初高中衔接之词类、句子成分和句子结构 讲义-2025-2026学年初高中英语衔接复习专项

第三节　词类、句子成分和句子结构 语法是学好英语的基础，基础不牢，会严重制约成绩的提高，其中，语法最基础的是句子成分及句子结构，这是理解和灵活运用英语的基础。虽然初中已经结束，但是大部分学生对于句子成分掌握不牢，甚至一头雾水。本部分主要着眼于解决学生最困惑的这一问题，从定义到例句，从讲解到习题，步步为营，各个击破。相信广大学生只要多思考、勤分析，一定会攻克这一语法难题，为后续英语学习奠定扎实基础。 第一讲　十大词类及其句法功能 英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作用，可以分为十类：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。这十类词可以分为两大类：实词和虚词，二者分类和区别如下。 分类 词类 句法功能 实词 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词 可以单独作句子成分 虚词 冠词、介词、连词、感叹词 不能单独作句子成分 一、名词 1.定义：用来表示人或事物名称的词。 2.功能：在句中往往作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语等。 This book is very useful.(主语) I love apples.(宾语) My brother is a worker.(表语) We made Tom monitor.(宾语补足语) Mr.Smith，our leader, is speaking now.(同位语) There are not many men teachers in the kindergarten.(定语) [名师点津]　名词作定语与形容词作定语的区别 (1)名词作定语通常说明被修饰词的作用、类别、材料、时间等。 a gold watch一只金表 an English book一本英语书 a paper flower 一枝纸花 evening news晚间新闻 (2)形容词作定语主要说明被修饰词的特征、品质等。 a beautiful girl 一个美丽的女孩 a big room 一个大房间 二、代词 1.定义：用来代替名词或者数词的词。代词分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、疑问代词、和不定代词等。 2.功能：大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。代词在句中往往作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 What’s in your bag? (指示代词作主语) I saw her yesterday.(人称代词作主语和宾语) My bag is broken.(形容词性物主代词作定语) The bag is mine.(名词性物主代词作表语) He can take care of himself.(反身代词作宾语) 三、动词 1.定义：表示动作或状态的词。 2.功能：动词主要在句中作谓语和非谓语。 3.分类： 动词按含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类：行为(实义)动词、(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。 (1)行为(实义)动词 实义动词意义完整，能够独立作谓语。根据其在句中是否需要宾语，又可分为：及物动词和不及物动词。 I learn English every day.(English是作及物动词learn的宾语) A terrible accident happened.(happen为不及物动词，后不能接宾语) We arrived at London at noon.(arrive为不及物动词，后接宾语必须加相应的介词) (2)连系动词 连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 常见的连系动词有：be，become(变成)，look(看上去)，seem(似乎，好像)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(感觉)，keep(保持)。这些词没有被动语态形式，也不用于进行时态。 She is very young. The food tastes delicious. (3)助动词 助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词有be，have，shall(should)，will(would)和do。助动词在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。 We are playing basketball. The book was written by Lu Xun. Do you live in Beijing? (4)情态动词 情态动词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、语气或情态等，如“可能”“应当”。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词一起作谓语。情态动词主要有：can/could，may/might，must，need，dare，will/would，shall/should等。 He can look after himself.他能照料自己。 You must tell your reason.你必须说出你的理由。 四、形容词 1.定义：用来表示人或事物的特征。 2.功能：在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。 I love such beautiful dresses.(定语) The dress is very beautiful.(表语) I find the dress very beautiful.(宾语补足语) 五、副词 1.定义：用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者全句等，表示动作等特征的词。 2.功能：在句中作状语、定语等。 You are running fast.(状语) Please write down the words below.(定语) 六、数词 1.定义：表示人或者事物数目的多少(基数词)或者顺序的先后的词(序数词)。 2.功能：在句中作主语、宾语、定语等。 Six of us took part in the match.(基数词作主语) I want two, please.(基数词作宾语) He was the first one to arrive at the school.(序数词作定语) 七、介词 1.定义：用在名词或代词前，说明它与别的词的关系的词。 2.功能：不能单独使用，其后必须加宾语，一起在句中作定语、状语、表语或宾语补足语等。 The girl is at__the__door.(介词短语作表语) The girl at__the__door is my elder sister.(介词短语作定语) Please wait at__the__door.(介词短语作状语) 八、冠词 1.定义：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指范围的词，主要有不定冠词(a，an)和定冠词the等。 2.功能：在句中主要修饰名词。 I have a book. The cat is very cute. 九、连词 1.定义：在句子中起连接作用的词。 2.功能：连词分为并列连词和从属连词，在句中往往连接两个词、短语或句子。 Tom and Bob are brothers. I’ll call you when I get there. 十、感叹词 1.定义：表示感叹语气的词，如oh, ouch(哎吆)，My God! (天啊！)等。 2.功能：表示喜怒哀乐，在句中起加强语气的作用。 Ouch! It hurts! 【即时演练】　判断下列句子中加黑单词的词类 1.Mary dances well.副词 2.His father is reading.代词 3.Tom is looking for his watch.介词 4.He often plays violin after school.行为动词 5.Mr.Green works in a university.名词 6.The teacher taught us an English song.冠词 7.I have bought this pen for two years.数词 8.Nothing can live without water.代词 9.You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.情态动词 10.You can’t agree with me.代词 11.His success was achieved by hard work.名词 12.If you work hard, you will succeed sooner or later.行为动词 13.Did you know how to work the coffee machine？助动词 14.You should keep your room clean.形容词 15.Does she look happy？系动词 16.When I was young, I listened to the radio.连词 第二讲　八大句子成分及其用法 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 一、主语——句子所叙述的主体 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，说明动作是“谁，什么”发出的，或者句子描述的对象，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 American country music has become more and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One－third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) Smoking does harm to health.(动名词) The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式) 二、谓语——主语的动作或具有的特征和状态 谓语主要是说明主语所做的动作，有时也说明主语所具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词充当，一般放在主语之后。谓语主要有以下两种： 1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. He is looking after his mother. 2.复合谓语 (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成 He can speak English well. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成 We are students. 三、表语——主语的身份、特征和状态 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。 1.表语的类型 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句充当。 Our English teacher is an American.(名词) The weather has turned cold.(形容词) His job is to teach English.(不定式) His hobby is playing football.(动名词) The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) 2.系动词的类型 (1)状态系动词：be动词 He is a teacher.他是一名老师。 (2)持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 (3)表象系动词：seem, appear, look He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 (4)感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布感觉很柔软。 (5)变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. He fell ill after that. 从那以后，他就生病了。 (6)终止系动词：prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意 What he said proved false.他说的话被证明是假的。 四、宾语——动作的对象或承受者 宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词(短语)和介词后面。宾语一般由名词、代词、名词化的形容词、数词、不定式、动名词及宾语从句充当。 1.单一宾语 They saw an exhibition yesterday.(名词) She didn’t say anything.(代词) They asked to see my passport.(不定式短语) I succeeded in passing the exam.(动名词短语) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2.双宾语 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。可接双宾语的高频动词如下：award，bring，hand，lend，mail，offer，owe，pass，pay，post，read，return，send，sell，serve，show，take，teach，tell，throw，book，buy，choose，cook，draw，fetch，find，fix，get，make，pick，save，sing，spare，prepare等。 (1)一般的顺序为： 主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。 (2)强调间接宾语顺序为： 主语＋谓语动词＋直接宾语＋介词(to/for)＋间接宾语 [名师点津]　to表示方向，for表示“为了”。 Her mother bought her a skirt.＝Her mother bought a skirt for her. Mr.Li told us an interesting story.＝Mr.Li told an interesting story to us. 五、定语——名词或代词的修饰语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语一般由形容词、名词、代词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及定语从句充当。定语有两种情况： 1.前置定语——单个单词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前 Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) 2.后置定语——短语或句子一般放在所修饰词之后，特别注意定语后置的情况。 The girl in red is his sister.(介词短语) We have a lot of work to do.(不定式短语) The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.(现在分词短语) Do you know the man who spoke just now？(定语从句) 六、状语——动词、形容词、副词或句子的修饰语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。 1.状语的充当者：副词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词、状语从句等。 Light travels quickly.(副词) He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) John often came to chat with me.(不定式短语) He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语) Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句) 2.状语的类别：时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、比较状语等。 How about meeting again at six？(时间状语) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语) Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语) I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语) She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语) I am taller than he is.(比较状语) 七、宾语补足语——补充说明宾语 有些及物动词除了有一个宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make, ask, see, find, call, get, have, let, tell, help, keep等。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 His father named him Dongming.(名词) They painted their boat white.(形容词) Let the fresh air in.(副词) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语) We saw her entering the room.(现在分词短语) We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语) We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句) 八、同位语——同一事物的具体解释或说明 一个名词(或其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词(或其他形式)就是同位语。同位语可由名词、代词、形容词和从句等充当。 1.You students should study hard.(名词) 2.They both come from Beijing.(代词) 3.You two went out to fetch water for me.(数词) 4.All the people, young and old, went out to watch the match.(形容词) 5.I heard the news that our team had won.(同位语从句) 【即时演练】 写出下列句中加黑部分所作的句子成分。 1.His parents are well taken care of in the village.主语 2.He managed to finish the work in time.宾语 3.His wish is to become a scientist.表语 4.Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.谓语 5.He noticed a man enter the room.宾语补足语 6.Would you tell me your advice？me为间接宾语；your__advice为直接宾语 7.I opened the window to let some fresh air in.状语 8.We made him chairman of the company.宾语补足语 9.I’ll never forget the day when I worked together with you.定语 10.It makes no difference whether he will come or not. it为形式主语；whether__he__will__come__or__not为真正的主语 第三讲　三大句子结构及其用法 根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 Ⅰ.简单句的五种基本句型 简单句只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成八种基本句型。掌握这八种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语八种基本句型如下： 一、S＋V(主语＋谓语) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，后面不接宾语，这类动词叫做不及物动词。 The moon│rose.月亮升起了。 We all│breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 二、S＋P(主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。 My sister│is│a nurse.我姐姐是个护士。 I│feel│quite hungry.我感觉很饿。 三、S＋V＋O(主语＋谓语＋宾语) 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词(短语)。 Who│knows│the answer? 谁知道答案？ He│has refused│to help them.他拒绝帮他们。 四、S＋V＋IO＋DO(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语) 有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 She│cooked│her husband│a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。 He│showed│me│how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 五、S＋V＋O＋C(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语) 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 They│appointed│him│manager. 他们任命他当经理。 I│saw│them│getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 六、S＋V＋A(主语＋谓语＋状语) 该句型的谓语动词通常为不及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。 He│stood│there quietly. 他静静地站在那儿。 We│will start│tomorrow. 我们准备明天出发。 七、S＋V＋O＋A(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语) 该句型的谓语动词通常为及物动词；副词或介词短语在句中作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。 The man│raised│his arms│above his head. 那个人把手臂举过头顶。 The girl│enjoys│running│in the morning. 这个女孩喜欢早起跑步。 八、存现句(There be句型) There be句型表示某处存在某物或某人。基本结构是：There is/are/was/were...＋地点状语。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live，stand，lie，seem/appear to be(好像有)，happen to be(碰巧有)，used to be(曾经有)等。 There were│two boys and a girl│under the tree just now. 刚才树下有两个男孩和一个女孩。 There happened to be│a man│walking by. 碰巧有个人在此经过。 【即时演练1】 写出下列句子所属的基本句型并尝试翻译。 1.He is growing tall and strong. S＋P__他长得又高又壮。 2.I often find him at work. S＋V＋O＋C__我经常发现他在工作。 3.Our well has gone dry. S＋P__我们的井干枯了。 4.His face turned red. S＋P__他的脸红了。 5.I want to have a cup of tea. S＋V＋O__我想喝杯茶。 6.He brought you a dictionary. S＋V＋IO＋DO__他给你带来了一本字典。 7.There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 存现句(There__be句型)__明天将会有一个会议。 8.I dreamed a terrible dream last night. S＋V＋O＋A__我昨晚做了一个可怕的梦。 9.The old man works in a hospital. S＋V＋Ad__那个老人在一家医院工作。 10.I’ll offer you a good chance as long as you don’t lose heart. S＋V＋IO＋DO__只要你不灰心，我就给你一个很好的机会。 11.The old man walks in the park every morning. S＋V__那个老人每天早上在公园里散步。 12.He found it important to master English. S＋V＋O＋C__他觉得掌握英语很重要。 Ⅱ.并列句的四种分类 用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句连接起来的句子。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。 1.表示顺承或递进：常用and, not only...but also..., neither...nor...等连接。 The teacher’s name is Smith，and the student’s name is John. 老师的名字叫史密斯，学生的名字叫约翰。 2.表示选择：常用的连词有or, either...or..., otherwise等。 Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train. 快点，否则你会错过火车的。 3.表示转折：常用的连词有but, still, yet, while等。 He made a promise，but he didn’t keep it. 他作出了一个承诺，但他没有遵守诺言。 4.表示因果：常用的连词有so, for等。 August is the time of the year for harvest，so every day I work from dawn until dark. 八月是一年中丰收的时候，所以我每天从黎明一直工作到天黑。 It must have rained yesterday，for the ground is wet. 昨天一定是下雨了，因为地面太湿了。 【即时演练2】 选词填空(and，but，so，or，for) 1.He was tired, so he went to bed. 2.Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher. 3.I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn’t interested in it. 4.The child didn’t go out, for he was afraid of the dog. 5.Hurry up，or you’ll be late. Ⅲ.复合句的三种分类 包含一个主句、一个或一个以上从句的句子叫复合句。复合句包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句。 一、定语从句 1.定语从句的相关概念 2.关系词的分类和用法 关系代词 that 指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语 which 指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 who 指人 在从句中作主语或宾语 whom 在从句中作宾语 whose 指人和物 在从句中作定语 as 指物 在从句中作主语 关系副词 when 指时间 在从句中作时间状语 where 指地点 在从句中作地点状语 why 指原因 在从句中作原因状语 He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw in the park yesterday. 他就是我昨天在公园看到的那个人。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 他们冲过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。 They needed a plant which/that didn’t need as much water as rice. 他们需要一种不像水稻那样需要那么多水的植物。 The farm (which/that) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing. 我们昨天参观的农场位于北京郊区。 It was in the village where he once lived for 12 years. 这在他曾经住了12年的村庄里。 We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 我们已经进入了一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。 【即时演练3】 画出下列句子中的先行词、关系代词、关系副词以及定语从句。 1.The boy who helped us is called Nick. 2.This is the place that/which we visited last year. 3.The reason why he did not come was that he missed his train. 4.You should not forget the time when we meet. 5.Wuhan, which is a big city, is developing rapidly. 二、 状语从句 在复合句中充当状语的从句叫作状语从句，起副词的作用。状语从句按其功能可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、比较、方式、让步九种。状语从句在复合句中的位置比较灵活，可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。状语从句前置时，从句与主句一般用逗号隔开；后置时，从句与主句之间可以不用逗号。 1.时间状语从句 时间状语从句通常由as，when，while，until/till，as soon as等引导。 As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。 2.地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever等引导。 Where I live there are plenty of trees. 在我住的地方，那里有很多树。 3.方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as...so..., as if, as though等引导。 Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lightning. 他那样子就像被闪电击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。) 4.原因状语从句 原因状语从句通常由because, since, as，for等引导，它们的语气由强到弱。 I didn’t go，because I was afraid. 我没有去，因为我很害怕。 Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 由于天气如此恶劣，我们不得不推迟旅行。 5.结果状语从句 结果状语从句通常由so...that...，such...that...等引导。 The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. ＝He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school. 他太小了，所以不能去上学。 6.条件状语从句 条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等引导。 Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 除非你太累了，否则我们出去散散步吧。 7.让步状语从句 让状状语从句通常由though, although等引导。 [名师点津]　当有though, although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though/although 和yet可连用。 Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在野外工作。 8.目的状语从句 目的状语从句通常由that, so that, in order that, in case等引导。 You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大声说话，这样大家都能听到你。 9.比较状语从句 比较状语从句通常由as，than等引导。 He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep. 他醒来得和入睡一样突然。 Man developed earlier than people think. 人类的出现比人们所想的要早。 【即时演练4】 画出下列句子中的状语从句，并判断其类型。 1.I want to talk with you as__soon__as__I__finish__my__work.时间状语从句 2.Please stay where__you__are.地点状语从句 3.Since__no__one__else__is__against__it,__we’ll pass the law.原因状语从句 4.It is warmer in Spring than__(it__is)in__winter.比较状语从句 5.I got up so early so__that__I__could__catch__the__first__bus__to__Macao.目的状语从句 6.You had better take more clothes in__case__the__weather__is__cold.条件状语从句 三、 名词性从句 1.连接词的分类 从属连词 that, whether, if(在句子中不充当成分，whether和if 有“是否”的含义) 连接代词 what, whatever(任何事物), who，whoever(无论谁), whose, which, whichever(任何一个)，whom 连接副词 when, where, how, why 2.名词性从句的分类 (1)主语从句：从句作主语 That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着，真是奇迹。(that 不能省略) Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。 Whichever you want is yours. 你要哪个，哪个就是你的。 It is important that he should know about it. 他必须知道这件事，这很重要。(it作形式主语) (2)宾语从句：从句作宾语 The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets. 这个男孩相信他将通过太空旅行到其他星球。 I don’t know whether/if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车。 (3)表语从句：从句作表语 The question is where we can live. 问题是我们可以住哪。 This is what I want to tell you. 这就是我想告诉你的。 (4)同位语从句：从句作同位语，同位语对另一个名词或代词进行补充说明 The question whether it is right or wrong depends on the result. 是对还是错要看结果。 【即时演练5】 画出下列句子中的名词性从句，并判断其类型。 1.That__the__earth__goes__around__the__sun is known to us.主语从句 2.They realize that__it__is__of__great__value__to__keep__their__original__language.宾语从句 3.It does not matter too much whether__he__is__coming__or__not.主语从句 4.What__people__are__worried__about is whether__we__will__be__able__to__build__a__better__future.主语从句；表语从句 5.We all know the truth that__the__earth__goes__around__the__sun.同位语从句 【综合训练】判断下列句子所属的句子结构，如果是复合句，请画出从句并指出是何种从句。 1.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.简单句 2.We heard a noise，as__if__someone__were__breathing.复合句；方式状语从句 3.Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.并列句 4.The question is whether__we__can__win__the__majority__of__the__people.复合句；表语从句 5.He expressed the hope that__he__would__come__over__to__visit__China__again.复合句；同位语从句 6.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.简单句 7.The exact year when__Angela__and__her__family__lived__in__China was 2008.复合句；定语从句 8.I often hear her singing in the next room.简单句 9.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.简单句 10.They kept on working，though__it__was__raining.复合句；让步状语从句 11.It was still painful so I went to see a doctor.并列句 12.I am studying at a school where__my__father__teaches__English.复合句；定语从句 13.As__he__is__not__well__today,__I will go myself.复合句；原因状语从句 14.What__he__said__at__the__meeting__held__yesterday was very important.复合句；主语从句 15.The boy whose__father__is__a__policeman speaks English most fluently in our class.复合句；定语从句 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$