高中英语语法知识点总结-特殊句式-倒装 清单-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

倒装 正常的陈述语序：主语＋谓语＋（宾语） 倒装：完全倒装：谓语＋主语 部分倒装：助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他 （do/did/does/will/shall/should） 一、全部倒装 1.在There be结构中 seem, stand, lie, exist, live, sit There seems to be no one in the room. Once upon a time, there lived a monk on the hill. (山上住着一个和尚) There lies a chemical works (工厂) by the river. There sits a boy under the tree. 2. 在一Here, There, Now, Then副词开头的句子， 句子主语为名词，多用一般现在时和一般过去时。 注意：主语为代词时不倒装 Here is a letter for you. There comes a bus. Now comes my turn. Then followed three days of heavy rain, Here he comes. Here it is. Here you are. 3. 直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，引述动词和主语（名词）全部倒装（也可以不倒装）。句子主语为名词，是代词时不倒装。 “You are right.” said the teacher. “What Mary said is wrong.” he said. 4. 把in, down, away, up, back, over, off 等构成的不及物动词短语放句首，句子全部倒装。 句子主语必须为名词，是代词时不倒装。 The door opened and in came the teacher, Out rushed the boy. Away went John. Away he went. Away it flied. 5. Such be 主语：……就是这样，be形式取决于后面的主语 Such was the story he told me. Such were the words he said. Such is Albert. Such is my father. 6. Gone are the days when…………的日子过去了 Gone are the days when the Chinese had to use the foreign oil. Gone are the days when I was young. 7. Long live ＋主语： ……万岁 Long live the People’s Republic of China. Long live Chairman Mao. 8. 进行时态的现在分词 系表结构的过去分词 连同地点状语放句首，句子全部倒装 主语必须为名词，是代词不倒装 A boy was lying on the ground. 变为倒装：Lying on the ground was a boy. My father was seated on the chair. 变为倒装：Seated on the chair was my father. 9. 地点状语+be/sit/lie/stand/live……+ 主语：主语为名词，全部倒装 On the wall are some pictures. In front of the house sits a little boy. On the top of the hill stands a temple. Under the tree lie two dogs. 二、部分倒装 1. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他） 一般疑问句 你喜欢音乐吗？ Do you like music? 你喜欢什么？ What do you like? 什么在盒子里？ What’s in the box? 2. 在if虚拟条件句中，可把if从句的were、had、should提前放句首，省略if If I were in your place, I would not give it up so early. 变：Were I in your place, I would not give it up so early. If I had known, I might have joined you in the discussion. 变：Had I known, I might have joined you in the discussion. If you should be interested in the book, you could borrow it. 变：Should you be interested in the book, you could borrow it. 3. So ＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语：……也这样（表示与前者情况相同） ① Neither/Nor ＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语：……也不这样（表示与前者情况相同） The boy died. So did his sister.（他姐也死了） He can swim. So can I（我也会） He never comes late. Neither do I.（我也来） He’s not a doctor. Neither do I.（我也不哭） ② So＋主语＋助动词/be动词/情态动词：……确实如此（表示同意对方的说法）。 -It’s so cold today. -So it is. （的确冷） -Mary sings very well. -So she does.（确实好） -She has seen the film. -So she has and so have I. （我也看过） ③ So it is with…=It is the same with… A.前面句子主语有人有物 这个句式适用于以下三种形式 B. 前面句子有肯有否 C.前面句子谓语动词的类型不同。 A. He’s in class 8 and his class is on the second floor. (约翰也这样) B. He sings well but he doesn’t dance well.（我也这样） C. Mary isn’t well today and she hasn’t finished her work. 4. 否定副词或短语放句首，部分倒装 ①否定副词/短语： never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, little, nowhere, not by no means, in no way, in no time, on no condition under/in circumstance, in no case I have never seen her before. 转：Never have I seen her before. She will give in to him by no means. 转：By no means will she give in to him. I hardly thought the story was true. 转：Hardly did I think the story was true. They seldom go out together. 转：Seldom do they go out together. She little cares about what he father said. 转：Little does she care about what her father said. ②Not only …(句子半倒装)…but also..(不倒装)… 这个男孩不但聪明，而且他每天努力学习。 Not only does the boy clever, but also he studies hard every day. 我不但喜欢音乐，而且擅长音乐。 Not only do I like music, but also I am good at music. 我们的祖国不但广大，而且很美丽。 Not only is our country large, but also it is beautiful. ③ Not until 名词（短语） ＋ 部分倒装 从句（不倒装） It is/was not until …(不倒装)…that(不倒装) Not until midnight did the rain stop. （雨才停） Not until 10 minutes later did he come back. （他才回来） Not until my mother came back did I go to bed.（直到我妈妈回来，我才上床睡觉） 用强调句式： It was not until my mother came back that I went go to bed. ④ Neither …半倒装…nor…. Neither does he like studying not does he like playing. 他既不是老师也不是医生。 Neither is he a teacher, not is he a doctor. Neither do I like music, nor am I good at music. ⑤ Hardly/Scarely…半倒装…when（不倒装）did No sooner ..半倒装…that ＋(半倒装)did Hardly had they got to the factory when they started to work. 我一到家就开始下雨。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 他一道北京就给妈妈打了电话。 Hardly had he arrived in Beijing when he called my mother. 5. So ＋ adj./adv.＋半倒装＋that（不倒装） So busy is he that he has no time to go on holiday. 他跑的如此快以至于我跟不上他。 So fast did he run that I couldn’t catch up with him. 注释：fast 速度 quick 动作 soon时间 6. 频度状语放句首 句子部分倒装 that 放句首 often, always, once, many a time, many times, now and again, every other day, every two days… Often had I wanted to speak of it. Always does she ask me for money. Many a time has he helped me with my experiment. Thus was the Emperor cheated. Thus did he run away. 7. only ＋ 状语 adv. 介词短语 ＋半倒装 句子（不倒装） only ＋主语：不倒装 Only then did he realize he was wrong. （他意识到自己错了） Only in this way can you work out the problem. （他能算出这道题） Only when the war was over did he return to his country. （他才回到他的祖国） 只有昨天我才知道玛丽病了。 Only yesterday did I know Mary was ill. 只有在我们国家儿童才被很好的照顾。 Only in our country are the children taken good care of 只有在这个公园里才能见到这种花。 Only in this park can you see this kind of flowers 只有当河流被污染了他们才知道保护环境的重要性。 Only the river was polluted did they know the importance of protecting the environment. 只有玛丽愿意嫁给约翰。 Only Mary is will to marry John. 8. as, though 引导让步状语从句，句子部分倒装 as： 必须部分倒装 though：可以部分倒装也可以不倒装 although：不倒装 ① adj. n. ＋ as ＋ 主语 ＋ be 主句 Strong as he is, he can’t carry the heavy box. Girl as she was, she was very brave. 虽然他们很累，他们继续公国。 Tired as they were, they went on working. 虽然他是个孩子，他会讲两门外语。 Child as he is, he can speak two foreign language. ② adv. ＋ as ＋ 主语 ＋ V., 主句 Hard as he studied, he failed to pass the exam. Much as I like it, I will not buy it. 虽然他跑的快，但他也追不上玛丽。 Fast as he run, he couldn’t catch up with Mary. ③动词原形＋as＋主语＋情态动词（may, might, will, would），主句 Try as he might, Tom couldn’t get out of trouble. Try as he may, he will not succeed. 9. May sb. ＋ 动词原形 Wish sb. ＋ n. 祝愿；祝福 May you have a good journey. Wish you a good journey. May you succeed. Wish you success. 祝你新年快乐。 May you have a happy new year. Wish you a happy new year. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$