide shoes to those in need. (同年晚些时候，在父母和社区志愿者的帮助下，Sia创立了Sole Warriors，这是一个致力于为有需要的人提供鞋子的组织)”以及第五段“But the organization’s growth wasn’t without its challenges. When it came to looking for collaborators, the main difficulty was finding a company that would free of charge do the repairs and clean up the shoes to look like new, Sia faced one problem after another before finding a partner. (但该组织的发展并非没有挑战。在寻找合作者时，主要的困难是找到一家愿意免费修理和清洁鞋子，使其看起来焕然一新的公司。在找到合作伙伴之前，Sia面临着一个又一个问题)”可知，Sia创立组织帮助有需要的人，并且面临重重困难仍然继续坚持，这表明她是一个有决心和有爱心的人。故选A。 【18题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段““Their feet were bare. Cracked. Hard. Dirty. Bleeding,” reflects Sia, now 17. “They were just walking around that building site like it was an everyday practice for them.” And it was at that moment that Sia realised the troubling contrast to her own privilege. (“他们的脚光着。开裂。坚硬。肮脏。流血，”现年17岁的Sia回忆道。“他们就那样每天都在建筑工地里走来走去。”就在那一刻，Sia意识到这与她自己的特权形成了令人不安的对比)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了Sia看到光脚的孩子后，创立了Sole Warriors组织为他们提供鞋子，并克服重重困难坚持下来的故事。C选项表示“站在别人的立场上”，即设身处地为别人着想，此处引申为“关注他人的困境并伸出援手”最符合文章主旨，同时“shoes”也契合文章主题，适合作为文章标题。故选C。 C Making predictions blocks the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually associated with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this “statistical learning”). But scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter (后者) function can interrupt the former. Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them some image categories always followed others: mountains always came immediately after beaches, for example. The subjects were intended to subconsciously (潜意识地) learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again, mixed in with new examples, and were asked if they had spotted any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing random images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictures). The scientists repeated this process while scanning participants’ brains with functional MRI. Each image category caused a specific neural activity pattern, and the patterns for “predicable” categories were seen in the hippocampus when the correlating predictive category was displayed. Moreover, the effect’s strength in fMRI correlated inversely with participants’ memory task scores. “The more evidence for prediction we saw, the worse their memory was for those predictive items,” such as a particular beach scene, says study lead author and Yale University cognitive neuroscientist Brynn Sherman. This suggests that predictive images activated the hippocampus to shift gears toward prediction — and away from encoding a new memory. The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions affects human memory. Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learning but had not known how it interacts with memory formation. “This paper is a really nice demonstration of the trade-off where the hippocampus is doing both these things,” says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long, who was not involved in the research. The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same biological pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with “using one’s right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car ... but not both at the same time.” This setup could prevent unnecessary memory storage and thus conserve brainpower, Sherman says: a successful prediction would contain the same information as an actual outcome. 19. What does the research focus on? A. The function of the hippocampus in remembering events. B The impact of making predictions on human memory C. The development of statistical learning in the brain. D. The relationship between repetition and memory encoding 20. What does the underlined word “inversely” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Oppositely. B. Indirectly. C. Randomly. D. Occasionally. 21. In Paragraph 5, the comparison is used to ________. A. clarify difficulties in brain memory B. explain the brain’s multiple functions C. highlight the importance of the hippocampus D. show hippocampus’s switching role 22. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Secrets of the Hippocampus B. Prediction: A Memory Problem C. The Science of Statistical Learning D. The Brain’s Memory and Prediction Functions 【答案】19. B 20. A 21. D 22. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了新研究表明，大脑预测功能会阻碍记忆当下，海马体在预测和记忆间存在权衡，二者共用部分生物通路，无法同时进行。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Making predictions blocks the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually associated with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this “statistical learning”). But scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter (后者) function can interrupt the former. (新的研究表明，做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力。海马体是一种通常与记忆事件相关的大脑结构，它也利用经验进行预测（神经科学家称之为“统计学习”）。但是，在《美国国家科学院院刊》上发表文章的科学家们现在已经证明，后者的功能可以中断前者)”可知，该研究主要关注的是做出预测对人类记忆的影响。故选B。 【20题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“Moreover, the effect’s strength in fMRI correlated inversely with participants’ memory task scores. (此外，功能磁共振成像中这种效应的强度与参与者的记忆任务得分的关系inversely)”以及后文“The more evidence for prediction we saw, the worse their memory was for those predictive items (我们看到的预测证据越多，他们对这些预测项目的记忆就越差)”可知，功能磁共振成像中，预测效应越强，记忆任务得分越低，这种预测效应的强度与参与者的记忆任务得分呈相反关系，划线单词inversely在此处意为“相反地”，与Oppositely意思相近。故选A。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same biological pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with “using one’s right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car ... but not both at the same time.” (该团队表示，之所以会出现这种权衡，是因为记忆和预测都使用了一些相同的生物途径。在这篇论文中，作者将其与“用右脚同时操作汽车的刹车和油门踏板……但不能同时踩两者”进行了比较)”可知，第五段中的这个比较是用来解释海马体在记忆和预测之间的切换作用，就像用右脚不能同时踩刹车和油门一样，海马体也不能同时专注于记忆和预测。故选D。 【22题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Making predictions blocks the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. (新的研究表明，做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了新的研究表明做出预测会阻碍大脑记住当下时刻的能力，特别是海马体在记忆和预测之间的切换作用。因此，“预测：一个记忆问题”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B。 D Amid rolling farms and green pasture 150 miles northwest of Sao Paulo, Brazil, two tropical forests bloom as one. The first consists of a single species, row after row of non-native eucalyptuses (桉树), planted in perfect lines like carrots. The other is haphazard, a mixture of dozens of varieties of native saplings. There’s no denying it: This forest looks ridiculous. Yet these 2.5-acre stands of native trees, ringed by fast-growing exotics (外来植物), are among many promising efforts to bring back the planet’s forests. The eucalyptuses, says Pedro Brancalion, the University of Sao Paulo agronomist who designed this experiment, get big so quickly they can be cut after five years and used to make paper. That covers nearly half or more of the cost of planting the slow-growing native trees, which then naturally reseed ground that has been laid bare by the harvest. And this process doesn’t hamper natural regeneration. You needn’t look far these days to find organizations trying to save the world by growing trees. Yet too many planting campaigns, forest experts say, still get too much wrong. Too often, they are so focused on getting credit for each seedling plant that they ignore what matters most: What kind of woodland is created? At what cost? And most importantly: How long will it last? Using the number of trees planted as a magic “proxy for everything,” Brancalion says, you “spend more money and get lower levels of success.” Tree planting seems like a simple, natural way to counter the crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. Trees provide wildlife habitats and absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. No wonder trees are praised as the ideal weapon. However, simply reforesting the planet isn’t going to do much if we don’t also start cutting down on our emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas. Tree planting also can’t replace old-growth forests. So what should we do? To Brancalion, the answer is obvious: Restore native forests, mostly in the tropics, where trees grow fast and land is cheap. That may require planting. But it also may call for clearing exotic grasses, fixing soils, or improving crop yields for farmers so that less land is needed for agriculture and more can be allowed to go back to forests. With resources limited and no time to spare, Brancalion says, jump-starting natural processes can help. In many cases, if we let nature do the heavy lifting, he says, “the forest can regrow quite effectively.” 23. What does the author intend to do by describing the two forests near Sao Paulo? A. Introduce a topic. B. Justify a comparison. C. Give a suggestion. D. Highlight an argument. 24. What does the word “hamper” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Get in the way of. B. Take care of. C. Keep up with. D. Do away with. 25. What can you infer from the passage? A. Restoring native trees can be fast and cheap. B. Fast-growing trees boost species diversity C. We can practically miss the forest for the trees. D. Planting trees works wonders for the climate crisis. 26. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Plant more trees-and solve climate problems B. Plant more trees-but defend the climate C. Plant more trees-and time will heal D. Plant more trees-but let nature take its course 【答案】23. A 24. A 25. C 26. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了巴西圣保罗附近的造林实验，指出植树需注重原生林恢复，结合自然力量，而非仅追求数量，还需减少排放等。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Amid rolling farms and green pasture 150 miles northwest of Sao Paulo, Brazil, two tropical forests bloom as one. The first consists of a single species, row after row of non-native eucalyptuses (桉树), planted in perfect lines like carrots. The other is haphazard, a mixture of dozens of varieties of native saplings.(在巴西圣保罗西北150英里的连绵起伏的农场和绿色牧场中，两片热带森林融为一体。第一种由一种单一的物种组成，一排排非本地桉树，像胡萝卜一样整齐地种植。另一种是偶然的，由几十种本土树苗混合而成)”以及第二段“There’s no denying it: This forest looks ridiculous. Yet these 2.5-acre stands of native trees, ringed by fast-growing exotics (外来植物), are among many promising efforts to bring back the planet’s forests.(不可否认：这片森林看起来很荒谬。然而，这些2.5英亩的本土树木，被快速生长的外来植物环绕，是恢复地球森林的许多有希望的努力之一)”可知，作者通过描述圣保罗附近的两种森林：一种是非本地桉树，一种是本地树苗的混合林，这是为了引出关于森林恢复和植树造林的话题。故选A。 【24题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“The eucalyptuses, says Pedro Brancalion, the University of Sao Paulo agronomist who designed this experiment, get big so quickly they can be cut after five years and used to make paper. That covers nearly half or more of the cost of planting the slow-growing native trees, which then naturally reseed ground that has been laid bare by the harvest. And this process doesn’t hamper natural regeneration. (圣保罗大学农学家Pedro Brancalion设计了这项实验，他说桉树长得很快，五年后就可以砍伐并用于造纸。这几乎涵盖了种植生长缓慢的本土树木的一半或更多成本，然后这些树木会自然地重新播种因收获而裸露的土地。这个过程不会hamper自然再生)”可知，桉树生长迅速，五年后可砍伐用于造纸，为种植生长缓慢的原生树木提供资金，且原生树木能在桉树砍伐后的裸露土地上自然重新播种，可推测这个过程不会阻碍自然再生。因此，hamper在此处意为“阻碍”，与Get in the way of意义相近。故选A。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Too often, they are so focused on getting credit for each seedling plant that they ignore what matters most: What kind of woodland is created? At what cost? And most importantly: How long will it last? (很多时候，他们过于关注每棵树苗的功劳，却忽略了最重要的问题：创造了什么样的林地？成本是多少？最重要的是：它能持续多久？)”以及第五段“Tree planting seems like a simple, natural way to counter the crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. However, simply reforesting the planet isn’t going to do much if we don’t also start cutting down on our emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas. Tree planting also can’t replace old-growth forests. (植树似乎是应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失危机的简单、自然的方法。然而，如果我们不开始减少煤炭、石油和天然气燃烧产生的排放，仅仅重新造林并不会有多大作用。植树也不能取代原始森林)”可知，植树造林看似简单，但如果不考虑森林的类型、成本和持久性，以及减少碳排放和保护原始森林，就可能只见树木不见森林，即忽略了真正重要的问题。故选C。 【26题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“With resources limited and no time to spare, Brancalion says, jump-starting natural processes can help. In many cases, if we let nature do the heavy lifting, he says, “the forest can regrow quite effectively.” (Brancalion说，由于资源有限，时间紧迫，启动自然过程会有所帮助。他说，在许多情况下，如果我们让自然承担重任，“森林可以非常有效地重新生长。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了植树造林的问题，指出虽然植树看似是应对气候变化和生物多样性丧失的简单方法，但如果不考虑森林的类型、成本和持久性，以及减少碳排放和保护原始森林，就可能效果不佳。文章强调，在资源有限和时间紧迫的情况下，应该让自然发挥其再生能力，让森林自然恢复。因此，D选项“Plant more trees-but let nature take its course (多植树，但让自然顺其自然)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。 三、阅读回答问题 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When I was a youngster, my mother would say, “Go outside and play.” And I would, with all the other kids in the neighborhood. We learned a lot about nature and ourselves playing outside. For one thing, we quickly learned to recognize poison ivy. A few years ago I was fortunate to be asked to join the advisory committee of Children and Nature Network (C&NN). This is a growing organization created by author Richard Louv. His book, Last Child in the Woods, became a best-seller as people realized we have a generation of children so connected to electronics that they are losing their connection to nature. As Louv writes, “We are fast approaching a generation of children where no child will have played outdoors.” Nature is more than plants and animals we observe each day. Nature is a shared spirit of being with all things. Through nature we learn that everything is cyclical, that life begins and life passes, and that every life is in balance with all other life forms, and each one helps the other fulfill its essential purpose. My neighbors embody the actions and nature philosophy that Louv suggests in his book. They plant, they play, and they teach their children that nature has her purpose. They live out the philosophy that we are part of nature, and when we abuse (滥用) her, we abuse ourselves. Spending time outdoors both in loneliness and at play is an important education for children. The outdoors encourages an inner connection to nature, and if you stay there for a little while in silence, you will see all the natural connections. You will connect to the chlorophyll (叶绿素) of plants, the flight of insects and birds, the awareness of mammals (哺乳动物), and especially the knowing of the earth herself. In Shakespeare’s As You Like It, the Duke in the Forest of Arden says: “... there are tongues in trees, books in running brooks, sermons (诉说) in stones, and good in everything.” 27 How did the author learn about nature and herself when she was young? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 28. What problem does Richard Louv point out in his book? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 29. How do you understand the underlined sentence “when we abuse her, we abuse ourselves” in Paragraph 4? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 30. What benefits can we get from spending time outdoors? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 31. What can you learn from the Duke’s words in Shakespeare’s book? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】27. By playing outside with other kids in the neighborhood. 28. A generation of children is so connected to electronics that they are losing their connection to nature. 29. We are part of nature, so abusing nature means harming ourselves. 30. It encourages an inner connection to nature and helps us see all the natural connections. 31. Everything in nature has its value and meaning. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述作者幼时户外玩耍学自然，提及儿童与自然脱节问题，强调亲近自然的好处及自然万物皆有价值。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“And I would, with all the other kids in the neighborhood. We learned a lot about nature and ourselves playing outside.(我会和邻居家的其他孩子一起去。我们在户外玩耍时，学到了很多关于大自然和我们自己的东西。)”可知，作者小时候通过和邻居家的其他孩子在户外玩耍了解自然和自己。故填By playing outside with other kids in the neighborhood. 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“His book, Last Child in the Woods, became a best-seller as people realized we have a generation of children so connected to electronics that they are losing their connection to nature.(他的书《Last Child in the Woods》成了畅销书，因为人们意识到，我们这一代的孩子与电子产品的联系如此紧密，以至于他们正在失去与自然的联系。)”可知，Richard Louv在他的书中指出一代孩子与电子产品联系过于紧密，正在失去与自然的联系。故填A generation of children is so connected to electronics that they are losing their connection to nature. 【29题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“They live out the philosophy that we are part of nature, and when we abuse (滥用) her, we abuse ourselves.(他们践行着这样一种哲学：我们是自然的一部分，当我们滥用自然时，我们就是在滥用自己。)” 可知，因为我们是自然的一部分，所以当我们滥用自然时，就是在伤害自己。故填We are part of nature, so abusing nature means harming ourselves. 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The outdoors encourages an inner connection to nature, and if you stay there for a little while in silence, you will see all the natural connections.(户外鼓励与自然的内在联系，如果你在那里安静地待一会儿，你会看到所有自然的联系。)”可知，花时间在户外能鼓励我们与自然建立内在联系，让我们看到所有自然的联系。故填It encourages an inner connection to nature and helps us see all the natural connections. 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段引语“... there are tongues in trees, books in running brooks, sermons (诉说) in stones, and good in everything.(……树木有言语，溪流有书籍，石头有诉说，万物皆有善。)”可知，公爵的话表明自然界的一切都有其价值和意义。故填Everything in nature has its value and meaning. 四、任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，在表格相应横线上用词语正确形式填空，每空一词。 My story into the great unknown As a new migrant (移民) to Australia, the first thing that I wanted to do was to explore its wide open spaces and natural beauty. One day, I overheard a colleague talking about a cycling trail called The Munda Biddi that runs through the bush (丛林). I researched online. The trail was still new, and mobile phone coverage along the route was poor. My map reading skills would be put to the test. However, I was fit and enthusiastic. I decided to give it a try. Early in the morning, I set off. It didn’t take long before I realised just how hot it was. I drank water continually and the first thing I did when I arrived at the first stop was to check the rain water tank. I was relieved to find that it had water and I refilled my bottles. Surprisingly, I saw very few recent entries there. By midday, I followed the trail to my second stop at Nglang Boodja Hut. After a while, the trail markers became difficult to find. Without a GPS, I was becoming concerned about getting lost. Even worse, I hadn’t met any other cyclists along the route. As evening drew near, I realised that I was quite lost. I stopped and tried to make sense of the maps. The original plan was to stay overnight at a tourist park near Logue Brook Dam, where I would try and contact my wife, but I had no idea where I was. Wearily, I got up, remounted my bike and started to double back in the hope of finding any trail markers. After moving slowly for about one hour, I was delighted to see cycle tracks that looked recent. Encouraged, I cycled on, keeping a sharp eye on the tracks. However, I soon realised that they were my own! I was covering the same ground. Discouraged, I stopped and lay my bike. I had no more water, and my tongue felt swollen. It’s getting dark. A sudden warm gust of wind stirred me. I widened my eyes and heard the distant sound of a motor, but the sound disappeared. A while later I heard it again, closer. I forced myself up and walked to where the sound was coming. As I topped the hill, I saw Logue Brook Dam, with boats towing water skiers and people relaxing under trees. I returned to my bike, pushed it up the hill, and freewheeled it straight into the beautiful cool waters of the dam. Title My story into the great unknown Setting The story took place along the Munda Biddi cycling trail in the Australian bush. It’s a beautiful but challenging area with ____32____ mobile phone coverage and no GPS. Character As a new migrant to Australia, he was fit and adventurous, with a strong desire to ____33____ his new country. However, he had limited ____34____ reading skills. Development As he began cycling, the strong ____35____ made him feel thirsty. When he reached the first stop and found water, he felt relieved. ____36____ on to Nglang Boodja Hut, he became ____37____ as the trail markers were hard to see. Things get ____38____ when he realised he’s lost and had no water left, making him feel down and anxious. Climax But then he heard a motor, ____39____ gave him hope and strength. He forced himself up and followed the sound. Ending Finally, he unexpectedly found Logue Brook Dam and let go of his bike into the water ____40____. Theme Nature may present unexpected challenges. Solo wilderness adventures need a good ____41____ more than curiosity. 【答案】32. poor 33. explore 34. map 35. heat 36. Moving 37. concerned 38. worse 39. which 40. straight 41. preparation 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一位澳大利亚新移民骑行Munda Biddi路线时，因信号差、迷路缺水陷入困境，最终循着马达声找到水坝脱险的经历。 【32题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“The trail was still new, and mobile phone coverage along the route was poor.(这条小径还是新的，沿途的手机信号很差)”可知，这条路线上的手机信号覆盖很差，空处应填形容词poor，描述信号覆盖情况差。故填poor。 【33题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“As a new migrant (移民) to Australia, the first thing that I wanted to do was to explore its wide open spaces and natural beauty.(作为一名新移民到澳大利亚，我想做的第一件事就是探索它广阔的开放空间和自然美景)”可知，作为新移民，作者渴望探索新国家的广阔空间和自然美景，空处用于不定式符号to之后，应填动词原形explore。故填explore。 【34题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“My map reading skills would be put to the test.(我的地图阅读技能将受到考验)”可推知，作者的地图阅读技能有限，将受到考验，空处应填名词map，表示“地图”。故填map。 【35题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“It didn’t take long before I realised just how hot it was. I drank water continually and the first thing I did when I arrived at the first stop was to check the rain water tank.(没过多久，我就意识到天气有多热。我不停地喝水，当我到达第一站时，我做的第一件事就是检查雨水箱)”可知，作者开始骑车时，强烈的热（天气）让作者感到口渴，空处应填名词形式heat，表示导致口渴的原因。故填heat。 【36题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“By midday, I followed the trail to my second stop at Nglang Boodja Hut. After a while, the trail markers became difficult to find.(中午时分，我沿着小路走到第二站Nglang Boodja Hut。过了一会儿，足迹变得很难找到)”可知，继续前行到第二站Nglang Boodja Hut后，路标变得很难找，空处应用动词move，move on表示“继续前进”，与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，使用现在分词形式作状语，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Moving。 【37题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“After a while, the trail markers became difficult to find. Without a GPS, I was becoming concerned about getting lost.(过了一会儿，足迹变得很难找到。没有GPS，我开始担心迷路了)”可知，作者变得担心起来，空处应填形容词形式concerned，表示作者的情绪状态。故填concerned。 【38题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“As evening drew near, I realised that I was quite lost. (夜幕降临，我意识到自己完全迷路了)”以及倒数第二段“I had no more water, and my tongue felt swollen.(我没有水了，舌头肿了)”可知，作者迷路且没有水了，事情变得更糟了，空处应填形容词bad的比较级形式worse，表示情况的恶化。故填worse。 【39题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“A while later I heard it again, closer. I forced myself up and walked to where the sound was coming.(过了一会儿，我又听到了，更近了。我强迫自己站起来，走到声音传来的地方)”可知，作者听到马达声，这给了他希望和力量，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词motor，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“I returned to my bike, pushed it up the hill, and freewheeled it straight into the beautiful cool waters of the dam.(我回到我的自行车上，把它推上山，然后自由地把它直直地骑进大坝美丽凉爽的水中)”可知，最后作者意外地发现了大坝，把自行车推上山后，让自行车径直滑行至水里，空处应填副词形式straight，描述作者径直地放自行车进水的动作方式。故填straight。 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“One day, I overheard a colleague talking about a cycling trail called The Munda Biddi that runs through the bush (丛林). I researched online. The trail was still new, and mobile phone coverage along the route was poor. My map reading skills would be put to the test. However, I was fit and enthusiastic. I decided to give it a try.(有一天，我无意中听到一位同事在谈论一条穿过灌木丛的名为“The Munda Biddi”的自行车道。我在网上进行了研究。这条小径还是新的，沿途的手机信号很差。我的地图阅读技能将受到考验。然而，我身体健康，充满热情。我决定试试)”以及文章内容可知，作者没有进行足够的准备就去探索新的自行车道，导致陷入困境，所以独自的野外冒险需要的不仅仅是好奇心，还需要一个好的准备，空处应填名词形式preparation。故填preparation。 五、书面表达 (25分) 42. 假设你是某中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris即将进入高中，他来信询问有效的学习方法。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 分享你的学习方法； 2. 说明理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chrism ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Chris, I’m thrilled to hear you’re about to start high school! Here are some effective learning methods I’ve found helpful. Firstly, create a study schedule. Allocate specific times for each subject daily. This ensures balanced learning and prevents last-minute cramming. Secondly, take detailed notes in class, which help me grasp key concepts and serve as great revision material. Lastly, practice regularly. Solving problems and doing exercises reinforces understanding and boosts confidence. These methods work because they promote discipline, active learning, and consistent improvement. I hope they benefit you too! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国笔友Chris回一封邮件，分享自己的学习方法，并说明理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 兴奋：thrilled → excited 确保：ensure → guarantee 帮助：help → assist 理解：grasp → understand 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Allocate specific times for each subject daily. This ensures balanced learning and prevents last-minute cramming. 拓展句：Allocate specific times for each subject daily, which ensures balanced learning and prevents last-minute cramming. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Here are some effective learning methods I’ve found helpful. (运用了省略that引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】Secondly, take detailed notes in class, which help me grasp key concepts and serve as great revision material. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 丰台区2024~2025学年度第二学期期末练习 高一英语 2025. 07 考生须知 1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、班级、姓名、教育ID号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的教育ID号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。 2. 本次练习所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。 3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在练习卷、草稿纸上答题无效。 4. 本练习卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。 一、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 The mountain air carried a hint of coolness as Ursula Bannister stepped onto the familiar trail leading to High Rock Lookout. It was a ____1____ she had kept for 23 years to honor her mother’s memory. The path, ____2____ memories of past visits, seemed to have welcomed her. But this year, fate (命运) had other plans. The path turned uneven (崎岖的). Her foot caught on a hidden root, and a sharp crack (裂缝) split the air. ____3____ shot through her leg. She ____4____, but the silence swallowed her cries. Fear began to spread through her heart as minutes ticked by. Ursula felt that a chill wormed its way into her bones, not just from the mountain air but from the growing sense of loneliness. Just as hopelessness started to take hold, a rustle in the trees announced the arrival of Troy May and Layton Allen. Their sudden ____5____ brought a flicker of hope. Without hesitation, they stepped forward. Troy carefully lifted her onto his back. Layton walked alongside, offering support and conversation to take her mind off the ____6____. As they journeyed down the mountain, Ursula’s fear ____7____ eased. Troy’s steady steps and Layton’s calming words created a sense of safety. Layton shared stories and listened to Ursula’s talks about her mother, linking the ____8____ to the deeper reason behind her presence there. At the bottom, they gently placed her into a car that took her to the hospital. Looking at her rescuers, Ursula felt deeply grateful. In her darkest moment of fear and loneliness, strangers had shown amazing ____9____ and strength Ursula realized that even in darkness, the light of humanity could shine through, creating meaningful bonds between strangers. The mountain, holding memories of her mother, became the stage for a new lesson — the power of selfless ____10____. 1. A. dream B. tradition C. hobby D. training 2. A. examining B. respecting C. missing D. holding 3. A. Pain B. Fear C. Surprise D. Calm 4. A. ran away B. called out C. gave up D. set off 5 A. success B. appearance C. change D. challenge 6. A. determination B. effort C. suffering D. mistake 7. A. hardly B. gradually C. carefully D. usually 8. A. tiredness B. interest C. memory D. accident 9. A. kindness B. adventure C. honesty D. discovery 10. A. teamwork B. passion C. connection D. service 二、阅读理解 (共16小题；每小题2.5分，共40分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Art & Science: Fun Experiments to Try Science helps artists try new ideas. Want to create better art? Understand the science behind it! Now, let’s try four experiments connecting science and art. Wet Wall Painting Do you know Wet Wall Painting-painting on wet plaster (灰泥)? Try this: Mix cornstarch (玉米淀粉) and water to make sticky mixture. Paint on it. The mixture acts like real plaster-it takes in paint water, making colors brighter. This scientific method helps art stay beautiful for hundreds of years. Ink Color Secret Are all black markers the same? Use filter paper (滤纸) to find out. Draw a dot with a black marker. Put the paper’s edge in water. As the water rises, it separates ink into different colors. You might see blue or yellow! This method, called color separation, helps make perfect ink colors. Cream Art Design Make colorful patterns with shaving (剃须) cream. Spread cream on a plate, add food coloring drops. Mix colors with a stick. Press paper on top. The soap in the cream has two special parts-some attract water, others push it away. When pressed, these special parts lock in colors in various patterns, and each pattern looks new and different! Moving Picture Magic Make a flipbook (翻页书) with sticky notes. Draw small changes on each page-like a ball bouncing (弹跳). Flip the pages quickly to see the movement! Large changes between pictures make the movement broken; small changes produce smooth moving images—exactly how cartoon movies work. This shows how our brains might use visual clues to fill in missing information. These experiments show what science has to do with art. By understanding science, artists can complete their works more creatively. 11. What materials are used in Wet Wall Painting? A. Water and cornstarch. B. Filter paper and water. C Cream and food coloring. D. Sticky notes and markers. 12. Which of the following experiments is Ink Color Secret? A. B. C. D. 13. The flipbook experiment mainly shows ________. A. ways to create sticky notes B. the science behind cartoon movies C. how to use clearer visual clues D. how to draw larger changes on pages 14. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To develop science theories. B. To show science in art. C. To offer art lessons. D. To explain science subjects. B Sia Godika was 13 when she noticed the barefoot children of construction workers at a building site near her house in Bangalore. “Their feet were bare. Cracked. Hard. Dirty. Bleeding,” reflects Sia, now 17. “They were just walking around that building site like it was an everyday practice for them.” And it was at that moment that Sia realised the troubling contrast to her own privilege (特权). Later that year, with the help of her parents and community volunteers, Sia founded Sole Warriors, an organization that works to provide shoes to those in need. It has a motto: “Donate a sole (鞋底), save a soul.” The idea, which started as a dinner conversation with her parents, quickly grew. After Sia spread the word with posters and WhatsApp groups, messages from people who wanted to help came flooding in. For months, Sia was juggling (同时应付) schoolwork and her new passion project. “I was up till 2 a. m. creating Excel sheets to see which apartment buildings we could approach for donations and contacting people.” In its first donation drive, Sole Warriors collected and gave out 700 pairs of shoes. Today that number stands at around 28,000 across four countries, including the United States, China and Liberia, thanks to the hard work of a core team of about 80 volunteers. But the organization’s growth wasn’t without its challenges. When it came to looking for collaborators (合作者), the main difficulty was finding a company that would free of charge do the repairs and clean up the shoes to look like new, Sia faced one problem after another before finding a partner. “Being a 13-year-old, I did face a lot of bias (偏见), because at my age, people were less willing to hear me out,” says Sia. In recognition of her impact, in 2021 Sia was given the Diana Award, one of the most respected honours a young person can receive. But her work isn’t done. “Our goal has always been to touch a million feet,” she says. 15. How did Sia feel when she saw children walking barefoot? A. Nervous. B. Curious. C. Puzzled. D. Shocked. 16. What was the biggest challenge Sia met in developing Sole Warriors? A. Lack of volunteer enthusiasm. B. Finding a company to repair shoes for free. C. Collecting enough donated footwear. D. Balancing her schoolwork and charity work 17. Which of the following words can best describe Sia? A. Determined and caring. B. Honest and modest. C. Generous and strict. D. Gifted and ambitious. 18. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Sole Warriors, Bright Future B. A Journey of a Thousand Miles C. Walking in someone else’s shoes D. Barefoot Children’s Big Dream C Making predictions blocks the brain’s ability to remember the present moment, new research suggests. The hippocampus, a brain structure usually associated with remembering events, also uses experiences to make forecasts (neuroscientists call this “statistical learning”). But scientists writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA have now demonstrated that the latter (后者) function can interrupt the former. Researchers showed participants a series of photographs on a screen without telling them some image categories always followed others: mountains always came immediately after beaches, for example. The subjects were intended to subconsciously (潜意识地) learn these associations and begin to expect these pairings. Later, the participants were shown the same photos again, mixed in with new examples, and were asked if they had spotted any of them before. They accurately recalled seeing random images at a much better rate than the “predictive” ones (like the beach pictures). The scientists repeated this process while scanning participants’ brains with functional MRI. Each image category caused a specific neural activity pattern, and the patterns for “predicable” categories were seen in the hippocampus when the correlating predictive category was displayed. Moreover, the effect’s strength in fMRI correlated inversely with participants’ memory task scores. “The more evidence for prediction we saw, the worse their memory was for those predictive items,” such as a particular beach scene, says study lead author and Yale University cognitive neuroscientist Brynn Sherman. This suggests that predictive images activated the hippocampus to shift gears toward prediction — and away from encoding a new memory. The study is among the first to demonstrate how making predictions affects human memory. Scientists previously suspected that the hippocampus had a role in statistical learning but had not known how it interacts with memory formation. “This paper is a really nice demonstration of the trade-off where the hippocampus is doing both these things,” says University of Virginia cognitive neuroscientist Nicole Long, who was not involved in the research. The team says this trade-off occurs because remembering and predicting both use some of the same biological pathways. In the paper, the authors compare it with “using one’s right foot to operate both the brake and gas pedals in a car ... but not both at the same time.” This setup could prevent unnecessary memory storage and thus conserve brainpower, Sherman says: a successful prediction would contain the same information as an actual outcome. 19. What does the research focus on? A. The function of the hippocampus in remembering events. B. The impact of making predictions on human memory C. The development of statistical learning in the brain. D. The relationship between repetition and memory encoding 20 What does the underlined word “inversely” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Oppositely. B. Indirectly. C. Randomly. D. Occasionally. 21. In Paragraph 5, the comparison is used to ________. A. clarify difficulties in brain memory B. explain the brain’s multiple functions C. highlight the importance of the hippocampus D. show hippocampus’s switching role 22. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Secrets of the Hippocampus B. Prediction: A Memory Problem C. The Science of Statistical Learning D. The Brain’s Memory and Prediction Functions D Amid rolling farms and green pasture 150 miles northwest of Sao Paulo, Brazil, two tropical forests bloom as one. The first consists of a single species, row after row of non-native eucalyptuses (桉树), planted in perfect lines like carrots. The other is haphazard, a mixture of dozens of varieties of native saplings. There’s no denying it: This forest looks ridiculous. Yet these 2.5-acre stands of native trees, ringed by fast-growing exotics (外来植物), are among many promising efforts to bring back the planet’s forests. The eucalyptuses, says Pedro Brancalion, the University of Sao Paulo agronomist who designed this experiment, get big so quickly they can be cut after five years and used to make paper. That covers nearly half or more of the cost of planting the slow-growing native trees, which then naturally reseed ground that has been laid bare by the harvest. And this process doesn’t hamper natural regeneration. You needn’t look far these days to find organizations trying to save the world by growing trees. Yet too many planting campaigns, forest experts say, still get too much wrong. Too often, they are so focused on getting credit for each seedling plant that they ignore what matters most: What kind of woodland is created? At what cost? And most importantly: How long will it last? Using the number of trees planted as a magic “proxy for everything,” Brancalion says, you “spend more money and get lower levels of success.” Tree planting seems like a simple, natural way to counter the crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. Trees provide wildlife habitats and absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. No wonder trees are praised as the ideal weapon. However, simply reforesting the planet isn’t going to do much if we don’t also start cutting down on our emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas. Tree planting also can’t replace old-growth forests. So what should we do? To Brancalion, the answer is obvious: Restore native forests, mostly in the tropics, where trees grow fast and land is cheap. That may require planting. But it also may call for clearing exotic grasses, fixing soils, or improving crop yields for farmers so that less land is needed for agriculture and more can be allowed to go back to forests. With resources limited and no time to spare, Brancalion says, jump-starting natural processes can help. In many cases, if we let nature do the heavy lifting, he says, “the forest can regrow quite effectively.” 23. What does the author intend to do by describing the two forests near Sao Paulo? A. Introduce a topic. B. Justify a comparison. C. Give a suggestion. D. Highlight an argument. 24. What does the word “hamper” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Get in the way of. B. Take care of. C. Keep up with. D. Do away with. 25. What can you infer from the passage? A. Restoring native trees can be fast and cheap. B. Fast-growing trees boost species diversity C. We can practically miss the forest for the trees. D. Planting trees works wonders for the climate crisis. 26. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Plant more trees-and solve climate problems B. Plant more trees-but defend the climate C. Plant more trees-and time will heal D. Plant more trees-but let nature take its course 三、阅读回答问题 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When I was a youngster, my mother would say, “Go outside and play.” And I would, with all the other kids in the neighborhood. We learned a lot about nature and ourselves playing outside. For one thing, we quickly learned to recognize poison ivy. A few years ago I was fortunate to be asked to join the advisory committee of Children and Nature Network (C&NN). This is a growing organization created by author Richard Louv. His book Last Child in the Woods, became a best-seller as people realized we have a generation of children so connected to electronics that they are losing their connection to nature. As Louv writes, “We are fast approaching a generation of children where no child will have played outdoors.” Nature is more than plants and animals we observe each day. Nature is a shared spirit of being with all things. Through nature we learn that everything is cyclical, that life begins and life passes, and that every life is in balance with all other life forms, and each one helps the other fulfill its essential purpose. My neighbors embody the actions and nature philosophy that Louv suggests in his book. They plant, they play, and they teach their children that nature has her purpose. They live out the philosophy that we are part of nature, and when we abuse (滥用) her, we abuse ourselves. Spending time outdoors both in loneliness and at play is an important education for children. The outdoors encourages an inner connection to nature, and if you stay there for a little while in silence, you will see all the natural connections. You will connect to the chlorophyll (叶绿素) of plants, the flight of insects and birds, the awareness of mammals (哺乳动物), and especially the knowing of the earth herself. In Shakespeare’s As You Like It, the Duke in the Forest of Arden says: “... there are tongues in trees, books in running brooks, sermons (诉说) in stones, and good in everything.” 27. How did the author learn about nature and herself when she was young? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 28. What problem does Richard Louv point out in his book? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 29. How do you understand the underlined sentence “when we abuse her, we abuse ourselves” in Paragraph 4? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 30. What benefits can we get from spending time outdoors? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 31 What can you learn from the Duke’s words in Shakespeare’s book? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 四、任务型阅读 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，在表格相应横线上用词语正确形式填空，每空一词。 My story into the great unknown As a new migrant (移民) to Australia, the first thing that I wanted to do was to explore its wide open spaces and natural beauty. One day, I overheard a colleague talking about a cycling trail called The Munda Biddi that runs through the bush (丛林). I researched online. The trail was still new, and mobile phone coverage along the route was poor. My map reading skills would be put to the test. However, I was fit and enthusiastic. I decided to give it a try. Early in the morning, I set off. It didn’t take long before I realised just how hot it was. I drank water continually and the first thing I did when I arrived at the first stop was to check the rain water tank. I was relieved to find that it had water and I refilled my bottles. Surprisingly, I saw very few recent entries there. By midday, I followed the trail to my second stop at Nglang Boodja Hut. After a while, the trail markers became difficult to find. Without a GPS, I was becoming concerned about getting lost. Even worse, I hadn’t met any other cyclists along the route. As evening drew near, I realised that I was quite lost. I stopped and tried to make sense of the maps. The original plan was to stay overnight at a tourist park near Logue Brook Dam, where I would try and contact my wife, but I had no idea where I was. Wearily, I got up, remounted my bike and started to double back in the hope of finding any trail markers. After moving slowly for about one hour, I was delighted to see cycle tracks that looked recent. Encouraged, I cycled on, keeping a sharp eye on the tracks. However, I soon realised that they were my own! I was covering the same ground. Discouraged, I stopped and lay my bike. I had no more water, and my tongue felt swollen. It’s getting dark. A sudden warm gust of wind stirred me. I widened my eyes and heard the distant sound of a motor, but the sound disappeared. A while later I heard it again, closer. I forced myself up and walked to where the sound was coming. As I topped the hill, I saw Logue Brook Dam, with boats towing water skiers and people relaxing under trees. I returned to my bike, pushed it up the hill, and freewheeled it straight into the beautiful cool waters of the dam. Title My story into the great unknown Setting The story took place along the Munda Biddi cycling trail in the Australian bush. It’s a beautiful but challenging area with ____32____ mobile phone coverage and no GPS. Character As a new migrant to Australia, he was fit and adventurous, with a strong desire to ____33____ his new country. However, he had limited ____34____ reading skills. Development As he began cycling, the strong ____35____ made him feel thirsty. When he reached the first stop and found water, he felt relieved. ____36____ on to Nglang Boodja Hut, he became ____37____ as the trail markers were hard to see. Things get ____38____ when he realised he’s lost and had no water left, making him feel down and anxious. Climax But then he heard a motor, ____39____ gave him hope and strength. He forced himself up and followed the sound. Ending Finally, he unexpectedly found Logue Brook Dam and let go of his bike into the water ____40____. Theme Nature may present unexpected challenges. Solo wilderness adventures need a good ____41____ more than curiosity. 五、书面表达 (25分) 42. 假设你是某中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友Chris即将进入高中，他来信询问有效的学习方法。请你给他回一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 分享你的学习方法； 2. 说明理由。 注意：1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chrism ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$