Unit 1 Period Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【精彩三年】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册课程探究与巩固Word教参（人教版2019）

Unit 1　People of Achievement (见学生用书P1) However bad life may seem, there is always something you can do and succeed at. Where there is life, there is hope. —The Theory of Everything 无论生活多么糟糕，总有一些事情你可以做并取得成功。留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 ——《万物理论》 I'm proud to have served with each and every one of you.You deserve①long and happy lives in peace. —Band of Brothers 我很骄傲能与你们每个人共同服役，你们理应享受永远快乐的和平生活。 ——《兄弟连》 Our destiny②offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity. So let us seize it, not in fear, but in gladness. —The Memoirs of Richard Nixon 命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。因此，让我们毫无畏惧、满心愉悦地把握命运。 ——《尼克松回忆录》 An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind. —Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 以眼还眼只会让整个世界变得盲目。 ——莫罕达斯·卡拉姆昌德·甘地 Character is like a tree and reputation③ like its shadow. The shadow is what we think of it; the tree is the real thing. —Abraham Lincoln 品格如同树木，名声如同树荫，我们常常考虑的是树荫，但却不知树木才是根本。 ——亚伯拉罕·林肯 [日积月累] ①deserve /dɪ'zɜːv/vt.应受，应得 ②destiny /'destəni/n.命运 ③reputation /ˌrepju'teɪʃn/n.名誉；名声 Period Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking(见学生用书P2) Science is an all­embracing cause requiring all kinds of abilities. 科学是包罗万象的事业，它需要各方面的才能。 Ⅰ.单词认读关(先填后记诵) 1．physiology n. __生理学；生理机能__ 2．artemisinin n. __[药]青蒿素__ 3．__crucial__ adj. 至关重要的；关键性的 4．malaria n. __疟疾__ 5．__vital__ adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 6．committed adj. __尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的__→__commit__vt. 承诺；保证vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→commitment n. 承诺，保证；忠诚；投入 7．academy n. __(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校__→__academic__ adj. 学业的；学术的 8．__objective__ n. 目标；目的adj. 客观的→ object n．实物，物体 9．__botanical__ adj. 植物学的→botany n．植物学 10．__evaluate__ vt. 评价；评估→evaluation n. 评价；评估 11．__property__ n. 性质；特征；财产 12．__distinct__ adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→__distinction__ n. 区别；荣誉 13．extract n. 提取物；摘录 vt. 提取；提炼；摘录；(用力)拔出 14．wormwood n. __蒿；洋艾__ 15．__boil__ vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n. 沸腾；沸点→boiling adj. 沸腾的；炽热的 →__boiled__ adj. 水煮的 16．__liquid__ n. 液体adj. 液体的；液态的 17．__obtain__ vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 18．__acknowledge__ vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→__acknowledged__ adj. 公认的；被普遍认可的→acknowledgement n．承认；确认；感谢 19．__defeat__ n. 失败；挫败vt. 击败；战胜 20．__analyse__ vt. 分析→__analysis__ n. 分析→analytical adj.分析的；头脑周密的 21．__apparently__ adv. 显而易见；看来；显然→ apparent adj.清晰可见的；显而易见的 22．__substance__ n. 物质；物品；事实根据 23．__insist__ vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求→__insistence__ n. 坚持；坚决要求→insistent adj. 坚持的；坚决要求的 24．__scientific__ adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的→science n. 科学；自然科学；理科 25．__mostly__ adv. 主要地；一般地 Ⅱ.语块记诵关(先填后记诵) 1．(sth) be __awarded__ to sb 把某物奖励给某人 2．__lead_to__ 导致；促成 3．sb/sth be thought to do．.. 某人/某物被认为做…… 4．__graduate_from__ 毕业于 5．__commit_oneself_to_(sth/doing_sth/do_sth)__ 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) 6．__form__ a team组建一个团队 7．show __promise__ in．.. 在……方面显示出希望/潜能 8．get __stuck__ 被卡住，被困住，陷入困境 9． acknowledge __defeat__ 承认失败 10．__insist__ on坚决要求 11． __test__ ．..on．.. 在……上检测…… 12． make sure __确保__ 13． a team effort __团队的努力__ 14． traditional Chinese medicine __中医__ 15． other than __除……以外__ Ⅲ.佳句赏析关(先赏后译) 1．Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. [赏析] sb/sth be thought to do．.. 某人/某物被认为做…… [翻译]__青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，_据说仅在非洲它一年就能挽救_10_万人的生命。__ 2．In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. [赏析] 句中chosen是过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词，相当于一个定语从句who were chosen。 [翻译]__在1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。__ 3．They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. [赏析] 句中 and 连接前后两个并列的动名词短语 boiling fresh wormwood 和using the liquid 作tried的宾语，obtained from this 是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 liquid。 [翻译]__然后，他们试着煮新鲜的青蒿，并使用从中获取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。__ 4．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine.” [赏析] “介词 upon＋动词­ing 形式”构成介词短语，在句中作时间状语。 [翻译]__当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不只属于我。”__ 5．It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. [赏析] It is indeed an honour for．.. to do sth. 做某事对……来说真是一种荣幸。 [翻译]__中国的科学研究和中医药能在全世界传播确实是一种荣幸。__ Ⅳ.课文理解关 词汇助读 ①artemisinin n. [药]青蒿素 ②crucial adj. 至关重要的； 关键性的 ③malaria n. 疟疾 ④die from死于…… ⑤vital adj. 必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 ⑥committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 ·commit vt. 承诺；保证vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) ⑦graduate from 毕业于 ⑧academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校 ⑨objective n. 目标；目的 adj. 客观的 ⑩botanical adj. 植物学的 ⑪evaluate vt. 评价；评估 ⑫property n． 性质；特征；财产 ⑬distinct adj. 清晰的；清楚的；有区别的 ⑭extract n. 提取物；摘录 ⑮wormwood n. 蒿；洋艾 ⑯boil vt.& vi. (使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n. 沸腾；沸点 ⑰liquid n. 液体adj. 液体的；液态的 ⑱obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 ⑲get stuck被卡住，被困住，陷入困境 ⑳acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 ㉑defeat n. 失败；挫败 vt.击败；战胜 ㉒analyse vt. 分析 ㉓by chance偶然地 ㉔apparently adv. 显而易见；看来；显然 ㉕substance n. 物质；物品；事实根据 ㉖work vi.起作用，有效 ㉗insist on坚决要求 ·insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 ㉘make sure 确保 ㉙according to 据……所示，按……所说 ㉚a team effort 团队的努力 ㉛traditional Chinese medicine 中医 ㉜scientific adj. 科学(上)的；关于科学的 原文 TU YOUYOU AWARDED NOBEL PRIZE 6 October 2015 This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou (co­winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin①， a crucial② new treatment for malaria③. Artemisinin has saved hundreds of thousands of lives, and has led to improved health for millions of people. Over 200 million people around the world get malaria each year, and about 600，000 die from④ it. Artemisinin has become a vital⑤ part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone. Tu Youyou, a committed⑥ and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from⑦ Peking University Medical School in 1955. After she graduated, she worked at the China Academy⑧of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective⑨ of discovering a new treatment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen. In the beginning, Tu Youyou went to Hainan, where malaria was more common, to study malaria patients. In 1969, she became the head of the project in Beijing, and decided to review ancient Chinese medical texts to find traditional botanical⑩treatments for the disease. Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated⑪ 280，000 plants for their medical properties⑫. From their research, they discovered and tested 380 distinct⑬ ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. One medical text from the fourth century suggested using the extract⑭from sweet wormwood⑮ to treat a fever. Tu's team tested a collection of dried wormwood leaves but found no effect. They then tried boiling⑯ fresh wormwood, and using the liquid⑰ obtained⑱ from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either. Their project got stuck⑲ . However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge⑳ defeat㉑. She analysed㉒ the medical texts again, and by chance㉓， she found one sentence suggesting a different way to treat the wormwood. She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently㉔ destroyed its medical properties. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance㉕ that worked㉖. After failing more than 190 times, the team finally succeeded in 1971. Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on㉗ testing the medicine on themselves to make sure㉘ that it was safe. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of whom recovered. This medicine，which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria. According to㉙ Tu Youyou, the discovery of artemisinin was a team effort㉚. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great value of traditional Chinese medicine㉛. It is indeed an honour for China's scientific㉜ research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world.” 译文 屠呦呦获诺贝尔奖 2015年10月6日 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现，一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。青蒿素已经挽救了数十万人的生命，并改善了数百万人的健康状况。全世界每年有2亿多人感染疟疾，约60万人死于疟疾。青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分，据说仅在非洲它一年就能挽救10万人的生命。 屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，于1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。毕业后，她在北京的中国中医研究院工作。在1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。在1969年，她成为北京项目的负责人，并决定查阅中国古代医药文献，寻找这种疾病的传统植物疗法。 她的团队查阅了2 000多本古老的医药文献，并对280 000种植物的药用性能进行了评估。他们从研究中发现并测试了380种不同的中国古代疗法，这些疗法为抗击疟疾带来了希望。 一本四世纪的医药文献推荐使用青蒿提取物来治疗发烧。屠呦呦的团队测试了一批干青蒿，但没有发现效果。然后，他们试着煮新鲜的青蒿，并使用从中获取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。他们的项目陷入了困境。然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。她再次分析了医药文献，偶然间，她发现了一句话，推荐用另一种方法来处理青蒿。她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药性。她用较低的温度提取提取物，发现了一种有效的物质。在失败了190多次之后，这个团队终于在1971年成功了。屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大部分疟疾患者都康复了。这种被称为青蒿素的药物很快成为治疗疟疾的标准药物。 据屠呦呦所说，青蒿素的发现是一个团队努力的结果。当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不只属于我。在我身后有一个团队，还有我的国家的全体人民。这一成功证明了中医的巨大价值。中国的科学研究和中医药能在全世界传播确实是一种荣幸。” Step 1　Pre­reading Predict what the text is probably about by referring to the picture and the title. One possible version： __Tu_Youyou_was_awarded_the_Nobel_Prize_and_how_she_and_her_team_found_artemisinin.__ Step 2　While­reading Task 1: Fast reading Match the main idea with each part. Para.1　　　A．Tu Youyou's personal information and the research. Paras.2－3　B．The award and the significance of the discovery. Para.4　　　C．The discovery was a team effort. Para.1—B　Paras.2－3—A　Para.4—C Task 2: Intensive reading Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks according to the text. Tu Youyou's award Tu Youyou was awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine owing to the significant (1)__discovery__ of artemisinin. Tu Youyou's personal information •Born in Ningbo，China, on 30 December 1930 •Graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955 •Worked at the China (2)__Academy__of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing after (3)__graduation__ •Went to Hainan to study malaria patients •Became the head of the project in Beijing in 1969 •Discovered and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed (4)__promise__ in the fight against malaria The discovery •Tested many (5)__dried__ wormwood leaves but found no effect •Tried boiling (6)__fresh__wormwood to obtain the liquid but still had no luck •Analysed the medical texts again, used a (7)__lower__ temperature to draw out the extract and found a substance that worked •Succeeded in 1971 after (8)__failing__ more than 190 times and even tested the medicine on themselves Tu Youyou's words The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country. This success proves the great (9)__value__ of traditional Chinese medicine. It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be (10)__spread__around the world. Step 3　Post­reading—Critical Thinking Task 1: Answer the question Why is Tu Youyou considered a great person? One possible version： __Because_she_is_committed,_patient_and_persistent.After_failing_more_than_190_times，she_and_her_team_finally_succeeded_in_discovering_artemisinin，which_has_become_a_vital_part_of_the_treatment_for_malaria_and_saved_so_many_lives.__ Task 2：赏语言 1．文章开篇介绍了新闻的主体大意，首句含有whose引导的定语从句。 2．第二段用形容词，如committed、 patient等，介绍了屠呦呦的秉性特点。最后一段引用屠呦呦的原话，介绍了这一成果背后的故事，也展现了她谦逊、不计名利的高尚品德。 Task 3：析结构 Task 4: 理文化 屠呦呦，女，1930年12月30日出生于浙江宁波，药学家，中国中医科学院终身研究员兼首席研究员，青蒿素研究开发中心主任，共和国勋章获得者。她50岁(1980年)成为硕士生导师，71岁(2001年)成为博士生导师。她多年从事中药和西药结合研究，突出贡献是创制新型抗疟药——青蒿素和双氢青蒿素。如今，青蒿素成为世界卫生组织推荐的一线抗疟药，挽救了全球数百万人的生命！ 屠呦呦、居里夫人、爱因斯坦和图灵入围英国广播公司(BBC)评选的“20世纪最伟大科学家”！英国广播公司的短片讲述屠呦呦发现青蒿素的传奇故事。英国广播公司对屠呦呦的评价：若用拯救多少人的生命来衡量伟大程度，那么毫无疑问，屠呦呦是历史上最伟大的科学家！ Step 4　Summary Writing 根据课文内容，完成概要填空。 Tu Youyou (1)__was_awarded__(award) the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.(要点1)After graduation, she devoted herself to (2)__discovering__(discover) a new treatment for malaria. She and her team reviewed ancient Chinese medical (3)__texts__(text) to find traditional botanical treatments for the disease.(要点2) Despite failing many times, they didn't acknowledge defeat. (要点3)They succeeded in finding a substance (4)__which/that__ can treat malaria by using a lower temperature (5)__to_draw__(draw) out the extract. This medicine, which was called artemisinin, soon became a standard treatment for malaria.(要点4) Part 1　核心词汇解读 1．This year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co­winner), whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, a crucial new treatment for malaria. 今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者)，她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现，一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。(教材P2) award vt. (to officially give sb sth such as a prize or money to reward them for sth they have done)奖励；给予，授予n.奖；奖金；奖品 (1)award sb sth　授予某人某物 award sth to sb　奖励某物给某人；把某物颁发给某人 sb be awarded sth(＝sth be awarded to sb)某人被授予某物 (2)win/receive/get an award for sth因某事赢得/得到/获得奖/奖金/奖品 【活学活用】 (1)The institute's annual award is awarded to organisations that dedicate themselves to democracy and human rights. 该协会的年度奖授予致力于民主与人权的组织。 (2)句型转换 The university awarded her a scholarship last year for her excellent performance. →①The university __awarded__ a scholarship __to__ her last year for her excellent performance. →②A scholarship __was_awarded__ to her last year for her excellent performance. 由于她出色的表现，大学去年给她颁发了奖学金。 (3)单句语法填空 ①It is the first time that Tom __has_been_awarded__ (award) first prize in the English speaking competition. ②At the International Ballet Competition, Fernando Bujones won the first gold medal ever __awarded__(award) to an American male dancer. ③The airline received __an__ environmental award for work related to carbon emission reduction. 【写作佳句】 Awarded the title of the Excellent Graduate, he is an enthusiastic and progressive young man with great potentiality. 曾荣获“优秀毕业生”称号，他是一位热情向上和极具发展潜力的青年。 crucial adj.(extremely important because it will affect other things)至关重要的；关键性的 (1)be crucial to/for．..　对……至关重要的 be of crucial importance　是至关重要的 play a crucial role/part in．..　在……中起着至关重要的作用 (2)It is crucial to do sth. 做某事是至关重要的。 It is crucial that．..　……是至关重要的。(that从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即should do, should可以省略) (3)crucially adv.至关重要地；关键性地 【活学活用】 (1)In general，students' inner motivation with high expectations from others __is_crucial_to/for__ their progress. 总的来说，学生的内在动力和他人对他们的高期望对他们的发展至关重要。 (2)If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, __it_is_crucial_that__ those new plants should be environmentally friendly. 如果我们想要保护大气层，那么那些新工厂要对环境无害是至关重要的。 (3)单句语法填空 ①Her work has been crucial __to/for__ the project's success. ②__Crucially__(crucial), almost 50 per cent of participants felt they were more productive at work. ③It is crucial that we __(should)_take__ (take) responsible control of our impact on the environment. 【写作佳句】 Talent, hard work and strength of will are all crucial to career success. 天赋、勤奋和决心都是事业成功的关键。 2．Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria．.. 青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分……(教材P2) vital adj.(necessary or essential in order for sth to succeed or exist)必不可少的；(extremely important)极其重要的；(full of energy)充满生机的 (1)be vital to/for(doing)．..　对(做)……极其重要的；是……必不可少的 be of vital importance　是极其重要的 play a vital role/part in．.. 在……中起着极其重要的作用 (2)It is vital to do sth. 做某事是极其重要的。 It is vital that．..　……是极其重要的。(that从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即should do, should可以省略) (3)vitality n．活力；生机；生命力 【活学活用】 (1)He has never felt so vital and full of life. 他从来没有感到如此精神焕发，充满活力。 (2)The kidney__plays_a_vital_role/part_in__ the removal of waste products from the blood. 肾脏对于排除血液中的废物起着至关重要的作用。 (3)It is vital__to_send__(send) medical supplies to the area as soon as possible. 尽快把医疗用品送往该地区是至关重要的。 (4)单句语法填空 ①Understanding history is vital to __understanding__ (understand) ourselves as a people and as a nation. ②What's more, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians(行人) do not think it vital __to_obey__ (obey) traffic rules. ③Besides, it's vital that you __(should)_mind__ (mind) your table manners in China when you attend a dinner party. 【写作佳句】 (1)As the concept of environmental protection draws increasing concern，water conservation, which is vital for the survival of humans as well as other species, has attracted growing public attention. 随着环境保护的概念越来越受到关注，对人类和其他物种的生存至关重要的水资源保护已经引起了公众越来越多的关注。 (2)Your participation surely injects vitality into our club. 你们的参与一定会给我们的俱乐部注入活力。 3．Tu Youyou, a committed and patient scientist, was born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955. 屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，于1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。(教材P2) committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的 (1)a committed member of the team忠于职守的队员 be committed to (doing) sth致力于(做)某事 (2)commit vt.承诺；保证；做(坏事)；犯(罪)；投入(钱、时间、人力等)vi. 忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等) commit oneself to (sth/doing sth/do sth) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等) commit murder/a crime/suicide/an error犯谋杀罪/犯罪/自杀/犯错误 (3)commitment n．承诺；奉献；投入，忠诚 make a commitment to do sth承诺做某事 【语境助记】 He committed every minute to studying and teaching，so his commitment finally paid off. 他把每一分钟都投入到学习和教学中，所以他的投入最终得到了回报。 【活学活用】 (1)Once we have committed ourselves to this course of action, there is no going back. 一旦我们承诺采取这个行动，就没有回头路。 (2)He was sent to prison for crime that he didn't __commit__. 他蒙冤入狱。 (3)Be totally __committed_to__what you do, as excellence is possible only with __commitment__． 完全致力于你所做的事，因为只有投入才可能达到卓越。 (4)Tu Youyou is committed to doing medical research and is thought highly of by Chinese people. ＝__Committing__herself to__doing__medical research, Tu Youyou is thought highly of by Chinese people. 屠呦呦致力于医学研究，受到中国人民的高度评价。 (5)单句语法填空 ①He was a good man who was __committed__ (commit) to his family as well as to his work. ②Both sides committed __themselves__(them) to settling the dispute peacefully. ③ I'd like to thank the staff for having shown such __commitment__(commit). ④I strongly suggest that you __(should)_commit__(commit) one hour to__reading__(read) English, which will gradually improve your spoken English. 【写作佳句】 Most importantly，full commitment and enough attention can help sharpen your thinking ability and get yourself actively involved. 最重要的是，充分的投入和足够的关注可以帮助你提高思维能力，让你自己积极参与进去。 4．In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria．..在1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍…… (教材P2) objective n. (sth that you plan to do or achieve)目的，目标 adj.(based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings)客观的 (1)with the objective of．..　带着……的目标 set/achieve/meet an objective　制定/实现/达到目标 (2)objective assessment　客观的评估 (3)object v. 反对，不同意；不赞成 object to．..　反对…… object to (sb) doing sth　不同意(某人)做某事 (4)objection n. 反对；异议 raise/have an objection to (doing) sth　对(做)……提出异议/对(做)……表示反对 【活学活用】 (1)Our main objective was the recovery of the child. 我们的主要目标是这个孩子的康复。 (2)It is anticipated that this article is able to be presented in an __objective__ manner. 预计这篇文章能够以客观的方式呈现出来。 (3)Many parents object to __sending__(send) their children to study abroad because they don't want to separate with their children. 许多父母反对送孩子出国留学，因为他们不想和孩子分开。 (4)单句语法填空 ①I have a strong objection to __getting__(get) up early. ②Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyse your short­ and long­term__objectives__ (object), keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. ③He stood up angrily and __objected__(object) in strong language when they stated their view. ④Try to view situations more __objectively__(objective), especially with regard to(关于) work. 【写作佳句】 These stories are written with the objective of being interesting and informative but they are also intended to help you with your studies. 这些故事都是带着有趣味性和知识性的目的而写的，但它们也旨在帮助你的学习。 5．Her team examined over 2，000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280，000 plants for their medical properties.她的团队查阅了2 000多本古老的医药文献，并对280 000种植物的药用性能进行了评估。(教材P2) evaluate vt. (to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount or value of sth)评估；评价 (1)evaluate sb on/by sth 根据……评价某人 evaluate one's ability/work评价某人的能力/工作 evaluate sth's/sb's effectiveness/impact/performance评价某物/某人的有效性/影响/表现 (2)evaluation n．评估；评价 make/carry out an evaluation of．..对……进行评估/评价 【活学活用】 (1)At present, there exist some problems in the evaluation of teachers. Schools should perfect the means of evaluation. 当前对教师的评价存在一些问题，学校应完善评价方法。 (2)We shall need to __evaluate__ how the new material stands up to wear and tear. 我们需要对新材料的耐磨损度作出评价。 (3)单句语法填空 ①Employees will be evaluated __on/by__ their performance, attendance, and team skills. ②It's impossible __to_evaluate__(evaluate) these results without knowing more about the research methods employed. ③It is widely acknowledged that students should __be_evaluated__ (evaluate) in terms of overall quality. ④Employees who receive a very favourable __evaluation__(evaluate) may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion. 【写作佳句】 The tests can't truly mirror students' academic abilities and personal qualities. Consequently, schools should employ diverse criteria to evaluate students. 考试不能真正反映学生的学术能力和个人素质。因此，学校应该采用不同的标准来评价学生。 6．They then tried boiling fresh wormwood, and using the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria, but this did not work either.然后，他们试着煮新鲜的青蒿，并使用从中获取的液体来治疗疟疾，但这也不起作用。(教材P2) boil　vt.& vi. (to reach, or cause sth to reach the temperature at which a liquid starts to turn into a gas)(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n. (the state of boiling)沸腾；沸点 (1)boiling water　　 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 已经煮沸了的水 boiling hot 滚烫的；酷热的 (2)boil up 　 (局面或情绪)发展到危险程度 (3)go off the boil 不如从前；失去兴趣 【活学活用】 (1)They were really excited about the project, but now they seem to have gone off the boil.当初他们对这个项目非常感兴趣，可现在似乎已经失去兴趣了。 (2)The kettle's boiling—shall I turn it off? 水壶里的水开了——我把火关了好吗？ (3)Bring three cups of water to __boil__， add mix, simmer for three minutes, remove from heat, and let it stand for five minutes. 将三杯水煮沸，加入混合物，煨三分钟，从灶上取下来，再让它静置五分钟。 (4)单句语法填空 ①The soup was __boiling__(boil) hot and burned my tongue. ②I stood in the kitchen, waiting for the water __to_boil__(boil). ③We should drink more __boiled__(boil) water every day. 【写作佳句】 He felt the anger boiling up inside him. 他感到怒火中烧。 obtain vt.(to get sth, especially by making an effort) (尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(to continue to be accepted or in use)(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 obtain one's degree 获得某人的学位 obtain advice/information/permission 获得建议/信息/许可 obtain sth from sb/sth 从某人/某物那里获得某物 【活学活用】 (1)The custom still obtains in some districts. 该习俗仍在一些地区流行。 (2)If you don't stick to what you are doing，under no circumstances will you __obtain__ what you desire. 如果你不坚持你正在做的事情，无论如何你都不会得到你想要的。 (3)单句语法填空 ①I finally managed __to_obtain__(obtain)a copy of the report. ②Conditions of extreme poverty now __obtain__(obtain) in many parts of the country. ③Evidence __obtained__ (obtain) from observation and experiments is often used to confirm a scientific theory. 【写作佳句】 I do hope to obtain this precious opportunity. Should you offer me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. 我非常希望能得到这个宝贵的机会。如果您能给我一次面试的机会，我将非常感激。 7．However, Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.然而，屠呦呦并不承认失败。(教材P2) acknowledge vt. (to accept, admit or recognise sth, or the truth or existence of sth)承认(属实、权威等)；认可(to publicly express thanks for help you have been given)(公开)感谢 (1)acknowledge．..to be/as．..承认……是/为…… acknowledge that．.. 承认…… It is generally/universally acknowledged that．.. 普遍认为…… (2)acknowledgement n．承认；感谢 【活学活用】 (1)Historians generally acknowledge her __as/to_be__ a genius in the field. 历史学家们公认她是该领域的一个天才。 (2)He is widely acknowledged as one of the best medical scientists in China. →__It_is_widely_acknowledged__ that he is one of the best medical scientists in China.(it作形式主语) 他被公认为是中国最好的医学科学家之一。 (3)First of all, he told me, I couldn't write what other people had said without__acknowledging__(acknowledge) them.他告诉我，首先，我不能不先感谢别人就把他们说的话写下来。 (4)写出下列各句中acknowledge的中文意思 ①She acknowledged that she had been at fault.__承认__ ②In times of trouble, I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.__感谢__ ③The new mayor is acknowledged as one of the country's most talented politicians.__认可__ 【写作佳句】 It is universally acknowledged that vocabulary is crucial to English learning. 普遍认为词汇对英语学习至关重要。 defeat　n．(the act of defeating or state of being defeated)失败；挫败 vt. (to win a victory over sb in a fight, war or competition)击败；战胜 (1)acknowledge/admit defeat 承认失败 suffer a defeat 遭受失败 a narrow/heavy defeat 差距很小的失败(惜败)/惨败 (2)defeat sb by．.. 以……战胜某人 【活学活用】 (1)I'm afraid anything that involves language learning has always defeated me. 恐怕凡是与语言学习沾边的事都会把我难倒。 (2)She admitted __defeat__ well before all the votes had been counted. 所有选票还没统计完毕，她就承认失败了。 (3)单句语法填空 ①I don't understand why he refused to acknowledge that he had __been_defeated__ (defeat). ②They defeated our team __by__ three goals to two. ③__Defeated__(defeat) by last year's champion, the team went home empty­handed. 【写作佳句】 Defeat left her tearful, pale and drained. 她因遭受失败而眼含泪水、面色苍白、精疲力竭。 8．She concluded that boiling the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.她得出结论，煮青蒿显然破坏了它的药性。(教材P2) conclude vt. (to decide or believe sth as a result of what you have heard or seen)推断出；得出结论 vt.&vi. (to bring sth to an end；to come to an end) (使)结束，终止 (1)to conclude 最后 (2)conclusion n. 结论；推论 come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 draw a conclusion from 从……中得出结论 in conclusion 最后 【活学活用】 (1)He concluded his speech __with__ a famous saying “Where there is a will，there is a way.” 他用一句名言“有志者，事竟成”来结束他的演讲。 (2)__In_conclusion/To_conclude__， I want to say that mutual understanding plays a key role in building a friendly relationship. 最后，我想说，相互理解对建立友好关系至关重要。 (3)单句语法填空 ①From the story I can conclude __that__ those who take positive attitudes towards work will be rewarded. ②There was complete silence in the room as the play came to its __conclusion__(conclude). ③Jack said he could conclude __from__ Jane's expression that Jane had stolen his money.But everyone knew Jack always came to a __conclusion__(conclude) without any evidence. In __conclusion__(conclude), nobody was likely to believe Jane was a thief. 【写作佳句】 I conclude/draw a conclusion from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我从自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。 apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 (1)As is apparently shown/stated in the picture/chart/passage above．..正如上面图画/图表/文中明显显示/陈述的那样…… (2)apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的 It is apparent that．..　显然…… 【活学活用】 (1)He was __apparently__(apparent) much surprised at the news. 显然他对这则消息感到十分惊讶。 (2)__As_is_apparently_shown__ in the chart above, there are about 10% of the students supporting the idea.正如上面的图表明显显示的那样，大约有10%的学生支持这一观点。 (3)单句语法填空 ①__Apparently__ (apparent)，the iPods, if used properly, are helpful to our studies, especially to our English listening. ②__It__ was apparent that he could no longer look after himself. ③Casting a look at Tom, I could tell he was also __apparently__(apparent) worn out. 【写作佳句】 It is apparent that the Internet plays an important role in our life. 显然，互联网在我们的生活中扮演着非常重要的角色。 9．Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。(教材P3) insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 (1)insist on/upon (doing) sth　坚决要求(做)某事 insist that．..(should) do sth　坚决要求/坚持认为……(应该)做某事 (2)insistence n．坚持；坚决要求 【活学活用】 (1)[新北师大必修第三册] I kept telling him that I knew the way myself, but he insisted on __taking__ (take) me there.我一直告诉他我自己认识路，但他坚持要带我去那儿。 (2)His friends insisted that they __had__ (have) no connection with the accident and that they __(should)_be_set__ (set) free. 他的朋友坚持说他们与这起事故没有关系，并坚持认为他们应该被释放。 (3)单句语法填空 ①I don't know why you insist__on/upon__talking about it. ②The teacher insisted that every minute__(should)_be_made__(make) full use of by the students. ③At her father's __insistence__(insist), Amelia has been moved into a new class. 【写作佳句】 Our English teacher insists that we should speak English in and out of class. 我们的英语老师坚决认为我们应该在课内外说英语。 Part 2　核心句型剖析 1．Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize．.. 当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时……(教材P3) 句型公式： “on/upon＋n./v­ing．..”意为“在……的时候；当……时；一……就……”，在句中作时间状语，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 句型解读： 一些表示短暂性动作的动词，如arrive, return, reach, hear, see, receive, enter, step, get, recognise, leave等，它们相应的名词形式或动名词形式用在upon或on之后可表达“一……就……”之意。 【归纳拓展】 常见的“一……就……”的表达方式还有the minute, the moment, the instant, as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly．..when ．.., no sooner．..than．..等。另外， 一些含at的介词短语，如at the sight of(一看到)，at the thought of(一想到)，at the sound of(一听到)等也可以表达“一……就……”的含义。 【活学活用】 (1)Upon __seeing__(see) her, I smiled and ran towards her. 一看到她我就笑了，并向她跑了过去。 (2)__On/Upon__ returning from Japan, Professor Li went directly to his laboratory and started working with his colleagues. 李教授一从日本回来就直接去了他的实验室，开始和他的同事们一起工作起来。 (3)The__moment/minute/instant__I came into the classroom, I saw the sentence on the blackboard. 我一走进教室就看到了黑板上的句子。 (4)He paid back the money he owed us __immediately__(immediate) he returned home. ＝__Hardly__ had he returned home __when__ he paid back the money he owed us. ＝__No_sooner__ had he returned home __than__ he paid back the money he owed us. 他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。 【写作佳句】 The instant they arrived at our school, they couldn't wait to visit our teahouse, where a lot of tea sets were on display. ＝On arriving at our school, they couldn't wait to visit our teahouse, where a lot of tea sets were on display. 他们一到我们学校，就迫不及待地参观我们的茶馆，那里陈列着许多茶具。 2．It is indeed an honour for China's scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. 中国的科学研究和中医药能在全世界传播确实是一种荣幸。(教材P3) 句型公式： “it is an honour (for sb) to do sth”表示“(对某人来说)做某事是一种荣幸/一件幸事”。 句型解读： 当句子的主语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时，为了保持句子的平衡，通常使用it作形式主语，将真正的主语放在句子的后面。常见此类句型有： ·It be＋an honour＋(for sb) to do sth./It is one's honour to do sth. ·It be＋no use/no good．..＋doing sth. ·It be＋过去分词(said, thought, believed, supposed, reported．..)＋that从句. ·It be＋形容词(strange, important, vital, obvious, possible．..)＋that从句． ·It be＋名词短语(a pity, a shame, a fact, a good idea, no wonder．..)＋that从句． ·It＋不及物动词(occur, happen, seem．..)＋that从句． 【活学活用】 (1)I sincerely hope your dream will come true and __it_will_be_my_honour_to__ show you around Beijing when that day comes. 我真诚地希望你的梦想会实现，当那一天到来时，带你参观北京将是我的荣幸。 (2)It's no use __shouting_to__ him—he can't hear. 对他大声喊是没有用的——他听不见。 (3)It's __a_pity/shame__ that he should let such a good chance slip away. 他竟然让这样一个好机会溜走了，真可惜。 (4)单句语法填空 ①It is an honour for me __to_be_invited__(invite) to your school and deliver a speech on the graduation ceremony. ②It is said __that__ a large number of paper­cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show. ③__It__ is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies. ④It is no use__talking__(talk) to him, because he never listens. 【写作佳句】 It is important that we should spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty. 我们应该花些时间简单地了解一下唐朝的历史很重要。 温馨说明：课后请完成高效作业1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$