Unit1 课堂笔记-2025-2026学年人教版（2024）英语八年级上册

UNIT1 Happy Holiday Section A 1. take... lessons=take a/an ...lesson上..课;学习...课程 take music lessons 上音乐课 2.camp(1)n.度假营;营地a summer camp 夏令营 a winter camp 冬令营 (2)v.露营;宿营go camping 去露营 3.ancient adj古代的;古老的 ancient building 古建筑 4.vacation n.假期;度假 go on vacation =go on holiday 去度假 on vacation 在度假 take/have a vacation 休假 the summer/winter vacation 暑/寒假 你的假期怎么样? How was your vacation? 你去哪里度假了? Where did you go on holiday ? 5.hike(1)v.远足;徒步旅行go hiking 远足;徒步旅行 (2)n.远足;徒步旅行go on a hike 去徒步旅行 6.enjoy vt.喜爱;欣赏;享受...的乐趣 enjoy sth 喜欢某事物 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 enjoy oneself = have fun=have a good time玩得开心;过得愉快 7. take sb's breath away令人惊叹;让人叹绝 8. breath n.呼吸的空气;一口气 take a deep breath深呼吸;深吸一口气 catch one's breath 喘口气 hold one's breath 屏住呼吸 be out of breath 喘不过气来 a breath of fresh air新鲜空气;透气 breathe v.呼吸breathe deeply =take a deep breath深呼吸 9. taste(1)系动词有...味道taste Like 尝起来像 (2) v、尝;品尝(3)n.味道;滋味 10. especially adv.尤其;特别especial adj.特别的;特殊的 11.relax(1)vi.放松;休息=have a rest (2)Vt.使放松 relax oneself 放松自己 relaxed adj.放松的;自在的常说明人的感受 relaxing adj令人放松的常说明事物具有的特征 12.辨析:anywhere /somewhere anywhere :副词/不定代词在任何地方;随便哪个地方常用于否定 Somewhere:(1)不定代词某处;某个地方常用于肯定句 (2)副词在某处;到某处 13try(1)v.试;试用try doing sth 试着做某事 (2)v试图;努力try to do sth 尽力做某事 (3)n.尝试;试图;努力have a try 试一试 14.spend vt.(1)度过spend... with sb 与某人度过... (2)花费(时间/金钱) sb. spend (s) time/money on sth某人在某物/某事上花费时间金 sb.spend(s) time/money doing sth某人花费时间/金钱做某事 15、辨析: scenery/landscape / sight scenery:不可数名词着重指一个地区天然的风景或景色,不涉及人工的 或特定的景点. landscape:常用单数着重指陆上,特别是乡村的风景或景色.也可以指经过人工改造后的景色,还可用于指艺术作品中描绘的风景. sight:用复数形式着重指城镇或城市里常被游客游览的名胜或风景。 16. experience(1)可数名词(一次)经历,体验 (2)不可数名词经验 (3)vt.经历 17 get sb sth = get sth for sb 给某人买某物 buy sb sth=buy sth for sb 给某人买某物 18. ready to do sth 马上要做某事;愿意做某事 19.ready(1)adj.准备好的;现成的 be/get ready for...为...做好准备 be/ get ready to do sth 准备好做某事 (2)adv.已做完;已完成 ready cooked meals 现成的饭菜 20.choose v.选择;挑选 choose to do sth 选择做某事 choose...from... 从...中选择…- choose...as... 选..当作.. choice n选择 make a choice 做出选择 a wise choice 一个明智的选择 21.by oneself=on one's own 独立地,独自 22. nothing but 只有;只是 23.but(1)连词除...之外;只有 △but前有实义动词do,does或did时,but后若接动词不定式通常省略to;but前无实义动词do,does或did时,but后若接动词不定式应带to. 例:He had nothing to do but listen to music. He wanted nothing but to stay at home. (2)介词除...之外;除了 例:Everyone was here but him . (3)连词但是表示转折 24. comfortable adj使人舒服的;舒适的 comfortably adv.舒服地 uncomfortable adj不舒服的 25.辨析:bored/boring bored:厌倦的;烦闷的表示心理感受,多说明人. boring:令人厌倦的表示某事/某物给人的感觉,多修饰或说明事物. 26. decide to do sth 决定做某事 decide not to do sth 决定不做某事 27.辨析:hear sb do sth/ hear sb doing sth hear sb do sth :听见某人做某事强调听见该动作发生的全过程或经常发生. hear sb doing sth:听见某人正在做某事强调听见动作正在进行. 28.how引导的感叹句: How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! 例:How beautiful the flowers are ! what引导的感叹句: (1) what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(十主语+谓语)! (2)What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! 例:what an interesting book it is ! what lovely children they are ! 29.get up (1)站起;起身 (2)起床 Section B 1.square (1)n.广场;正方形Red Square 红场 (2)adj正方形的;平方的 2.辨析:excited /exciting excited:激动的;兴奋的常用来说明人的感受. be excited about对...感到兴奋 be excited to do sth做某事很兴奋 exciting:令人激动的;令人兴奋的常用来说明事物本身所具有的特征. 3.victory n.胜利;成功 可指战争、比赛、竞赛等的胜利. win /score a victory 获得胜利;a great. victory 重大胜利 4. Russian(1)adj俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人的 (2)n.俄罗斯人;俄语 Russian.俄罗斯 5.fight(1)n战斗;搏斗;斗争常与介词against/with连用 (2)v.打架;打仗 fight against 与...作斗争/对抗 fight with sb 与某人打架/战斗 fight for 为...而打架/战斗 6. against介词(1)反对;与..相反;逆着 play against 与...对抗;同(某人)比赛 against the wind 逆风 (2)紧靠;倚;碰;撞 against the wall 靠在墙上 hit against a tree 撞到树上 7. 辨析:through /over /across/ past through :从内部穿过 over:从上方越过 across:从表面横过,从一边到另一边 past:从旁边经过 8.guide(1)n导游;向导 (2)n指南;手册travel guide 旅游指南 9.thousands of 数以千计的;成千上万的 10. fall down 掉落;跌落;摔倒;倒塌 fall into 落入 fall over 跌倒 fall behind 落后,跟不上 fall asleep 入睡 fall in love with 爱上 11.remind vt.提醒;使想起 remind sb + that从句 提醒某人 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 remind sb of sth/sh 使某人想起某物/某人 12.peace n.(1)和平;太平keep the peace 维持和平 (2)安静;宁静 in peace 静静地;和平地 peaceful adj.和平的;安静的 13.forget v.忘记;遗忘 forget to do sth 忘记去做某事(事情未做) forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(事情已做) forget about 忘记;忘掉 forgetful adj.健忘的;好忘的 forgettable adj.(因平淡无奇)易被忘记的,容易遗忘的 unforgettable adj.难以忘怀的 14.noon n.正午;中午 at noon 在中午 in the morning在早晨/上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 at night 在夜里 15.feel like(1)想要feel like do sth想要做某事 (2)感觉像;给...的感觉;感受到 16.sick adj.(1)恶心的;想吐的 (2)生病的;有病的be sick =be ill生病 17.take out取出;带出去take...out of... 把.从...取/带出 相关:take part in 参加 take a message 捎个口信 take a shower洗淋浴 take care of 照顾 18. get together 聚会;相聚 get-together n.聚会;联欢会 19. So...that... 如此...以至于- so为副词,后面接形容词或副词,that为连,引导结果状语从句. (1)如果that从句为肯定句,可用"形容词/副词+enough +to do sth”替换成简单句。 例:He is so strong that he can lift the stone . He is strong enough to lift the stone. (2) 如果that从句为否定句,可以用“too+形容词/副词+to do sth”或"not+形容词/副诃+enough +to do sth "替换成简单句. 例:The boy is so young that he can't go to school.=The boy is too young to go to school. The boy isn't old enough to go to school such ... that....如此...以至于... Such 修饰名词。 (1) such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that从句 (2)such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 注意:如果名词前有many,much,few或little修饰,要用so...that.,不能用such...that.... 例:There are so many beautiful skirts that she can't decide which one to choose. 20. in the sun 在阳光下 out of the sun 在阴凉处;避开阳光 under the sun 在世界上;天底下;世上 21. might情态动词 (1)可能表示推测,语气比may更弱,可能性更小. (2)可以用于请求许可,比ma的语气更加委婉,客气. 22. budget(1)n预算 set a budget 制订预算 within budget 在预算内 over budget 超出预算 (2)v.把...编入预算;精打细算 budget... for sth 为某物编制...(预算) 23.faraway adj.远方的;遥远的 far away 遥远 24. make使役动词使,让 make sb/sth do sth 使某人/某物做某事 make sb/sth+形容词 使某人/某物.. make sb/sth+名词 使某人/某物成为... 25.rest(1)v.休息;放松 (2)n.休息 have/take a rest =have/take a break休息一下 (3)n.剩余部分,剩余的人或事the rest of ... 剩下的... 26. regular adj.平常的;有规律的 regularly adv.有规律地;经常地;定期地 irregular adj.无规律的;不正常的 27. countryside n.乡村;农村 in the countryside =in the country在农村 28.seem系动词好像;似乎;看来 seem (tobe)+名词/形容词好像.. seem to do sth好像/似乎做某事 It seems /seemed that ...好像/似乎. It seems as if ...看起来像/仿佛 29. turn around 转身;翻转 turn on 打开 turn off 关上 turn up 开大;调高 turn down 关小;调低 30.surprised adj惊奇的;惊讶的 ▲主语一般是人 be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊讶 be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 surprising adj.令人惊讶的;出人意料的用于描述事物具有令人惊讶的特质. 31.Look for寻找强调寻找的动作和过程 find v.找到;发现强调结果 32.辨析:hope/wish hope :①hope to do sth 希望做某事 ②"hope+that从句"表示可以实现的"希望". ③无hope sb to do sth 这一表达 wish:①wish to do sth希望做某事 ②"wish+ that 从句"表示某种强烈而又难以实现的"愿望". ③ wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事 33. go to the mountains 去山区 go to a summer camp 去夏令营 go back 返回 34. stay with sb 和某人待在一起 stay in+地点 待在某地 stay at home 待在家里 35. lots of =a lot of 许多 36.where did sb go on holiday ? 某人去哪里度假了? 语法小结 一、复合不定代词 some, any , every , no 加上 one, body,thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词.如:someone, somebody , something , anyone, anybody, anything .. 复合不定代词的用法: 1.复合不定代词在句中可以做主语、宾语或表语,但不能作定语. 例:Someone is outside the door. 2.复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时,形容词和动词不定式应置于其后. 例:I have something important to tell you. 3.复合不定代词表示单数概念,作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式. 例:Everything begins to grow in spring. 4. 含有some的复合不定代词的用法: (1)用于肯定句 (2)用于表示请求、建议等的疑问句或问话者希望得到肯定回答时例:Would you like something to drink. 5.含有any的复合不定代词的用法: (1)用于否定句或疑问句,代替含有some的复合不定代词; (2)用于条件句; (3)用于肯定句,意为"任何人/事".例:I can do anything for you. 二.一般过去时 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态. 1. 含be动词的一般过去时的各种句式的构成 (1)肯定句:主语+was/were+其他. (2)否定句:主语+wasn't/weren't+其他. (3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答:No,主语+wasn't/weren't. (4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were(+主语)+其他? 2.含实义动词的一般过去时的各种句式的构成 (1)肯定句:主语+动词过去式(+其他). (2)否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形(+其他). (3)一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形(+其他)? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn't. (4)特殊疑问句:①疑问词+did+主语+动词原形(+其他)? ②疑问词+动词过去式+其他? 3.一般过去时的时间状语 常和一般过去时连用的时间状语有:yesterday,the day before yesterday, last...,... ago, just now, once upon a time 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$