高效作业4 Unit 1 Period Ⅳ Writing-【精彩三年】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第一册课程探究与巩固PPT课件（人教版2019）

高效作业4 [Period Ⅳ　Writing] Unit 1　People of Achievement 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅰ.阅读理解 What kind of people can become scientists? When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth­- and 10th­-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science”. But despite these generalised beliefs, many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well”． But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts. During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually”， such as making mistakes while tackling a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries without any discussion of coexisting challenges. Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance post-­intervention, relative to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower­performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-­class performance than low-­performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathise (产生共鸣) with the scientists during their own struggles. (　　　)1．Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists? A．They lack interest in science. B．They don’t possess inborn talent. C．They are short of confidence. D．They have no ability to study science. C (　　　)2．What’s the purpose of the intervention? A．To introduce some inspirational stories to students. B．To expose students to scientists’ great achievements. C．To ensure students will become scientists in the future. D．To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work. (　　　)3．The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________． A．delicate B．permanent C．doubtful D．apparent D D (　　　)4．What can we learn from the research? A．Scientific ability has nothing to do with efforts. B．Students are more motivated by achievement stories. C．Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs. D．Low­-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists. C 【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了研究人员向九年级和十年级的学生提出“什么样的人可以成为科学家”这个问题时，几乎每个学生的回答都是“努力学习的人”或“对科学领域感兴趣的人”。为了更好地激励学生学习科学，研究人员设计了一项干预，即让学生了解更多关于科学家的奋斗故事，结果发现，听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生的科学表现都有所提高。 1．C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，同样是这些学生中的许多人都很难将自己想象成科学家，理由是“我不擅长科学”和“即使我努力学习，也不会做得很好”。由此可推断出，他们在科学这一方面缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。故选C。 2．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.(哥伦比亚大学教育学院和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一种干预措施，让学生了解有成就的科学家在科学工作中如何努力和克服挑战的故事，从而改变学生们认为科学成就反映的是能力而不是努力的观念。)”可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们如何努力奋斗和克服挑战来改变学生对于“科学家工作”的误解。故选D。 3．D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-­class performance than low­-performing students who read achievement stories(对他们来说，接触奋斗故事比阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上表现更好)”可推知，干预对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，画线词pronounced意为“显著的”。故选D。 4．C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“By identifying a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathise(产生共鸣) with the scientists during their own struggles.(通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，并介绍他或她为完成伟大的工作而应用的成长心态，学生们能够在他们自己的奋斗过程中与科学家产生共鸣。)”可推知，科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的信念。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Very few people can say that they have achieved all that they are capable of. But what is it that is preventing you from fulfilling your potential (潜能)? 1．_____ They know that they have something special to contribute to and they are determined to make their marks. This does not mean that they are too proud. On the contrary, they are self­-critical and push themselves hard because they know that they can achieve more. 1 2 3 4 5 C It is easy and natural to settle into a rut (墨守成规). Why try something new when you are already doing what you are good at? 2._____ They take risks. They step out of their comfort zones. They take on difficult challenges. They push themselves to acquire new skills and to face new examinations of their abilities. 3._____ Where are you right now—inside your comfort zone or taking risks? 4．_____ Thinking and planning are great but it is action that leads to success. It is only by doing things and doing the right things that you change the world. A B E Let’s face it—your friends and family are really nice people but they are not challenging you to achieve more. Spend more time with high flyers and positive thinkers who understand ambition and achievement. Share some of your thoughts, dreams and challenges with them.5._____ F A．High achievers go further. B．This means that they run the risk of failure. C．All successful people have strong self­belief. D．They can take comfort in modest achievements. E．You waste a lot of time every day on low value activities. F．They will encourage you and give you the direct advice you need. G．It is really very hard to make progress if you have no ambition for your life. 【语篇解读】作者通过阐述成功者所具有的特质分析了阻碍我们发挥潜能的一些因素，并给出了一些建议。 1．C　设空处位于段首，为本段的主题句。根据下文“They know that they have something special to contribute to and they are determined to make their mark. This does not mean that they are too proud. On the contrary, they are self­-critical and push themselves hard because they know that they can achieve more.(他们知道他们要做出一些特别的贡献，他们决心要留下自己的印记。这并不意味着他们太骄傲。相反，他们是自我批评的，并且努力敦促自己，因为他们知道他们可以取得更多的成就。)”可知，他们知道他们能做出特别的贡献，取得更多的成就；由此可知，本段讲述的这些人非常自信；C选项“All successful people have strong self­belief.(所有成功人士都有强烈的自信。)”符合语境，起到引出下文的作用，下文中的“They”指代选项中的“All successful people”。故选C。 2．A　上文“It is easy and natural to settle into a rut (墨守成规). Why try something new when you are already doing what you are good at？(墨守成规很容易也很自然的。当你已经在做你擅长的事情时，为什么要尝试新的东西呢？)”指出墨守成规是很容易也很自然的，并提出问题：为什么已经在做擅长的事情时还要尝试新的东西？下文“They take risks. They step out of their comfort zones. They take on difficult challenges.(他们敢于冒险。他们走出了自己的舒适区。他们接受困难的挑战。)”指出这些人敢于冒险，走出舒适区，接受困难的挑战；A选项“High achievers go further.(高成就者走得更远。)”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。 3．B　根据上文“They take risks. They step out of their comfort zones. They take on difficult challenges. They push themselves to acquire new skills and to face new examinations of their abilities. (他们敢于冒险。他们走出了自己的舒适区。他们接受困难的挑战。他们强迫自己学习新技能，面对对自己能力的新考验。)”可知，B选项“This means that they run the risk of failure.(这意味着他们冒着失败的风险。)”总结上文，指出上文的做法意味着他们会有失败的风险，符合语境；选项中的代词“This”指代上文所阐述的内容，“run the risk of failure”与上下文中的“take risks”和“taking risks”相呼应。故选B。 4．E　根据下文“Thinking and planning are great but it is action that leads to success. It is only by doing things and doing the right things that you change the world.(思考和计划是很好的，但行动才能带来成功。只有通过做事和做正确的事情，你才能改变世界。)”可知，只有行动起来，做正确的事情才能成功；E选项“You waste a lot of time every day on low value activities.(你每天在低价值的活动上浪费了很多时间。)”指出你无法发挥自己的潜能的原因，符合语境。故选E。 5．F　上文“Spend more time with high flyers and positive thinkers who understand ambition and achievement. Share some of your thoughts, dreams and challenges with them. (多花点时间和那些懂得抱负与成就的雄心勃勃的人和积极的思考者在一起。与他们分享你的一些想法、梦想和挑战。)”建议要和有远大目标的人、充满正能量的人分享你的想法、梦想和挑战；F选项“They will encourage you and give you the direct advice you need.(他们会鼓励你，给你需要的直接建议。)”承接上文，阐述多和具有远大目标、积极的思考者在一起交流的益处，符合语境。故选F。 Ⅲ.完形填空 [2024·嘉兴一中检测] The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognisable and admirable awards 1 people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields. Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin(硝化甘油) in Paris. Interested in its irregular 2 of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a 3 explosive(爆炸物). After years of 4 ， in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite(达纳炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. 1 2 3 4 5 During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He 5 his wealth from his 355 inventions, among which dynamite was the most important. When Nobel’s brother Ludvig died in 1888, a French newspaper 6 published Nobel’s obituary(讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was 7 to find out his public image. Then the newspaper strongly 8 Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became 9 by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” To Nobel, this obituary was a(n) 10 . He spent his lifetime alone 11 things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will, so as to 12 his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause. In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last 13 ， saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great 14 to mankind in physics, chemistry，physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To people’s astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel 15 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes. (　　　)1．A．remembering B．honouring C．crediting D．denying (　　　)2．A．nature B．conduct C．flavour D．benefit (　　　)3．A．deadly B．bitter C．usable D．mild (　　　)4．A．innovation B．effort C．hesitation D．association B A C B (　　　)5．A．brought up B．put up C．broke up D．built up (　　　)6．A．mistakenly B．purposefully C．unintentionally D．scientifically (　　　)7．A．satisfied B．relieved C．afraid D．disappointed (　　　)8．A．praised B．blamed C．appreciated D．favoured D A D B (　　　)9．A．greedy B．important C．rich D．old (　　　)10．A．error B．warning C．threat D．consequence (　　　)11．A．destroying B．inventing C．combining D．stimulating (　　　)12．A．improve B．establish C．illustrate D．protect C B B A (　　　)13．A．request B．invention C．will D．fortune (　　　)14．A．choices B．decisions C．profits D．contributions (　　　)15．A．gave away B．gave back C．gave off D．gave out 【语篇解读】诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，但也因此受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，他将自己一生的大部分财产捐献出去成立了诺贝尔奖，用来奖励在物理、化学、生理学或医学等方面做出突出贡献的人。 C D A 1．B　句意：诺贝尔奖被认为是最有辨识度和最令人钦佩的奖项之一，表彰世界各地在不同领域取得杰出成就的人。A.remember记得；B.honour表扬，表彰；C.credit认为是……的功劳；D.deny否认。故选B。 2．A　句意：诺贝尔对其在压力或热量下爆炸的不稳定性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找一种方法来控制它，并制造一种可用的炸药。A.nature 本性；性质；B.conduct行为，举止；C.flavour味道；D.benefit利益。根据空后的“exploding under pressure or heat”可知，这是硝化甘油的性质。故选A。 3．C　句意同上。A.deadly致命的；B.bitter苦涩的；C.usable可用的；D.mild温和的。故选C。 4．B　句意：经过多年的努力，在1867年，34岁的诺贝尔发明了比硝化甘油更易控制、更安全的达纳炸药。A.innovation创新；B.effort努力；C.hesitation犹豫；D.association联想。故选B。 5．D　句意：他通过355项发明积累了财富，其中达纳炸药是最重要的。A.bring up抚养；B.put up张贴；C.break up结束，破裂；D.build up建立，积累。根据空后的“his wealth”可知，空处指的是积累财富。故选D。 6．A　句意：1888年诺贝尔的哥哥路德维格去世时，一家法国报纸错误地刊登了诺贝尔的讣告。A.mistakenly错误地；B.purposefully 故意地；C.unintentionally无意地；D.scientifically科学地。故选A。 7．D　句意：读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。A.satisfied 满意的；B.relieved宽慰的；C.afraid 害怕的；D.disappointed 失望的。故选D。 8．B　句意：当时这家报纸对发明达纳炸药的诺贝尔进行了强烈的谴责，称他为“死亡商人”，并说：“通过寻找比以往更快地杀死更多人的方法致富的阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士昨天去世了。”A.praise表扬；B.blame责备；C.appreciate欣赏；感激；D.favour偏袒。故选B。 9．C　句意同上。A.greedy贪婪的；B.important重要的；C.rich富裕的；D.old 老的。故选C。 10．B　句意：对诺贝尔来说，这篇讣告是一个警告。A.error错误；B.warning警告；C.threat威胁；D.consequence结果。故选B。 11．B　句意：他一生都在发明东西，他非常关心自己将如何被人们记住。A.destroy破坏；B.invent发明；C.combine结合；D.stimulate刺激。故选B。 12．A　句意：这个不幸事件促使他修改遗嘱，以改善他的公众形象和(让自己)因一项美好的事业而被铭记。A.improve提升；B.establish建立；C.illustrate说明；D.protect保护。故选A。 13．C　句意：1895年，也就是诺贝尔去世的前一年，他立了最后一份遗嘱，明确表示他的财富将用于设立一系列奖项，奖励那些在物理、化学、生理学或医学、文学和和平方面对人类做出重大贡献的人。A.request请求；B.invention发明；C.will意愿；遗嘱；D.fortune命运；财富。故选C。 14．D　句意同上。A.choice选择；B.decision决定；C.profit利润；D.contribution贡献。故选D。 15．A　句意：让众人惊讶的是，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔博士捐出了他总财富的94%来创立五项诺贝尔奖。A.give away赠送，捐赠；B.give back归还；C.give off发出；释放；D.give out分发；公布。故选A。 Ⅵ.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Even as a young boy, Leonardo da Vinci showed promise as an artist. He trained for seven years, and then 1．__________ (strike) out on his own. Afterwards, he set out 2．___________ (work) for wealthy men throughout Italy. Leonardo began his career as a painter, but he most often worked as an engineer. One of the reasons was that Italy was 3．______ war, and people needed engineers. 1 2 3 4 5 struck to work at After da Vinci’s death, it 4．__________________(discover) that he had kept many notebooks illustrating his work. Although his notebooks were popular in the royal families, none of 5．________ were published until the late 19th century. Until then, few people had had any idea 6．________ they contained. was discovered them what As it has turned out, his notebooks are 7．______ amazing treasure box of drawings, such as airplanes, tanks, robots, and diving 8．_____________(equip). Along with these drawings are notes 9．______________(describe) his work. Many of these notes are 10．______________ (science) in nature, involving his research in many different fields. His notebooks show that he was the greatest artist and scientist of his time. 【语篇解读】文章介绍了莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的笔记本及其重要意义。 an equipment describing scientific 1．struck　考查时态。句意：经过七年的努力练习，他开始独自闯天地。根据He trained for seven years可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填struck。 2．to work　考查非谓语动词。句意：之后，他开始为意大利各地的富人工作。固定搭配set out to do sth 意为“开始做某事”。故填to work。 3．at　考查介词。句意：其中一个原因是意大利处于战争状态，人们需要工程师。固定搭配be at war意为“处于战争状态”。故填at。 4．was discovered　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：达·芬奇死后，人们发现他保存了许多记录他工作的笔记本。此处it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语，与discover之间是被动关系，且事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为it，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was discovered。 5．them　考查代词。句意：虽然他的笔记本在王室中很受欢迎，但直到19世纪末它们才被出版。分析句子结构可知，所填词指代前面的复数名词notebooks，且作介词of的宾语。故填them。 6．what　考查同位语从句。句意：在此之前，很少有人知道笔记本里的内容。此处为同位语从句，解释idea的具体内容，从句中的contained缺少宾语，指“……的东西”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 7．an　考查冠词。句意：事实证明，他的笔记本是一个神奇的宝箱，里面有飞机、坦克、机器人和潜水设备等的绘图。box是可数名词，此处需用不定冠词，表泛指，amazing以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 8．equipment　考查名词。句意同上。此处用名词与前面的名词并列，作such as的宾语，且为不可数名词。故填equipment。 9．describing　考查非谓语动词。句意：除了这些绘图，还有描述他工作的笔记。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，notes与describe之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填describing。 10．scientific　考查形容词。句意：这些笔记中有许多是科学性质的，涉及他在许多不同领域的研究。此处缺少形容词作表语。故填scientific。 Ⅴ.应用文写作 你校英语报拟开展“我最敬佩的人”征文活动。请根据内容提示写一篇英语短文投稿。 内容提示： 1．最敬佩的人及理由； 2．对你的影响。 注意： 1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 1 2 3 4 5 One possible version： The Person I Admire Most ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I think an admirable person should not only make great achievements himself, but also have an impact on other people and even make contributions to the whole mankind. Tu Youyou is such a person who I admire most． _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Tu Youyou was admitted into Peking University Medical School in 1951. After graduation, she worked at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In 1971, her team succeeded in discovering and developing artemisinin out of a Chinese herb to cure those patients of malaria across the globe, for which she won many big awards. To our excitement and delight, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. Although she has gained such great achievements, Tu remains modest. We should learn from her and devote ourselves to making contributions to our country. 感谢聆听，再见！ $$