Unit 1 Period Ⅱ Learning About Language-【精彩三年】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册课程探究与巩固Word教参（人教版2019）

Period Ⅱ　Learning About Language(见学生用书P14) To accomplish great things we must not only act, but also dream; not only plan, but also believe.要完成伟大的事情，我们不仅要行动，而且要有梦想；不仅要有计划，而且要有信念。 [Build up your vocabulary] 1．__wear_and_tear__(正常使用造成的)磨损；损耗 2．__conclusion__ n. 结论；推论 3．penicillin n. __青霉素；盘尼西林__ 4．__flee__ vi.& vt. (fled, fled) 迅速离开；逃跑 5．__circumstance__ n. [usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 6．__novel__ n. (长篇)小说→__novelist__n. 小说家 7．__flow__ n. 流；流动；流畅；供应vi. 流；流动 8．__chart__ n. 图表vt. 记录；制订计划 9．__flow_chart__ 流程图 1．There is nothing we can do to help Linda. Her circumstances are beyond our control.我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。(教材P5) circumstance n．[usually pl.] 条件；环境；状况 in/under the circumstances在这种情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装) in/under any circumstance(s) 在任何情况下 if circumstances permit如果情况允许 【语境助记】 Under no circumstances will I give up the objective of founding a company. As a consequence，if circumstances permit，I will take immediate action to realise my dream. 我绝不放弃创办一家公司的目标。因此，如果条件允许的话，我将立即采取行动去实现我的梦想。 【活学活用】 (1)Apparently, we can't deal with the problem until we know all the__circumstances__． 显然，我们只有在了解全部情况后才能处理这个问题。 (2)__If_circumstances_permit__， I will go on talking about the crucial problem, which is difficult to cope with.如果情况允许，我将继续讨论这个难以处理的关键问题。 (3)In conclusion，__in/under__no circumstances shall we give up our belief that we can make this world a better place to live in. 总之，我们决不能放弃我们可以使这个世界成为一个更美好的居住地的信念。 【写作佳句】 Although he now lives in very comfortable circumstances, he never forgets his humble origins. 虽然他现在生活在非常舒适的环境中，但他从未忘记自己卑微的出身。 2．I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.我被要求在流程图的帮助下解释这个项目。(教材P5) flow (1)n. (the movement of sth in one direction)流；流动；流畅；供应 flow chart 流程图 (2)vi.[(of liquids, gases or electricity) to move in one direction, especially continuously and easily]流动；流 flow through　　流经 flow into 不断流入……，涌进…… flow from 从……流出；由……引起，来自…… flow out (of) (从……)流出 【活学活用】 (1)There is a steady flow of traffic.车辆川流不息。 (2)The river __flows_through__ three counties before__flowing_into__ the sea just south of here. 这条河在汇入此处正南方的大海之前流经了三个县。 (3)With fewer cars on the road, traffic is __flowing__ more smoothly than usual. 路上的车更少了，交通比平时更通畅了。 (4)根据语境选出flow的词性及含义 A．n.不断供应　　　B．vi.(液体) 流动 C．vi.(大量人或物)流动 ①As we know，the government encourages the flow of goods and services to remote areas. __A__ ②It's here that the river flows down into the ocean. __B__ ③Large numbers of refugees continue to flow from the troubled region into the district.__C__ 【写作佳句】 I felt a lump in my throat as the sorrows went through my mind; my tears gathered and flowed down my face. 悲伤涌上心头，我感到喉咙哽咽。我的眼泪聚集在一起，顺着我的脸流下来。 [Discover useful structures] ——非限制性定语从句 读下列教材原句并感知黑体部分的共性。 1．This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co­winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. 2．Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. 3．Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. 4．This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. 5．I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart, which was a big challenge for me. 我的发现： (1)以上句子中均包含__非限制性__定语从句，从句与主句之间用__逗号__隔开。 (2)非限制性定语从句可以置于主句中(如句__2__和句__4__)，前后用__逗号__隔开，也可以置于主句之后(如句__1__、句__3__和句__5__)。 (3)非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词(如句__1、2、3、4__)，也可以指前面的整个句子(如句5)。 探究点1　非限制性定语从句的特点 1．非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作补充说明；如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。 2．非限制性定语从句的先行词既可以是指人或指物的某一名词或代词，也可以是短语甚至是整个句子。在翻译成中文时，常可译成主句的一个并列句。 Festivals are occasions that allow us to relax and enjoy life, and forget about our work for a little while. (限制性定语从句， 先行词是occasions) 节日是让我们放松和享受生活，并暂时忘记我们的工作的时刻。 Those who are willing to take risks are more likely to take action. (限制性定语从句， 先行词是those) 那些愿意冒险的人更有可能采取行动。 Here is the man, who has been punished by the boss. (非限制性定语从句， 先行词是the man) 这就是那个人，他被老板惩罚了。 The project, which lasted three years, cost no less than 1 billion dollars. (非限制性定语从句， 先行词是the project) 这个工程历时3年，耗资多达10亿美元。 探究点2　非限制性定语从句的注意事项 1．引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who、whom或whose；指物时用which或whose。 Mr Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father's. 张先生昨天来看我，他是我父亲的一位老朋友。(指人，且作主语) She had seven children, three of whom lived to grow up. 她生了7个孩子，其中3个长大成人。(指人，且作介词的宾语) Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses. 水是一种清澈的液体，它有许多用途。(指物，且作主语) The play，whose style is rigidly formal，is typical of the period. 这出戏剧是那个时期的典型作品，风格拘谨刻板。(指物，且作定语) 2．引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when和where。当先行词指时间且在从句中作时间状语时，关系副词用when；当先行词指地点且在从句中作地点状语时，关系副词用where。 He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free. 他将把野餐推迟到 5 月 1 日，那时他将有空。(修饰时间，且作时间状语) She is going to live in Beijing, where she has some close friends. 她将住在北京，在那里她有几个好朋友。(修饰地点，且作地点状语) (1)that和why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 (2)非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用 why 引导，而用 for which引导。 I have told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.我已经告诉了他们，我没有参加会议的原因。 (3)引导非限制性定语从句，若关系代词所指代的是整个主句的内容，则关系代词用as或which。as引导非限制性定语从句时，通常用在表示肯定意义的从句中，而不能用在表示否定意义的从句中；which则不受此限制。 3．(1)as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别。 as所引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，既可置于主句前面或后面，也可插入主句中间；而which所引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较固定，通常位于句末。 类别 as which 指代 引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容 引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容， 又可指代主句的一部分 位置 可位于主句前、中或后 引导的从句不能位于主句前 意义 正如 这， 那 As we all know, smoking is harmful to our health.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。(as 指代主句内容，位于句首) The singer, as was expected, achieved great success.正如所预料的那样，这位歌手取得了巨大的成功。(as 指代主句内容，位于句中，前后用逗号隔开) She is always careless，which led to so many mistakes in the exam.她总是粗心，这导致考试中有很多错误。(which 指代主句内容，位于句末) (2)as引导的非限制性定语从句常被看作固定结构。 as is as we as has been 4．“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。 在“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句中， 关系代词用whom指人， 用which指物，而whose既可修饰人也可修饰物。 Jack was a famous doctor, with the help of whom they succeeded in the operation. 杰克是一位名医，在他的帮助下他们成功做了手术。 Tom was badly hurt in the accident, as a result of which he didn't go to school. 汤姆在事故中受了重伤，因此他没去上学。 I want to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far. 我想感谢史密斯教授， 没有他的帮助， 我永远不会取得如此的成就。 5．“名词/代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句。 I have many friends, some of whom are experts. 我有许多朋友，其中有些是专家。(先行词指代人) There are 30 chairs in the hall，most of which are new.大厅里有30把椅子，绝大部分是新的。(先行词指代物) Light is the fastest thing in the world，the speed of which is about 300，000 kilometres per second. 光是世界上最快的东西，它的速度是每秒约 30 万千米。(先行词指代物) 探究点3　限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 类别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 功能 修饰限制(只可修饰先行词) 补充说明(可修饰先行词或主句) 意义 去掉后，主句句意不完整 去掉后，主句句意仍完整 形式 不用逗号与主句隔开 用逗号与主句隔开 关 系 词 作宾语时可省略 作宾语时不可省略 可用 that 不用 that 可用 why 不用 why，用 for which 翻译 先译定语从句，后译先 行词，常译作“……的” 可译为主句的并列句 【巧学助记】 定语从句好分辨， 没有逗号即为“限”，逗号一出定“非限”； 关系引导所用词，随着“先行”巧妙变； “非限”that和why靠边站； “非限”引导全不省(全部不可省略)； “as”殊词记心间， the same/such．..as．..连； “正如、正像”意恒念，固定搭配多锻炼。 关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择： 关键是判断句子结构： 非限制性定语从句→选关系代词 并列句→选人称代词或指示代词 I met Professor Xu, who told me the result of the election.(非限制性定语从句) ＝I met Professor Xu, and he told me the result of the election.(并列句) 我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。 This is my smartphone, which was bought yesterday. (非限制性定语从句)＝This is my smartphone and it was bought yesterday.(并列句) 这是我昨天买的智能手机。 He came late again and this made his boss very angry.(并列句)＝He came late again, which made his boss very angry.(非限制性定语从句) 他又迟到了，这让他的老板很生气。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(1)He has three sons, none of __whom__ is an architect. (2)He has three sons, but none of__them__(they) is an architect. 2．In the past few years, more than half of the bookstores in China have closed down，__which__ is the result of the fierce competition among bookstores. 3．Last week, we visited the Three Gorges Dam, __which__ is the greatest key water­control project in the world at present. 4．The video, __whose__ length is just 7 seconds，has been viewed more than 19 million times in just two days. 5．His interest started a few years ago, __when__ he was in college and studying wildlife science. 6．The number of smokers, __as__ is reported, has dramatically dropped by 20 percent in just one year because of the new policy. 7．__As__ is often the case, students tend to be more enthusiastic about classes in which they can participate and interact. 8．The land is known for a historic site with beautifully coloured walls, on __which__ the events of the past are painted. 9．Much of his youth was spent in Beijing, __where__ he developed an interest in Peking Opera. 10．Living in the central Australia desert has its problems，__of__ which getting water is not the least. 11. Once when we were in the bay, the sea was rough, for __which__ James was carried away by waves. 12. These include the third mass extinction, known as the “Great Dying”， __which__ killed 90% to 96% of all species. 13. Nearly 60 percent of the participants were impressed by China's “economic development” and “progress in science and technology” in recent years, most of __whom__ were academics and professionals. 14．My physics teacher is my role model, __whose__ influence on me has made what I am today. 15. The Amazon River, __from__ which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6，400 kilometres in length. Ⅱ.非限制性定语从句与写作 1．这一次，我们想在6月10日晚上6点到8点的节目中对您进行一次关于“如何学好英语”的采访。(schedule) This time, we'd like to conduct an interview with you about “How to learn English well” on this programme，__which_is_scheduled_to_be__ from 6：00 p.m. to 8：00 p．m. on June 10th. 2．我是李华，负责学校广播站的英语节目“Talk and Talk”。(in charge of) I'm Li Hua，__who_is_in_charge_of__ the English programme “Talk and Talk” in the school broadcasting station. 3．据说我们班要开一个班会，主题与中国传统习俗有关。(relate) It is said that our class is going to hold a class meeting, __whose_topic_is_related_to_traditional_Chinese__customs__． 4．汽车把狼远远地甩在了后面，这让他松了一口气。(with relief) The car had left the wolf far behind，__which_made_him_sigh_with_relief__． 5．她被抬到楼下，然后被紧急送往医院，在那里她终于恢复了知觉。(come to oneself) She was carried downstairs and then rushed to the hospital，__where_she_finally_came_to_herself__． 6．我的父母一直在我选择的职业上鼓励我，这给了我很大的信心。(confidence) My parents have always encouraged me in my choice of career, __which_gives_me_a_lot_of_confidence__． Ⅲ.用适当的关系词完成下面短文 On 30 November 2021, Josephine Baker became the first black woman to receive France's highest honour: to be entered the Pantheon, 1．__which__ is a monument(纪念馆)in Paris where the remains of France's heroes lie. Born in the US, Baker was a performer and civil rights activist 2．__whose__ childhood in the US was marked by violence against black people. In the 1920s, she moved to France, 3．__where__ she became one of the country's most popular performers for her dance shows. The Second World War began in 1939, 4．__when__ Baker was a French citizen.During the war she worked with the Resistance, 5．__which__was a secret group that fought against the Nazi Germany.“Parisians gave me everything，” she said. “I am prepared to give them my life.” Baker also worked for the French Air Force, for 6．__which__ she was given several rare military awards. 温馨说明：课后请完成高效作业2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$