2025年中考英语语法之介词的基本用法

介词 考向1地点/方位介词 1. in，on 与 to 介词 意义及用法 例句 in 表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内 Guangzhou lies in the south of China.广州位于中国的南部。 on 在……上面 Look at the food on the table!看桌子上的食物! 表示两地接壤 Guangxi lies on the west of Guangdong.广西位于广东的西部。 to 表示两地隔海相望 Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。 2. between 与 among 介词 意义及用法 例句 Between “介于两者之间”,可以和and搭配, between...and...表示“在…和……之间” Between this building and the dining hall is the classroom building with twenty-four classrooms.在这座大楼和餐厅之间是有着24个教室的教学楼。 among “在三者或三者以上之间”后跟名词复数、代词或集合名词 It is a time for a special dinner among family and friends.这是一个家人与朋友之间特别的晚餐时间。 3. across, through,与over 介词 意义及用法 例句 across “过；横过;穿过",指从表面走过或从一边到另一边 Walk across the street过马路 through “穿过；通过(洞、管道等);从……的一端到另一端"、指从物体的内部通过 go through the gate穿过大门 pass through the forest穿过森林 over “(表示方向)越过”，指从物体表面之上或空间之上通过、越过 jump over the fence跳过栅栏 4. 其他常见地点方位介词 介词 意义及用法 例句 above "在……上方",表示两者不接触,不一定垂直 We could only see the mountain tops above the clouds.我们只能看到云层之上的山顶。 below “在……的下方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直 Today is cold, and the temperature is below zero.今天根冷，气温低于零度。 under “在……正下方”,表示两者不接触 Do not stand near street lights or under power lines.不要站在路灯附近或电线下。 behind 在……后面 The sun rose behind me and shone on the rocks。太阳从我身后升起,照在岩石上。 beside 在……旁边 After about a mile.a stranger appeared beside the path. 大约一英里后,一个陌生人出现在小路旁边。 near 在……附近 The library is on the left of the playground near the school gate.图书馆在学校大门附近的操场左边。 next to 紧靠…… 紧挨着…… The bookshop is next to the bus stop.书店在公共汽车站的旁边。 考向2 时间介词 1. on，in与at 介词 意义及用法 例句 on 后接具体某日或某日的上午、午、晚上 on Monday/weekdays在星期一/工作日; on Saturday morning在周六早上; on September 1st在九月一号; on National Day在国庆节 in 后接较长的一段 时间(如世纪、年 代、月份等) in the 21st century在21世纪; in 2019在2019 年; in summer 在夏季; in December在十二月 后接泛指的上下午、傍晚和白天等 in the morning/afternoon/evening/day在上午/下午/傍晚/白天 in +时间段，表示“……之后”，用于将来时 See you in a couple of weeks!几周后见! at 后接具体时间点 at half past ten在十点半; at noon 在正午; at night在晚上 2. after与before 介词 意义及用法 例句 after 与过去时连介用、表示“在……之后”， 后接时间段 He finished his homework after half an hour.半小时之后，他完成了作业。 与将来时连用,表示“在……之后”，后接时间点 He will come back after two o'clock.他将在两点 后回来。 before 表示“在……之前” We always buy a lot of food before the festival.我们总是在节日前买很多食物。 3. for与 since 介词 意义及用法 例句 for 表示动作的延续，后接时间段，常用于现在完成时或一般过去时 I'm going to stay in Hong Kong for four weeks.我将在香港待四周。 since 自……以后,自……以来,常用于现在完成时，后接过去的时间点或“一段时间+ago” We've celebrated Independence Day since 1777.从1771年起, 我们就庆祝独立日了。 4. 其他常见时间介词 介词 意义及用法 例句 during “during+时间段”表示“在……期间”， 与延续性动词连用 I'm going to enjoy myself during the May Day holiday.我将在五一假期期间玩得愉快。 until 直到……时，到……为止 The computer doesn't start until nine o'clock.九点了电脑才启动。 from 自从，说明开始的时间 We go to school every weekday from 8:45 am to 3:15pm.我们每个工作日去学校从上午8:45到下午3:15 。 by By+时间点，表示“到……为止” I will finish the work by Friday.最晚星期五，我会完成这项工作。 past 晚于，在……之后 It was past midnight when we got home.我们到家时已经是午夜之后了。 考向3 方式介词 介词 意义及用法 例句 by “凭借某种工具或手段”，后接名词或动名词，名词前不用冠词 They can ask their teachers questions by Internet,telephone or email.他们可以通过网络、电话或 者电子邮件问老师问题。 后接表示交通工具的名词单数形式,且名词前不加修饰词 He rides his bike to school and he travels by train when he went on holiday.他骑自行车上学,去度假时乘火车旅 行。 with “用，以，借助于”，其后常接具体的工具 I eat with chopsticks instead of a fork.我用筷子吃饭,而不是叉子。 in 表示使用某种语言，前面不加冠词 People in foreign countries often talk to others in English.外国人通常用英语和他人交谈。 on 用于开放型和半开放型的交通工具前,且该名词前有限定词,有时用于固定词组中 He goes to school on a bus, not on foot.他乘公共汽车去上学,而不是步行。 “以……方式”，用于手段、通讯方式等 They are talking on the phone.他们在电话上交谈。 考向4 其他常见介词 介词 意义及用法 例句 with 和,与……在一起 Many people like going shopping with friends.许多人喜欢和朋友一起购物。 具有,带有 Remember to take an umbrella with you.记得带上雨伞。 without 不，没有，表示否定 She looked at me and smiled without a word. 她看着我微笑,一句话也没说。 for 为了……，对于……,表示目的、对象 I want to do something for the poor kids.我想为可怜的孩子们做些什么。 赞成;与against相反，常与系动词be连用 My family will be always for me no matter what I choose to do.无论我选择做什么,我的家人都会一直支持我。 against 反对，违背;其反义词为for In Australia, you mustn't drive on the right. It's against the law.在澳大利亚,禁止靠右行驶。这是违法的。 对抗，和……竞争 I am in our school team and we are going to play against another school next week.我是校队的一员,下周我们将和另一所学校比赛。 紧靠,倚,碰，撞 The man stood against the wall, as if waiting for someone，这位男士靠墙站着,似乎在等人。 except 除……之外;其后的宾语排除在整体之外 Nobody was late, except me.除了我,没有人迟到。 like 像……一样 He is very like his father.他很像他的父亲。 as 作为;像,如同 As a student, we should learn to be careful and patient. 作为一名学生，我们应该学着认真且有耐心。 about 关于，对于 I'd like to buy a guidebook about Beijing.我想买一本关于北京的旅游指南。 along 沿着，顺着 As you go along the river, the London Eye is on your right.当你沿着这条河走的时候,伦敦眼在你的右边。 from 来自……，从…… Have there been visitors to the earth from other planets? 有没有其他行星的游客来过地球? 练习 1.It is going to rain. Take an umbrella you. A.with B.at C.in D. from 2. In the picture, he sits me, looking very happy. A. beside B. among C. up D. through 3.You can buy almost everything the Internet, and it's very easy. A. into B. for C.at D.on 4. Cambridge is a small city the east of England. A. between B. with C.in D. under 5.The workers will build a new railroad the two cities. A. since B. between C. as D.during 6.We can clearly see Shanghai lies the south of China in the map. A. to B.in C.at D.on 7.-Your sweater looks nice. Is it made of wool? -Yes, and it's made Tianjin. A. by B.in C.for D.from 8. Our teacher tells us that it's dangerous to stand the trees when it is raining. A. against B. behind C.under D. along 9. -Would you like to go to a movie with me tomorrow? -Yes, I'd love to. Let's meet 5:00 pm. A.at B. for C. until D. through 10. Don't stay at home such a sunny morning. Let's go out to enjoy the fresh air and the sweet flowers. A. on B. in C. from D. at 11. The Dragon Boat Festival falls May or June every year. A.in B. on C. at D. between 12. Travelling train is a good choice, because we can enjoy the beautiful scenery out of the window. A.with B.on C.in D. by 13. I often go to the library my classmates after class to read some interesting books. A. to B. at C.with D. from 14. Let's put the piano over there , the wall. A. above B. against C. across D. around 15. My home is n my school. And it's only a five-minute walk. 16.B we eat, we should wash our hands first,That's good for our health. 17. If you have some questions a math, you can ask Lingling for help. 18.A all the subjects, I like chemistry best. 答案： 1. A 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10. A 11. A 12. D 13.C 14. B 15. near 16.Before 17. about 18. Among 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$